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Menajovsky MF, Espunyes J, Ulloa G, Montero S, Lescano AG, Santolalla ML, Cabezón O, Mayor P. A Survey of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis E Virus at the Human-Wildlife Interface in the Peruvian Amazon. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1868. [PMID: 39338542 PMCID: PMC11434561 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are zoonotic pathogens posing significant health concerns in rural Amazonia, a region marked by high endemicity, poverty, and limited healthcare access. However, the epidemiology of HBV and HEV in this ecosystem remains underexplored. This study examines the circulation of HBV and HEV at the human-wildlife interface and identifies risk factors within an isolated Amazonian indigenous community reliant on hunting for subsistence. Antibodies against HBV core antigens (HBcAbs) were found in three wildlife species: Cuniculus paca (0.8%), Tayassu pecari (1.6%), and Mazama americana (4.1%), marking the first record of HBV antibodies in free-ranging wildlife in the Amazon. However, further research is necessary to identify circulating strains and their relation to human HBV. HBcAbs were also detected in 9.1% of human samples, confirming exposure to HBV in the region. HEV IgG antibodies were present in 17.1% of humans and were associated with higher age. All wildlife and domestic animal samples tested negative for HEV, but transmission through consumption of wild animals and contaminated water needs further investigation. The identified risk factors highlight the urgent need for measures to promote safer food handling, improved sanitation, hygiene, and practices related to contact with wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Menajovsky
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.E.); (O.C.)
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Gabriela Ulloa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém 66077-830, Brazil;
| | - Stephanie Montero
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15015, Peru; (S.M.); (A.G.L.); (M.L.S.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Andres G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15015, Peru; (S.M.); (A.G.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Clima, Latin American Center of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Meddly L. Santolalla
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15015, Peru; (S.M.); (A.G.L.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Oscar Cabezón
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.E.); (O.C.)
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos 16006, Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos 16006, Peru
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Panasiuk YV, Vlasenko NV, Churilova NS, Klushkina VV, Dubodelov DV, Kudryavtseva EN, Korabelnikova MI, Rodionova ZS, Semenenko TA, Kuzin SN, Akimkin VG. [Modern views on the role of X gene of the hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) in the pathogenesis of the infection it causes]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:7-17. [PMID: 35293184 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The review presents information on the role of hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae: Orthohepadnavirus: Hepatitis B virus) (HBV) X gene and the protein it encodes (X protein) in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis B. The evolution of HBV from primordial to the modern version of hepadnaviruses (Hepadnaviridae), is outlined as a process that began about 407 million years ago and continues to the present. The results of scientific works of foreign researchers on the variety of the influence of X protein on the infectious process and its role in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are summarized. The differences in the effect of the X protein on the course of the disease in patients of different ethnic groups with regard to HBV genotypes are described. The significance of determining the genetic variability of X gene as a fundamental characteristic of the virus that has significance for the assessment of risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spread among the population of the Russian Federation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Panasiuk
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - N V Vlasenko
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - N S Churilova
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - V V Klushkina
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - D V Dubodelov
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - E N Kudryavtseva
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - M I Korabelnikova
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - Z S Rodionova
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - T A Semenenko
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - S N Kuzin
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
| | - V G Akimkin
- FSBI «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor)
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3
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Zhou M, Qin B, Deng XS, Zeng XL, Lu Y, Huang ZG, Wu CC, Mou LS. hNTCP‑expressing primary pig hepatocytes are a valuable tool for investigating hepatitis B virus infection and antiviral drugs. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3820-3828. [PMID: 31485670 PMCID: PMC6755163 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are the 'gold standard' for investigating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and antiviral drugs. However, poor availability, variation between batches and ethical issues regarding PHHs limit their applications. The discovery of human sodium taurocholate co‑transporting polypeptide (hNTCP) as a functional HBV receptor has enabled the development of a surrogate model to supplement the use of PHHs. In the present study, the evolutionary distance of seven species was assessed based on single‑copy homologous genes. Based on the evolutionary distance and availability, PHHs and primary rabbit hepatocytes (PRHs) were isolated and infected with hNTCP‑recombinant lentivirus, and susceptibility to HBV infection in the two cell types was tested and compared. In addition, HBV infection efficiency of hNTCP‑expressing PPHs with pooled HBV‑positive serum and purified particles was determined. The potential use of HBV‑infected hNTCP‑expressing PPHs for drug screening was assessed. The results demonstrated that pigs and rabbits are closer to humans in the divergence tree compared with mice and rats, indicating that pigs and rabbits were more likely to facilitate the HBV post‑entry lifecycle. Following hNTCP complementation and HBV infection, PPHs and Huh7D human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not PRHs, exhibited increased hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e‑antigen secretion, covalently closed circular DNA formation and infectious particle secretion. hNTCP‑expressing PPHs were susceptible to infection with HBV particles purified from pooled HBV‑positive sera, but were poisoned by raw HBV‑positive sera. The use of HBV‑infected hNTCP‑expressing PPHs for viral entry inhibitor screening was revealed to be applicable and reproducible. In conclusion, hNTCP‑expressing PPHs may be valuable tool for investigating HBV infection and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qin
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Song Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518049, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Gang Huang
- Liver‑Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Li-Sha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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Evaluation of HBV-Like Circulation in Wild and Farm Animals from Brazil and Uruguay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152679. [PMID: 31357451 PMCID: PMC6695864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the hepatitis B virus is a subject of wide deliberation among researchers. As a result, increasing academic interest has focused on the spread of the virus in different animal species. However, the sources of viral infection for many of these animals are unknown since transmission may occur from animal to animal, human to human, animal to human, and human to animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepadnavirus circulation in wild and farm animals (including animals raised under wild or free conditions) from different sites in Brazil and Uruguay using serological and molecular tools. A total of 487 domestic wild and farm animals were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and tested via quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA. We report evidence of HBsAg (surface antigen of HBV) and total anti-HBc (HBV core antigen) markers as well as low-copy hepadnavirus DNA among domestic and wild animals. According to our results, which were confirmed by partial genome sequencing, as the proximity between humans and animals increases, the potential for pathogen dispersal also increases. A wider knowledge and understanding of reverse zoonoses should be sought for an effective One Health response.
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Gillam F, Zhang J, Zhang C. Hepatitis B core antigen based novel vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Virol Methods 2017; 253:61-69. [PMID: 29129402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, which is a devastating viral disease and causes severe economic loss to the swine industry. Current vaccine options for PEDV include modified live viruses and killed live viruses. Though these vaccines have shown efficacy, some have side effects including viral shedding. This report details an E. coli based expression and purification process of multiple vaccine candidates for PEDV using Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) as a backbone protein. Short linear peptide sequences from PEDV were inserted into the immunodominant region of HBcAg in a novel recombinant vaccine design against PEDV. These peptide sequences were successfully inserted individually as well as all together in a multivalent strategy. Each vaccine candidate was tested in vivo in an intranasal as well as an intraperitoneal administration. Although each candidate was able to elicit a strong immunogenic response specific for the inserted peptide sequences, only two out of five of the test candidates demonstrated an ability to elicit an immune response capable of virus neutralization when delivered via intraperitoneal administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gillam
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1230 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 1230 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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6
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Lempp FA, Wiedtke E, Qu B, Roques P, Chemin I, Vondran FWR, Le Grand R, Grimm D, Urban S. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is the limiting host factor of hepatitis B virus infection in macaque and pig hepatocytes. Hepatology 2017; 66:703-716. [PMID: 28195359 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Infections with the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) depend on species-specific host factors like the receptor human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (hNTCP). Complementation of mouse hepatocytes with hNTCP confers susceptibility to HDV but not HBV, indicating the requirement of additional HBV-specific factors. As an essential premise toward the establishment of an HBV-susceptible animal model, we investigated the role of hNTCP as a limiting factor of hepatocytes in commonly used laboratory animals. Primary hepatocytes from mice, rats, dogs, pigs, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques were transduced with adeno-associated viral vectors encoding hNTCP and subsequently infected with HBV. Cells were analyzed for Myrcludex B binding, taurocholate uptake, HBV covalently closed circular DNA formation, and expression of all HBV markers. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) from the respective species was cloned and analyzed for HBV and HDV receptor activity in a permissive hepatoma cell line. Expression of hNTCP in mouse, rat, and dog hepatocytes permits HDV infection but does not allow establishment of HBV infection. Contrarily, hepatocytes from cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and pigs became fully susceptible to HBV upon hNTCP expression with efficiencies comparable to human hepatocytes. Analysis of cloned Ntcp from all species revealed a pronounced role of the human homologue to support HBV and HDV infection. CONCLUSION Ntcp is the key host factor limiting HBV infection in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques and in pigs. In rodents (mouse, rat) and dogs, transfer of hNTCP supports viral entry but additional host factors are required for the establishment of HBV infection. This finding paves the way for the development of macaques and pigs as immunocompetent animal models to study HBV infection in vivo, immunological responses against the virus and viral pathogenesis. (Hepatology 2017;66:703-716).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Lempp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Wiedtke
- Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, BioQuant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bingqian Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre Roques
- Division of ImmunoVirology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Centre d'Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, Paris, France.,UMRE01, UMR1184, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- Université de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Division of ImmunoVirology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Centre d'Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, Paris, France.,UMRE01, UMR1184, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, BioQuant, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pumpens P, Grens E. The true story and advantages of the famous Hepatitis B virus core particles: Outlook 2016. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Full genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in gibbons and a caretaker in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Arch Virol 2015; 160:685-92. [PMID: 25559671 PMCID: PMC4336649 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) from gibbons was characterized, and the possibility of horizontal transmission between gibbons and humans was examined in a gibbon rehabilitation center in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ten gibbons that were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on arrival and 13 caretakers for those gibbons were included in this study. The duration of stay at the rehabilitation center ranged from 1 to 10 years. Serological and molecular analyses were performed. Six gibbons were positive for HBsAg, whereas HBV DNA was detected in all ten of the gibbons sampled. On the other hand, HBsAg was detected in only 1 of the 13 caretakers. HBV samples from seven gibbons and from the one infected human were chosen for complete genome sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cluster of gibbon strains in this study was distinct from strains previously reported from other countries. In the pre-S1 region, we found a unique amino acid residue substitution (P89K), three insertions between T87 and L88 in the genomes of three gibbons, and a 33-nucleotide deletion at the start of pre-S1 that is common in non-human primates. The caretaker sample was identified as HBV subgenotype B3, the most common type in Indonesia. For the complete HBV sequences, the similarity between gibbons in this study and other non-human primate and human HBV isolates was 90–91.9 % and 85.5–89.6 %, respectively. In conclusion, the gibbon HBV genotype was influenced by geographic location and species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing the HBV genes and genomes of indigenous gibbons in Indonesia.
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Vieira YR, dos Santos DRL, Portilho MM, Velloso CEP, Arissawa M, Villar LM, Pinto MA, de Paula VS. Hepadnavirus detected in bile and liver samples from domestic pigs of commercial abattoirs. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:315. [PMID: 25495746 PMCID: PMC4269919 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preliminary studies showed the prevalence of a virus similar to human hepatitis B virus (HBV-like) in swine from farms in China and the molecular evidence of Hepadnavirus infection in domestic pigs herds in Brazil. In this study, we genetically characterize the swine Hepadnavirus strains in swine from slaughterhouses located in certified abattoirs from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil and evaluate its hepatotropic potential. Results Bile and liver samples from swine were positive for partial genome amplification (ORF S and ORF C), direct sequencing and viral load quantification. Sequencing of the gene encoding the surface antigen allowed classification of Hepadnavirus into genotypes, similar to HBV genotype classification. Indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of HBsAg antigen in liver tissue sections. Conclusions So far our data suggest that commercial swine house an HBV-like virus and this relevant finding should be considered in studies on the origin and viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Rangel Vieira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Pavilhão Hélio e Peggy Pereira - 2° andar - sala B220, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av, Brasil, n° 4365, Manguinhos - RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Cep: 21045-900, RJ, Brasil.
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10
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Bonvicino CR, Moreira MA, Soares MA. Hepatitis B virus lineages in mammalian hosts: Potential for bidirectional cross-species transmission. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7665-7674. [PMID: 24976704 PMCID: PMC4069295 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a cosmopolitan infectious agent currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide, presently accounting for more than two billion infections. In addition to man, other hepatitis virus strains infect species of several mammalian families of the Primates, Rodentia and Chiroptera orders, in addition to birds. The mounting evidence of HBV infection in African, Asian and neotropical primates draws attention to the potential cross-species, zoonotic transmission of these viruses to man. Moreover, recent evidence also suggests the humans may also function as a source of viral infection to other mammals, particularly to domestic animals like poultry and swine. In this review, we list all evidence of HBV and HBV-like infection of nonhuman mammals and discuss their potential roles as donors or recipients of these viruses to humans and to other closely-related species.
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11
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Ploemen IHJ, Hirschberg HJHB, Kraan H, Zeltner A, van Kuijk S, Lankveld DPK, Royals M, Kersten GFA, Amorij JP. Minipigs as an animal model for dermal vaccine delivery. Comp Med 2014; 64:50-54. [PMID: 24512961 PMCID: PMC3929219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate animal models for intradermal vaccine delivery are scarce. Given the high similarity of their skin anatomy to that of humans, minipigs may be a suitable model for dermal vaccine delivery. Here we describe the immunization of Göttingen minipigs by using intradermal and intramuscular delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Intradermal vaccine delivery by needle and syringe and by needle-free jet injection induced humoral antiHBsAg responses. Priming immunization by using the disposable syringe jet injector (DSJI) resulted in a higher antibody titer than did conventional intradermal immunization and a titer comparable to that after intramuscular vaccination with HBsAg and Al(OH)3 adjuvant. This study highlights the utility of the minipig model in vaccine studies assessing the efficacy of conventional and novel methods of dermal delivery. Moreover, we include suggestions regarding working with minipigs during dermal vaccine delivery studies, thereby fostering future work in this area of vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang JHB Hirschberg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gideon FA Kersten
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology
- Division of Drug Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Tian J, Xia K, She R, Li W, Ding Y, Wang J, Chen M, Yin J. Detection of Hepatitis B virus in serum and liver of chickens. Virol J 2012; 9:2. [PMID: 22217003 PMCID: PMC3306199 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most important human pathogens. Its existence in food animals could present a significant threat to public health. The objective of this study was to determine if HBV is present in serum and liver of chickens. A total of 129 serum samples from broiler chickens were collected for the detection of HBV antigens and antibodies, and 193 liver samples were tested for HBV DNA sequence by PCR and for the existence of HBV antigens by immunohistochemistry. The overall prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc was 28.68%, 53.49%, 17.05%, respectively, whereas HBeAg, anti-HBe were barely detectable. Three serum samples were found to be positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg. Further analysis of these samples with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed two morphologic particles with 20 nm and 40 nm in diameter, which were similar to small spherical and Danes particles of HBV. The viral DNA sequence identified in two of the chicken livers shared 92.2% of one known HBV strain and 97.9% nucleotide sequence of another HBV strain. Our results showed the existence of HBV in chickens. This would present a significant risk to people who work with live chickens or chicken products if HBV found in chicken could be confirmed to be the same as human HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijing Tian
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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