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Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Nishizono A, Kawakami M, Sato Y, Kawakami K, Irokawa M, Tamaru T, Miyazaki S, Shimada M, Ozaki H, Primadharsini PP, Nagashima S, Murata K, Okamoto H. Recent decline in hepatitis E virus prevalence among wild boars in Japan: Probably due to countermeasures implemented in response to outbreaks of classical swine fever virus infection. Virus Res 2024; 348:199438. [PMID: 39013518 PMCID: PMC11315222 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have emphasized the necessity of surveillance and control measures for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars, an important reservoir of HEV. To assess the current situation of HEV infection in wild boars in Japan, this study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of HEV among wild boars captured in 16 prefectures of Japan during 2018-2023. Serum samples from 968 wild boars were examined for anti-HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG varied geographically from 0 % to 35.0 %. HEV RNA was detected in 3.6 % of boars, with prevalence varying by prefecture from 0 % to 22.2 %. Genotype 3 was the most prevalent genotype (91.9 %), followed by genotype 4 (5.4 %), with one strain closely related to genotype 6. The prevalence of HEV infection among wild boars decreased from 2018/2019 to 2022/2023 with significant declines in levels of anti-HEV IgG antibodies (14.5 % vs. 6.2 %, P < 0.0001) and HEV RNA (7.6 % vs. 1.5 %, P < 0.0001). Regional analysis showed varying trends, with no HEV RNA-positive boars found in several regions in recent years. A plausible factor contributing to the decline in HEV infection is the application of countermeasures, including installing fences to prevent intrusion into pig farms, implemented in response to the emergence of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection in wild boars and domestic pigs, with incidents reported annually since 2018. Further investigation is warranted to explore the association between countermeasures to CSFV infection and the decrease in HEV infection among wild boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Manri Kawakami
- Center for Liver Disease, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Okayama 700-8511, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamiichi General Hospital, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0391, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawakami
- Ayagawa National Health Insurance Sue Hospital, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa 761-2103, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Tamaru
- Nishiizu Ken-ikukai Hospital, Kamo-gun, Shizuoka 410-3514, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tottori Seikyo Hospital, Tottori, Tottori 680-0833, Japan
| | - Mizuho Shimada
- Health Care Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0434, Japan
| | | | - Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Deng H, Chen Y, Liang S, Liang X, Dang S, Liu H, Qiu J. Near full-length genome analysis of HEV 4b subtype in pigs showed a similarity up to 99.944% compared to a patient in Guangdong province, China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29777. [PMID: 38949212 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a prevalent pathogen responsible for acute viral hepatitis, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 infections causing zoonotic infections. Currently, the nucleotide similarity analysis between humans and pigs for HEV genotype 4 is limited. In this study, stool samples from an HEV-infected patient who is a pig farmer and from pigs were collected to obtain the near full-length genome of HEV, phylogenetic trees were constructed for genotyping, and similarity of HEV sequences was analyzed. The results showed that HEV-RNA was detected in the stool samples from the patient and six pigs (6/30, 20.0%). Both HEV subtype in the patient and pigs was 4b. Additionally, similarity analysis showed that the range was 99.875%-99.944% between the patient and pigs at the nucleotide level. Four isolates of amino acid sequences (ORFs 1-3) from pigs were 100% identical to the patient. Phylogenetic tree and similarity analysis of an additional nine HEV sequences isolated from other patients in this region showed that the HEV sequence from the pig farmer had the closest relationship with the pigs from his farm rather than other sources of infection in this region. This study provides indirect evidences for HEV subtype 4b can be transmitted from pigs to humans at the nucleotide level. Further research is needed to explore the characteristics of different HEV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanting Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyuan Dang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District, Foshan City), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatology Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiuxiang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhao X, Li M, Haihambo N, Wang X, Wang B, Sun M, Guo M, Han C. Periodic Characteristics of Hepatitis Virus Infections From 2013 to 2020 and Their Association With Meteorological Factors in Guangdong, China: Surveillance Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e45199. [PMID: 37318858 DOI: 10.2196/45199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, liver disease has gradually become one of the major causes of death and illness worldwide. Hepatitis is one of the most common liver diseases in China. There have been intermittent and epidemic outbreaks of hepatitis worldwide, with a tendency toward cyclical recurrences. This periodicity poses challenges to epidemic prevention and control. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the periodic characteristics of the hepatitis epidemic and local meteorological elements in Guangdong, China, which is a representative province with the largest population and gross domestic product in China. METHODS Time series data sets from January 2013 to December 2020 for 4 notifiable infectious diseases caused by hepatitis viruses (ie, hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses) and monthly data of meteorological elements (ie, temperature, precipitation, and humidity) were used in this study. Power spectrum analysis was conducted on time series data, and correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the epidemics and meteorological elements. RESULTS The 4 hepatitis epidemics showed clear periodic phenomena in the 8-year data set in connection with meteorological elements. Based on the correlation analysis, temperature demonstrated the strongest correlation with hepatitis A, B, and C epidemics, while humidity was most significantly associated with the hepatitis E epidemic. Regression analysis revealed a positive and significant coefficient between temperature and hepatitis A, B, and C epidemics in Guangdong, while humidity had a strong and significant association with the hepatitis E epidemic, and its relationship with temperature was relatively weak. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying different hepatitis epidemics and their connection to meteorological factors. This understanding can help guide local governments in predicting and preparing for future epidemics based on weather patterns and potentially aid in the development of effective prevention measures and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Xinni Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meirong Sun
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrou Guo
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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Wu JY, Meng XX, Wei YR, Bolati H, Lau EHY, Yang XY. Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Viruses 2022; 15:78. [PMID: 36680118 PMCID: PMC9867238 DOI: 10.3390/v15010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes infections in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Wild boar is an important natural reservoir of HEV genotypes 3−6 (HEV-3−HEV-6), but comparative analysis of HEV infections in both feral and farmed wild boars remains limited. In this study, samples from 599 wild boars were collected during 2017−2020, including 121 feral wild boars (collected 121 fecal, 121 serum, and 89 liver samples) and 478 farmed wild boars (collected 478 fecal and 478 serum samples). The presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by the HEV-IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. HEV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), targeting the partial ORF1 genes from fecal and liver samples, and the obtained genes were further genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that 76.2% (95% CI 72.1−79.9) of farmed wild boars tested anti-HEV IgG seropositive, higher than that in feral wild boars (42.1%, 95% CI 33.2−51.5, p < 0.001). HEV seropositivity increased with age. Wild boar HEV infection presented a significant geographical difference (p < 0.001), but not between sex (p = 0.656) and age (p = 0.347). HEV RNA in fecal samples was detected in 13 (2.2%, 95% CI 1.2−3.7) out of 599 wild boars: 0.8% (95% CI 0.0−4.5, 1/121) of feral wild boars and 2.5% (95% CI 1.3−4.3, 12/478) of farmed wild boars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all these viruses belonged to genotype HEV-4, and further grouped into sub-genotypes HEV-4a, HEV-4d, and HEV-4h, of which HEV-4a was first discovered in the wild boar populations in China. Our results suggested that farms could be a setting for amplification of HEV. The risk of HEV zoonotic transmission via rearing and consumption of farmed wild boars should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Meng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Yu-Rong Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Hongduzi Bolati
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Eric H. Y. Lau
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xue-Yun Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830013, China
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Tan J, Chen Y, Wang L, Chan TC, Amer S, Xu X, Cai J, Li W, Zheng X, Zhou M, Qin S, Zhao N, Miao Z, Liu S. Acute sporadic hepatitis E in the Zhejiang coastal area of China: a 14-year hospital-based surveillance study. Virol J 2019; 16:16. [PMID: 30717759 PMCID: PMC6360671 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the epidemiological trends and changes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and the potential risk factors for severe infection in the Zhejiang eastern coastal area of China. METHODS We analyzed statutory hepatitis E cases notifications and inpatient data held by the national surveillance and hospital information systems in Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningbo, and Zhoushan cities of the Zhejiang eastern coastal area of China. RESULTS Nine thousand four hundred sixteen hepatitis E cases were reported from 2004 to 2017, with an average incidence of 2.94 per 100,000. The overall death rate was 0.06% (6/9416). A gradual decline of hepatitis E cases was found in the coastal areas since 2007, while a rise was identified in the non-coastal areas. Annual incidence in non-coastal cities was much higher than that in coastal cities (4.345 vs. 2.945 per 100,000, relative risk = 1.5, P value < 0.001). The mean age was 52 years old and 50.55 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.32:1 and 2.21:1 in coastal and noncoastal areas respectively (all P > 0.05). Hepatitis E cases prevalence increased with age, highest among men in their 70s (9.02 vs. 11.33 per 100,000) and women in their 60s (3.94 vs. 4.66 per 100,000) groups for both coastal and noncoastal areas respectively. A clear seasonal pattern was observed, with a peak in March (0.4429 per 100,000) in coastal areas. 202 inpatients were documented, of which 50.50% (102/202) were severe cases. Male individuals with alcohol consumption, alcohol hepatic diseases, and superinfection were the three independent highest risks for severe infections (all with P value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is to our knowledge the largest epidemiological study of hepatitis E cases in the eastern coastal area of Zhejiang province of China. The patterns of infection across the coastal areas were similar to those of the non-coastal areas, but the incidence was substantially lower and decreased gradually since 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, (310051), Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, (310051), Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- The Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuwen Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, (310051), Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Miao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, (310051), Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, (310051), Zhejiang Province, China.
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Liu L, Xiao D, Yu JH, Shen R, Wang M, Li Q. Clinical course of sporadic acute hepatitis E in a hepatitis B virus endemic region. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 70:107-114. [PMID: 29551632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In China, the epidemic pattern of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has changed from waterborne outbreaks to foodborne sporadic cases. However, the clinical course of sporadic acute hepatitis E (AHE) has not been well defined. METHODS Consecutive patients with AHE who were admitted to the Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province between January 2003 and December 2014 were evaluated and followed. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, results of laboratory tests, and outcomes were recorded. Risk factors for liver failure and death were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 680 patients with AHE were identified during the study period. The incidence was highest in February, March, and April, accounting for about 41% of the cases. The male to female ratio was 5.1:1 (574/106). The average age was 50.9±12.8years. The prevalence rates of prodromal fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and jaundice were 25.6%, 85.6%, 83.8%, and 92.8%, respectively. The median (range) serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, and platelet levels were 727 (8-6270) U/l, 300 (17-6226) U/l, 196.8 (8.0-1083) μmol/l, 33.0 (15.2-45.8) g/l, and 162 (10-589)×109/l, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 18.5% (126/680) and of liver cirrhosis was 9.4% (64/680). Thirteen percent (89/680) of the cases progressed to liver failure, including 4.1% (28/680) with acute liver failure (ALF) and 9.0% (61/680) with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Among patients with HBsAg positivity or cirrhosis, 28.6% (36/126) and 36.0% (23/64), respectively, progressed to ACLF. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that age >53years, prodromal fever, HBsAg positivity, cirrhosis, and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150×109/l) were independently associated with the development of liver failure, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.5 (1.5-4.3), 1.9 (1.1-3.2), 3.7 (2.0-6.7), 2.1 (1.1-4.2), and 5.9 (3.3-10.4), respectively. The overall mortality was 5.6% (38/680), and the mortality rates in patients with and without underlying liver disease were 9.3% (22/237) and 3.6% (16/443), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that hepatic encephalopathy, bilirubin >500μmol/l, international normalized ratio (INR)>2, and severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100×109/l) were independently associated with death, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 7.2 (2.4-21.8), 5.8 (1.9-17.2), 24.1 (7.9-73.3), and 10.8 (3.6-32.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In areas that are dual endemic for hepatitis B virus and HEV, the HEV vaccine for patients with obvious liver diseases is of significance. Thrombocytopenia is an important predictor of liver failure and mortality in sporadic AHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Yang D, Jiang M, Jin M, Qiu ZG, Shen ZQ, Cui WH, Wang DN, Gong LF, Li B, Wang XW, Li JW. Seroprevalence and evolutionary dynamics of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus in Shandong Province, China. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7955-7963. [PMID: 24976732 PMCID: PMC4069323 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the seroprevalence and evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and assess the ancestor of HEVs in China’s Shandong Province.
METHODS: A total of 2028 serum, 60 fecal and 82 bile samples were collected from the general human population, patients and swine, respectively. This seroepidemiological study was conducted using an immunnosorbent assay and HEV RNA was detected by the reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) method. Complete genome sequences of the prevalent strains (CH-YT-HEV01, CH-YT-HEV02 and CH-YT-sHEV01) were determined, and the sequences were analyzed phylogenetically. In addition, the evolutionary dynamics of three HEV isolates were determined using the framework of coalescent analysis in the program package BEAST, and the time of the most recent common ancestors (TMRCAs) of China-indigenous genotype 4 HEV isolates was calculated.
RESULTS: The overall viral burden in the general human population was 0.1%, and the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and IgM in the serum specimens were 25.1% (509/2028) and 2.3% (51/2028), respectively. In addition, IgG positivity increased with age. The phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length nucleotide sequences showed that the strain CH-YT-HEV02 was directly related to CH-YT-sHEV01 with a 94% identity, suggesting that they were involved in cross-species transmission. The isolate CH-YT-HEV01 was close to HB-3 and CHN-SD-sHEV with a bootstrap value of 100%, sharing a 96.1%-96.4% identity with each other. Surprisingly, the HB-3 strain was a representative strain prevalent in swine in Hubei, and the isolate CHN-SD-sHEV was obtained from swine in Shandong in a previous report. TMRCA for the clade of CH-YT-HEV01 and HB-3 was 2003, which was consistent with the TMRCA for the clade of CHN-SD-sHEV and HB-3, and they were both earlier than the TMRCA for the clade of CH-YT-HEV01 and CHN-SD-sHEV (2004).
CONCLUSION: The strains CH-YT-HEV01, CHN-SD-sHEV and HB-3 are involved in trans-regional transmission, and the ancestors of HEVs in Shandong come from Hubei Province.
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Zhuang W, Ding X, Lyu C, Xiang L, Teng H, Li J. Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence among blood donors in Jiangsu Province, East China. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 26:9-11. [PMID: 24981426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for over 50% of acute viral hepatitis cases, and the blood transfusion route has emerged as a possible means of sporadic HEV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in East China. METHODS Blood samples were collected consecutively between January and June 2011 from 486 blood donors living in Jiangsu Province, East China. Anti-HEV IgG was tested by ELISA. RESULTS One hundred and thirteen blood donors developed HEV IgG antibody, indicating the prevalence of HEV IgG seropositivity to be 23.3%. HEV IgG seropositivity was 25.3% (90/356) in the male group, significantly higher than that in the female group (17.7%, 23/130) (p<0.05). The donors who had donated more than 10 times had significantly higher HEV IgG seropositivity than the other groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, donors aged 50-55 years had significantly higher HEV IgG seropositivity than the other age groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We investigated HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in East China. Our data will help identify the risk factors for HEV infection and provide guidance on controlling the safety of blood transfusions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchuan Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xian Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an Second People's Hospital affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, China
| | - Chun Lyu
- Department of Hepatology, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Hairong Teng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, 223300, China.
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Basler CF, Woo PCY. Editorial overview: emerging viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2014; 5:v-vii. [PMID: 24680706 PMCID: PMC7128464 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Basler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, Madison Avenue & 100th Street, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Chow CW, Tsang SWC, Tsang OTY, Leung VKS, Fung KSC, Luk WK, Chau TN. Comparison of acute hepatitis E infection outcome in patients with and without chronic hepatitis B infection: a 10 year retrospective study in three regional hospitals in Hong Kong. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:4-10. [PMID: 24646686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has recently become the commonest cause of acute viral hepatitis in Hong Kong (HK) with majority of HEV belonging to genotype 4. Studies from China have shown that acute hepatitis E patients with underlying chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may have a worse outcome than those without. In India where genotype 1 is more prevalent, superinfection with hepatitis E on patients with chronic liver disease including chronic hepatitis B infection can cause liver decompensation. OBJECTIVES The study aims to determine the clinical outcome of acute hepatitis E infection in patients with and without chronic hepatitis B infection in HK. STUDY DESIGN The rates of liver failure, liver-related mortality and all-cause mortality will be compared between acute hepatitis E patients with and without chronic hepatitis B. Analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 12.0). All statistical tests were two-sided, and statistical significance was taken as p<0.05. RESULTS Chronic HBV carriers with acute HEV infection were found to have higher liver failure rate, liver-related mortality and all-cause mortality, but the results did not reach statistical significance. Chronic HBV carriers were found to have statistically significantly lower admission ALT level, lower day 28 serum albumin level and higher day 28 serum ALT level. CONCLUSIONS A prospective study with sufficient sample size is needed to confirm whether the clinical outcome of patients with chronic HBV infection is worse compared with patients who were not chronic HBV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wing Chow
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | | | - Owen Tak-Yin Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vincent King-Sun Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kitty Sau-Chun Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wei-Kwang Luk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tai-Nin Chau
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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11
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Yang D, Jiang M, Jin M, Qiu Z, Cui W, Shen Z, Li B, Gong L, Chen Z, Wang X, Li JW. Full-length sequence analysis of hepatitis E virus isolates: showing potential determinants of virus genotype and identity. Virus Genes 2013; 47:414-21. [PMID: 23888309 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a genotype 4 strain of hepatitis E virus (CH-YT-HEV02) from a patient (in Yantai, China) has been determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CH-YT-HEV02 belongs to genotype 4, subtype 4a. However, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was most closely related to JKO-CHiSai98C (AB197673) strain, sharing only 91.6% sequence identity with it. Judging from the phylogenetic tree based on the full-length nucleotide sequences of all 70 genotype 4 HEV isolates retrieved from GenBank up to May, 2013, the CH-YT-HEV02 isolates could serve as a Yantai-indigenous strain. A broader comparison with other genotype isolates revealed that there are a few conserved amino acids in the HVR region of different HEV genotypes, and two amino acid motifs in ORF2 and ORF3 might serve as signatures of genotype diversity of HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, No. 1, Dali Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
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12
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Bu Q, Wang X, Wang L, Liu P, Geng J, Wang M, Han J, Zhu Y, Zhuang H. Hepatitis E virus genotype 4 isolated from a patient with liver failure: full-length sequence analysis showing potential determinants of virus pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2012; 158:165-72. [PMID: 23053518 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The full-length genome sequence of a genotype 4 strain of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) (CHN-NJ-H2011) from a patient (in Nanjing, China) with liver failure has been determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CHN-NJ-H2011 belongs to genotype 4, subtype 4h. Comparative sequence analysis carried out on a 301-bp fragment of ORF2 showed that CHN-NJ-H2011 shares high nucleotide sequence identity (94.3-94.7 %) with porcine viruses (ch-shsw1 and Ch-estw2) isolated in the same geographical region, pointing to the strong possibility of zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 4. A broader comparison with other genotype 4 isolates revealed 12 unique amino acid substitutions in ORF1 and three in ORF2 that might serve as signatures of disease severity for genotype 4 HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Bu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Infectious Disease Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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