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Shoushtari M, Roohvand F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Arashkia A, Bakhshi H, Azadmanesh K. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines as forefront approaches in fighting the battle against flaviviruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079323. [PMID: 35714271 PMCID: PMC9481145 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that have been recently considered among the significant public health problems in defined geographical regions. In this line, there have been vaccines approved for some flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), although the efficiency of such vaccines thought to be questionable. Surprisingly, there are no effective vaccine for many other hazardous flaviviruses, including West Nile and Zika viruses. Furthermore, in spite of approved vaccines for some flaviviruses, for example DENV, alternative prophylactic vaccines seem to be still needed for the protection of a broader population, and it originates from the unsatisfying safety, and the efficacy of vaccines that have been introduced. Thus, adenovirus vector-based vaccine candidates are suggested to be effective, safe, and reliable. Interestingly, recent widespread use of adenovirus vector-based vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance and feasibility of their widespread application. In this review, the applicability of adenovirus vector-based vaccines, as promising approaches to harness the diseases caused by Flaviviruses, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Welner S, Ruggli N, Liniger M, Summerfield A, Larsen LE, Jungersen G. Reduced Virus Load in Lungs of Pigs Challenged with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus after Vaccination with Virus Replicon Particles Encoding Conserved PRRSV Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030208. [PMID: 33801369 PMCID: PMC8000205 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes severe respiratory distress and reproductive failure in swine. Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines provide the highest degree of protection and are most often the preferred choice. While somewhat protective, the use of MLVs is accompanied by multiple safety issues, why safer alternatives are urgently needed. Here, we describe the generation of virus replicon particles (VRPs) based on a classical swine fever virus genome incapable of producing infectious progeny and designed to express conserved PRRSV-2 cytotoxic T-cell epitopes. Eighteen pigs matched with the epitopes by their swine leucocyte antigen-profiles were vaccinated (N = 11, test group) or sham-vaccinated (N = 7, control group) with the VRPs and subsequently challenged with PRRSV-2. The responses to vaccination and challenge were monitored using serological, immunological, and virological analyses. Challenge virus load in serum did not differ significantly between the groups, whereas the virus load in the caudal part of the lung was significantly lower in the test group compared to the control group. The number of peptide-induced interferon-γ secreting cells after challenge was higher and more frequent in the test group than in the control group. Together, our results provide indications of a shapeable PRRSV-specific cell-mediated immune response that may inspire future development of effective PRRSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Welner
- Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 88, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; (N.R.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; (N.R.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; (N.R.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Erik Larsen
- Section for Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 88, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
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Jiang X, Xia S, He X, Ma H, Feng Y, Liu Z, Wang W, Tian M, Chen H, Peng F, Wang L, Zhao P, Ge J, Liu D. Targeting peptide‐enhanced antibody and CD11c+dendritic cells to inclusion bodies expressing protective antigen against ETEC in mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:2836-2847. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800289rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
- Postdoctoral WorkstationHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
- Department of Preventive Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xinmiao He
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Ziguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Ming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
- Postdoctoral WorkstationHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Heshu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Fugang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Junwei Ge
- Department of Preventive Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
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Banerjee S, Sen Gupta PS, Bandyopadhyay AK. Insight into SNPs and epitopes of E protein of newly emerged genotype-I isolates of JEV from Midnapur, West Bengal, India. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28264652 PMCID: PMC5339996 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in humans. Genotype-I (as co-circulating cases with Genotype-III) was isolated in 2010 (JEV28, JEV21) and then in 2011 (JEV45) from Midnapur district, West Bengal (WB) for the first time from clinical patients who were previously been vaccinated with live attenuated SA14-14-2 strain. We apply bioinformatics and immunoinformatics on sequence and structure of E protein for analysis of crucial substitutions that might cause the genotypic transition, affecting protein-function and altering specificity of epitopes. RESULTS Although frequency of substitutions in E glycoprotein of JEV28, JEV21 and JEV45 isolates vary, its homologous patterns remain exactly similar as earlier Japan isolate (Ishikawa). Sequence and 3D model-structure based analyses of E protein show that only four of all substitutions are critical for genotype-I specific effect of which N103K is common among all isolates indicating its role in the transition of genotype-III to genotype-I. Predicted B-cell and T-cell epitopes are seen to harbor these critical substitutions that affect overall conformational stability of the protein. These epitopes were subjected to conservation analyses using a large set of the protein from Asian continent. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies crucial substitutions that contribute to the emergence of genotype-I. Predicted epitopes harboring these substitutions may alter specificity which might be the reason of reported failure of vaccine. Conservation analysis of these epitopes would be useful for design of genotype-I specific vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamashree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
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5
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Japanese encephalitis virus induces apoptosis by the IRE1/JNK pathway of ER stress response in BHK-21 cells. Arch Virol 2015; 161:699-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Han K, Zhao D, Liu Y, Huang X, Yang J, Liu Q, An F, Li Y. Design and evaluation of a polytope construct with multiple B and T epitopes against Tembusu virus infection in ducks. Res Vet Sci 2015; 104:174-80. [PMID: 26850557 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that is causing massive economic loss in Chinese poultry industry; until now, there is no effective vaccine or drug for its prevention. Epitope-based vaccination is a promising approach to achieve protective immunity and to avoid immunopathology. In present study, based on in silico epitope selection, we optimized and proposed a polytope DNA vaccine (pVAX1-rTEM) consisting B-cell and T cell epitopes from the TMUV envelope (E) protein. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of constructed polytope DNA vaccine was assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro assays, the expressed pVAX1-rTEM showed reactivity with Tembusu positive serum. Its protective efficacy against TMUV infection was evaluated in ducks. The results showed that pVAX1-rTEM was highly immunogenic and could elicit high titer neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses. These results indicate that pVAX1-rTEM may be a promising candidate vaccine for prevention of TMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Dongmin Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Fengjiao An
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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7
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Efficient production of Tymovirus like particles displaying immunodominant epitopes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus envelope protein. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 113:35-43. [PMID: 25959459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne arboviral infection caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). It is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asian countries including India. In the present study, we have used a Tymovirus [i.e. Physalis Mottle Virus (PhMV) coat protein (CP)], which forms virus like particles (VLPs) as a template to display immunodominant epitopes of JEV envelope (E) protein. The immunodominant epitopes of JEV were inserted at the N-terminus of the wild type PhMV CP, and these constructs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The chimeric proteins were purified from the inclusion bodies and evaluated for VLP formation. The purified protein was identified by Western blotting and VLP formation was studied and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Finally, the immunogenicity was studied in mice. Our results indicate that the chimeric protein with JEV epitopes assembled efficiently to form VLPs generating neutralizing antibodies. Hence, we report the purified chimeric VLP would be a potent vaccine candidate, which needs to be evaluated in a mouse challenge model.
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8
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Sánchez-Sampedro L, Perdiguero B, Mejías-Pérez E, García-Arriaza J, Di Pilato M, Esteban M. The evolution of poxvirus vaccines. Viruses 2015; 7:1726-803. [PMID: 25853483 PMCID: PMC4411676 DOI: 10.3390/v7041726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After Edward Jenner established human vaccination over 200 years ago, attenuated poxviruses became key players to contain the deadliest virus of its own family: Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox. Cowpox virus (CPXV) and horsepox virus (HSPV) were extensively used to this end, passaged in cattle and humans until the appearance of vaccinia virus (VACV), which was used in the final campaigns aimed to eradicate the disease, an endeavor that was accomplished by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980. Ever since, naturally evolved strains used for vaccination were introduced into research laboratories where VACV and other poxviruses with improved safety profiles were generated. Recombinant DNA technology along with the DNA genome features of this virus family allowed the generation of vaccines against heterologous diseases, and the specific insertion and deletion of poxvirus genes generated an even broader spectrum of modified viruses with new properties that increase their immunogenicity and safety profile as vaccine vectors. In this review, we highlight the evolution of poxvirus vaccines, from first generation to the current status, pointing out how different vaccines have emerged and approaches that are being followed up in the development of more rational vaccines against a wide range of diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Poxviridae/immunology
- Poxviridae/isolation & purification
- Smallpox/prevention & control
- Smallpox Vaccine/history
- Smallpox Vaccine/immunology
- Smallpox Vaccine/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Attenuated/history
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/history
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sánchez-Sampedro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain.
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain.
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid-28049, Spain.
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Yun SI, Lee YM. Japanese encephalitis: the virus and vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:263-79. [PMID: 24161909 PMCID: PMC4185882 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus. JEV is prevalent in much of Asia and the Western Pacific, with over 4 billion people living at risk of infection. In the absence of antiviral intervention, vaccination is the only strategy to develop long-term sustainable protection against JEV infection. Over the past half-century, a mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccine has been used internationally for active immunization. To date, however, JEV is still a clinically important, emerging, and re-emerging human pathogen of global significance. In recent years, production of the mouse brain-derived vaccine has been discontinued, but 3 new cell culture-derived vaccines are available in various parts of the world. Here we review current aspects of JEV biology, summarize the 4 types of JEV vaccine, and discuss the potential of an infectious JEV cDNA technology for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Im Yun
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences; Utah Science Technology and Research; College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences; Utah Science Technology and Research; College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA
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10
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Gu Y, Wei J, Yang J, Huang J, Yang X, Zhu X. Protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection induced by a multi-epitope vaccine in a murine model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77238. [PMID: 24130862 PMCID: PMC3795051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is one of the most important food-borne parasitic zoonoses throughout the world. Because infected pigs are the major source of human infections, and China is becoming the largest international producer of pork, the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine to prevent swine from being infected is urgently needed for trichinellosis control in China. Our previous studies have demonstrated that specific Trichinella spiralis paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) and Ts-87 antigen could provide protective immunity against T. spiralis infection in immunized mice. Certain protective epitopes of Ts-Pmy and Ts-87 antigen have been identified. To identify more Ts-Pmy protective epitopes, a new monoclonal antibody, termed 8F12, was produced against the N-terminus of Ts-Pmy. This antibody elicited significant protective immunity in mice against T. spiralis infection by passive transfer and was subsequently used to screen a random phage display peptide library to identify recognized epitopes. Seven distinct positive phage clones were identified and their displayed peptides were sequenced. Synthesized epitope peptides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were used to immunize mice, four of which exhibited larval reduction (from 18.7% to 26.3%, respectively) in vaccinated mice in comparison to the KLH control. To increase more effective protection, the epitope 8F7 that was found to induce the highest protection in this study was combined with two other previously identified epitopes (YX1 from Ts-Pmy and M7 from Ts-87) to formulate a multi-epitope vaccine. Mice immunized with this multi-epitope vaccine experienced a 35.0% reduction in muscle larvae burden after being challenged with T. spiralis larvae. This protection is significantly higher than that induced by individual-epitope peptides and is associated with high levels of subclasses IgG and IgG1. These results showed that a multi-epitope vaccine induced better protective immunity than an individual epitope and provided a feasible approach for developing a safer and more effective vaccine against trichinellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junfei Wei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Cong H. Advances in the study of HLA-restricted epitope vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2566-77. [PMID: 23955319 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a proven strategy for protection from disease. An ideal vaccine would include antigens that elicit a safe and effective protective immune response. HLA-restricted epitope vaccines, which include T-lymphocyte epitopes restricted by HLA alleles, represent a new and promising immunization approach. In recent years, research in HLA-restricted epitope vaccines for the treatment of tumors and for the prevention of viral, bacterial, and parasite-induced infectious diseases have achieved substantial progress. Approaches for the improvement of the immunogenicity of epitope vaccines include (1) improving the accuracy of the methods used for the prediction of epitopes, (2) making use of additional HLA-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes, (3) the inclusion of specific CD4(+) T-cell epitopes, (4) adding B-cell epitopes to the vaccine construction, (5) finding more effective adjuvants and delivery systems, (6) using immunogenic carrier proteins, and (7) using multiple proteins as epitopes sources. In this manuscript, we review recent research into HLA-restricted epitope vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhao
- Department of Human Parasitology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Human Parasitology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Human Parasitology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Shandong, P.R. China
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