1
|
Dong HL, Chen ZL, He MJ, Cui JZ, Cheng H, Wang QY, Xiong XH, Liu G, Chen HP. The Chimeric Chaoyang-Zika Vaccine Candidate Is Safe and Protective in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:215. [PMID: 38400198 PMCID: PMC10893063 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes congenital syndromes including microcephaly and fetal demise in pregnant women. No commercial vaccines against ZIKV are currently available. We previously generated a chimeric ZIKV (ChinZIKV) based on the Chaoyang virus (CYV) by replacing the prME protein of CYV with that of a contemporary ZIKV strain GZ01. Herein, we evaluated this vaccine candidate in a mouse model and showed that ChinZIKV was totally safe in both adult and suckling immunodeficient mice. No viral RNA was detected in the serum of mice inoculated with ChinZIKV. All of the mice inoculated with ChinZIKV survived, while mice inoculated with ZIKV succumbed to infection in 8 days. A single dose of ChinZIKV partially protected mice against lethal ZIKV challenge. In contrast, all the control PBS-immunized mice succumbed to infection after ZIKV challenge. Our results warrant further development of ChinZIKV as a vaccine candidate in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui-Peng Chen
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong N, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zheng J, Qiu Y, Li Z, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Ma Z, Wei J. Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China. Viruses 2023; 15:1822. [PMID: 37766229 PMCID: PMC10536422 DOI: 10.3390/v15091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), found in pigs, is a serious mosquito-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs and wading birds. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, allowing the pathogen to spread and cause disease epidemics. However, there is little research on JEV genotype variation in mosquitoes and pigs in Fujian province. Previous studies have shown that the main epidemic strain of JEV in Fujian Province is genotype III. In this study, a survey of mosquito species diversity in pig farms and molecular evolutionary analyses of JEV were conducted in Fujian, China, in the summer of 2019. A total of 19,177 mosquitoes were collected at four sites by UV trap. Four genera were identified, of which the Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species, accounting for 76.4% of the total (14,651/19,177). Anopheles sinensi (19.25%, 3691/19,177) was the second largest species. High mosquito infection rateswere an important factor in the outbreak. The captured mosquito samples were milled and screened with JEV-specific primers. Five viruses were isolated, FJ1901, FJ1902, FJ1903, FJ1904, and FJ1905. Genetic affinity was determined by analyzing the envelope (E) gene variants. The results showed that they are JEV gene type I and most closely related to the strains SH-53 and SD0810. In this study, it was found through genetic evolution analysis that the main epidemic strain of JE in pig farms changed from gene type III to gene type I. Compared with the SH-53 and SD0810 strains, we found no change in key sites related to antigenic activity and neurovirulence of JEV in Fujian JEV and pig mosquito strains, respectively. The results of the study provide basic data for analyzing the genotypic shift of JEV in Fujian Province and support the prevention and control of JEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (N.D.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (K.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China; (N.D.); (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (K.L.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ladreyt H, Durand B, Dussart P, Chevalier V. How Central Is the Domestic Pig in the Epidemiological Cycle of Japanese Encephalitis Virus? A Review of Scientific Evidence and Implications for Disease Control. Viruses 2019; 11:E949. [PMID: 31618959 PMCID: PMC6832429 DOI: 10.3390/v11100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of human vaccines, Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains the leading cause of human encephalitis in Asia. Pigs are described as the main amplifying host, but their role in JE epidemiology needs to be reassessed in order to identify and implement efficient control strategies, for both human and animal health. We aimed to provide a systematic review of publications linked to JE in swine, in terms of both individual and population characteristics of JE virus (JEV) infection and circulation, as well as observed epidemiological patterns. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to select and analyze relevant articles from the Scopus database, 127 of which were included in the review. Pigs are central, but the implication of secondary hosts cannot be ruled out and should be further investigated. Although human vaccination cannot eradicate the virus, it is clearly the most important means of preventing human disease. However, a better understanding of the actual involvement of domestic pigs as well as other potential JEV hosts in different JEV epidemiological cycles and patterns could help to identify additional/complementary control measures, either by targeting pigs or not, and in some specific epidemiological contexts, contribute to reduce virus circulation and protect humans from JEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Ladreyt
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
- Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Benoit Durand
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia.
| | - Véronique Chevalier
- Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia.
- Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu B, Gao X, Ma J, Jiao Z, Xiao J, Wang H. Influence of Host and Environmental Factors on the Distribution of the Japanese Encephalitis Vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091848. [PMID: 30150565 PMCID: PMC6165309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector that transmits a variety of human and animal diseases. Japanese encephalitis (JE), an endemic disease in the Asia-Pacific region, is primarily transmitted by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Insufficient monitoring of vector mosquitoes has led to a poor understanding of the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in China. To delineate the habitat of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and any host and environmental factors that affect its distribution, we used a maximum entropy modeling method to predict its distribution in China. Our models provided high resolution predictions on the potential distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The predicted suitable habitats of the JE vector were correlated with areas of high JE incidence in parts of China. Factors driving the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in China were also revealed by our models. Furthermore, human population density and the maximum NDVI were the most important predictors in our models. Bioclimate factors and elevation also significantly impacted the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Our findings may serve as a reference for vector and disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai C, Wang Q, Cao S, Zhao Q, Wen Y, Huang X, Wen X, Yan Q, Ma X, Wu R. Serological and molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis virus infections in swine herds in China, 2006-2012. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:151-155. [PMID: 28693301 PMCID: PMC5799393 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic flavivirus causing viral encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorder in swine. JEV is prevalent throughout China in human; however, spatiotemporal analysis of JEV in Chinese swine herds has not been reported previously. Herein, we present serological and molecular epidemiological results and estimates of prevalence of JEV infections among swine herds in various regions of China. The results suggest that JEV infections are widespread and genotype I and III strains co-exist in the same regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to monitor JEV infection status among swine herds in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiguai Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Research Center of Swine Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Banerjee S, Sen Gupta PS, Bandyopadhyay AK. Insight into SNPs and epitopes of E protein of newly emerged genotype-I isolates of JEV from Midnapur, West Bengal, India. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28264652 PMCID: PMC5339996 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in humans. Genotype-I (as co-circulating cases with Genotype-III) was isolated in 2010 (JEV28, JEV21) and then in 2011 (JEV45) from Midnapur district, West Bengal (WB) for the first time from clinical patients who were previously been vaccinated with live attenuated SA14-14-2 strain. We apply bioinformatics and immunoinformatics on sequence and structure of E protein for analysis of crucial substitutions that might cause the genotypic transition, affecting protein-function and altering specificity of epitopes. RESULTS Although frequency of substitutions in E glycoprotein of JEV28, JEV21 and JEV45 isolates vary, its homologous patterns remain exactly similar as earlier Japan isolate (Ishikawa). Sequence and 3D model-structure based analyses of E protein show that only four of all substitutions are critical for genotype-I specific effect of which N103K is common among all isolates indicating its role in the transition of genotype-III to genotype-I. Predicted B-cell and T-cell epitopes are seen to harbor these critical substitutions that affect overall conformational stability of the protein. These epitopes were subjected to conservation analyses using a large set of the protein from Asian continent. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies crucial substitutions that contribute to the emergence of genotype-I. Predicted epitopes harboring these substitutions may alter specificity which might be the reason of reported failure of vaccine. Conservation analysis of these epitopes would be useful for design of genotype-I specific vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamashree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Integrin αvβ3 promotes infection by Japanese encephalitis virus. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:67-74. [PMID: 28043010 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis diseases worldwide. The JEV envelope protein facilitates viral entry, and its domain III contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, that may modulate JEV entry through the RGD-binding integrin. In this study, the roles of integrin αv and β3 on the infection of JEV were evaluated. Reduced expression of integrin αv/β3 by special shRNA confers 2 to 4-fold inhibition of JEV replication in BHK-21 cells. Meanwhile, antibodies specific for integrin αv/β3 displayed ~58% and ~33% inhibition of JEV infectivity and RGD-specific peptides produced ~36% of inhibition. Expression of E protein and JEV RNA loads were clearly increased in CHO cells transfected with cDNA encoding human integrin β3. Moreover, integrin αv mediates JEV infection in viral binding stage of life cycle. Therefore, our study suggested that integrin αv and β3 serve as a host factor associated with JEV entry into the target cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype III Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Isolated from Pigs in Sichuan, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01253-16. [PMID: 27932640 PMCID: PMC5146432 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01253-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A complete genomic sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected by viral metagenome analysis on aborted piglets. A phylogenetic analysis of this genome reveals that it is highly similar to previously reported India JEV genomes. The complete JEV sequence is 10,718 nucleotides long.
Collapse
|
9
|
TRIM52 inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus replication by degrading the viral NS2A. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33698. [PMID: 27667714 PMCID: PMC5035999 DOI: 10.1038/srep33698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of tripartite-motif containing (TRIM) protein participate in various cellular processes and play an important role in host antiviral function. TRIM proteins exert their antiviral activity either directly by degrading viral proteins through their E3 ligase activity, or indirectly by promoting host innate immunity. This study demonstrated for the first time that TRIM52 is a novel antiviral TRIM protein against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Overexpression of TRIM52 restricted JEV replication in BHK-21 and 293T cells. In addition, JEV nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is a protein that interacts with TRIM52. Their interaction degraded NS2A in a proteasome-dependent manner via the E3 ligase activity of TRIM52. Thus, TRIM52 is a novel antiviral TRIM protein, and it exerted antiviral activity against JEV infection by targeting and degrading viral NS2A.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan L, Wu R, Liu H, Wen X, Huang X, Wen Y, Ma X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Zhao Q, Cao S. Tissue tropism and molecular characterization of a Japanese encephalitis virus strain isolated from pigs in southwest China. Virus Res 2016; 215:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Japanese encephalitis virus genotype III is still prevalent in swine herds in Sichuan province in China. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1719-22. [PMID: 26976139 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The genome of JEV strain SC201301, which was isolated from an aborted fetal piglet in 2013 in Sichuan province in China, was completely sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Sequence alignments showed that the SC201301 strain shared 97-100% sequence identity with other genotype III strains but showed less similarity to genotype I representative JEVs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SC201301 strain belonged to genotype III and was most closely related to representative strains such as SA14-14-2, HW and SH0601. Our findings suggest that JEV genotype III is still prevalent in swine herds in Sichuan province in China, and thus, there is an urgent need to monitor the infection status of JEV among swine herds in China.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathogenic and Genotypic Characterization of a Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolate Associated with Reproductive Failure in an Indian Pig Herd. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147611. [PMID: 26895440 PMCID: PMC4760945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India is endemic to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and recurrent outbreaks occur mainly in rice growing areas. Pigs are considered to be the amplifying host for JEV and infection in gestating pigs results in reproductive failure. Most studies conducted on JEV infection in Indian pigs have been serological surveys and very little is known about JEV genotypes circulating in pigs. So the potential risk posed by pigs in JEV transmission and the genetic relationship between viruses circulating in pigs, mosquitoes and humans is poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings This study was conducted in pigs with a history of reproductive failure characterized by stillborn piglets with neuropathological lesions. Japanese encephalitis (JE) suspected brain specimens inoculated intracerebrally into mice and Vero cells resulted in successful isolation of JEV/SW/IVRI/395A/2014. Clinicopathological observations in infected mice, demonstration of JEV antigen in brain, and analysis of the envelope protein identified the swine isolate as being neurovirulent. Phylogenetic analysis based on prM and E gene sequences showed that it belonged to genotype III. This swine isolate was closely related to JEV associated with the 2005 outbreak in India and JaoArS982 from Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of JEV strains collected between 1956 and 2014 in India categorized the GIII viruses into different clades blurring their spatial distribution, which has been discernible in the previous century. Conclusions/Significance Isolation of JEV from stillborn piglets and its close genetic relationship with viruses detected at least three decades ago in humans and mosquitoes in Japan suggests that the virus may have been circulating among Indian pigs for several decades. The close similarity between the present swine isolate and those detected in humans affected in the 2005 outbreak in Uttar Pradesh, India, suggests the need for more intensive surveillance of pigs and implementation of suitable strategies to control JE in India.
Collapse
|
13
|
Qian P, Zhi X, Wang B, Zhang H, Chen H, Li X. Construction and immune efficacy of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing PrM-E proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype І. Virol J 2015; 12:214. [PMID: 26651827 PMCID: PMC4676090 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arboviral disease with high case fatality rates and neurologic or psychiatric sequelae among survivors in Asia, western Pacific countries and northern Australia. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the cause of JE and the emergence of genotype І (GI) JEV has displaced genotype III (GIII) as the dominant strains circulating in some Asian regions. The currently available JE vaccines are safe and effective in preventing this disease, but they are developed based on the GIII JEV strains. Methods The recombinant virus PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+ which expressed the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of JEV SX09S-01 strain (genotype I, GI) was constructed by homologous recombination between the genome of PRV TK−/gE−/LacZ+ digested with EcoRI and plasmid pIE-CAG-PrM-E-BGH. Expression of JEV PrM and E proteins was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Immune efficacy of PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+ was further evaluated in mouse model. Results A recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+) was successfully constructed. Mice experiments showed that PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+ could induce a high level of ELISA antibodies against PRV and JEV, as well as high titer of PRV neutralizing antibodies. After challenge with 1 × 107 PFU virulent JEV SX09S-01 strain, the time of death was delayed and the survival rate was improved in PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+ vaccinated mice. Conclusions PRV TK−/gE−/PrM-E+ is a potential vaccine candidate against PRV and JEV GI infection in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China.
| | - Xianwei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China.
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Liang G. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:435-48. [PMID: 25848290 PMCID: PMC4373597 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s51168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of severe viral encephalitis that affects individuals in Asia, western Pacific countries, and northern Australia. Although 67,900 JE cases have been estimated among 24 JE epidemic countries annually, only 10,426 have been reported in 2011. With the establishment of JE surveillance and vaccine use in some countries, the JE incidence rate has decreased; however, serious outbreaks still occur. Understanding JE epidemics and identifying the circulating JE virus genotypes will improve JE prevention and control. This review summarizes the current epidemiology data in these countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing People's Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Zhu Q, Cao Q, Chen H, Qian P. Japanese encephalitis virus upregulates the expression of SOCS3 in mouse brain and Raw264.7 Cells. Viruses 2014; 6:4280-93. [PMID: 25390684 PMCID: PMC4246222 DOI: 10.3390/v6114280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the pathogens that can invade the central nervous system, causing acute infection and inflammation of brain. SOCS3 protein plays a vital role in immune processes and inflammation of the central nervous system. In this study, Raw264.7 cells and suckling mice were infected with JEV, and SOCS3 expression was analyzed by the gene expression profile, semiquantitative RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. Results indicated that 520 genes were found to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2.0, p < 0.05) in total. The differentially regulated genes were involved in biological processes, such as stimulus response, biological regulation and immune system processes. JEV early infection could induce SOCS3 expression, upregulating both the mRNA and protein levels in Raw264.7 cells in a time-dependent manner. The SOCS3 expression was much lower in Raw264.7 cells infected with inactivated JEV than wild-type JEV. In vivo, SOCS3 protein was also found to upregulate the expression of mRNA and protein in JEV-infected mouse brain. Taken together, our data showed that JEV early infection could induce the upregulation of SOCS3 expression, both in vitro and in vivo, providing the basic theoretical foundation for future research on the invasion mechanism of JEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qishu Cao
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sarkar A, Banik A, Pathak BK, Mukhopadhyay SK, Chatterjee S. Envelope protein gene based molecular characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus clinical isolates from West Bengal, India: a comparative approach with respect to SA14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine strain. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:368. [PMID: 23927571 PMCID: PMC3751164 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing virulence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen is of grave concern because it causes a neurotrophic killer disease Japanese Encephalitis (JE) which, in turn, is responsible globally for viral acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Despite the availability of vaccine, JE/AES cases and deaths have become regular features in the different rural districts of West Bengal (WB) state, India, indicating either the partial coverage of vaccine or the emergence of new strain of JEV. Therefore, a study was undertaken to characterize and compare the complete envelope (E) protein gene based molecular changes/patterns of JEVs circulating in WB. METHODS Total of 98 AES case-patients' samples were tested to detect the presence of JEV specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody by Mac-ELISA method. Only JEV IgM negative samples with a history of ≤3 days' illness were screened for virus isolation and RT-PCR. E gene sequences of JEV isolates were subjected to molecular phylogeny and immunoinformatics analysis. RESULTS Present study confirmed JEV etiology in 39.7% and 29.1% of patients presenting ≤15 days' febrile illness, as determined by Mac-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete E gene sequences of JEV isolates showed the co-circulation of JEV genotype I (GI) with genotype III (GIII). This study also demonstrated that isolate-specific crucial amino acid substitutions were closely related to neurovirulence/neuroinvasiveness of JE. On the basis of immunoinformatics analysis, some substitutions were predicted to disrupt T-cell epitope immunogenicity/antigenicity that might largely influence the outcome of vaccine derived from JEV GIII SA14-14-2 strain and this has been observed in a previously vaccinated boy with mild JE/AES due to JEV GI infection. CONCLUSIONS Based on molecular evolutionary and bioinformatic approaches, we report evolution of JEV at a local level. Such naturally occurring evolution is likely to affect the disease profile and the vaccine efficacy to protect against JEV GI may demand careful evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Sarkar
- ICMR virus unit, GB- 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Bani K Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhra K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamalendu Chatterjee
- ICMR virus unit, GB- 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital, 57, Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Complete Genome of a Genotype I Japanese Encephalitis Virus Isolated from a Patient with Encephalitis in Vientiane, Lao PDR. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:genomeA00157-12. [PMID: 23469339 PMCID: PMC3587933 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00157-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted by Culex species mosquitoes. We report here the complete genome of the JEV genotype I strain JEV_CNS769_Laos_2009 isolated from an infected patient in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) (Laos).
Collapse
|
18
|
Zheng H, Shan T, Deng Y, Sun C, Yuan S, Yin Y, Tong G. Molecular characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus strains prevalent in Chinese swine herds. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:27-36. [PMID: 23388434 PMCID: PMC3615229 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. In the present study, the full genomic sequences of two JEV strains (HEN0701 and SH0601) isolated from pigs in China were determined and compared with other 12 JEV strains deposited in GenBank. These two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. HEN0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with genotype I (GI) strains, while SH0601 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with GIII strains at both the gene and full genome levels. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that HEN0701 belonged to the JEV GI group and SH0601 was classified as a GIII strain. Analysis of codon usage showed there were a few differences between the GI and GIII strains in nucleotide composition and codon usage for the open reading frames.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seo HJ, Kim HC, Klein TA, Ramey AM, Lee JH, Kyung SG, Park JY, Cho YS, Cho IS, Yeh JY. Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55165. [PMID: 23390520 PMCID: PMC3563655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. To reduce the impact of Japanese encephalitis among children in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. Through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the ROK during the period of 1984-2009. However, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis, including 7 deaths. This represented a >12-fold increase in the number of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK as compared to the mean number reported over the last 26 years and a 3.7-fold increase over the highest annual number of cases during this same period (7 cases). Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the 2010 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK. A total of 6,328 culicine mosquitoes belonging to 12 species from 5 genera were collected at 6 survey sites from June through October 2010 and assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of JEV. A total of 34/371 pooled samples tested positive for JEV (29/121 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4/64 Cx. pipiens, and 1/26 Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) as confirmed by sequencing of the pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 culicine vectors for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were 11.8, 5.6, and 2.8, respectively. Sequences of the JEV pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes amplified from the culicine mosquitoes by RT-PCR were compared with those of JEV genotypes I-V. Phylogenetic analyses support the detection of a single genotype (I) among samples collected from the ROK in 2010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Seo
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A. Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, 65th Medical Brigade/USAMEDDAC-Korea, Unit 15281, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jee-Yong Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Yeh
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singha H, Gulati BR, Kumar P, Singh BK, Virmani N, Singh RK. Complete genome sequence analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from a horse in India. Arch Virol 2012; 158:113-22. [PMID: 23001697 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain JEV/eq/India/H225/2009(H225), isolated from an infected horse in India, was sequenced and compared to previously published JEV genomes. H225 genome was 10,977-nucleotides long, comprising a single ORF of 10,299-nucleotides, a 5'-UTR of 95 nucleotides and a 3'-UTR of 582 nucleotides. The H225 genome showed high levels of sequence identity with 47 fully sequenced JEV genomes, ranging from 99.3 % to 75.5 % for nucleotides and 99.2 % to 91.5 % for amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length sequence indicated that the H225 strain belongs to genotype III and is closely related to the Indian JEV strain Vellore P20778. A comparison of amino acids associated with neurovirulence in the E proteins and non-structural proteins of known virulent and attenuated JEV strains suggested H225 to be a highly virulent strain. This is the first report of whole-genome sequencing of a genotype III JEV genome isolated from equines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harisankar Singha
- Equine Health Unit, National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mei L, Wu P, Ye J, Gao G, Shao L, Huang S, Li Y, Yang X, Chen H, Cao S. Development and application of an antigen capture ELISA assay for diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus in swine, human and mosquito. Virol J 2012; 9:4. [PMID: 22221768 PMCID: PMC3275457 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious zoonosis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) which is a mosquito-borne pathogen of the family Flavivirus. However, the application of several developed laboratory methods for the detection of JEV antigens or antibodies are limited by their requirements of laboratory operations, skilled technicians and special facilities. Results To develop a method for detecting JEV antigen in swine, human, mosquito and other clinical specimens specifically, conveniently and effectively, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and stability of the developed method were evaluated, and 60 clinical samples were tested in this study. The results demonstrated that the antigen capture ELISA was capable in detecting JEV antigen with high sensitivity and specificity compared with conventional methods. 14 samples showed the positive result with coincidence rate of 70%, and 46 displayed negative result with coincidence rate of 100% as compared to that of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conclusions The developed ELISA assay provides a convenient and specific method for the large-scale determination of JEV antigen in infected swine, human and mosquito samples with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang DK, Kim HH, Hyun BH, Lim SI, Nam YK, Nah JJ, Song JY. Detection of Neutralizing Antibody Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Wild Boars of Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2012.42.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| | - Seong-In Lim
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyoung Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JeonBuk National University, JeonJu, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Nah
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal, Plant and Fishery Quarantine Inspection Agency, MIFAFF, Anyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|