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Jahrami H, Saif Z, Ammar A, Husain W, Trabelsi K, Ghazzawi H, Pandi-Perumal SR, Seeman MV. Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Patients with Serious Mental Illnesses (DIETQ-SMI) in Bahrain. Brain Sci 2024; 14:312. [PMID: 38671964 PMCID: PMC11047868 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
General food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have not been tailored for or validated in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Given the unique eating behaviors of patients with serious mental illnesses (SMIs), custom-made tools are needed. Therefore, we developed and validated an FFQ customized to individuals with SMIs. A total of 150 adults with SMIs (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression) were recruited from Bahrain. The participants completed the 50-item Dietary Intake Evaluation Questionnaire for Serious Mental Illness (DIETQ-SMI) FFQ and a 3-day food record (FR). The validity of the FFQ was assessed by comparing nutrient intake to FR intake using correlation and reliability statistics. The DIETQ-SMI demonstrated a good ranking validity compared to the FR based on correlation coefficients (rho 0.33 to 0.92) for energy and macro- and micronutrients. The FFQ had high internal consistency (McDonald's omega = 0.84; Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.90). The FFQ tended to estimate higher absolute intakes than the FR but adequately ranked the intakes. The FFQ value was correlated with the FR for all the items (p < 0.001). The DIETQ-SMI is a valid and reliable FFQ for ranking dietary intake in individuals with an SMI. It can help assess nutritional status and, subsequently, guide interventions in high-risk psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Governmental Hospitals, Manama P.O. Box 12, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain;
| | - Zahra Saif
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain;
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Waqar Husain
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hadeel Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mary V. Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada;
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Singh VK, Muralidhar D, Malo PK, Bhaskarapillai B, Muralidharan K. Effectiveness of Short-Term Lifestyle Modification on Reducing Body- Weight-Related Parameters in Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:352-359. [PMID: 37483568 PMCID: PMC10357896 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231155039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with severe mental illness (SMI) reportedly have a high mortality rate due to metabolic syndrome (MS). However, lifestyle modification (LM) offers effective management of some components of MS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LM in reducing body-weight-related parameters in SMIs. Method Eighty participants with SMI were assigned randomly to either LM (n = 40) or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 40) groups using block randomization (eight blocks of n = 10). The LM group and their caregivers received a structured LM package that included nutrition counselling, recommendations on a balanced diet, and physical activity. The two groups were assessed on body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and quality of life (QOL) at baseline and after three months. Thirty-one LM and 33 TAU participants completed the study. Results The LM and TAU groups were comparable on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and baseline variables of body weight, BMI, WC, and WHR (all P > 0.08). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) showed that the LM group had significantly reduced body weight, BMI, WC, and WHR (all P < 0.001) than the TAU group. Similarly, the LM group also showed improvement in their QOL (P < 0.001), whereas TAU showed no improvement. Conclusions LM is an effective way to reduce body-weight-related parameters of MS and improves the QOL among persons with SMI in the short term. The caregivers' inclusion during LM contributed to the weight reduction. However, the long-term effect of the intervention could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar Singh
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Daliboina Muralidhar
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Palash Kumar Malo
- Dept. of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Dept. of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (INI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Improving the Physical Health of Psychiatric Hospital Residents: An Evaluation of an Obesity Education Program for Mental Health Professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101851. [PMID: 36292296 PMCID: PMC9601487 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People living with mental health disorders are at increased risk for developing obesity due to poor diet, physical inactivity, and antipsychotic medications. In the United States, the obesity rate is 36% in the general population and more than 50% for people living with mental health disorders. Although mental health clinicians concentrate on managing psychiatric disorders, they seldom recognize the gradual increase in body mass index of their patients. The result is a disconnection between the clinical management of psychiatric disorders and the medical management of obesity. Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of an evidence-based education program for improving the obesity management practices of mental health clinicians caring for residents at a state psychiatric hospital. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study design with a pretest and posttest evaluation. Convenience sampling was used to recruit mental health professionals, or clinicians, at a large psychiatric hospital in the Southern region of the United States. Data was collected with the Advising and Treating Overweight and Obese Patient questionnaire (17 items). Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were reported in accordance with the TREND and GREET guidelines. Results: The education program was completed by 50 MHCs. The pretest indicated that 76% of MHCs were not involved in helping obese residents manage their weight, but the posttest indicated 90% were involved. There was a significant increase in MHC knowledge about obesity management and reported actions 90-days after the program. MHCs were unable to arrange follow-up visits for residents, a task not directly within their control. Conclusions: Mental health clinicians reported increased knowledge and improved clinical practice after an education program. Because the outcomes were reported at 90-days after the program, further research needs to evaluate the longitudinal impact of this type of program, where the reported behaviors are correlated to process and clinical outcome measures for obesity.
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Gill P, King K, Flego A. The use of e-& mHealth technology-based interventions to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors amongst individuals with severe mental illness (SMI): a scoping review. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Gill
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anna Flego
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Gorain RK, Ramu R, Sinha P, Govindan R. Impact of structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability of Persons with Mental Illness. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:226. [PMID: 36177421 PMCID: PMC9514245 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_904_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A structured physical activity program has many health benefits. Physical activity improves the functional ability of a patient with mental illness as an adjunctive treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a physical activity program on the level of functional ability of patients with mental illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pre-experimental research design and one group pre-post design were adopted. Thirty-one in-patients with mental illness who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study using convenient sampling. Baseline data were collected using sociodemographic and illness profiles developed by the researcher and validated by the experts. Functional ability and illness severity were assessed using the standardized World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) (36-item version) and the Clinical Global Improvement Scale. Pretest, i.e., intervention with structured physical activity, was administered for 40 consecutive days. A posttest was given 30 days after the intervention ended to assess the impact of the structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability among the study participants. RESULTS The impact of structured physical activity on functional ability was measured using the WHODAS 2.0, a 36-item version. The paired Sample t-test and the Wilcoxon Rank test analyzed the data. There was a significant improvement in the overall functional ability of study participants at P = 0. 001. CONCLUSION The study findings support that structured physical activity substantially impacts functional ability among patients with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Kumari Gorain
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramu
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Govindan
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kirschner V, Lamp N, Dinc Ü, Becker T, Kilian R, Mueller-Stierlin AS. The evaluation of a physical health promotion intervention for people with severe mental illness receiving community based accommodational support: a mixed-method pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:6. [PMID: 34983452 PMCID: PMC8728992 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy lifestyle constitutes a cause of increased morbidity and mortality in people with severe mental illness. The aim of this mixed-method pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an intervention to promote a health-conscious lifestyle in comparison to care as usual among people with severe mental illness receiving accommodational support in community settings. METHODS This was a prospective, quasi-experimental, controlled study over four six-month assessment points (t0, + 6 months, + 12 months, + 18 months) with 70 persons with severe mental illness receiving community based accommodational support. Mental health staff members of the housing facilities were trained in Motivational Interviewing and conducted a six-week health course with the intervention group participants in addition to care as usual. Next to the primary outcome - self-rated physical well-being (FEW 16) - anthropometric parameters and unhealthy behaviours (diet, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and oral hygiene) were examined. Effectiveness analysis was conducted using mixed-effects regression models with propensity score adjustment to control for selection bias. One year after the end of the intervention, semi-standardized expert interviews were conducted with 12 of these employees and evaluated by content analysis. RESULTS The qualitative interviews with mental health staff underline the intervention's feasibility in people with severe mental illness in sheltered housing, and the acceptability of and satisfaction with the intervention among mental health workers. But in this pilot study no superiority of the HELPS intervention compared to routine care could be demonstrated in terms of the investigated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot study underscore the feasibility and acceptability of health promotion programmes based on Motivational Interviewing and highlight the need to further develop multi-modal programs according to the needs of the target group. Long-term and sustainable support for healthy lifestyles of people with severe mental illness receiving community mental health care requires multi-modal concepts and organisational change. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00011659 , date of registration was 2017/02/15; retrospectively registered as date of first enrolment was 2017/01/24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Kirschner
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Lamp
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Ümmügülsüm Dinc
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Annabel Sandra Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany. .,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Schwabstraße 13, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
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Afzal M, Siddiqi N, Ahmad B, Afsheen N, Aslam F, Ali A, Ayesha R, Bryant M, Holt R, Khalid H, Ishaq K, Koly KN, Rajan S, Saba J, Tirbhowan N, Zavala GA. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in People With Severe Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:769309. [PMID: 34899604 PMCID: PMC8656226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.769309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims 1) To determine the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness (SMI), overall and by type of SMI, geographical region, and year of data collection; and 2) to assess the likelihood of overweight and obesity, in people with SMI compared with the general population. Methods PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify observational studies assessing the prevalence of obesity in adults with SMI. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently by two co-authors. Random effect estimates for the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity and the pooled odds of obesity in people with SMI compared with the general population were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for types of SMI, setting, antipsychotic medication, region of the world, country income classification, date of data collection and sex. We assessed publication bias and performed a series of sensitivity analyses, excluding studies with high risk of bias, with low sample size and those not reporting obesity according to WHO classification. Result 120 studies from 43 countries were included, the majority were from high income countries. The pooled prevalence of obesity in people with SMI was 25.9% (95% C.I. = 23.3-29.1) and the combined pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 60.1% (95% C.I. = 55.8-63.1). Sub-Saharan Africa (13.0%, 95%C.I. = 6.7-25.1) and South Asia (17.7%, 95%C.I. = 10.5-28.5) had the lowest prevalence of obesity whilst North Africa and the Middle East (35.8%, 95%C.I. = 23.8-44.8) reported the highest prevalence. People with SMI were 3.04 more likely (95% C.I. = 2.42-3.82) to have obesity than the general population, but there was no difference in the prevalence of overweight. Women with schizophrenia were 1.44 (95% C.I. = 1.25-1.67) times more likely than men with schizophrenia to live with obesity; however, no gender differences were found among those with bipolar disorder. Conclusion People with SMI have a markedly high prevalence and higher odds of obesity than the general population. This may contribute to the very high prevalence of physical health conditions and mortality in this group. People with SMI around the world would likely benefit from interventions to reduce and prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhia Afzal
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
- Health and Care of Older People, East Kent Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS Foundation), Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Afsheen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Aslam
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Ayesha
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Bryant
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Humaira Khalid
- Health and Care of Older People, East Kent Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS Foundation), Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Kousar Ishaq
- Health and Care of Older People, East Kent Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS Foundation), Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sukanya Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Jobaida Saba
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Gerardo A. Zavala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Effectiveness of a complex psychosocial intervention to reduce metabolic syndrome in psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9915-9924. [PMID: 34539154 PMCID: PMC8435195 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with severe mental illness is considerably higher than in the general population, contributing to the 15–20-year shorter life expectancy of this client population. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, complex psychosocial program to reduce metabolic syndrome. Members of both the intervention (n = 78) and control (n = 31) group were psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness struggling with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Beyond the default elements of similar programs such as diet and exercise, the intervention covered medication use, sleep hygiene, stress management, as well as addressing spiritual needs, mindfulness, addictions, and self-care. Assessment of metabolic indicators were completed at baseline, at the end of the 11-week intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. The trajectory of change over time was significantly more favorable in the treatment than in the control group in terms of waist circumference (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.093) and a positive trend emerged in relation to blood glucose level (p = 0.082, η2 = 0.057). However, no statistically reliable difference was observed between the intervention and the control group regarding the other outcome variables (body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride level, serum HDL cholesterol level, overall metabolic syndrome severity). These findings suggest that to produce more robust benefits, psychosocial interventions targeting the metabolic health of individuals with complex mental health needs should be either longer in duration if resources permit or narrower in focus (diet and exercise mainly) if resources are scarce.
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Ruud T, Høifødt TS, Hendrick DC, Drake RE, Høye A, Landers M, Heiervang KS, Bond GR. The Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale: Psychometric Properties. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2020; 47:901-910. [PMID: 32036479 PMCID: PMC7547955 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-020-01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mental health programs need an instrument to monitor adherence to evidence-based physical health care for people with serious mental illness. The paper describes the Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale and study interrater reliability, frequency distribution, sensitivity to change and feasibility. Four fidelity assessments were conducted over 18 months at 13 sites randomized to implementation support for evidence-based physical health care. We found good to excellent interrater reliability, adequate sensitivity for change, good feasibility and wide variability in fidelity across sites after 18 months of implementation. Programs were more successful in establishing Policies stating physical health care standards than in implementing these Policies. The Physical Health Care Fidelity Scale measures and guides implementation of evidence-based physical health care reliably.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03271242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torleif Ruud
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tordis Sørensen Høifødt
- University Hospital Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Clincial Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Anne Høye
- University Hospital Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Clincial Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Kristin S Heiervang
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Yıldız E. The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on lifestyle and behavioral changes: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:657-690. [PMID: 32043617 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine, evaluate, and synthesize the best available evidence about the evidence-based pragmatic effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on lifestyle and behavioral changes (LBCs). DESIGN AND METHODS The PICOS formulations were used to improve the search strategy of this systematic review with the aim to find the right evidence and ask the right questions. The assessed articles were subjected to quality assessment using the PRISMA checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized critical assessment and data extraction tools. FINDINGS This study involved 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which met the research criteria. Although the included RCTs have several limitations in themselves, the results of this study suggested that the ACT will help maintain long-term LBCs (eg, weight management, effective coping with substance-related and addictive problems, eating and physical activity). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Given that ACT is a trandiagnostic approach that promotes health-related LBCs in many diseases and populations, it seems reasonable for clinicians to use and test ACT to achieve pragmatic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Werkkala C, Välimäki M, Anttila M, Pekurinen V, Bressington D. Validation of the Finnish Health Improvement Profile (HIP) with patients with severe mental illness. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:112. [PMID: 32160873 PMCID: PMC7065367 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical health among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is a global concern. However, many people with SMI do not receive regular comprehensive health checks. There is currently no validated physical health check instrument systematically used in Finnish mental health services. Therefore, this study aims to validate and establish the potential clinical utility of the translated Health Improvement Profile (HIP) tool for Finnish patients with SMI and compare differences in physical health risk items across genders. METHODS The content validity of the two-way translated Finnish HIP (HIP-F) was evaluated by five nurses and four patients with SMI using cognitive debriefing (to assess the clarity and relevance of each item and the recommended actions of the HIP tool). The potential clinical utility was assessed using a pilot test involving 47 patients. The prevalence of red-flagged (risk) items in the whole sample, across female and male participants, and the frequencies of any type of missing item response were calculated and analysed using descriptive statistics. A chi-square test was used to determine differences in frequencies of red-flagged items across genders. RESULTS Based on the cognitive debriefing, the HIP-F was found to have moderate content validity regarding the clarity and relevance of the items and recommended actions (the average scale level content validity index, S-CVI/Ave, 0.74). In the pilot test, some missing item responses were identified, but in the sample, nurses identified 399 areas of health and health behaviour risks (mean 8.6 per patient) using the HIP-F. The most frequently red-flagged items were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (83.0%), smoking status (48.9%) and lipid levels (46.8%). Female patients had a higher frequency of red-flagged items than males in BMI (92.6% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (96.3% vs. 65.0%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the Finnish HIP has moderate content validity and preliminary clinical utility for evaluating the physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI. The HIP-F findings help to sign-post evidence-based interventions for identified areas of concern. Additional nurse training may be necessary to realise the potential clinical utility of the tool in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Werkkala
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20014 Turku, Finland ,grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Minna Anttila
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Virve Pekurinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Bressington
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Correll CU, Schooler NR. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Review and Clinical Guide for Recognition, Assessment, and Treatment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:519-534. [PMID: 32110026 PMCID: PMC7041437 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s225643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently a chronic and disabling disorder, characterized by heterogeneous positive and negative symptom constellations. The objective of this review was to provide information that may be useful for clinicians treating patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia that account for a large part of the long-term disability and poor functional outcomes in patients with the disorder. The term negative symptoms describes a lessening or absence of normal behaviors and functions related to motivation and interest, or verbal/emotional expression. The negative symptom domain consists of five key constructs: blunted affect, alogia (reduction in quantity of words spoken), avolition (reduced goal-directed activity due to decreased motivation), asociality, and anhedonia (reduced experience of pleasure). Negative symptoms are common in schizophrenia; up to 60% of patients may have prominent clinically relevant negative symptoms that require treatment. Negative symptoms can occur at any point in the course of illness, although they are reported as the most common first symptom of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms can be primary symptoms, which are intrinsic to the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia, or secondary symptoms that are related to psychiatric or medical comorbidities, adverse effects of treatment, or environmental factors. While secondary negative symptoms can improve as a consequence of treatment to improve symptoms in other domains (ie, positive symptoms, depressive symptoms or extrapyramidal symptoms), primary negative symptoms generally do not respond well to currently available antipsychotic treatment with dopamine D2 antagonists or partial D2 agonists. Since some patients may lack insight about the presence of negative symptoms, these are generally not the reason that patients seek clinical care, and clinicians should be especially vigilant for their presence. Negative symptoms clearly constitute an unmet medical need in schizophrenia, and new and effective treatments are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Charité Universitätsmedizin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina R Schooler
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Alvarez E, Qutob M, Mbuagbaw L, Lavis J, Lokker C, Walli-Attaei M, Samaan Z, Sutton A, Singh J, Feeny D, Fortuna J. Feasibility and implementation of a healthy lifestyles program in a community setting in Ontario, Canada: protocol for a pragmatic mixed methods pilot study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031298. [PMID: 31619429 PMCID: PMC6797346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rates of chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity are increasing in Canada and internationally. There are effective lifestyle interventions that are known to improve chronic conditions. However, there is often a gap in 'how to' make lifestyle changes. Mental health and other determinants of health play a role in the development and progression of chronic conditions. Changing habits takes time and requires the use of multiple techniques, including mental health and behavioural change strategies, based on a person's needs. A new, multidisciplinary, person-centred and evidence-based and practice-based programme has been created to address these needs. This proposal aims to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of this programme and to determine changes in participant-directed and clinical outcomes through a pilot study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A pragmatic mixed methods design will be used to study multiple dimensions of the year-long healthy lifestyles programme. The pilot study includes a randomised controlled trial, with 30 participants randomised to either the programme or to a comparator arm, and qualitative components to determine the feasibility of the programme, including recruitment and retention, data missing rates and resources needed to run this programme. Changes in participant-directed and clinical outcomes will be measured. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for within group comparisons and generalised estimating equations for between group analyses will be used. Qualitative interviews of programme staff and healthcare providers and family focus groups will be used to further enhance the findings and improve the programme. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HiREB) has been obtained. Informed consent will be obtained prior to enrolling any participant into the study. Participant IDs will be used during data collection and entry. Peer-reviewed publications and presentations will target researchers, health professionals and stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03258138.HiREB project number: 3793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alvarez
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majdi Qutob
- Innovation Science and Medicine (ISM), Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Lavis
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lokker
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arielle Sutton
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Japteg Singh
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Feeny
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Fortuna
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- City of Hamilton Public Health Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kim SW, Park WY, Jhon M, Kim M, Lee JY, Kim SY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS. Physical Health Literacy and Health-related Behaviors in Patients with Psychosis. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:279-287. [PMID: 30905128 PMCID: PMC6478081 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study compared the levels of knowledge of physical illnesses and patterns of health behaviors between patients with psychosis and the general population. Methods A total of 712 participants were included in the study; 292 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and 420 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Questionnaires were administered to study participants to determine the level of knowledge of chronic physical illnesses such as cancer, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and health-related behavior. Results from the two study groups were compared to identify differences in knowledge of physical illness and health-related behaviors. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with psychosis were less likely to undergo regular medical check-ups and engage in exercise. Patients with psychosis had poorer knowledge of physical illnesses, and were more likely to smoke, be overweight, or have diabetes. Patients with psychosis were significantly less likely to acknowledge the importance of early detection of cancer and controlling hypertension and diabetes, independent of education and type of medical insurance. Patients who smoked were significantly less likely to agree with the statement on the relationship between smoking and physical illnesses. Patients not undergoing regular medical check-ups were significantly less likely to agree with statements concerning the need for cancer screening. Conclusion Patients with psychosis demonstrated lower levels of knowledge of physical illnesses and a lack of understanding of preventive behaviors. Low levels of knowledge were associated with poor health-related behaviors. Education of physical health should be provided to patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School.,Gwangju Mental Health and Welfare Commission.,MindLink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center
| | | | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School.,MindLink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center
| | - Mina Kim
- Gwangju Mental Health and Welfare Commission.,Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Chonnam National University
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School.,Gwangju Mental Health and Welfare Commission.,MindLink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School
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Singh VK, Karmani S, Malo PK, Virupaksha HG, Muralidhar D, Venkatasubramanian G, Muralidharan K. Impact of lifestyle modification on some components of metabolic syndrome in persons with severe mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:17-25. [PMID: 30539768 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is reportedly associated with high mortality from mostly cardiovascular causes in patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Lifestyle interventions augment effective management of MS in patients with SMD. The present meta-analysis aims at updating the recent evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for MS in patients with SMD. METHOD A literature search for English Language publications of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2001 to 2016 comparing lifestyle modification (LM) with treatment as usual (TAU) in the management of MS were identified. Using PRISMA guidelines, 19 RCTs reporting data on 1688 SMD and MS patients and providing data on change in Body Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were included. Using random effects model, standardized mean difference between LM and TAU for the mean baseline-to-endpoint change in body weight, BMI and WC was calculated with a 95% confidence limit, on RevMan 5.3. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016046847). RESULTS LM had significantly superior efficacy in the reducing weight (-0.64, 95% CI -0.89, -0.39, Z = 5.03, overall effect p < 0.00001), BMI (-0.68, 95% CI -1.01, -0.35, Z = 4.05, overall effect p < 0.0001), and WC (-0.60, 95% CI -1.17, -0.03, Z = 2.06; overall effect p = 0.04), compared to TAU. LM was significantly more effective than TAU even in short duration (p = 0.0001) and irrespective of the treatment setting. CONCLUSION Interventions targeting LM in persons with SMD and MS are effective in reducing body weight, BMI and WC. It must be routinely recommended to all patients with SMD, ideally during commencement stage of second generation antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Karmani
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Palash Kumar Malo
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - H G Virupaksha
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Daliboina Muralidhar
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (INI), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India.
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Shafie S, Lee SP, Ong SBC, Wang P, Seow E, Ong HL, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia in a long-stay inpatient schizophrenia population in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:465-471. [PMID: 29430576 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with schizophrenia have shorter life expectancy and one of the main causes of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Modifiable risk factors for CVD include diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidaemia. This study aimed to establish: (a) the prevalence and correlates of DM and dyslipidaemia; (b) the proportion of those whose condition was well controlled; and (c) the incidence of undiagnosed DM and dyslipidaemia in a long-stay inpatient schizophrenia population. METHODS Data was collected to assess the physical health status of 110 inpatients with schizophrenia who had been in hospital for over one year. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosis of physical and mental illnesses, and current medications was obtained from their medical records. The overall prevalence of DM and dyslipidaemia was based on diagnosis in the medical records, current medications and fasting blood test results. RESULTS The patient group was predominantly male (85.5%), with a mean age of 55.9 ± 9.9 (range 25-90) years. Overall prevalence of DM and dyslipidaemia was 19.1% and 62.7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Malay (odds ratio [OR] 14.97) and Indian (OR 25.71) patients were significantly more likely to have DM when compared to Chinese patients. CONCLUSION In comparison to the general population, the prevalence of DM and dyslipidaemia was found to be higher in inpatients with schizophrenia. However, the two chronic illnesses were well controlled in inpatients and few were undiagnosed, perhaps due to the regular monitoring, supervised diet and regular physical activities arranged for inpatients in the long-stay inpatient wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siau Pheng Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Peizhi Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Ramudo Cela L, Ávila González MJ, Yáñez Rubal JC, Díaz Platas LM, Martín Herranz MI, Díaz Del Valle JC. Coronary vascular disease event risk and metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients enrolled in an assertive treatment community program. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 81:28-32. [PMID: 29220641 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of coronary vascular disease event (CVDE) and the prevalence metabolic syndrome (MS) and its cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients with severe mental illnesses enrolled in an assertive treatment community program (ATC) in Spain. METHOD We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study with all of the patients included in an ATC program in 2016 in a health area with 547,328 inhabitants in Galicia, Spain. We identified the CVRF in all the individuals, and calculated MS and 10-year CVDE. We also compared the prevalence of all traits in our cohort and the general population. RESULTS The 10-year median of coronary vascular disease event (CVDE10) was 8.4%. The percentage of individuals with high CVDE10 (>5%) was 41.2% The CVDE10 median was higher in men than women (10.5% vs 5.1%, p<0.001). MS was detected in 50% of patients without differences between men and women (51.2% vs 48.2%). A prevalence of 68% was found for smoking, 55% for dyslipidemia, 47% for obesity, 29% for impaired glucose metabolism, and 38% for hypertension. Women showed a higher prevalence of obesity measured by elevated waist circumference (88.9% vs 55.6%, p=0.003). Men showed a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (46.6% vs 22.2%, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The SMD Patients enrolled in ATC programs had a 1.5-times higher prevalence of MS and 8 times higher CVDE10 than those reported in the general population. Individual CVRF were also higher in the SMD patients. Prevention, early detection, and comprehensive treatment are important issues for patients with severe mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ramudo Cela
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María José Ávila González
- Department of Psychiatry, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Yáñez Rubal
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía María Díaz Platas
- Department of Nuclear pharmacy, Galaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín Herranz
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz Del Valle
- Department of Psychiatry, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Ward T, Wynaden D, Heslop K. Who is responsible for metabolic screening for mental health clients taking antipsychotic medications? Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:196-203. [PMID: 28093900 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is common in mental health consumer populations, and is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes. Metabolic screening is a way of recognising consumers who are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome but internationally screening rates remain low. A retrospective audit was completed at one Australian public mental health service on the case files of 100 randomly selected consumers to determine nurses level of compliance with metabolic screening policies over a 12 month period. Consumers included in the review were prescribed antipsychotic medications for at least 12 months and had their care in the community coordinated by mental health nurses. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Low levels of metabolic screening were identified and these levels decreased over the 12 months under review. No consumers had metabolic screening that recorded all parameters at three monthly intervals over the 12 month period. Only one consumer had every metabolic parameter recorded on the physical health screen tool at baseline assessment. The findings demonstrated that while there is increased awareness of co-morbid physical health issues in this consumer population, the translation of guidelines and policy directives to clinical practice to address this disparity remains low. Improving physical health outcomes is the responsibility of all health professionals, particularly doctors who prescribe and nurses who administer antipsychotic medications regularly to mental health consumers. Moreover, nurses are well placed to demonstrate leadership in reducing the rate of metabolic syndrome through the delivery of holistic care that includes effective screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ward
- Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne Wynaden
- Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Heslop
- Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Long-term metabolic effects of aripiprazole, ziprasidone and quetiapine: a pragmatic clinical trial in drug-naïve patients with a first-episode of non-affective psychosis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:245-255. [PMID: 29075885 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) has been associated with metabolic changes. However, there are differences in the metabolic profile between SGAs. We have previously observed that ziprasidone had a more benign early metabolic profile compared to aripiprazole and quetiapine. However, a long-term follow-up is preferred to detect clinically relevant impairment in metabolic parameters. We aimed to compare the effect of aripiprazole, ziprasidone, and quetiapine on metabolic measures in first-episode non-affective psychosis patients after 1 year of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-five drug-naïve patients, suffering from a first episode of non-affective psychosis, were randomly assigned to receive quetiapine, ziprasidone, or aripiprazole. Weight and glycemic/lipid parameters were recorded at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. RESULTS After 1 year of antipsychotic treatment, we found significant increments in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/HDL index in the sample as a whole. These changes produced a significant rise in the percentage of patients with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. However, when comparing the differential effect of each antipsychotic medication, we found no significant differences in any of the metabolic parameters between antipsychotics groups after 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSION We concluded that the antipsychotics studied present similar metabolic profiles. However, the primary exposure to SGAs during the first year of psychosis was associated with significant increases in weight and metabolic parameters, leading to increments in obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
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Rogers ES, Maru M, Kash-MacDonald M, Archer-Williams M, Hashemi L, Boardman J. A Randomized Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect of a Healthcare Access Model for Individuals with Severe Psychiatric Disabilities. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:667-74. [PMID: 27137507 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized trial to examine a model for integrating primary care into a community mental health setting. Two hundred individuals were recruited and randomly assigned to receive primary care delivered by a nurse practitioner (n = 94) or services-as-usual (n = 106), assessed on health and mental health outcomes, and followed for 12 months. Intent-to-Treat and exposure analyses were conducted and suggest that participants who engaged with the nurse practitioner experienced gains in perceptions of primary care quality. Health benefits accrued for individuals having receiving nurse practitioner services in a mental health setting to address primary care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sally Rogers
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, West, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mihoko Maru
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, West, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Kash-MacDonald
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, West, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, England
| | - Mariah Archer-Williams
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, West, Boston, MA, USA.,Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lobat Hashemi
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave, West, Boston, MA, USA.,Genzyme, Sanofi, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Boardman
- Northeast Health Systems/Health and Education Services, Inc., Beverly, MA, USA.,Salem State University, Salem, MA, USA
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21
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Assessment of Response to Providing Health-related Information in a Community Psychiatry Outpatient Setting. J Psychiatr Pract 2016; 22:344-7. [PMID: 27427848 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the subjective responses of patient and staff to the provision of health-related information in an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Simple educational information on healthy eating, exercising, and smoking cessation was provided in the waiting area of a clinic over the course of a year. This information took the form of educational handouts, educational DVDs, and monthly "special events" such as a poster competition for smoking cessation. In addition, patients were given an opportunity to attend free nutritional counseling sessions. Also, when needed, staff assisted patients in making appointments with primary care physicians. At the end of the year, a survey was distributed to patients and staff to assess the perceived benefits of the initiative. The majority of the 79 patients who completed the survey (n=60, 76%) had used the information provided, 95% of whom (n=57) had made some behavioral change, with 13% of the total survey respondents indicating that they had quit smoking. Ninety percent of the surveyed providers (18/20) felt that the initiative had had a positive impact on their patients. These results suggest that simple, low cost health and wellness initiatives in conjunction with an enthusiastic expenditure of a relatively small amount of staff time have the potential to have a positive impact on individuals attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic.
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Happell B, Ewart SB, Bocking J, Platania-Phung C, Stanton R. ‘That red flag on your file’: misinterpreting physical symptoms as mental illness. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:2933-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Happell
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre; University of Canberra, Faculty of Health and ACT Health; Woden ACT Australia
- UC Health Research Institute; University of Canberra; Woden ACT Australia
| | - Stephanie B Ewart
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre; University of Canberra and ACT Health; Woden ACT Australia
- Independent Consumer Academic; Life Expectancy Advocate (Mental Health); Sydney Australia
| | - Julia Bocking
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre; University of Canberra, Faculty of Health and ACT Health; Woden ACT Australia
| | - Chris Platania-Phung
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre; University of Canberra, Faculty of Health and ACT Health; Woden ACT Australia
- Canberra Hospital; Woden ACT Australia
| | - Robert Stanton
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre; University of Canberra, Faculty of Health and ACT Health; Woden ACT Australia
- Canberra Hospital; Woden ACT Australia
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Qld Australia
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23
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Phillips KL, Copeland LA, Zeber JE, Stock EM, Tsan JY, MacCarthy AA. Racial/Ethnic disparities in monitoring metabolic parameters for patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic medications. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:596-606. [PMID: 25154537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with schizophrenia experience risks for metabolic dysregulation from medications and lifestyle behaviors. Although most patients with schizophrenia in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) receive antipsychotics, variation in monitoring metabolic dysregulation by race/ethnicity has not been assessed. This study analyzed differential monitoring of metabolic parameters by minority status. METHODS This retrospective study approximated the five components of metabolic syndrome (fasting glucose, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and large waistline) using archival data, substituting body mass index for waistline. VA patients with schizophrenia age 50 or older were followed from October 1, 2001 through September 2009 (N = 30,258). Covariates included age, gender, race (white, black), Hispanic ethnicity, region, marital status, VA priority status, comorbidity, and antipsychotic type. Repeated-measures analysis assessed the association of race/ethnicity with metabolic monitoring. RESULTS Average patients age was 59 years (standard deviation: 9; range: 50-101), 97% were men, 70% white, 30% black, and 8% Hispanic. At baseline, 6% were monitored on all five metabolic components; this increased to 29% by 2005. In adjusted models, blacks were less likely to be monitored on all parameters, whereas Hispanics were less likely to have glucose and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol monitored but more likely to have triglycerides tested. By 2009, lab assays were similar across race and ethnicity. CONCLUSION Guideline-concordant monitoring metabolic parameters appear to be equitable but low and somewhat at odds with racial/ethnic risk among older patients with schizophrenia. Physicians should discuss lipids, weight, and glucose with patients at risk for developing heart disease, diabetes, and other sequelae of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel A Copeland
- Center for Applied Health Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, jointly with Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX.
| | - John E Zeber
- Center for Applied Health Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, jointly with Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX
| | - Eileen M Stock
- Center for Applied Health Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, jointly with Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX
| | - Jack Y Tsan
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
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Gühne U, Weinmann S, Arnold K, Becker T, Riedel-Heller SG. S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies in severe mental illness: evidence and recommendations. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:173-88. [PMID: 25384674 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The burden of severe and persistent mental illness is high. Beside somatic treatment and psychotherapeutic interventions, treatment options for patients with severe mental illness also include psychosocial interventions. This paper summarizes the results of a number of systematic literature searches on psychosocial interventions for people with severe mental illness. Based on this evidence appraisal, recommendations for the treatment of people with severe mental illness were formulated and published in the evidence-based guideline series of the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Neurology (DGPPN) as an evidence-based consensus guideline ("S3 guideline"). Recommendations were strongly based on study results, but used consensus processes to consider external validity and transferability of the recommended practices to the German mental healthcare system. A distinction is made between system-level interventions (multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care, case management, vocational rehabilitation and participation in work life and residential care interventions) and single psychosocial interventions (psychoeducation, social skills training, arts therapies, occupational therapy and exercise therapy). There is good evidence for the efficacy of the majority of psychosocial interventions in the target group. The best available evidence exists for multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care, family psychoeducation, social skills training and supported employment. The present guideline offers an important opportunity to further improve health services for people with severe mental illness in Germany. Moreover, the guideline highlights areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Gühne
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany,
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McMillan TM, Weir CJ, Wainman-Lefley J. Mortality and morbidity 15 years after hospital admission with mild head injury: a prospective case-controlled population study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1214-20. [PMID: 24623794 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mortality rate in a population of adults admitted to hospital with mild head injury (MHI) 15 years later. DESIGN A prospective case control, record linkage study. PARTICIPANTS 2428 adults with MHI and an equal number of community controls (CC) were case-matched for age, gender and social deprivation. A further control group admitted with a non-head injury was in addition matched for duration of hospital admission. Controls with a history of head injury prior to study entry were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death or survival 15 years poststudy entry. RESULTS Mortality per 1000 per year after MHI (24.49; 95% CI 23.21 to 25.79) was higher than in CC (13.34; 95% CI 12.29 to 14.44; p<0.0001) or 'other injury' controls (OIC) (19.63; 95% CI 18.43 to 20.87; p<0.0001). Age at injury was important: younger adults (15-54 years) with MHI had a 4.2-fold greater risk of death than CC; in adults aged over 54, the risk was 1.4 times higher. Gender and social deprivation showed a similar association with death in the MHI and control groups. Repeated head injury was a risk factor for death in the MHI group. The frequency of hospital admission with systemic disease preinjury and postinjury was higher in both injury groups than in CC and higher in MHI than OIC. Prospective data in the MHI group suggest an association between preinjury lifestyle and mortality. Causes of death after MHI were similar to those of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Adults hospitalised with MHI had greater risk of death in the following 15 years than matched controls. The extent to which lifestyle and potential chronic changes in neuropathology explain these findings is unclear. Lifestyle factors do contribute to risk of death after MHI and this finding has implications for lifestyle management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M McMillan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C J Weir
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh and Edinburgh Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wainman-Lefley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Clerici M, Bartoli F, Carretta D, Crocamo C, Bebbington P, Carrà G. Cardiovascular risk factors among people with severe mental illness in Italy: a cross-sectional comparative study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:698-702. [PMID: 25217493 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in people with severe mental illness (SMI), estimating its weight on related risks in Southern Europe, an area with distinct dietary traditions. People with SMI may be more likely than general population to have high prevalence of risk factors for CVDs, due to several reasons, including poor health behaviours and psychopharmacological medications. METHOD A cross-sectional study has been conducted, comparing inpatients with and without SMI. Univariate and multivariate analyses and logistic regression models have been carried out, exploring the effect of SMI on the prevalence of CVD risk factors. RESULTS Although obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent among people with SMI, controlling for relevant confounders in multivariate analyses we could not detect any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS People with SMI may not necessarily have higher CVD risk, as compared with general population. Mediterranean healthy dietary habits, universal health coverage, families providing strong support, all are possible explanations for our findings. Further research is needed, exploring different mechanisms, with more detailed biological and genetics measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Clerici
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Carretta
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paul Bebbington
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Woodhead C, Ashworth M, Schofield P, Henderson M. Patterns of physical co-/multi-morbidity among patients with serious mental illness: a London borough-based cross-sectional study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2014; 15:117. [PMID: 24919453 PMCID: PMC4062514 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Serious mental illness (SMI) is associated with elevated mortality compared to the general population; the majority of this excess is attributable to co-occurring common physical health conditions. There may be variation within the SMI group in the distribution of physical co/multi-morbidity. This study aims to a) compare the pattern of physical co- and multi-morbidity between patients with and without SMI within a South London primary care population; and, b) to explore socio-demographic and health risk factors associated with excess physical morbidity among the SMI group. Methods Data were obtained from Lambeth DataNet, a database of electronic patient records derived from general practices in the London borough of Lambeth. The pattern of 12 co-morbid common physical conditions was compared by SMI status. Multivariate ordinal and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the strength of association between each condition and SMI status; adjustments were made for potentially confounding socio-demographic characteristics and for potentially mediating health risk factors. Results While SMI patients were more frequently recorded with all 12 physical conditions than non-SMI patients, the pattern of co-/multi-morbidity was similar between the two groups. Adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics – in particular age and, to a lesser extent ethnicity, considerably reduced effect sizes and accounted for some of the associations, though several conditions remained strongly associated with SMI status. Evidence for mediation by health risk factors, in particular BMI, was supported. Conclusions SMI patients are at an elevated risk of a range of physical health conditions than non-SMI patients but they do not appear to experience a different pattern of co-/multimorbidity among those conditions considered. Socio-demographic differences between the two groups account for some of the excess in morbidity and known health risk factors are likely to mediate the association. Further work to examine a wider range of conditions and health risk factors would help determine the extent of excess mortality attributable to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Corrigan PW, Pickett S, Batia K, Michaels PJ. Peer navigators and integrated care to address ethnic health disparities of people with serious mental illness. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 29:581-93. [PMID: 25144699 PMCID: PMC5371355 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2014.893854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
People of color with serious mental illnesses experience high rates of morbidity and mortality. Patient navigators, developed for cancer care, may help this group benefit from integrated care. This review examined patient navigators' key ingredients for cancer care for relevance to patients of color for application of peer services to psychiatric goals. Among cancer patients, navigators lead to greater treatment engagement and improved health outcomes for ethnic minority groups. Research also suggests peers can improve integrated care by providing effective psychiatric services to individuals with mental illness. Ongoing research examines peer navigators' impact on integrated care for patients of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Corrigan
- a Lewis College of Human Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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Giannopoulou I, Botonis P, Kostara C, Skouroliakou M. Diet and exercise effects on aerobic fitness and body composition in seriously mentally ill adults. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 14:620-7. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.862871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cunningham C, Peters K, Mannix J. Physical health inequities in people with severe mental illness: identifying initiatives for practice change. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2013; 34:855-62. [PMID: 24274241 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.832826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
People with severe mental illness have a higher prevalence of co-morbid physical diseases and a significantly reduced life expectancy when compared with people in the general population. This article explores the literature published between 2002 and 2012 in order to identify causes of poor physical health in those with severe mental illness and discusses interventions that may be implemented to enhance health outcomes for this group. The causes of poor physical health in those with severe mental illness are difficult to address. However, existing literature does identify some interventions that can potentially provide the basis for practice change.
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Jaramillo CL, Mejía AC, Velásquez AH, Restrepo Palacio TF, Zuluaga JO. Síndrome metabólico y trastorno afectivo bipolar: una revisión de la literatura. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 42:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7450(13)70021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Verhaeghe N, Clays E, Vereecken C, De Maeseneer J, Maes L, Van Heeringen C, De Bacquer D, Annemans L. Health promotion in individuals with mental disorders: a cluster preference randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:657. [PMID: 23855449 PMCID: PMC3721998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature on weight management interventions targeting physical activity and healthy eating in mental health care appears to provide only limited evidence. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a 10-week health promotion intervention, followed by a 6-month follow-up period in individuals with mental disorders living in sheltered housing in the Flanders region (Belgium). METHODS The study had a cluster preference randomized controlled design. Twenty-five sheltered housing organisations agreed to participate (16 in the intervention group, nine in the control group). In the intervention group, 225 individuals agreed to participate, while in the control group 99 individuals entered into the study. The main outcomes were changes in body weight, Body Mass Index, waist circumference and fat mass. Secondary outcomes consisted of changes in physical activity levels, eating habits, health-related quality of life and psychiatric symptom severity. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the intervention group and the control group regarding body weight (-0.35 vs. +0.22 kg; p=0.04), Body Mass Index (-0.12 vs. +0.08 kg/m2; p=0.04), waist circumference (-0.29 vs. + 0.55 cm; p<0.01), and fat mass (-0.99 vs. -0.12%; p<0.01). The decrease in these outcomes in the intervention group disappeared during the follow up period, except for fat mass. Within the intervention group, a larger decrease in the primary outcomes was found in the participants who completed the intervention. No significant differences between the two groups in changes in the secondary outcomes were found, except for the pedometer-determined steps/day. In the intervention group, the mean number of daily steps increased, while it decreased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that small significant improvements in the primary outcomes are possible in individuals with mental disorders. Integration of health promotion activities targeting physical activity and healthy eating into daily care are, however, necessary to maintain the promising results. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 01336946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan De Maeseneer
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lea Maes
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Annemans
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Pearson GS. Terminal psychiatric illness. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2013; 49:73-4. [PMID: 23557448 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Foguet Boreu Q, Roura Poch P, Bullón Chia A, Mauri Martin C, Gordo Serra N, Cecília Costa R. [Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular risk and quality of life in patients with a severe mental disorder]. Aten Primaria 2013; 45:141-8. [PMID: 23200694 PMCID: PMC6985505 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), level of cardiovascular risk (CVR) and to analyse the relationship between CVR and quality of life in patients with severe mental illness (SMI). DESIGN OF STUDY Cross sectional study. SETTING Mental Health Service, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic (Barcelona). SUBJECTS Patients over 18 years diagnosed with SMI. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Data was collected on, socio-demographic variables, toxic habits, previous pathologies, family history of premature cardiovascular disease, psychiatric diagnoses, physical parameters and laboratory findings. The CVR was determined by the SCORE and REGICOR scales. Quality of life was measured by Euro-QoL and Seville Questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 137 patients with SMI were included; 64.9% female, and a mean age 51.1 years (SD 12.9). Major CVRF distribution: 40.1% smoking, 37.9% hypertension, 56.2% dyslipidemia, and 11.1% diabetes. The criteria for obesity and metabolic syndrome were met by 37.9% and 48.4% of the patients, respectively. The average major CVRF was 1.5 factors. The CVR was high in 4.6% of the sample by SCORE and in 5.4% by REGICOR. Neither the patients who accumulated more CVRF or those with high CVR scores showed a worse quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent CVRF in patients with SMI are smoking and dyslipidemia, with a prevalence that exceeded population-based studies. The subgroup of depressive disorders showed a higher CVR and worse quality of life. No relationships were found between the CVR and the quality of life.
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Zschucke E, Gaudlitz K, Ströhle A. Exercise and physical activity in mental disorders: clinical and experimental evidence. J Prev Med Public Health 2013; 46 Suppl 1:S12-21. [PMID: 23412549 PMCID: PMC3567313 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.s.s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have shown that exercise (EX) and physical activity (PA) can prevent or delay the onset of different mental disorders, and have therapeutic benefits when used as sole or adjunct treatment in mental disorders. This review summarizes studies that used EX interventions in patients with anxiety, affective, eating, and substance use disorders, as well as schizophrenia and dementia/mild cognitive impairment. Despite several decades of clinical evidence with EX interventions, controlled studies are sparse in most disorder groups. Preliminary evidence suggests that PA/EX can induce improvements in physical, subjective and disorder-specific clinical outcomes. Potential mechanisms of action are discussed, as well as implications for psychiatric research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zschucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Gaudlitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Moteshafi H, Stip E. Comparing tolerability profile of quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and ziprasidone in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 11:713-32. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.712682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zschucke E, Heinz A, Ströhle A. Exercise and physical activity in the therapy of substance use disorders. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:901741. [PMID: 22629222 PMCID: PMC3354725 DOI: 10.1100/2012/901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity are constantly gaining attention as adjuvant treatment for substance use disorders, supplementing classical pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches. The present work reviews studies addressing the therapeutic effects of exercise in alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine abuse/dependence, and illicit drug abuse/dependence. In the field of smoking cessation, evidence is strong for exercise as an effective adjuvant treatment, whereas no generalizable and methodologically strong studies have been published for alcohol and drug treatment so far, allowing only preliminary conclusions about the effectiveness of exercise in these disorders. A couple of potential mechanisms are discussed, by which exercise may act as an effective treatment, as well as future directions for studies investigating exercise as a treatment strategy for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zschucke
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 101117 Berlin, Germany.
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