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Haque MM, Kuppusamy P, Melemedjian OK. Disruption of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation in dorsal root ganglia drives persistent nociceptive sensitization and causes pervasive transcriptomic alterations. Pain 2024; 165:1531-1549. [PMID: 38285538 PMCID: PMC11189764 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Metabolism is inextricably linked to every aspect of cellular function. In addition to energy production and biosynthesis, metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating signal transduction and gene expression. Altered metabolic states have been shown to maintain aberrant signaling and transcription, contributing to diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Metabolic gene polymorphisms and defects are also associated with chronic pain conditions, as are increased levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the mechanisms by which NGF may modulate sensory neuron metabolism remain unclear. This study demonstrated that intraplantar NGF injection reprograms sensory neuron metabolism. Nerve growth factor suppressed mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and enhanced lactate extrusion, requiring 24 hours to increase lactate dehydrogenase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) expression. Inhibiting these metabolic enzymes reversed NGF-mediated effects. Remarkably, directly disrupting mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation induced severe, persistent allodynia, implicating this metabolic dysfunction in chronic pain. Nanopore long-read sequencing of poly(A) mRNA uncovered extensive transcriptomic changes upon metabolic disruption, including altered gene expression, splicing, and poly(A) tail lengths. By linking metabolic disturbance of dorsal root ganglia to transcriptome reprogramming, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying persistent nociceptive sensitization. These findings imply that impaired mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation may drive chronic pain, possibly by impacting transcriptomic regulation. Exploring these metabolite-driven mechanisms further might reveal novel therapeutic targets for intractable pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamunul Haque
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Panjamurthy Kuppusamy
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ohannes K. Melemedjian
- Deptartmen of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
- UM Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Feng J, Huang Y, Huang M, Li X, Amoah K, Huang Y, Jian J. Apolipoprotein Eb (On-ApoEb) protects Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109069. [PMID: 37696347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a critical targeting protein, has been found to play an essential role in the protection against infection and inflammation. However, the immune functions of ApoE against bacterial infection in fish have not been investigated. In this study, a full-length cDNA for ApoE, named On-ApoEb was cloned from Oreochromis niloticus. The predicted cDNA sequence was 831bp in length and coded for a protein of 276 amino acid residues, which shared 63.87%-98.55% identity with ApoEb from other fishes, and about 22% identity with ApoEb from mammals. On-ApoEb from O. niloticus was highly expressed in the liver and could be activated in the tissues (liver, spleen, brain, and intestine) after infection with Streptococcus agalactiae. Moreover, the results revealed that On-ApoEb could decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors, immune-related pathways, and apoptosis, while increasing the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, On-ApoEb was noted to improve the survival rate and reduce the bacterial load in the liver and spleen. These results suggested that On-ApoEb was connected with immune response and had anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Feng
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xing Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Liu S, Yang S, Zhou X, Zhu X, Xu L, Li X, Gao Z, Sun T, Wei J, Tian L, Cheng H, Wei G, Huo FQ, Liang L. Nerve injury-induced upregulation of apolipoprotein E in dorsal root ganglion participates in neuropathic pain in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109372. [PMID: 36502869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an apolipoprotein involved in lipid metabolism and is primarily responsible for lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study is to explore the role of ApoE in the pathological development of neuropathic pain. First, we examined the location of ApoE in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord in male mice using immunohistochemistry, and found that ApoE was predominantly expressed in DRG satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophages and spinal cord astrocytes. Using a spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain mouse model, we found that nerve injury caused an increase in ApoE expression in the injured DRGs, but not in the spinal cord after SNL surgery. Furthermore, we observed reduced SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity in ApoE knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting the Apoe gene sequence, which was microinjected into the DRG or administered intrathecally, not only reduced ApoE expression in DRG but also attenuated SNL-induced pain hypersensitivity. Finally, we found that a tyrosine kinase receptor AXL, which was previously demonstrated to contribute to neuropathic pain, may mediate ApoE function under neuropathic pain condition. In conclusion, our data suggest that ApoE in DRG promote pain hypersensitivity via the DRG membrane receptor AXL in neurons under neuropathic pain conditions. This study revealed a novel mechanism between lipid homeostasis and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zihao Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tingkai Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jianxiong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Guihua Wei
- Institute of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Fu-Quan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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4
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Metformin Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery in Diabetic Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Transection Injury. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, metformin was able to promote nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crushing in rats under diabetic conditions. However, a crush injury also has a strong ability to spontaneously recover. Therefore, in our present study, a model of transection injury of the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats was utilized to detect whether metformin could still promote nerve regeneration. Diabetes was induced via an injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin in rats. After transection injury of the sciatic nerve, the rats were randomly divided into a high-dose metformin group (500 mg/kg/d), mid-dose metformin group (200 mg/kg/d), low-dose metformin group (30 mg/kg/d) and control group (normal saline). The metformin or normal saline was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks. Then, behavioral, electrophysiological and morphometric analyses were performed. The results showed that metformin could significantly promote functional restoration and axonal regeneration of the sciatic nerve after transection injury under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, high doses and middle doses of metformin presented more of this ability than a low dose of metformin. In conclusion, metformin is able to accelerate sciatic nerve repair after transection injury under diabetic conditions, showing the therapeutic potential of metformin in the management of nerve injuries during diabetes mellitus.
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5
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Hasanvand A. The role of AMPK-dependent pathways in cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: a new perspective for treatment and prevention of diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:775-788. [PMID: 35419709 PMCID: PMC9007580 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin can suppress gluconeogenesis and reduce blood sugar by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inducing small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression in the liver cells. The main mechanism of metformin’s action is related to its activation of the AMPK enzyme and regulation of the energy balance. AMPK is a heterothermic serine/threonine kinase made of a catalytic alpha subunit and two subunits of beta and a gamma regulator. This enzyme can measure the intracellular ratio of AMP/ATP. If this ratio is high, the amino acid threonine 172 available in its alpha chain would be activated by the phosphorylated liver kinase B1 (LKB1), leading to AMPK activation. Several studies have indicated that apart from its significant role in the reduction of blood glucose level, metformin activates the AMPK enzyme that in turn has various efficient impacts on the regulation of various processes, including controlling inflammatory conditions, altering the differentiation pathway of immune and non-immune cell pathways, and the amelioration of various cancers, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), kidney diseases, neurological disorders, etc. Metformin’s activation of AMPK enables it to control inflammatory conditions, improve oxidative status, regulate the differentiation pathways of various cells, change the pathological process in various diseases, and finally have positive therapeutic effects on them. Due to the activation of AMPK and its role in regulating several subcellular signalling pathways, metformin can be effective in altering the cells’ proliferation and differentiation pathways and eventually in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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6
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Zhang K, Wang Q, Liang Y, Yan Y, Wang H, Cao X, Shan B, Zhang Y, Li A, Fang Y. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Sciatic Nerve Reveals Post-injury Upregulation of ADP-Dependent Glucokinase Promoting Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:777621. [PMID: 34867191 PMCID: PMC8633568 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.777621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury induces profound and complex changes at molecular and cellular levels, leading to axonal self-destruction as well as immune and inflammatory responses that may further promote neurodegeneration. To better understand how neural injury changes the proteome within the injured nerve, we set up a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury (SNI) and conducted an unbiased, quantitative proteomic study followed by biochemical assays to confirm some of the changed proteins. Among them, the protein levels of ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) were significantly increased in the injured sciatic nerve. Further examination indicated that ADPGK was specifically expressed and upregulated in macrophages but not neurons or Schwann cells upon injury. Furthermore, culturing immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs) in vitro with the conditioned media from transected axons of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons induced ADPGK upregulation in iBMDMs, suggesting that injured axons could promote ADPGK expression in macrophages non-cell autonomously. Finally, we showed that overexpression of ADPGK per se did not activate macrophages but promoted the phagocytotic activity of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated macrophages. Together, this proteomic analysis reveals interesting changes of many proteins within the injured nerve and our data identify ADPGK as an important in vivo booster of injury-induced macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Di Paolo A, Farias J, Garat J, Macklin A, Ignatchenko V, Kislinger T, Sotelo Silveira J. Rat Sciatic Nerve Axoplasm Proteome Is Enriched with Ribosomal Proteins during Regeneration Processes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2506-2520. [PMID: 33793244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Axons are complex subcellular compartments that are extremely long in relation to cell bodies, especially in peripheral nerves. Many processes are required and regulated during axon injury, including anterograde and retrograde transport, glia-to-axon macromolecular transfer, and local axonal protein synthesis. Many in vitro omics approaches have been used to gain insight into these processes, but few have been applied in vivo. Here we adapted the osmotic ex vivo axoplasm isolation method and analyzed the adult rat sciatic-nerve-extruded axoplasm by label-free quantitative proteomics before and after injury. 2087 proteins groups were detected in the axoplasm, revealing translation machinery and microtubule-associated proteins as the most overrepresented biological processes. Ribosomal proteins (73) were detected in the uninjured axoplasm and increased their levels after injury but not within whole sciatic nerves. Meta-analysis showed that detected ribosomal proteins were present in in vitro axonal proteomes. Because local protein synthesis is important for protein localization, we were interested in detecting the most abundant newly synthesized axonal proteins in vivo. With an MS/MS-BONCAT approach, we detected 42 newly synthesized protein groups. Overall, our work indicates that proteomics profiling is useful for local axonal interrogation and suggests that ribosomal proteins may play an important role, especially during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Di Paolo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Joaquin Garat
- Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - José Sotelo Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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8
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Brown T, Sykes D, Allen AR. Implications of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Inflammation on the Gut, Liver, and Central Nervous System. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020189. [PMID: 33668580 PMCID: PMC7917715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer is still one of the most common cancers today; however, with advancements in diagnostic and treatment methods, the mortality and survivorship of patients continues to decrease and increase, respectively. Commonly used treatments today consist of drug combinations, such as doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide; docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide; or doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. Although these combinations are effective at destroying cancer cells, there is still much to be understood about the effects that chemotherapy can have on normal organ systems such as the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and the liver. Patients can experience symptoms of cognitive impairments or “chemobrain”, such as difficulty in concentrating, memory recollection, and processing speed. They may also experience gastrointestinal (GI) distress symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting, as well as hepatotoxicity and long term liver damage. Chemotherapy treatment has also been shown to induce peripheral neuropathy resulting in numbing, pain, and tingling sensations in the extremities of patients. Interestingly, researchers have discovered that this array of symptoms that cancer patients experience are interconnected and mediated by the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taurean Brown
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - DeLawrence Sykes
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA;
| | - Antiño R. Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-7335
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Baeza-Flores GDC, Guzmán-Priego CG, Parra-Flores LI, Murbartián J, Torres-López JE, Granados-Soto V. Metformin: A Prospective Alternative for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558474. [PMID: 33178015 PMCID: PMC7538784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (biguanide) is a drug widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This drug has been used for 60 years as a highly effective antihyperglycemic agent. The search for the mechanism of action of metformin has produced an enormous amount of research to explain its effects on gluconeogenesis, protein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, glucose uptake, autophagy and pain, among others. It was only up the end of the 1990s and beginning of this century that some of its mechanisms were revealed. Metformin induces its beneficial effects in diabetes through the activation of a master switch kinase named AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two upstream kinases account for the physiological activation of AMPK: liver kinase B1 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2. Once activated, AMPK inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which in turn avoids the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways and reduces cap-dependent translation initiation. Since metformin is a disease-modifying drug in type 2 diabetes, which reduces the mTORC1 signaling to induce its effects on neuronal plasticity, it was proposed that these mechanisms could also explain the antinociceptive effect of this drug in several models of chronic pain. These studies have highlighted the efficacy of this drug in chronic pain, such as that from neuropathy, insulin resistance, diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia-type pain. Mounting evidence indicates that chronic pain may induce anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment in rodents and humans. Interestingly, metformin is able to reverse some of these consequences of pathological pain in rodents. The purpose of this review was to analyze the current evidence about the effects of metformin in chronic pain and three of its comorbidities (anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Del Carmen Baeza-Flores
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán-Priego
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Leonor Ivonne Parra-Flores
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Elías Torres-López
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos de Dolor, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico.,Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús", Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pellesi L, Bellei E, Guerzoni S, Cainazzo MM, Baraldi C, Monari E, Pini LA. Exploration of candidate serum biomarkers potentially related to the chronic pain condition in Medication-overuse headache. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:239. [PMID: 31623575 PMCID: PMC6798334 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medication Overuse Headache (MOH) is a prevalent and disabling disorder resulting from the overuse of analgesic drugs, triptans or other acute headache medications. In previous proteomic studies, several proteins have been found at high concentrations in the urine of MOH patients and in the serum of rats with neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS), Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in MOH patients and healthy individuals, further exploring their relationship with cutaneous pain thresholds (CPTs) in the territories innervated by the trigeminal nerve. Methods Sixty-nine MOH patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Von Frey-like filaments were applied to the skin territories innervated by the trigeminal nerve, to determine the CPTs. L-PGDS, VDBP, APOE and APOA1 were quantified in the serum by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Comparisons between MOH patients and healthy individuals were performed using independent t test or χ2 test. To correlate serum proteins with CPTs, Pearson correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used. Results CPTs were lower among MOH patients. L-PGDS, VDBP and APOE had significantly different serum concentrations between groups (p < 0.01), but no correlation was found with CPTs. APOA1 serum concentrations did not differ between patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions L-PGDS, VDBP and APOE had abnormal serum levels in MOH patients, confirming their alteration in some conditions of chronic headache and neuropathic pain. However, they had no relationship with CPTs. The in-depth study of serum proteins represents a promising approach for a better understanding of MOH, as well as the detection of candidate biomarkers for chronic headache or the risks associated with overuse medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco Pellesi
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Elisa Bellei
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinic and Public Health, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Guerzoni
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Cainazzo
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Baraldi
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Monari
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinic and Public Health, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Alberto Pini
- Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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11
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Pappolla MA, Manchikanti L, Andersen CR, Greig NH, Ahmed F, Fang X, Seffinger MA, Trescot AM. Is insulin resistance the cause of fibromyalgia? A preliminary report. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216079. [PMID: 31059525 PMCID: PMC6502334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is one of the most frequent generalized pain disorders with poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. This condition accounts for an enormous proportion of healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, the etiology of FM is unknown and thus, there is no disease modifying therapy available for this condition. We show that most (if not all) patients with FM belong to a distinct population that can be segregated from a control group by their glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). This was demonstrated by analyzing the data after introducing an age stratification correction into a linear regression model. This strategy showed highly significant differences between FM patients and control subjects (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, for two separate control populations, respectively). A subgroup of patients meeting criteria for pre-diabetes or diabetes (patients with HbA1c values of 5.7% or greater) who had undergone treatment with metformin showed dramatic improvements of their widespread myofascial pain, as shown by their scores using a pre and post-treatment numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) for evaluation. Although preliminary, these findings suggest a pathogenetic relationship between FM and IR, which may lead to a radical paradigm shift in the management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Pappolla
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- St. Michael’s Pain & Spine Clinics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laxmaiah Manchikanti
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU School of Medicine Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Clark R. Andersen
- Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fawad Ahmed
- St. Michael’s Pain & Spine Clinics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Seffinger
- Department of Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Trescot
- Pain and Headache Center, Eagle River, Alaska, United States of America
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12
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Hu LY, Mi WL, Wu GC, Wang YQ, Mao-Ying QL. Prevention and Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Therapies Based on CIPN Mechanisms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:184-196. [PMID: 28925884 PMCID: PMC6343206 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170915143217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/1970] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a progressive, enduring, and often irreversible adverse effect of many antineoplastic agents, among which sensory abnormities are common and the most suffering issues. The pathogenesis of CIPN has not been completely understood, and strategies for CIPN prevention and treatment are still open problems for medicine. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review the mechanism-based therapies against sensory abnormities in CIPN. METHODS This is a literature review to describe the uncovered mechanisms underlying CIPN and to provide a summary of mechanism-based therapies for CIPN based on the evidence from both animal and clinical studies. RESULTS An abundance of compounds has been developed to prevent or treat CIPN by blocking ion channels, targeting inflammatory cytokines and combating oxidative stress. Agents such as glutathione, mangafodipir and duloxetine are expected to be effective for CIPN intervention, while Ca/Mg infusion and venlafaxine, tricyclic antidepressants, and gabapentin display limited efficacy for preventing and alleviating CIPN. And the utilization of erythropoietin, menthol and amifostine needs to be cautious regarding to their side effects. CONCLUSIONS Multiple drugs have been used and studied for decades, their effect against CIPN are still controversial according to different antineoplastic agents due to the diverse manifestations among different antineoplastic agents and complex drug-drug interactions. In addition, novel therapies or drugs that have proven to be effective in animals require further investigation, and it will take time to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang-Yue Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Zhang J, Lin Y, Dai X, Fang W, Wu X, Chen X. Metformin treatment improves the spatial memory of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner. FASEB J 2019; 33:7748-7757. [PMID: 30894020 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802718r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) can increase the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are highly susceptible to cognitive dysfunction. Recent research has indicated that metformin, a prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, may affect cognitive function; however, findings regarding its efficacy are largely controversial. The current study reported that a 5-mo metformin administration (300 mg/kg/d) starting at 13 mo old improved the spatial memory of ApoE3-target replacement (TR) mice, not ApoE4-TR mice. It found that in aged ApoE3-TR mice, metformin treatment, at a molecular level, inhibited AMPK activity, increased insulin signaling, and activated mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, resulting in an enhanced expression of postsynaptic proteins; but the response of the neuronal AMPK activity and insulin signaling to metformin was blunt in aged ApoE4-TR mice. Meanwhile, metformin treatment also increased the phosphorylation of tau in both ApoE3-TR and ApoE4-TR mice, implying that metformin may have side effects in human. These findings suggest that metformin can improve the cognitive performance of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner, which provides empirical insights into the clinical value of metformin for ApoE4- and age-related AD prevention and treatment.-Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Dai, X., Fang, W., Wu, X., Chen, X. Metformin treatment improves the spatial memory of aged mice in an APOE genotype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenting Fang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Gomez-Varela D, Barry AM, Schmidt M. Proteome-based systems biology in chronic pain. J Proteomics 2019; 190:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Metformin attenuates increase of synaptic number in the rat spinal dorsal horn with painful diabetic neuropathy induced by type 2 diabetes: a stereological study. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2232-2239. [PMID: 30306321 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we have shown that number of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn increased significantly in a rat model of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) induced by high-dose of streptozotocin (an animal model of type 1 diabetes). The aims of this study were: (1) to determine whether high fat diet/low dose streptozotocin-diabetes, a rat model for type 2 diabetes, related PDN was also associated with this synaptic plasticity, (2) to reveal the range of this synaptic plasticity change occurred (in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn or only in the L5 lumbar segment of spinal dorsal horn) and (3) to discover whether treatment with metformin had effect on this synaptic plasticity. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control group (n = 7), the PDN group (n = 6) and the PDN treated with metformin (PDN + M) group (n = 7), respectively. 28 days after medication, synaptic and neuronal numbers in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn or in 1 mm length of the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn were estimated by the optical disector (a stereological technique). Compared to the control group and the PDN + M group, number of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn increased significantly in the PDN group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change between the control group and the PDN + M group in terms of the parameters in the L5 segment of the spinal dorsal horn (P > 0.05). Parameters of the whole length of spinal dorsal horn showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that high fat diet/low dose streptozotocin diabetes related PDN is also associated with a numerical increase of synapses in the L5 segment of spinal dorsal horn but not in the whole length of spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of metformin against PDN is related to its inhibition of numerical increase of synaptic number in the rat spinal dorsal horn.
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16
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François-Moutal L, Dustrude ET, Wang Y, Brustovetsky T, Dorame A, Ju W, Moutal A, Perez-Miller S, Brustovetsky N, Gokhale V, Khanna M, Khanna R. Inhibition of the Ubc9 E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme-CRMP2 interaction decreases NaV1.7 currents and reverses experimental neuropathic pain. Pain 2018; 159:2115-2127. [PMID: 29847471 PMCID: PMC6150792 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that destruction of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification site in the axonal collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was sufficient to selectively decrease trafficking of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 and reverse neuropathic pain. Here, we further interrogate the biophysical nature of the interaction between CRMP2 and the SUMOylation machinery, and test the hypothesis that a rationally designed CRMP2 SUMOylation motif (CSM) peptide can interrupt E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9-dependent modification of CRMP2 leading to a similar suppression of NaV1.7 currents. Microscale thermophoresis and amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous alpha assay revealed a low micromolar binding affinity between CRMP2 and Ubc9. A heptamer peptide harboring CRMP2's SUMO motif, also bound with similar affinity to Ubc9, disrupted the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, incubation of a tat-conjugated cell-penetrating peptide (t-CSM) decreased sodium currents, predominantly NaV1.7, in a model neuronal cell line. Dialysis of t-CSM peptide reduced CRMP2 SUMOylation and blocked surface trafficking of NaV1.7 in rat sensory neurons. Fluorescence dye-based imaging in rat sensory neurons demonstrated inhibition of sodium influx in the presence of t-CSM peptide; by contrast, calcium influx was unaffected. Finally, t-CSM effectively reversed persistent mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity induced by a spinal nerve injury, a model of neuropathic pain. Structural modeling has now identified a pocket-harboring CRMP2's SUMOylation motif that, when targeted through computational screening of ligands/molecules, is expected to identify small molecules that will biochemically and functionally target CRMP2's SUMOylation to reduce NaV1.7 currents and reverse neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Erik T. Dustrude
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Tatiana Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Weina Ju
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
- Department of Pharmacology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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17
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Neuropathic Pain Creates an Enduring Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction Corrected by the Type II Diabetic Drug Metformin But Not by Gabapentin. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7337-7350. [PMID: 30030404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0713-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain patients suffer from pain-related cognitive deficits, even when taking commonly prescribed analgesics. These deficits are likely related to pain-related maladaptive plasticity in the frontal cortex. We sought to model cognitive deficits in mice with neuropathic pain to examine maladaptive morphological plasticity in the mPFC and to assess the effects of several therapeutics. We used an attentional set-shifting task in mice with spared nerve injury (SNI) who received either a single intrathecal injection of an analgesic dose of clonidine, 7 d of 100 mg/kg gabapentin, or 7 d of 200 mg/kg metformin. Male SNI mice were significantly more impaired in the set-shifting task than females. This deficit correlated with a loss of parvalbumin (PV) and reductions in axon initial segment (AIS) length in layers 5/6 of the infralimbic (IL) cortex. Acute pain relief with clonidine had no effect on set-shifting performance, whereas pain relief via 7 day treatment with gabapentin worsened the impairment in both SNI and sham mice. Gabapentin reversed the PV loss in the IL but had no effect on AIS length. Treatment with the AMPK-activator metformin completely reversed the pain-related cognitive impairment and restored AIS length in the IL but had little effect on PV expression. Our findings reveal that neuropathic pain-related cognitive impairments in male mice are correlated to bilateral morphological changes in PV interneurons and layer 5/6 IL pyramidal neuron AIS. Pain relief with metformin can reverse some of the functional and anatomical changes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive impairments are a comorbidity of neuropathic pain but are inadequately addressed by existing therapeutics. We used a neuropathic pain model in mice to demonstrate that male (but not female) mice show a robust pain-related deficit in attentional set-shifting, which is associated with structural plasticity in axon initial segments in the infralimbic cortex. These deficits were completely reversed by 7 day treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin, suggesting that this drug can be repurposed for the treatment of neuropathic pain and its cognitive comorbidities. Our findings have implications for our understanding of how neuropathic pain causes structural plasticity in the brain, and they point to a marked sexual dimorphism in neuropathic pain mechanisms in mice.
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18
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Translatome Regulation in Neuronal Injury and Axon Regrowth. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0276-17. [PMID: 29756027 PMCID: PMC5944006 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0276-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional events leading to outgrowth of neuronal axons have been intensively studied, but the role of translational regulation in this process is not well understood. Here, we use translatome analyses by ribosome pull-down and protein synthesis characterization by metabolic isotopic labeling to study nerve injury and axon outgrowth proteomes in rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and sensory neurons. We identify over 1600 gene products that are primarily translationally regulated in DRG neurons after nerve injury, many of which contain a 5'UTR cytosine-enriched regulator of translation (CERT) motif, implicating the translation initiation factor Eif4e in the injury response. We further identified approximately 200 proteins that undergo robust de novo synthesis in the initial stages of axon growth. ApoE is one of the highly synthesized proteins in neurons, and its receptor binding inhibition or knockout affects axon outgrowth. These findings provide a resource for future analyses of the role of translational regulation in neuronal injury responses and axon extension.
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19
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Ansari B, Ghasemi M, Ahmadian M, Khorvash F. The Effect of Pregabalin and Metformin on Subacute and Chronic Radiculopathy. Adv Biomed Res 2018. [PMID: 29531924 PMCID: PMC5841011 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.225599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radicular pain is one of the most common forms of chronic pain in the world, which has challenges about effective medical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin (PGB) and metformin (Met) on subacute and chronic radiculopathy. Materials and Methods: This double-blind prospective clinical trial was performed on 71 patients with subacute and chronic cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathy. Group A was treated with PGB 75 mg daily while Group B was treated with PGB 75 mg daily and Met 500 mg daily for 3 months. Finally, the pain score in both groups was evaluated based on visual analog scale (VAS) and numerical scale pain. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in VAS and pain severity in both groups but this reduction in the terms of VAS (47.79% vs. 46.48%, P = 0.125) and pain severity (47.1% vs. 39.2%, P = 0.264) was more in treated patients with PGB and Met as compared to PGB group while total pain experience (53.5% vs. 49.1%, P = 0.464) and interference with daily function (57.1% vs. 50.61%, P = 0.726) were more in patients treated with PGB alone. Conclusion: Our results showed that PGB and PGB + Met reduced pain intensity and interference with daily function while we did not observe significant differences between two groups. PGB alone would have the potentiality to become a simple and economic means to decrease radicular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mana Ahmadian
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Dhillon H, Singh S. Role of Apolipoprotein E in the tangled mystery of pain. Med Hypotheses 2018; 114:58-64. [PMID: 29602467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the common and debilitating health manifestations associated with the majority of diseased conditions, thus making it a serious health concern worldwide. While trying to decipher the cryptic mechanism of pain in hope to provide better gene-based therapeutics, researchers have concluded pain to be of multigenic origin making it hard to cure. Apolipoprotein E is a protein coded by APOE gene containing 4 exons, located on chromosome 19q13.2. It is among the key regulators of various crucial body functions such as lipid transport, apoptosis, vitamin k pathway, and cognition, hence, it is highly suspected to play a pivotal role in the nociception process. However, very few studies have tried and succeeded to find a direct involvement of APOE in pain processing. The current article attempts to throw light on some of the major clinical research findings which strengthen the hypothesis stating that apolipoprotein E has a concealed yet deeply embedded association with the pain regulating pathways, through several underlying physiological, biochemical and neurological processes, that in turn, decide the fate of pain sensation in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Dhillon
- Mata Lajjiawatti Jain Memorial Nursing Institute, Raikot, Punjab, India.
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21
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Roman-Padilla J, Rodríguez-Rúa A, Carballo C, Manchado M, Hachero-Cruzado I. Phylogeny and expression patterns of two apolipoprotein E genes in the flatfish Senegalese sole. Gene 2018; 643:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Yuasa N, Nagata E, Fujii N, Ito M, Tsukamoto H, Takizawa S. Serum apolipoprotein E may be a novel biomarker of migraine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190620. [PMID: 29357368 PMCID: PMC5777658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine attacks alter various molecules that might be related to the pathophysiology of migraine, such as serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and nitric oxide. The underlying pathophysiology of migraine is as yet unclear. We explored key proteins related to the pathogenesis of migraine here. Serum was collected from two patients with migraine with aura (MA) and seven patients with migraine without aura (MO) during attack-free periods and migraine attacks. Samples were analyzed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Nineteen protein spots were altered between the attack-free versus migraine attack periods. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify the proteins within each of the 19 altered spots. Thirty-six proteins were significantly altered in samples collected during attack-free periods versus migraine attacks. The protein with the statistically most significant MASCOT/Mowse score (268±112) among lipoproteins was apolipoprotein (ApoE). In the MA and MO groups, ApoE protein levels were significantly higher during migraine attack than during the attack-free period (p<0.05). ApoE protein levels were also significantly increased in the MA group during the attack-free period compared to healthy controls and patients with tension type headaches (p<0.01). Migraine alters ApoE levels, especially in MA. ApoE might play an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine, and may act as a diagnostic biomarker of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yuasa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Isehara Kyodo Hospital, Isehara, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Natsuko Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ito
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukamoto
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shunya Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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23
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Price TJ, Das V, Dussor G. Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activators For the Prevention, Treatment and Potential Reversal of Pathological Pain. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 17:908-20. [PMID: 26521775 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666151102095046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathological pain is an enormous medical problem that places a significant burden on patients and can result from an injury that has long since healed or be due to an unidentifiable cause. Although treatments exist, they often either lack efficacy or have intolerable side effects. More importantly, they do not reverse the changes in the nervous system mediating pathological pain, and thus symptoms often return when therapies are discontinued. Consequently, novel therapies are urgently needed that have both improved efficacy and disease-modifying properties. Here we highlight an emerging target for novel pain therapies, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is capable of regulating a variety of cellular processes including protein translation, activity of other kinases, and mitochondrial metabolism, many of which are thought to contribute to pathological pain. Consistent with these properties, preclinical studies show positive, and in some cases disease-modifying effects of either pharmacological activation or genetic regulation of AMPK in models of nerve injury, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), postsurgical pain, inflammatory pain, and diabetic neuropathy. Given the AMPK-activating ability of metformin, a widely prescribed and well-tolerated drug, these preclinical studies provide a strong rationale for both retrospective and prospective human pain trials with this drug. They also argue for the development of novel AMPK activators, whether orthosteric, allosteric, or modulators of events upstream of the kinase. Together, this review will present the case for AMPK as a novel therapeutic target for pain and will discuss future challenges in the path toward development of AMPK-based pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, JO 4.212 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson TX 75080, USA.
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TREM2/DAP12 Signal Elicits Proinflammatory Response in Microglia and Exacerbates Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11138-11150. [PMID: 27798193 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1238-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain afflicts millions of people, and the development of an effective treatment for this intractable pain is an urgent issue. Recent evidence has implicated microglia in neuropathic pain. The present study showed that the DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) and its associated "triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2" (TREM2) were predominantly expressed by microglia in the dorsal horn after spinal nerve injury, revealing a role for TREM2/DAP12 signaling in neuropathic pain. Nerve injury-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in microglia and pain behaviors were significantly suppressed in Dap12-deficient mice. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of TREM2 agonistic antibody induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, as well as neuropathic pain, in mice without nerve injury. The agonistic antibody induced proinflammatory responses and neuropathic pain was not observed in Dap12-deficient mice. Together, these results suggest that TREM2/DAP12-mediated signals in microglia exacerbate nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by inducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion from microglia. Suppression of DAP12-mediated signals could be a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent studies have revealed that activated microglia in the spinal dorsal horn exacerbate neuropathic pain, which has suggested that suppression of microglial activity should be considered as a therapeutic target. However, only a few molecules have been identified as regulators of microglial activity. In this study, we focused on a receptor complex of TREM2 and DAP12, both of which are expressed by microglia and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and demonstrated that TREM2/DAP12 signaling promoted proinflammatory responses in microglia and exacerbates neuropathic pain. The present results revealed the functional significance of TREM2/DAP12 signaling in microglial activation after neuronal injury, and could help in the development of treatments for neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Moore DM, McCrory C. The Proteomics of Intrathecal Analgesic agents for Chronic Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:198-205. [PMID: 26907496 PMCID: PMC5412698 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160224124446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a challenging clinical problem with a growing socio-economic burden for the state. Its prevalence is high and many of the patients are of work age. Our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of chronic pain is poor. The consensus view is that the central nervous system plays a key role in the persistence of pain after an initiating event has long ceased. However the specifics of this biological response to an initiating event remains unclear. There is a growing body of evidence to support the concept that a central neuroimmune response is initiated and a number of small peptides have been implicated in this process following cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with chronic pain. This central biosynthetic peptide response leads to a process called central sensitization. Therapy is aimed at modulating and even inhibiting this response. However current pharmacological therapeutic options are limited in efficacy with significant deleterious side effect profiles. Proteomic studies extend single molecule analysis by identifying the components of biological networks and pathways and defining their interactions. This tool offers the potential to provide a molecular overview of the biological processes involved in chronic pain. It will also facilitate examination of gene-drug interactions. This technique offers a mechanism of defining the central biological responses that result in chronic pain and this information may facilitate the development of better therapies.
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Serum protein changes in a rat model of chronic pain show a correlation between animal and humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41723. [PMID: 28145509 PMCID: PMC5286399 DOI: 10.1038/srep41723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous works we showed the overexpression of some proteins in biological fluids from patients suffering chronic pain. In this proteomic study we analysed serum from a rat model of neuropathic pain obtained by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, at two time intervals, 2 and 5 weeks after the insult, to find proteins involved in the expression or mediation of pain. Sham-operated and CCI rats were treated with saline or indomethacin. Two weeks after ligation, we identified three serum proteins overexpressed in CCI rats, two of which, alpha-1-macroglobulin and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), remained increased 5 weeks post-surgery; at this time interval, we found increased levels of further proteins, namely apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), apolipoprotein E (APOE), prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) and transthyretin (TTR), that overlap the overexpressed proteins found in humans. Indomethacin treatment reversed the effects of ligation. The qPCR analysis showed that transcript levels of APOA1, APOE, PTGDS and VDBP were overexpressed in the lumbar spinal cord (origin of sciatic nerve), but not in the striatum (an unrelated brain region), of CCI rats treated with saline 5 weeks after surgery, demonstrating that the lumbar spinal cord is a possible source of these proteins.
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Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Exploring novel paths towards protein signatures of chronic pain. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916679658. [PMID: 27920228 PMCID: PMC5153021 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916679658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major symptom of many medical conditions and the worldwide number one reason for people to seek medical assistance. It affects the quality of life of patients and poses a heavy financial burden on society with high costs of treatment and lost productivity. Furthermore, the treatment of chronic pain presents a big challenge as pain therapeutics often lack efficacy and exhibit minimal safety profiles. The latter can be largely attributed to the fact that current therapies target molecules with key physiological functions throughout the body. In light of these difficulties, the identification of proteins specifically involved in chronic pain states is of paramount importance for designing selective interventions. Several profiling efforts have been employed with the aim to dissect the molecular underpinnings of chronic pain, both on the level of the transcriptome and proteome. However, generated results are often inconsistent and non-overlapping, which is largely due to inherent technical constraints. A potential solution may be offered by emerging strategies capable of performing standardized and reproducible proteome analysis, such as data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). We have recently demonstrated the applicability of DIA-MS to interrogate chronic pain-related proteome alterations in mice. Based on our results, we aim to provide an overview on DIA-MS and its potential to contribute to the comprehensive characterization of molecular signatures underlying pain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Kiałka M, Milewicz T, Sztefko K, Rogatko I, Majewska R. Metformin increases pressure pain threshold in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2483-90. [PMID: 27536069 PMCID: PMC4977100 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the strong preclinical rationale, there are only very few data considering the utility of metformin as a potential pain therapeutic in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the association between metformin therapy and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that metformin therapy in lean PCOS women increases PPT. Materials and methods Twenty-seven lean PCOS women with free androgen index phenotype >5 and 18 lean healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Fifteen of the PCOS women were randomly assigned to be treated with metformin 1,500 mg daily for 6 months. PPT and plasma β-endorphin levels were measured in all women at the beginning of the study and after 6 months of observation. Results We observed an increase in PPT values measured on deltoid and trapezius muscle in the PCOS with metformin group after 6 months of metformin administration (4.81±0.88 kg/cm2, P<0.001 on deltoid muscle, and 5.71±1.16 kg/cm2 on trapezius muscle). We did not observe any significant changes in PPT values in the PCOS without treatment group and in controls. We did not observe any significant changes in serum β-endorphin levels in any studied groups during the 6-month observation. Conclusion We conclude that metformin therapy increases PPT in lean PCOS women, without affecting plasma β-endorphin concentration. Our results may suggest the potential role of metformin in pain therapy. We propose that larger, randomized studies on metformin impact on pain perception should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kiałka
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Milewicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Sztefko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Rogatko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Majewska
- Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Rouwette T, Sondermann J, Avenali L, Gomez-Varela D, Schmidt M. Standardized Profiling of The Membrane-Enriched Proteome of Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) Provides Novel Insights Into Chronic Pain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2152-68. [PMID: 27103637 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex disease with limited treatment options. Several profiling efforts have been employed with the aim to dissect its molecular underpinnings. However, generated results are often inconsistent and nonoverlapping, which is largely because of inherent technical constraints. Emerging data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to provide unbiased, reproducible and quantitative proteome maps - a prerequisite for standardization among experiments. Here, we designed a DIA-based proteomics workflow to profile changes in the abundance of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) proteins in two mouse models of chronic pain, inflammatory and neuropathic. We generated a DRG-specific spectral library containing 3067 DRG proteins, which enables their standardized quantification by means of DIA-MS in any laboratory. Using this resource, we profiled 2526 DRG proteins in each biological replicate of both chronic pain models and respective controls with unprecedented reproducibility. We detected numerous differentially regulated proteins, the majority of which exhibited pain model-specificity. Our approach recapitulates known biology and discovers dozens of proteins that have not been characterized in the somatosensory system before. Functional validation experiments and analysis of mouse pain behaviors demonstrate that indeed meaningful protein alterations were discovered. These results illustrate how the application of DIA-MS can open new avenues to achieve the long-awaited standardization in the molecular dissection of pathologies of the somatosensory system. Therefore, our findings provide a valuable framework to qualitatively extend our understanding of chronic pain and somatosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rouwette
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Sondermann
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Luca Avenali
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gomez-Varela
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- From the ‡Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Zhou W, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Metformin Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Brain Damage in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151890. [PMID: 27018597 PMCID: PMC4809545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, also known as ‘chemobrain’, is now widely recognized as a frequent adverse side effect of cancer treatment that often persists into survivorship. There are no drugs available to prevent or treat chemotherapy-induced cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of cisplatin-induced cognitive deficits and to determine the potential preventive effects of the anti-diabetic drug metformin. Results Treatment of C57/BL6J mice with cisplatin (cumulative dose 34.5mg/kg) impaired performance in the novel object and place recognition task as well as in the social discrimination task indicating cognitive deficits. Co-administration of metformin prevented these cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments. At the structural level, we demonstrate that cisplatin reduces coherency of white matter fibers in the cingulate cortex. Moreover, the number of dendritic spines and neuronal arborizations as quantified on Golgi-stained brains was reduced after cisplatin treatment. Co-administration of metformin prevented all of these structural abnormalities in cisplatin-treated mice. In contrast to what has been reported in other models of chemobrain, we do not have evidence for persistent microglial or astrocyte activation in the brains of cisplatin-treated mice. Finally, we show that co-administration of metformin also protects against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion In summary, we show here for the first time that treatment of mice with cisplatin induces cognitive deficits that are associated with structural abnormalities in the brain. Moreover, we present the first evidence that the widely used and safe anti-diabetic drug metformin protects against these deleterious effects of cancer treatment. In view of the ongoing clinical trials to examine the potential efficacy of metformin as add-on therapy in patients treated for cancer, these findings should allow rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Symptom Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Department of Symptom Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Department of Symptom Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a major clinical problem that is poorly treated with available therapeutics. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as a novel target for the treatment of pain with the exciting potential for disease modification. AMPK activators inhibit signaling pathways that are known to promote changes in the function and phenotype of peripheral nociceptive neurons and promote chronic pain. AMPK activators also reduce the excitability of these cells suggesting that AMPK activators may be efficacious for the treatment of chronic pain disorders, like neuropathic pain, where changes in the excitability of nociceptors is thought to be an underlying cause. In agreement with this, AMPK activators have now been shown to alleviate pain in a broad variety of preclinical pain models indicating that this mechanism might be engaged for the treatment of many types of pain in the clinic. A key feature of the effect of AMPK activators in these models is that they can lead to a long-lasting reversal of pain hypersensitivity even long after treatment cessation, indicative of disease modification. Here, we review the evidence supporting AMPK as a novel pain target pointing out opportunities for further discovery that are likely to have an impact on drug discovery efforts centered around potent and specific allosteric activators of AMPK for chronic pain treatment.
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Beneficial Effect of Metformin on Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1130-7. [PMID: 26718830 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of metformin have been increasingly recognized in both diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. Thus far, no information has been available on the potential beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to investigate such a possibility. Diabetes was established by a single injection of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg in rats. After sciatic nerve crush injury, the diabetic rats were intraperitoneally administrated daily for 4 weeks with metformin (30, 200 and 500 mg/kg), or normal saline, respectively. The axonal regeneration was investigated by morphometric analysis and retrograde labeling. The functional recovery was evaluated by electrophysiological studies and behavioral analysis. It was found that metformin significantly enhanced axonal regeneration and functional recovery compared to saline after sciatic nerve injury in diabetic rats. In addition, metformin at 200 and 500 mg/kg showed better performance than that at 30 mg/kg. Taken together, metformin is capable of promoting nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injuries in diabetes mellitus, highlighting its therapeutic values for peripheral nerve injury repair in diabetes mellitus.
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Sapkota B, Subramanian A, Priamvada G, Finely H, Blackett PR, Aston CE, Sanghera DK. Association of APOE polymorphisms with diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors and the role of APOE genotypes in response to anti-diabetic therapy: results from the AIDHS/SDS on a South Asian population. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1191-7. [PMID: 26318958 PMCID: PMC4656127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms have been examined extensively in multiple global populations particularly due to their crucial role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease. However, the overall contribution of APOE polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in South Asians is still under-investigated. The objectives of this investigation were: 1) to evaluate the distribution of APOE polymorphisms in a large diabetic case-control sample from South Asia, 2) to examine the impact of APOE polymorphisms on quantitative risk factors of T2D and CAD, and 3) to explore the contribution of APOE genotypes in the response to anti-diabetic therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 3564 individuals (1956 T2D cases and 1608 controls) used in this study were part of the Asian Indian Diabetic Heart Study/Sikh Diabetes Study (AIDHS/SDS). We assessed the association of APOE polymorphisms with T2D, CAD and cardiometabolic traits using logistic and linear regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in the distribution of APOE genotypes were observed between T2D and CAD cases and controls. The APOE4 genotype carriers had moderately higher diastolic blood pressure (BP) (p=0.022), and lower HDL-cholesterol (p=0.026) compared to E4 non-carriers. Overall, the APOE genotype was not a significant predictor of cardiometabolic disease in this population. Further stratification of data from diabetic patients by APOE genotypes and anti-hyperglycemic agents revealed a significant (~23%) decrease in 2-hour glucose (p=0.004) and ~7% decrease in systolic BP (p<0.001) among APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers on metformin and sulphonylurea (SU) combination therapy, and no such differences were seen in patients on other agents. Our preliminary findings point to the need for evaluating population-specific genetic variation and its interactions with therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwa Sapkota
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gargi Priamvada
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hadley Finely
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christopher E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Ma J, Yu H, Liu J, Chen Y, Wang Q, Xiang L. Metformin attenuates hyperalgesia and allodynia in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy induced by streptozotocin. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:599-606. [PMID: 26054810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which often makes the patients suffer from severe hyperalgesia and allodynia. Thus far, the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy remains unsatisfactory. Metformin, which is the first-line drug for type-2 diabetes, has been proved to attenuate hyperexcitability in sensory neurons linked to chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, highlighting its potential in alleviating pain related with painful diabetic neuropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of metformin on hyperalgesia and allodynia in diabetic rats. The mechanical sensitivity, heat nociception, and cold allodynia were examined. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and advanced glycation end-products in the blood were measured. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and AMPK target genes were examined in the sciatic nerves of the animals. It was found that metformin was capable of attenuating diabetes-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. In addition, metformin was capable of decreasing malondialdehyde and glycation end-products levels in blood, as well as increasing superoxide dismutas activity, indicating the inhibitory effect of metformin against diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Further studies showed that metformin could activate AMPK and increase the AMPK target genes in sciatic nerves in diabetic rats. In conclusion, metformin is able to attenuate diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia, which might be associated its anti-oxidative effect through AMPK pathway. Metformin might be used as an effective drug, especially with fewer side effects, for abnormal sensation in painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangbi Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Ma J, Liu J, Yu H, Chen Y, Wang Q, Xiang L. Effect of metformin on Schwann cells under hypoxia condition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6748-6755. [PMID: 26261558 PMCID: PMC4525892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, which is the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, has been proved to possess beneficial effects on nerve regeneration in many studies. However, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of metformin on SCs under hypoxia condition, which is a biological process at the injury site. The cell number and cell viability of SCs were examined using fluorescence observation and MTT assay. The migration of SCs was evaluated using a Transwell chamber. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in SCs were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA method. The results showed that metformin could help SCs recover from hypoxia injury and inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In addition, metformin could partially reverse the detrimental effect of hypoxia on cell number, viability, migration and adhesion. Metformin is also capable of maintaining the biological activities of SCs after hypoxia injury, such as increasing the expression and secretion of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and N-CAM. Further studies showed that pre-incubation with AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) inhibitor Compound C might partially inhibit the effect of metformin mentioned above, indicating the possible involvement of AMPK pathway in the beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nervous system. In conclusion, metformin is capable of alleviating hypoxia-induced injury to SCs and AMPK pathway might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangbi Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of Chinese PLA Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Witzel II, Jelinek HF, Khalaf K, Lee S, Khandoker AH, Alsafar H. Identifying Common Genetic Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 26074879 PMCID: PMC4447004 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem of epidemic proportions, with 60-70% of affected individuals suffering from associated neurovascular complications that act on multiple organ systems. The most common and clinically significant neuropathies of T2DM include uremic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. These conditions seriously impact an individual's quality of life and significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Although advances in gene sequencing technologies have identified several genetic variants that may regulate the development and progression of T2DM, little is known about whether or not the variants are involved in disease progression and how these genetic variants are associated with diabetic neuropathy specifically. Significant missing heritability data and complex disease etiologies remain to be explained. This article is the first to provide a review of the genetic risk variants implicated in the diabetic neuropathies and to highlight potential commonalities. We thereby aim to contribute to the creation of a genetic-metabolic model that will help to elucidate the cause of diabetic neuropathies, evaluate a patient's risk profile, and ultimately facilitate preventative and targeted treatment for the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ini-Isabée Witzel
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F. Jelinek
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research in Complex Systems, School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Apolipoprotein E4 produced in GABAergic interneurons causes learning and memory deficits in mice. J Neurosci 2015; 34:14069-78. [PMID: 25319703 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2281-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is expressed in many types of brain cells, is associated with age-dependent decline of learning and memory in humans, and is the major genetic risk factor for AD. To determine whether the detrimental effects of apoE4 depend on its cellular sources, we generated human apoE knock-in mouse models in which the human APOE gene is conditionally deleted in astrocytes, neurons, or GABAergic interneurons. Here we report that deletion of apoE4 in astrocytes does not protect aged mice from apoE4-induced GABAergic interneuron loss and learning and memory deficits. In contrast, deletion of apoE4 in neurons does protect aged mice from both deficits. Furthermore, deletion of apoE4 in GABAergic interneurons is sufficient to gain similar protection. This study demonstrates a detrimental effect of endogenously produced apoE4 on GABAergic interneurons that leads to learning and memory deficits in mice and provides a novel target for drug development for AD related to apoE4.
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Mao-Ying QL, Kavelaars A, Krukowski K, Huo XJ, Zhou W, Price TJ, Cleeland C, Heijnen CJ. The anti-diabetic drug metformin protects against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100701. [PMID: 24955774 PMCID: PMC4067328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) characterized by loss of sensory sensitivity and pain in hands and feet is the major dose-limiting toxicity of many chemotherapeutics. At present, there are no FDA-approved treatments for CIPN. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is the most widely used prescription drug in the world and improves glycemic control in diabetes patients. There is some evidence that metformin enhances the efficacy of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that metformin protects against chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and sensory deficits. Mice were treated with cisplatin together with metformin or saline. Cisplatin induced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation (mechanical allodynia) as measured using the von Frey test. Co-administration of metformin almost completely prevented the cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. Co-administration of metformin also prevented paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. The capacity of the mice to detect an adhesive patch on their hind paw was used as a novel indicator of chemotherapy-induced sensory deficits. Co-administration of metformin prevented the cisplatin-induced increase in latency to detect the adhesive patch indicating that metformin prevents sensory deficits as well. Moreover, metformin prevented the reduction in density of intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in the paw that develops as a result of cisplatin treatment. We conclude that metformin protects against pain and loss of tactile function in a mouse model of CIPN. The finding that metformin reduces loss of peripheral nerve endings indicates that mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of metformin includes a neuroprotective activity. Because metformin is widely used for treatment of type II diabetes, has a broad safety profile, and is currently being tested as an adjuvant drug in cancer treatment, clinical translation of these findings could be rapidly achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jiao Huo
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles Cleeland
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Taylor A, Westveld AH, Szkudlinska M, Guruguri P, Annabi E, Patwardhan A, Price TJ, Yassine HN. The use of metformin is associated with decreased lumbar radiculopathy pain. J Pain Res 2013; 6:755-63. [PMID: 24357937 PMCID: PMC3862700 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s52205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar radiculopathy pain represents a major public health problem, with few effective long-term treatments. Preclinical neuropathic and postsurgical pain studies implicate the kinase adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. Metformin, which acts via AMPK, is a safe and clinically available drug used in the treatment of diabetes. Despite the strong preclinical rationale, the utility of metformin as a potential pain therapeutic has not yet been studied in humans. Our objective was to assess whether metformin is associated with decreased lumbar radiculopathy pain, in a retrospective chart review. We completed a retrospective chart review of patients who sought care from a university pain specialist for lumbar radiculopathy between 2008 and 2011. Patients on metformin at the time of visit to a university pain specialist were compared with patients who were not on metformin. We compared the pain outcomes in 46 patients on metformin and 94 patients not taking metformin therapy. The major finding was that metformin use was associated with a decrease in the mean of "pain now," by -1.85 (confidence interval: -3.6 to -0.08) on a 0-10 visual analog scale, using a matched propensity scoring analysis and confirmed using a Bayesian analysis, with a significant mean decrease of -1.36 (credible interval: -2.6 to -0.03). Additionally, patients on metformin showed a non-statistically significant trend toward decreased pain on a variety of other pain descriptors. Our proof-of-concept findings suggest that metformin use is associated with a decrease in lumbar radiculopathy pain, providing a rational for larger retrospective trials in different pain populations and for prospective trials, to test the effectiveness of metformin in reducing neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anton H Westveld
- Statistics Laboratory, Bio5 Institute, Statistics GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA ; Faculty of ESTeM, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Emil Annabi
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, LA, CA, USA
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AMPK: An emerging target for modification of injury-induced pain plasticity. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt A:9-18. [PMID: 23831352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a critical medical problem afflicting hundreds of millions of people worldwide with costly effects on society and health care systems. Novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of pain are needed that are directly targeted to the molecular mechanisms that promote and maintain chronic pain states. Recent evidence suggests that peripheral pain plasticity is promoted and potentially maintained via changes in translation control that are mediated by mTORC1 and MAPK pathways. While these pathways can be targeted individually, stimulating the AMPK pathway with direct or indirect activators achieves inhibition of these pathways via engagement of a single kinase. Here we review the form, function and pharmacology of AMPK with special attention to its emerging role as a potential target for pain therapeutics. We present the existing evidence supporting a role of AMPK activation in alleviating symptoms of peripheral nerve injury- and incision-induced pain plasticity and the blockade of the development of chronic pain following surgery. We argue that these preclinical findings support a strong rationale for clinical trials of currently available AMPK activators and further development of novel pharmacological strategies for more potent and efficacious manipulation of AMPK in the clinical setting. Finally, we posit that AMPK represents a unique opportunity for drug development in the kinase area for pain because it is pharmacologically manipulated via activation rather than inhibition potentially offering a wider therapeutic window with interesting additional pharmacological opportunities. Altogether, the physiology, pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities surrounding AMPK make it an attractive target for novel intervention for chronic pain and its prevention.
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