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Long NH, Lee SJ. Targeting casein kinase 1 for cancer therapy: current strategies and future perspectives. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244775. [PMID: 38023245 PMCID: PMC10666751 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. The dysregulation of CK1 expression has been implicated in the development and progression of several types of cancer, making it an attractive target for anticancer therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current strategies employed to target CK1 for cancer therapy and discuss the future perspectives in this field. We highlight the different approaches, including small molecule inhibitors, RNA interference, genome editing, and immunotherapies, which hold immense potential for targeted modulation of CK1 activity in cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with targeting CK1 and propose potential strategies to overcome these hurdles. Overall, targeting CK1 holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, and further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Schulte AM, Kolarski D, Sundaram V, Srivastava A, Tama F, Feringa BL, Szymanski W. Light-Control over Casein Kinase 1δ Activity with Photopharmacology: A Clear Case for Arylazopyrazole-Based Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105326. [PMID: 35628143 PMCID: PMC9140716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are responsible for healthy cellular processes and signalling pathways, and their dysfunction is the basis of many pathologies. There are numerous small molecule inhibitors of protein kinases that systemically regulate dysfunctional signalling processes. However, attaining selectivity in kinase inhibition within the complex human kinome is still a challenge that inspires unconventional approaches. One of those approaches is photopharmacology, which uses light-controlled bioactive molecules to selectively activate drugs only at the intended space and time, thereby avoiding side effects outside of the irradiated area. Still, in the context of kinase inhibition, photopharmacology has thus far been rather unsuccessful in providing light-controlled drugs. Here, we present the discovery and optimisation of a photoswitchable inhibitor of casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ), important for the control of cell differentiation, circadian rhythm, DNA repair, apoptosis, and numerous other signalling processes. Varying the position at which the light-responsive azobenzene moiety has been introduced into a known CK1δ inhibitor, LH846, revealed the preferred regioisomer for efficient photo-modulation of inhibitory activity, but the photoswitchable inhibitor suffered from sub-optimal (photo)chemical properties. Replacement of the bis-phenyl azobenzene group with the arylazopyrazole moiety yielded a superior photoswitch with very high photostationary state distributions, increased solubility and a 10-fold difference in activity between irradiated and thermally adapted samples. The reasons behind those findings are explored with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Results described here show how the evaluation of privileged molecular architecture, followed by the optimisation of the photoswitchable unit, is a valuable strategy for the challenging design of the photoswitchable kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M. Schulte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dušan Kolarski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vidya Sundaram
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Florence Tama
- Institute of Transformative BioMolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, RIKEN-Center for Computational Science, Chuo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.F.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.L.F.); (W.S.)
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3
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Giraud F, Pereira E, Anizon F, Moreau P. Recent Advances in Pain Management: Relevant Protein Kinases and Their Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092696. [PMID: 34064521 PMCID: PMC8124620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to underline the protein kinases that have been established, either in fundamental approach or clinical trials, as potential biological targets in pain management. Protein kinases are presented according to their group in the human kinome: TK (Trk, RET, EGFR, JAK, VEGFR, SFK, BCR-Abl), CMGC (p38 MAPK, MEK, ERK, JNK, ASK1, CDK, CLK2, DYRK1A, GSK3, CK2), AGC (PKA, PKB, PKC, PKMζ, PKG, ROCK), CAMK, CK1 and atypical/other protein kinases (IKK, mTOR). Examples of small molecule inhibitors of these biological targets, demonstrating an analgesic effect, are described. Altogether, this review demonstrates the fundamental role that protein kinase inhibitors could play in the development of new pain treatments.
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Li SS, Dong YH, Liu ZP. Recent Advances in the Development of Casein Kinase 1 Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1585-1604. [PMID: 32660395 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200713185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The casein kinase 1 (CK1) family is involved in regulating many cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, DNA damage repair, cytoskeleton dynamics, cytoskeleton maintenance and apoptosis. CK1 isoforms, especially CK1δ and CK1ε have emerged as important therapeutic targets for severe disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), familial advanced sleep phase syndrome and cancer. Due to the importance of CK1 for the pathogenesis of disorders, there are great interests in the development of CK1 inhibitors. METHODS Using SciFinder® as a tool, the publications about the biology of CK1 and the recent developments of CK1 inhibitors were surveyed with an exclusion of those published as patents. RESULTS This review presents the current state of knowledge on the development of CK1 inhibitors, including both synthetic small molecular inhibitors that were divided into 7 categories according to structural features, and the natural compounds. An overview of the advancement of CK1 inhibitors was given, with the introduction of various existing CK1 inhibitors, their inhibitory activities, and the structure-activity relationships. CONCLUSION Through physicochemical characterization and biological investigations, it is possible to understand the structure-activity relationship of CK1 inhibitors, which will contribute to better design and discovery of potent and selective CK1 inhibitors as potential agents for severe disorders such as AD, ALS and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yue-Hui Dong
- Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Zhao-Peng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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5
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Saegusa H, Li X, Wang X, Kayakiri M, Tanabe T. Knockdown of microglial Cav2.2 N-type voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel ameliorates behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2914-2922. [PMID: 32484574 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cav2.2 N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) expressed in neurons is known to be essential for neurotransmitter release. We have shown previously that this channel is also expressed in nonexcitable microglia and plays pivotal roles in microglial functions. Here, we have examined the effects of microglia-specific knockdown (KD) of Cav2.2 channel in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that the KD of Cav2.2 channel reduces the accumulation of microglia in the substantia nigra and ameliorates the behavioral deficits in PD model mice. These results are in marked contrast with those found in microglia-specific KD of Cav1.2 L-type channel, where exacerbated symptoms are observed. Our results suggest that blockade of microglial Cav2.2 N-type VDCC is beneficial for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Saegusa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xinshuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Kayakiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Xu P, Ianes C, Gärtner F, Liu C, Burster T, Bakulev V, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Structure, regulation, and (patho-)physiological functions of the stress-induced protein kinase CK1 delta (CSNK1D). Gene 2019; 715:144005. [PMID: 31376410 PMCID: PMC7939460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved pleiotropic CK1 family of serine/threonine-specific kinases are tightly regulated in the cell and play crucial regulatory roles in multiple cellular processes from protozoa to human. Since their dysregulation as well as mutations within their coding regions contribute to the development of various different pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, they have become interesting new drug targets within the last decade. However, to develop optimized CK1 isoform-specific therapeutics in personalized therapy concepts, a detailed knowledge of the regulation and functions of the different CK1 isoforms, their various splice variants and orthologs is mandatory. In this review we will focus on the stress-induced CK1 isoform delta (CK1δ), thereby addressing its regulation, physiological functions, the consequences of its deregulation for the development and progression of diseases, and its potential as therapeutic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Chiara Ianes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, Technology for Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 19 Mirastr., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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7
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Huntula S, Saegusa H, Wang X, Zong S, Tanabe T. Involvement of N-type Ca 2+ channel in microglial activation and its implications to aging-induced exaggerated cytokine response. Cell Calcium 2019; 82:102059. [PMID: 31377554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) is generally believed to be active only in excitable cells. However, we have reported recently that N-type VDCC (Cav2.2) could become functional in non-excitable cells under pathological conditions. In the present study, we show that Cav2.2 channels are also functional in physiological microglial activation process. By using a mouse microglial cell line (MG6), we examined the effects of a Cav2.2 blocker on the activation of MG6 cells, when treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / interferon γ (IFNγ) or with interleukin-4 (IL-4). As a result, blocking the activation of Cav2.2 enhanced so-called alternative activation process of microglia (transition to neuroprotective M2 microglia) without changing the efficacy of the transition to neuroinflammatory M1 microglia. This enhanced M2 transition involved the activation of a transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 2 (HIF-2), since a specific blocker of HIF-2 completely abolished this enhancement. We then examined whether Cav2.2 activation was involved in aging-related neuroinflammation. Using primary culture of microglia, we found that the efficacy of microglial M1 transition was enhanced but that M2 transition was reduced by aging, in agreement with a general notion that aging induces enhanced neuroinflammation. Finally, we show here that the moderate blockade of Cav2.2 expression in microglia restores this age-dependent reduction of microglial M2 transition and reduces the aging-induced exaggerated cytokine response, as revealed by a fast recovery from depressive-like behaviors in microglia-specific Cav2.2 deficient mice. These results suggest a critical role for microglial Cav2.2 channel in the aging-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaraporn Huntula
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hironao Saegusa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Xinshuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shuqin Zong
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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8
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5-HT 2A Receptor-Induced Morphological Reorganization of PKCγ-Expressing Interneurons Gates Inflammatory Mechanical Allodynia in Rat. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10489-10504. [PMID: 30355630 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1294-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia, a widespread pain symptom that still lacks effective therapy, is associated with the activation of a dorsally directed polysynaptic circuit within the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) or medullary dorsal horn (MDH), whereby tactile inputs into deep SDH/MDH can gain access to superficial SDH/MDH, eliciting pain. Inner lamina II (IIi) interneurons expressing the γ isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ+) are key elements for allodynia circuits, but how they operate is still unclear. Combining behavioral, ex vivo electrophysiological, and morphological approaches in an adult rat model of facial inflammatory pain (complete Freund's adjuvant, CFA), we show that the mechanical allodynia observed 1 h after CFA injection is associated with the following (1) sensitization (using ERK1/2 phosphorylation as a marker) and (2) reduced dendritic arborizations and enhanced spine density in exclusively PKCγ+ interneurons, but (3) depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP) in all lamina IIi PKCγ+/PKCγ- interneurons. Blocking MDH 5HT2A receptors (5-HT2AR) prevents facial mechanical allodynia and associated changes in the morphology of PKCγ+ interneurons, but not depolarized RMP in lamina IIi interneurons. Finally, activation of MDH 5-HT2AR in naive animals is enough to reproduce the behavioral allodynia and morphological changes in PKCγ+ interneurons, but not the electrophysiological changes in lamina IIi interneurons, induced by facial inflammation. This suggests that inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia involves strong morphological reorganization of PKCγ+ interneurons via 5-HT2AR activation that contributes to open the gate for transmission of innocuous mechanical inputs to superficial SDH/MDH pain circuitry. Preventing 5-HT2AR-induced structural plasticity in PKCγ+ interneurons might represent new avenues for the specific treatment of inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inflammatory or neuropathic pain syndromes are characterized by pain hypersensitivity such as mechanical allodynia (pain induced by innocuous mechanical stimuli). It is generally assumed that mechanisms underlying mechanical allodynia, because they are rapid, must operate at only the level of functional reorganization of spinal or medullary dorsal horn (MDH) circuits. We discovered that facial inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia is associated with rapid and strong structural remodeling of specifically interneurons expressing the γ isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ) within MDH inner lamina II. Moreover, we elucidated a 5-HT2A receptor to PKCγ/ERK1/2 pathway leading to the behavioral allodynia and correlated morphological changes in PKCγ interneurons. Therefore, descending 5-HT sensitize PKCγ interneurons, a putative "gate" in allodynia circuits, via 5-HT2A receptor-induced structural reorganization.
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9
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Jiang S, Zhang M, Sun J, Yang X. Casein kinase 1α: biological mechanisms and theranostic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:23. [PMID: 29793495 PMCID: PMC5968562 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the CK1 protein family that is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. It regulates signaling pathways related to membrane trafficking, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism, and differentiation in development, circadian rhythm, and the immune response as well as neurodegeneration and cancer. Given its involvement in diverse cellular, physiological, and pathological processes, CK1α is a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize what is known of the biological functions of CK1α, and provide an overview of existing challenges and potential opportunities for advancing theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China. .,Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Intervention Research, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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10
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Orai1 Plays a Crucial Role in Central Sensitization by Modulating Neuronal Excitability. J Neurosci 2017; 38:887-900. [PMID: 29229703 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3007-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain is a common and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed. Central sensitization is an important mechanism underlying pathological pain. However, candidate molecules involved in central sensitization remain unclear. Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) mediate important calcium signals in nonexcitable and excitable cells. SOCs have been implicated in a wide variety of human pathophysiological conditions, including immunodeficiency, occlusive vascular diseases, and cancer. However, the role of SOCs in CNS disorders has been relatively unexplored. Orai1, a key component of SOCs, is expressed in the human and rodent spinal cord dorsal horn, but its functional significance in dorsal horn neurons is poorly understood. Here we sought to explore a potential role of Orai1 in the modulation of neuronal excitability and A-type potassium channels involved in pain plasticity. Using both male and female Orai1 knock-out mice, we found that activation of Orai1 increased neuronal excitability and reduced A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC-ERK) pathway in dorsal horn neurons. Orai1 deficiency significantly decreased acute pain induced by noxious stimuli, nearly eliminated the second phase of formalin-induced nociceptive response, markedly attenuated carrageenan-induced ipsilateral pain hypersensitivity and abolished carrageenan-induced contralateral mechanical allodynia. Consistently, carrageenan-induced increase in neuronal excitability was abolished in the dorsal horn from Orai1 mutant mice. These findings uncover a novel signaling pathway involved in the pain process and central sensitization. Our study also reveals a novel link among Orai1, ERK, A-type potassium channels, and neuronal excitability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Orai1 is a key component of store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) in many cell types. It has been implicated in such pathological conditions as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the role of Orai1 in CNS disorders remains poorly understood. The functional significance of Orai1 in neurons is elusive. Here we demonstrate that activation of Orai1 modulates neuronal excitability and Kv4-containing A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC-ERK) pathway. Genetic knock-out of Orai1 nearly eliminates the second phase of formalin-induced pain and markedly attenuates carrageenan-induced pain hypersensitivity and neuronal excitability. These findings reveal a novel link between Orai1 and neuronal excitability and advance our understanding of central sensitization.
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11
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Young EE, Bryant CD, Lee SE, Peng X, Cook B, Nair HK, Dreher KJ, Zhang X, Palmer AA, Chung JM, Mogil JS, Chesler EJ, Lariviere WR. Systems genetic and pharmacological analysis identifies candidate genes underlying mechanosensation in the von Frey test. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 15:604-15. [PMID: 27231153 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical sensitivity is commonly affected in chronic pain and other neurological disorders. To discover mechanisms of individual differences in punctate mechanosensation, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the response to von Frey monofilament stimulation in BXD recombinant inbred (BXD) mice. Significant loci were detected on mouse chromosome (Chr) 5 and 15, indicating the location of underlying polymorphisms that cause heritable variation in von Frey response. Convergent evidence from public gene expression data implicates candidate genes within the loci: von Frey thresholds were strongly correlated with baseline expression of Cacna2d1, Ift27 and Csnk1e in multiple brain regions of BXD strains. Systemic gabapentin and PF-670462, which target the protein products of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e, respectively, significantly increased von Frey thresholds in a genotype-dependent manner in progenitors and BXD strains. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed differential expression of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e in multiple brain regions in progenitors and showed differential expression of Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e in the dorsal root ganglia of the progenitors and BXD strains grouped by QTL genotype. Thus, linkage mapping, transcript covariance and pharmacological testing suggest that genetic variation affecting Cacna2d1 and Csnk1e may contribute to individual differences in von Frey filament response. This study implicates Cacna2d1 and Ift27 in basal mechanosensation in line with their previously suspected role in mechanical hypersensitivity. Csnk1e is implicated for von Frey response for the first time. Further investigation is warranted to identify the specific polymorphisms involved and assess the relevance of these findings to clinical conditions of disturbed mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Lee
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - X Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Cook
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H K Nair
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K J Dreher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J M Chung
- Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - J S Mogil
- Department of Psychology and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - E J Chesler
- Mammalian Genetics & Genomics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - W R Lariviere
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Föhr KJ, Knippschild U, Herkommer A, Fauler M, Peifer C, Georgieff M, Adolph O. State-dependent block of voltage-gated sodium channels by the casein-kinase 1 inhibitor IC261. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:277-289. [PMID: 28164251 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose IC261 (3-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidenyl]-indolin-2-one) has previously been introduced as an isoform specific inhibitor of casein kinase 1 (CK1) causing cell cycle arrest or cell death of established tumor cell lines. However, it is reasonable to assume that not all antitumor activities of IC261 are mediated by the inhibition of CK1. Meanwhile there is growing evidence that functional voltage-gated sodium channels are also implicated in the progression of tumors as their blockage suppresses tumor migration and invasion of different tumor cell lines. Thus, we asked whether IC261 functionally inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels. Experimental Approach Electrophysiological experiments were performed using the patch-clamp technique at human heart muscle sodium channels heterologously expressed in human TsA cells. Key Results IC261 inhibits sodium channels in a state-dependent manner. IC261 does not interact with the open channel and has only a low affinity for the resting state of the hNav1.5 (human voltage-gated sodium channel; Kr: 120 μM). The efficacy of IC261 strongly increases with membrane depolarisation, indicating that the inactivated state is an important target. The results of different experimental approaches finally revealed an affinity of IC261 to the inactivated state between 1 and 2 μM. Conclusion and Implications IC261 inhibits sodium channels at a similar concentration necessary to reduce CK1δ/ε activity by 50% (IC50 value 1 μM). Thus, inhibition of sodium channels might contribute to the antitumor activity of IC261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Föhr
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Herkommer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Georgieff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89075, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi G Ayad
- The Center for Therapeutic Innovation, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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14
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Ghalei H, Schaub FX, Doherty JR, Noguchi Y, Roush WR, Cleveland JL, Stroupe ME, Karbstein K. Hrr25/CK1δ-directed release of Ltv1 from pre-40S ribosomes is necessary for ribosome assembly and cell growth. J Cell Biol 2015; 208:745-59. [PMID: 25778921 PMCID: PMC4362465 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε (CK1δ/ε) and their yeast homologue Hrr25 are essential for cell growth. Further, CK1δ is overexpressed in several malignancies, and CK1δ inhibitors have shown promise in several preclinical animal studies. However, the substrates of Hrr25 and CK1δ/ε that are necessary for cell growth and survival are unknown. We show that Hrr25 is essential for ribosome assembly, where it phosphorylates the assembly factor Ltv1, which causes its release from nascent 40S subunits and allows subunit maturation. Hrr25 inactivation or expression of a nonphosphorylatable Ltv1 variant blocked Ltv1 release in vitro and in vivo, and prevented entry into the translation-like quality control cycle. Conversely, phosphomimetic Ltv1 variants rescued viability after Hrr25 depletion. Finally, Ltv1 knockdown in human breast cancer cells impaired apoptosis induced by CK1δ/ε inhibitors, establishing that the antiproliferative activity of these inhibitors is due, at least in part, to disruption of ribosome assembly. These findings validate the ribosome assembly pathway as a novel target for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Ghalei
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Franz X Schaub
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Joanne R Doherty
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - M Elizabeth Stroupe
- Department of Biological Science and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 Department of Biological Science and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
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15
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Karki P, Kurihara T, Nakamachi T, Watanabe J, Asada T, Oyoshi T, Shioda S, Yoshimura M, Arita K, Miyata A. Attenuation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain behaviors in mice through activation of free fatty acid receptor GPR40. Mol Pain 2015; 11:6. [PMID: 25889021 PMCID: PMC4339434 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is suggested to function as a transmembrane receptor for medium- to long-chain free fatty acids and is implicated to play a role in free fatty acids-mediated enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreas. However, the functional role of GPR40 in nervous system including somatosensory pain signaling has not been fully examined yet. Results Intrathecal injection of GPR40 agonist (MEDICA16 or GW9508) dose-dependently reduced ipsilateral mechanical allodynia in CFA and SNL models and thermal hyperalgesia in carrageenan model. These anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects were almost completely reversed by a GPR40 antagonist, GW1100. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GPR40 is expressed in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and immunoblot analysis showed that carrageenan or CFA inflammation or spinal nerve injury resulted in increased expression of GPR40 in these areas. Patch-clamp recordings from spinal cord slices exhibited that bath-application of either MEDICA16 or GW9508 significantly decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the three pain models. Conclusions Our results indicate that GPR40 signaling pathway plays an important suppressive role in spinal nociceptive processing after inflammation or nerve injury, and that GPR40 agonists might serve as a new class of analgesics for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12990-015-0003-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Karki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Asada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Tatsuki Oyoshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Megumu Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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16
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N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in non-excitable microglial cells in mice is involved in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:142-7. [PMID: 24887565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces neuropathic pain which is characterized by tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. N-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) plays pivotal roles in the development of neuropathic pain, since mice lacking Cav2.2, the pore-forming subunit of N-type VDCC, show greatly reduced symptoms of both tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Our study on gene expression profiles of the Cav2.2 knockout (KO) spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-injury revealed altered expression of genes known to be expressed in microglia, raising an odd idea that N-type VDCC may function in not only excitable (neurons) but also non-excitable (microglia) cells in neuropathic pain state. In the present study, we have tested this idea by using a transgenic mouse line, in which suppression of Cav2.2 expression can be achieved specifically in microglia/macrophage by the application of tamoxifen. We found SNL-operated transgenic mice exhibited greatly reduced signs of tactile allodynia, whereas the degree of thermal hyperalgesia was almost the same as that of control. Immunohistochemical analysis of the transgenic lumbar spinal cord revealed reduced accumulation of Iba1-positive cells (microglia/macrophage) around the injured neurons, indicating microglial N-type VDCC is important for accumulation of microglia at the lesion sites. Although the mechanism of its activation is not clear at present, activation of N-type VDCC expressed in non-excitable microglial cells contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain.
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17
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Knippschild U, Krüger M, Richter J, Xu P, García-Reyes B, Peifer C, Halekotte J, Bakulev V, Bischof J. The CK1 Family: Contribution to Cellular Stress Response and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:96. [PMID: 24904820 PMCID: PMC4032983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed pleiotropic CK1 family play major regulatory roles in many cellular processes including DNA-processing and repair, proliferation, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As a consequence of cellular stress conditions, interaction of CK1 with the mitotic spindle is manifold increased pointing to regulatory functions at the mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, CK1 is able to alter the activity of key proteins in signal transduction and signal integration molecules. In line with this notion, CK1 is tightly connected to the regulation and degradation of β-catenin, p53, and MDM2. Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising that mutations and alterations in the expression and/or activity of CK1 isoforms are often detected in various tumor entities including cancer of the kidney, choriocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, oral cancer, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, scientific effort has enormously increased (i) to understand the regulation of CK1 and its involvement in tumorigenesis- and tumor progression-related signal transduction pathways and (ii) to develop CK1-specific inhibitors for the use in personalized therapy concepts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding CK1 regulation, function, and interaction with cellular proteins playing central roles in cellular stress-responses and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Jakob Halekotte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
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