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Zhang ZY, You LY, Liu YF, Zhang SJ, Ruan YP, Zhang X, Hu LL. Mechanism of action of the Banxia-Xiakucao herb pair in sleep deprivation: New comprehensive evidence from network pharmacology, transcriptomics and molecular biology experiments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118534. [PMID: 38986753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herb pairs are the most basic and compressed examples of Chinese herbal combinations and can be used to effectively explain the fundamental concepts of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. These pairings have gained significant interest due to their subtle therapeutic benefits, minimal side effects, and efficacy in treating complicated chronic conditions. The Banxia-Xiakucao Chinese herb pair (BXHP) consists of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Banxia) and Prunella vulgaris L. (Xiakucao). This formula was documented in The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor approximately 2000 years ago,and clinical research has demonstrated that BXHP effectively treats insomnia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of the BXHP through a comprehensive strategy involving network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptomics, and molecular biology experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The composition of BXHP was characterized using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The active compounds were screened to find drug-likeness compounds by analyzing the ADME data. To predict the molecular mechanism of BXHP in sleep deprivation (SD) by network pharmacology and molecular docking. We established a rat model of SD and the in vivo efficacy of BXHP was verified through the pentobarbital sodium righting reflex test, behavioral assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transmission electron microscopy, HE staining, and Nissl staining, and the underlying molecular mechanism of BXHP in SD was revealed through transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses in conjunction with quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS In the present study, we showed for the first time that BXHP reduced sleep latency, prolongs sleep duration, and improves anxiety; lowered serum CORT, IL6, TNF-α and MDA levels; decreased hypothalamic Glu levels; and elevated hypothalamic GABA and 5-HT levels in SD rats. We found 16 active compounds that acted on 583 targets, 145 of which are related to SD. By modularly dissecting the PPI network, we discovered three critical targets, Akt1, CREB1, and PRKACA, all of which play important roles in the effects of BXHP on SD. Molecular docking resulted in the identification of 16 active compounds that strongly bind to key targets. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of network pharmacology and transcriptomics focused on both the regulation of circadian rhythm and the cAMP signaling pathway, which strongly demonstrated that BXHP affects SD via the cAMP-PKA-CREB-Circadian rhythm pathway. Molecular biology experiments verified this hypothesis. Following BXHP administration, PKA and CREB phosphorylation levels were elevated in SD rats, the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway was activated, the expression levels of the biological clock genes CLOCK, p-BMAL1/BMAL1, and PER3 were increased, and the rhythmicity of the biological clock was improved. CONCLUSIONS The active compounds in BXHP can activate the cAMP-PKA-CREB-Circadian rhythm pathway, improve the rhythmicity of the biological clock, promote sleep and ameliorate anxiety, which suggests that BXHP improves SD through a multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway mechanism. This study is important for the development of herbal medicines and clinical therapies for improving sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Li-Yan You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ye-Ping Ruan
- Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Chinese Medicine Plant Essential Oil Zhejiang Engineering Research Center, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Hu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R, Pavey T, King NA. Shift Work is Associated with an Elevated White Blood Cell Count: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:278-285. [PMID: 38390477 PMCID: PMC10880826 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_326_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic low-grade inflammation and the progression of several chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence from studies on total and differential WBC counts in shift employees. A literature search was performed in PubMed®, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using keywords for research published before March 1, 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted for total and differential WBC counts using a random-effects approach. A total of 25 studies covering a sample of 37,708 day and shift employees were included in this review. The studies represented America, Europe, East Asia, and Middle East. A significant increase in the total counts (×109/L) of WBC [mean difference (MD) = 0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.52; P < 0.001], lymphocytes (MD = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02-0.30; P = 0.02), monocytes (MD = 0.04; 95% CI: 0-0.07; P = 0.03), and eosinophils (MD = 0.01; 95% CI: 0-0.01; P = 0.03) was observed in shift workers compared to the day counterparts. However, neutrophils and basophils were not significantly different between the groups. Shift work significantly increases the total and differential blood counts in peripheral circulation. Therefore, total and differential WBC counts represent a relatively inexpensive biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics of diseases in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Toby Pavey
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil A. King
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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McNamara KA, Robbins WA. Shift Work and Sleep Disturbance in the Oil Industry. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:118-129. [PMID: 36794861 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221139990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotating shift work is common in high-hazard industries, despite documented associations with sleep disturbance and impairment. In the oil industry, where rotating and extended shift schedules are used to staff safety-sensitive positions, work intensification and increasing overtime rates have been broadly documented over the last few decades. Research on the impacts of these work schedules on sleep and health has been limited for this workforce. METHODS We examined sleep duration and quality among rotating shift workers in the oil industry and explored associations between schedule characteristics, sleep, and health outcomes. We recruited hourly refinery workers from the West and Gulf Coast oil sector members of the United Steelworkers union. FINDINGS Impaired sleep quality and short sleep durations were common and associated with health and mental health outcomes common among shift workers. Shortest sleep durations followed shift rotations. Early rise and start times were associated with shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. Drowsiness and fatigue-related incidents were common. CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE We observed lower sleep duration and quality and increased overtime in 12-hour rotating shift schedules. These long workdays with early start times may reduce available hours for quality sleep; here they were associated with reduced exercise and leisure activity which correlated with good sleep. This safety-sensitive population appears severely impacted by poor sleep quality, which has broader implications for process safety management. Later start times, slower rotation, and a reconsideration of two-shift schedules are interventions to consider for improving sleep quality among rotating shift workers.
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Ferrari L, Monti P, Favero C, Carugno M, Tarantini L, Maggioni C, Bonzini M, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Association between night shift work and methylation of a subset of immune-related genes. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1083826. [PMID: 36711387 PMCID: PMC9877629 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1083826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Night shift (NS) work has been associated with an increased risk of different conditions characterized by altered inflammatory and immune responses, such as cardio-metabolic and infectious diseases, cancer, and obesity. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, might mirror alterations in biological processes that are influenced by NS work. Methods The present study was conducted on 94 healthy female workers with different working schedules and aimed at identifying whether NS was associated with plasmatic concentrations of the inflammatory proteins NLRP3 and TNF-alpha, as well as with DNA methylation levels of ten human endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequences, and nine genes selected for their role in immune and inflammatory processes. We also explored the possible role of the body mass index (BMI) as an additional susceptibility factor that might influence the effects of NS work on the tested epigenetic modifications. Results and discussion We observed a positive association between NS and NLRP3 levels (p-value 0.0379). Moreover, NS workers retained different methylation levels for ERVFRD-1 (p-value = 0.0274), HERV-L (p-value = 0.0377), and HERV-P (p-value = 0.0140) elements, and for BIRC2 (p-value = 0.0460), FLRT3 (p-value = 0.0422), MIG6 (p-value = 0.0085), and SIRT1 (p-value = 0.0497) genes. We also observed that the BMI modified the relationship between NS and the methylation of ERVE, HERV-L, and ERVW-1 elements. Overall, our results suggest that HERV methylation could pose as a promising biomolecular sensor to monitor not only the effect of NS work but also the cumulative effect of multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Luca Ferrari ✉
| | - Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Maggioni
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lahtinen A, Häkkinen A, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Viitasalo K, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Härmä M, Paunio T. Differential DNA methylation in recovery from shift work disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2895. [PMID: 33536559 PMCID: PMC7858604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human DNA methylome is responsive to our environment, but its dynamics remain underexplored. We investigated the temporal changes to DNA methylation (DNAme) in relation to recovery from a shift work disorder (SWD) by performing a paired epigenome-wide analysis in an occupational cohort of 32 shift workers (25 men, age = 43.8 ± 8.8 years, 21 SWD cases). We found that the effect of vacation on DNAme was more prominent in the SWD-group as compared to controls, with respect to the amount of significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs; Punadj < 0.05) 6.5 vs 3.7%, respectively. The vast majority (78%) of these DMPs were hypomethylated in SWD but not in controls (27%) during the work period. The Gene Ontology Cellular component "NMDA glutamate receptor" (PFDR < 0.05) was identified in a pathway analysis of the top 30 genes in SWD. In-depth pathway analyses revealed that the Reactome pathway "CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII" might underlie the recovery. Furthermore, three DMPs from this pathway, corresponding to GRIN2C, CREB1, and CAMK2B, correlated with the degree of recovery (Punadj < 0.05). Our findings provide evidence for the dynamic nature of DNAme in relation to the recovery process from a circadian disorder, with biological relevance of the emerging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lahtinen
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genomics and Biobank UnitDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Häkkinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Vanttola
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genomics and Biobank UnitDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Cakan P, Yildiz S. Effects of Half- or Whole-Night Shifts on Physiological and Cognitive Parameters in Women. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:525-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bjorvatn B, Axelsson J, Pallesen S, Waage S, Vedaa Ø, Blytt KM, Buchvold HV, Moen BE, Thun E. The Association Between Shift Work and Immunological Biomarkers in Nurses. Front Public Health 2020; 8:415. [PMID: 33042933 PMCID: PMC7521138 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Shift work is associated with several negative health effects. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear, but low-grade inflammation has been suggested to play a role. This project aimed to determine whether levels of immunological biomarkers differ depending on work schedule, self-reported sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality, and presence of shift work disorder (study 1). Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether these biomarkers differ after a night of sleep vs. at the end of a night or a day shift (study 2). Methods: In study 1, 390 nurses provided blood samples after a night of sleep with the dried blood spot method. In study 2, a subset of 55 nurses also provided blood samples after a day shift and after a night shift. The following biomarkers were measured: interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-13, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Multiple linear regressions with adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (study 1) and ANOVAs with repeated measures (study 2) were conducted. Results: In study 1, neither work schedule, number of night shifts, number of quick returns (<11 h between consecutive shifts), sleep duration, poor sleep quality, nor shift work disorder were systematically associated with most of these biomarkers. Compared with day only work, day-evening work was associated with higher levels of IL-1alpha and IL-13, quick returns were associated with higher levels of IL-1beta and MCP-1, short sleep duration (<6 h) was associated with lower levels of IL-1beta and higher levels of TNF-alpha, and long sleep duration (8+ h) was associated with higher levels of IL-13. In study 2, IL-1beta levels were higher (large effect size) both after a day shift (14% increase) and a night shift (75% increase) compared with levels after a night of sleep. Similarly, TNF-alpha levels were higher (moderate-large effect size) after a day shift (50% increase) compared to after a night of sleep. In contrast, MCP-1 levels were lower (large effect size) both after a day shift (22% decrease) and a night shift (12% decrease) compared with after a night of sleep. Conclusions: We found some indications that shift work influenced immunological biomarkers. The results should be interpreted with caution due to limitations, e.g., related to the sampling procedure and to low levels of biomarkers in the blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti M Blytt
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hogne V Buchvold
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirunn Thun
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Fazeli MS, Pourrahmat MM, Massah G, Lee K, Lavoie PM, Fazeli M, Esser A, Collet JP. The Effect of Massage on the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System and Markers of Inflammation in Night Shift Workers: a Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork 2020; 13:6-17. [PMID: 32922577 PMCID: PMC7454237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is a necessary part of many industries; however, it can have detrimental effects on health over time. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of a massage intervention on the cardiac autonomic activity and blood inflammatory markers of healthy medical residents working night shifts. SETTING This trial was conducted at British Columbia Children's and Women's Hospital between February 2014 and June 2016. PARTICIPANTS Included participants were generally healthy medical residents and were working rotating night shifts on a regular basis. RESEARCH DESIGN This was a randomized, controlled, crossover, open-label trial (NCT02247089). INTERVENTIONS Participants received either a 30-min massage intervention or reading control after consecutive periods of night shift. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was high frequency, a proxy for the cardiac parasympathetic activity, measured via heart rate variability. Secondary outcomes included other heart rate variability measures, blood markers of inflammation, and blood pressure. RESULTS Twelve participants were recruited (nine female) with median age of 28 years. There was no significant difference between the massage intervention and the reading control for the primary outcome, (median relative change between pre- and postmassage [interquartile range]: 62% [-1 to 150], pre- and postreading: 14% [-10 to 51], p = .16). Similarly, there was no difference with respect to blood inflammatory markers and blood pressure. Median high frequency significantly increased between pre- and postmassage (185 vs. 358 ms2, p = .04). CONCLUSION This pilot study found no statistically significant difference between the massage intervention and the reading control; however, we did observe a significant increase in median high frequency from before massage to after massage, indicative of increased parasympathetic activity. This study may help inform planning of larger trials evaluating massage interventions on the activity of the autonomic nervous system and managing shift work stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sohail Fazeli
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Evidinno Outcomes Research Inc., Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mir-Masoud Pourrahmat
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Evidinno Outcomes Research Inc., Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Golshan Massah
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelsey Lee
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mirfarhang Fazeli
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alison Esser
- Vancouver College of Massage Therapy, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Collet
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Matsangas P, Shattuck NL. Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors. Sleep 2020; 43:5856763. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
This field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance.
Methods
Longitudinal field assessment of fit-for-duty USN sailors performing their underway duties (N = 944, 79.0% males, median age 26 years). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, completed logs, and performed the wrist-worn 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT).
Results
Sailors slept on average 6.60 ± 1.01 h/day with 86.9% splitting their sleep into more than one episode/day. The median PSQI Global score was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5); 80.4% of the population were classified as “poor sleepers” with PSQI scores >5. PSQI scores were affected by sailor occupational group, rank, daily sleep duration, and number of sleep episodes/day. Sleep quality showed a U-shape association with daily sleep duration due to the confounding effect of split sleep. Sailors with PSQI scores >9 had 21.1% slower reaction times (p < 0.001) and 32.8%–61.5% more lapses combined with false starts (all p < 0.001) than sailors with PSQI scores ≤9. Compared to males and officers, females and enlisted personnel had 86% and 23% higher risk, respectively, of having PSQI scores >9. Sailors in the PSQI > 9 group had more pronounced split sleep.
Conclusions
Working on Navy ships is associated with elevated PSQI scores, a high incidence of poor sleep, and degraded psychomotor vigilance performance. The widely used PSQI score>5 criterion should be further validated in active-duty service member populations.
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Abstract
The immune system potentially plays an important mechanistic role in the relation between shift work and adverse health effects. To better understand the immunological effects of shift work, we compared numbers and functionality of immune cells between night-shift and non-shift workers. Blood samples were collected from 254 night-shift and 57 non-shift workers employed in hospitals. Absolute numbers of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and T cell subsets were assessed. As read out of immune function, monocyte cytokine production and proliferative capacity of CD4 and CD8 T cells in response to various stimuli were analysed. The mean number of monocytes was 1.15 (95%-CI = 1.05–1.26) times higher in night-shift than in non-shift workers. Furthermore, night-shift workers who worked night shifts in the past three days had a higher mean number of lymphocytes (B = 1.12 (95%-CI = 1.01–1.26)), T cells (B = 1.16 (95%-CI = 1.03–1.31)), and CD8 T cells (B = 1.23 (95%-CI = 1.05–1.45)) compared to non-shift workers. No differences in functional parameters of monocytes and lymphocytes were observed. The differences in numbers of monocytes and T cells suggest that chronic exposure to night-shift work as well as recent night-shift work may influence the immune status of healthcare workers. This knowledge could be relevant for preventive initiatives in night-shift workers, such as timing of vaccination.
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Konkle ATM, Keith SE, McNamee JP, Michaud D. Chronic noise exposure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Noise Health 2019; 19:213-221. [PMID: 28937015 PMCID: PMC5644380 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_15_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between the relative risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and long-term exposure to elevated levels of transportation noise. The contention is that this association is largely owing to an increase in stress-related biomarkers that are thought to be associated with CVD. Animal models have demonstrated that acute noise exposure is capable of triggering a stress response; however, similar studies using chronic noise models are less common. Materials and Methods: The current study assessed the effects of intermittent daily exposure to broadband 80 kHz bandwidth noise of 87.3 dBA for a period of 21 consecutive days in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Results: Twenty-one days of exposure to noise significantly reduced body weight relative to the sham and unhandled control groups; however, noise had no statistically significant impact on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (or adrenal gland weights). Noise was associated with a significant, albeit modest, increase in both corticosterone and aldosterone concentrations following the 21 days of exposure. Interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 levels were unchanged in the noise group, whereas both tumour necrosis factor alpha and C-reactive protein were significantly reduced in noise exposed rats. Tail blood sampling for corticosterone throughout the exposure period showed no appreciable difference between the noise and sham exposed animals, largely due to the sizeable variation for each group as well as the observed fluctuations over time. Discussion: The current pilot study provides only modest support that chronic noise may promote stress-related biological and/or developmental effects. More research is required to verify the current findings and resolve some of the unexpected observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T M Konkle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E Keith
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P McNamee
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Michaud
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Holst MM, Wirth MD, Mnatsakanova A, Burch JB, Charles LE, Tinney-Zara C, Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, Hartley TA, Violanti JM. Shiftwork and Biomarkers of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The BCOPS Study. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:391-396. [PMID: 30649009 PMCID: PMC6610651 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of shiftwork with biomarkers of subclinical cardiovascular disease and examine the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) in a police cohort. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among officers who were categorized as working the day, evening, or night shift. Comparisons with inflammatory biomarkers were performed among shifts using analysis of variance/covariance and further stratified by BMI to assess potential effect modification. RESULTS Associations were observed between day and night shiftworkers for leukocytes, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and homocysteine. After BMI stratification, higher c-reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed among evening shiftworkers with a BMI more than or equal to 30 kg/m versus the day shift. CONCLUSIONS Future studies examining prospective changes in these markers will allow for more comprehensive evaluation of their association with shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Holst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D. Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anna Mnatsakanova
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James B. Burch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
- WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Luenda E. Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cathy Tinney-Zara
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tara A. Hartley
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M. Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Khorasaniha R, Siassi F, Khajehnasiri F, Qorbani M, Sotoudeh G. Dietary patterns in relation to inflammation in shift workers. BMJ Mil Health 2019; 166:221-226. [PMID: 30765608 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rotational shift work has a considerable effect on immune function and cause inflammation. In addition, it may lead to unhealthy dietary intake. No earlier study has examined the association between dietary patterns and inflammation in rotational shift workers. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and circulating proinflammatory cytokines among shift workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 257 male shift workers. Dietary intake of participants was examined using the semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured using suitable commercial kits. RESULTS Three main dietary patterns included green vegetables, yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables (VEG), liquid oils and mayonnaise, fast food and eggs (LFE), as well as tea and coffee, refined grains and spice (TRS). Subjects with the highest adherence to VEG dietary pattern had a significantly lower concentration of IL-6 (p<0.01) and TNF-α (p<0.001) as compared with those with the lowest adherence. On the other hand, a significant negative association was found between LFE dietary pattern and serum concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.01) and TNF-α (p=0.02). However, no significant association was found between adherence to VEG (p=0.34) or LFE (p=0.99) dietary patterns and levels of hs-CRP and between adherence to TRS dietary pattern and any of the inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Adherence to VEG and LFE dietary patterns was inversely and directly associated to serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in shift workers, respectively. However, no significant association was found between adherence to these two dietary patterns and serum hs-CRP concentrations and between TRS dietary pattern and any of the inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Khorasaniha
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Khajehnasiri
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - G Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Cunradi CB, Moore RS, Battle RS. Frequency of job stressors, difficulty unwinding after work, and sleep problems among urban transit operators. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2018.1550650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol B. Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roland S. Moore
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robynn S. Battle
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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Reinhardt ÉL, Fernandes PACM, Markus RP, Fischer FM. Night work effects on salivary cytokines TNF, IL-1β and IL-6. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:11-26. [PMID: 30230913 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1515771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Shift work is unavoidable in modern societies, but at the same time disrupts biological rhythms and contributes to social distress and disturbance of sleep, health and well-being of shift workers. Shift work has been associated with some chronic diseases in which a chronic inflammatory condition may play a role. However, few studies investigating the association of cytokine and other inflammation markers with shift workers have been published in recent years. In this study we evaluated the effects of permanent night work on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and melatonin in saliva. Another aim was to demonstrate the benefit of the use of salivary cytokines for studies in chronobiology, since it is an easy and non-invasive method that allows for sampling at several times. Thirty-eight healthy male workers, being 21 day workers and 17 night workers, agreed to participate in this study. Sleep was evaluated by actigraphy and activity protocols. Saliva was collected during three workdays approximately at the middle of the work shift and at bed and wake times of the main sleep episode. Saliva samples were then analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and melatonin levels, and the results were submitted to non-parametric statistical analysis. The use of saliva instead of blood allowed for a greater number of samples from the same subjects, allowing identifying alterations in the daily production patterns of salivary cytokines TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 that probably are linked to night work. Salivary TNF and IL-1β levels were similar for day and night workers, with higher daily production after awakening, in the morning hours for day workers and in the afternoon for night workers. Both groups presented a significant daily variation pattern of these two cytokines. Day and night workers produced similar amounts of salivary IL-6. Nevertheless, the daily variation pattern observed among day workers, with a peak after awakening, was absent among night workers. Thus, in our study, night workers showed partially adjusted daily variation patterns for salivary TNF and IL-1β, not seen for salivary IL-6. Results for salivary IL-6 could be better explained as a consequence of circadian disruption due to permanent night work. Our results suggest that the whole circadian system, including clocks and pineal gland, is involved in regulating cytokine profile in shift workers and that a coordinated production of these cytokines, important for an adequate inflammatory response, could be disturbed by shift work. The distinct effects that shift work may have on different cytokines could give some cues about the mechanisms involved in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina P Markus
- b Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology , Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Frida Marina Fischer
- c Department of Environmental Health , School of Public Health, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Pieh C, Jank R, Waiß C, Pfeifer C, Probst T, Lahmann C, Oberndorfer S. Night-shift work increases cold pain perception. Sleep Med 2018; 45:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Husse J, Kiehn JT, Barclay JL, Naujokat N, Meyer-Kovac J, Lehnert H, Oster H. Tissue-Specific Dissociation of Diurnal Transcriptome Rhythms During Sleep Restriction in Mice. Sleep 2017; 40:3751182. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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19
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Almeida CMOD, Malheiro A. Sleep, immunity and shift workers: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:164-168. [PMID: 28123655 PMCID: PMC5241621 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, shift workers represent between 15% and 25% of the modern day workforce. Work time poses a great challenge to workers as it requires that they balance productivity and sleep time between shifts. As a result, these workers experience chronic sleep deprivation with increased fatigue and drowsiness due to this sleep deprivation. The impact of this kind of work on the immune system is not yet known. We conducted a literature review with the aim of evaluating articles on this specific type of work's effects on sleep and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mauricio Oliveira de Almeida
- Department of Neurology of the State University of Amazonas-UEA
- Correspondence to: Universidade Estadual do Amazonas-UEA, rua Carvalho Leal, no.1777, CEP, 3ª. andar., 69000-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Department of Immunolgy of the Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Amazonas, HEMOAM, Brazil
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20
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Transient changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with total sleep deprivation. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-016-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:40-52. [PMID: 26140821 PMCID: PMC4666828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1033] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is associated with inflammatory disease risk and all-cause mortality. Here, we assess global evidence linking sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation in adult humans. METHODS A systematic search of English language publications was performed, with inclusion of primary research articles that characterized sleep disturbance and/or sleep duration or performed experimental sleep deprivation and assessed inflammation by levels of circulating markers. Effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and pooled using a random effect model. RESULTS A total of 72 studies (n > 50,000) were analyzed with assessment of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Sleep disturbance was associated with higher levels of CRP (ES .12; 95% CI = .05-.19) and IL-6 (ES .20; 95% CI = .08-.31). Shorter sleep duration, but not the extreme of short sleep, was associated with higher levels of CRP (ES .09; 95% CI = .01-.17) but not IL-6 (ES .03; 95% CI: -.09 to .14). The extreme of long sleep duration was associated with higher levels of CRP (ES .17; 95% CI = .01-.34) and IL-6 (ES .11; 95% CI = .02-20). Neither sleep disturbances nor sleep duration was associated with TNFα. Neither experimental sleep deprivation nor sleep restriction was associated with CRP, IL-6, or TNFα. Some heterogeneity among studies was found, but there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbance and long sleep duration, but not short sleep duration, are associated with increases in markers of systemic inflammation.
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Nernpermpisooth N, Qiu S, Mintz JD, Suvitayavat W, Thirawarapan S, Rudic DR, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Obesity alters the peripheral circadian clock in the aorta and microcirculation. Microcirculation 2016; 22:257-66. [PMID: 25660131 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perturbation of daily rhythm increases cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity alters circadian gene expression and microvascular function in lean mice and obese (db/db) mice. METHODS Mice were subjected to normal LD or DD to alter circadian rhythm. Metabolic parameters and microvascular vasoreactivity were evaluated. Array studies were conducted in the am and pm cycles to assess the rhythmicity of the entire genomics. Rhythmic expression of specific clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Npas2, Per1, Per2, and Cry1), clock output genes (dbp), and vascular relaxation-related genes (eNOS, GTPCH1) were assessed. RESULTS Obesity was associated with metabolic dysfunction and impaired endothelial dilation in the microvasculature. Circadian rhythm of gene expression was suppressed 80% in both macro- and microcirculations of obese mice. Circadian disruption with DD increased fasting serum glucose and HbA1c in obese but not lean mice. Endothelium-dependent dilation was attenuated in obese mice and in lean mice subjected to DD. Rhythmic expression of per1 and dbp was depressed in obesity. Expression of eNOS expression was suppressed and GTPCH1 lost rhythmic expression both in obesity and by constant darkness. CONCLUSION These results suggest that obesity reduces circadian gene expression in concert with impaired endothelial function. The causal relationship remains to be determined.
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24
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Effect of long-term sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep on the diurnal rhythms of white blood cell subpopulations. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:93-9. [PMID: 25451611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While acute modifications of sleep duration induces a wide array of immune function alterations, less is known of how longer periods with insufficient sleep affect immune functions and how they return to normal once recovery sleep is obtained. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of five days of restricted sleep and a subsequent 7-day period of sleep recovery on white blood cell (WBC) subpopulation count and diurnal rhythms. Nine healthy males participated in a sleep protocol consisting of two baseline days (8h of sleep/night), five nights with restricted sleep (4h of sleep/night) and seven days of recovery sleep (8h of sleep/night). During nine of these days, blood was drawn hourly during night-time end every third hour during daytime, and differential WBC count was analyzed. Gradual increase across the days of sleep restriction was observed for total WBC (p<.001), monocytes (p<.001), neutrophils (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p<.05). Subsequent recovery sleep resulted in a gradual decrease in monocytes (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p=.001), but not in neutrophils that remained elevated over baseline level at the end of the 7-day recovery period. These effects were associated with altered diurnal rhythms of total WBC and neutrophils, restricted sleep being associated with higher levels during the night and at awakening, resulting in a flattening of the rhythm. The diurnal alterations were reversed when recovery sleep was allowed, although the amplitude of total WBC, neutrophils and monocytes was increased at the end of the recovery period in comparison to baseline. Altogether, these data show that long-term sleep restriction leads to a gradual increase of circulating WBC subpopulations and alterations of the respective diurnal rhythms. Although some of the effects caused by five days of restricted sleep were restored within the first days of recovery, some parameters were not back to baseline even after a period of seven recovery days.
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25
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Park S, Nam J, Lee JK, Oh SS, Kang HT, Koh SB. Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:15. [PMID: 26137312 PMCID: PMC4487576 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between night work and cardiovascular diseases among wage workers in Korea. METHODS The study was based on the 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS; 2011). This study included 29,711 wage workers. We used the chi-squared test and logistic regression to examine the association between cardiovascular diseases and night work and cumulative night work. RESULTS Among all of the paid workers, 12.5% reported doing night work ≥ 1 day per month. Night work was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.25). Also, compared to the group that did not do night works, the group with higher cumulative night work demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19-2.74). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that night work is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Nam
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Khaleghipour S, Masjedi M, Kelishadi R. Circadian type, chronic fatigue, and serum IgM in the shift workers of an industrial organization. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:61. [PMID: 25802830 PMCID: PMC4361954 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.151882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift workers are more vulnerable to immune-related diseases. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a potent activator of complement, and complement has a crucial role in defense against bacterial infections. Circadian type is known as an effective agent on vulnerability and adaptation with shift work due to non-compliance with shift stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of circadian type and chronic fatigue with the serum concentration of IgM in a group of shift workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in an industrial organization in Isfahan, Iran. The study population consisted of 221 male employees working at night shifts who were selected by random cluster sampling. The following questionnaires were used: composite morningness (Torsvall and Akerstedt), circadian type (Folkard), and chronic fatigue (Barton and colleagues). The serum concentration of IgM was measured by the nephelometric method. The data were analyzed with the Pearson coefficient correlation and the path analysis for finding the pattern of the structural equations to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships between variables, using the SPSS 15 and LISREL 8.5 statistical software. RESULTS Significant correlation was documented between morningness, flexibility, languidness, and chronic fatigue with the serum concentration of IgM (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results showed that the shift workers with morningness and languidness experienced more problems during the working hours due to more tiredness, and had decreased serum concentration of IgM. Correct management of shift work may attenuate fatigue in workers and also improve many health issues experienced by the shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- Department of Immunology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Aberrant methylation of miR-34b is associated with long-term shiftwork: a potential mechanism for increased breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:171-178. [PMID: 25398683 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the evidence linking exposure to light at night (LAN) and breast cancer risk continues to accumulate, the molecular mechanisms driving this association remain to be fully elucidated. We have previously suggested that long-term exposure to LAN through shiftwork may result in dysregulated patterns of methylation genome-wide. In this study, we investigate the link between miR-34b, a miRNA suggested to be an important tumor suppressor, and shiftwork-related breast cancer. METHODS Methylation states in the miR-34b promoter region were previously compared between 10 female long-term shiftworkers and 10 folate intake- and age-matched female dayworkers participating in the Danish "Diet, Cancer and Health" prospective cohort study. In order to further explore the functional role of miR-34b in breast tumorigenesis, a genome-wide expression microarray was carried out in miR-34b-overexpressed MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the identified transcripts were further analyzed for network and functional interrelatedness using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS We observed a 49.1 % increase in miR-34b promoter methylation among shiftworkers at a CpG site in this region (p = 0.016). Transfection of the miR-34b mimic in an MCF-7 breast cancer cell line induced differential expression of 230 transcripts that are involved in the interferon-mediated antiviral response as well as apoptotic and antiproliferative gene networks. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that long-term shiftwork may increase the risk of breast cancer via methylation-based suppression of miR-34b and a consequent reduction in immunomediated anti-tumor capacity and support our previous findings that LAN may induce epigenetic alteration of cancer-relevant microRNAs.
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28
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Mavroudis PD, Corbett SA, Calvano SE, Androulakis IP. Mathematical modeling of light-mediated HPA axis activity and downstream implications on the entrainment of peripheral clock genes. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:766-78. [PMID: 25073602 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00026.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we propose a semimechanistic model that describes the photic signal transduction to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that ultimately regulates the synchronization of peripheral clock genes (PCGs). Our HPA axis model predicts that photic stimulation induces a type-1 phase response curve to cortisol's profile with increased cortisol sensitivity to light exposure in its rising phase, as well as the shortening of cortisol's period as constant light increases (Aschoff's first rule). Furthermore, our model provides insight into cortisol's phase and amplitude dependence on photoperiods and reveals that cortisol maintains highest amplitude variability when it is entrained by a balanced schedule of light and dark periods. Importantly, by incorporating the links between HPA axis and PCGs we were able to investigate how cortisol secretion impacts the entrainment of a population of peripheral cells and show that disrupted light schedules, leading to blunted cortisol secretion, fail to synchronize a population of PCGs which further signifies the loss of circadian rhythmicity in the periphery of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan A Corbett
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Steven E Calvano
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Abstract
Sleep has a critical role in promoting health. Research over the past decade has documented that sleep disturbance has a powerful influence on the risk of infectious disease, the occurrence and progression of several major medical illnesses including cardiovascular disease and cancer, and the incidence of depression. Increasingly, the field has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying these effects. This review highlights the impact of sleep on adaptive and innate immunity, with consideration of the dynamics of sleep disturbance, sleep restriction, and insomnia on (a) antiviral immune responses with consequences for vaccine responses and infectious disease risk and (b) proinflammatory immune responses with implications for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression. This review also discusses the neuroendocrine and autonomic neural underpinnings linking sleep disturbance and immunity and the reciprocal links between sleep and inflammatory biology. Finally, interventions are discussed as effective strategies to improve sleep, and potential opportunities are identified to promote sleep health for therapeutic control of chronic infectious, inflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
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Faraut B, Bayon V, Léger D. Neuroendocrine, immune and oxidative stress in shift workers. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:433-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ko SB. Night Shift Work, Sleep Quality, and Obesity. J Lifestyle Med 2013; 3:110-6. [PMID: 26064847 PMCID: PMC4390740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between night shift work and sleep, to investigate the correlations with various biomarkers that show the influence of sleep on obesity, and ultimately, to analyze factors that have an impact on obesity. METHODS This study used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States II (MIDUS II study) and the MIDUS II Biomarker Project. After connecting the MIDUS II study data with the MIDUS II Biomarker Project data, we analyzed data from 883 subjects to investigate the relationship between night shift work and sleep quality. We also examined the correlations with biomarkers and sleep quality. Lastly, we performed logistic regression analyses to investigate factors that had an impact on obesity. RESULTS Sleep quality was found to be low among night shift workers. Sleep quality was positively correlated with HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and inversely correlated with DHEA levels. Sleep quality was highly correlated with inflammatory markers and inversely correlated with antioxidant markers. Sleep quality was significantly associated with obesity (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18). Biomarkers that had an influence on obesity included diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c and triglyceride levels, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant values. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality due to night shift work disturbs the circadian rhythm, causing negative changes in metabolic, inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and antioxidant biomarkers. These changes may eventually play a role in increasing the incidence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Baek Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea,Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA,Corresponding author: Sang Baek Ko, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 220-701, Republic of Korea, Tel: 82-33-741-0345, Fax: 82-33-747-0409, E-mail:
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Palma JA, Urrestarazu E, Iriarte J. Sleep loss as risk factor for neurologic disorders: a review. Sleep Med 2013; 14:229-36. [PMID: 23352029 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss refers to sleep of shorter duration than the average baseline need of seven to eight hours per night. Sleep loss and sleep deprivation have severe effects on human health. In this article, we review the main aspects of sleep loss, taking into account its effects on the central nervous system. The neurocognitive and behavioral effects of sleep loss are well known. However, there is an increasing amount of research pointing to sleep deprivation as a risk factor for neurologic diseases, namely stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, headache, epilepsy, pain, and somnambulism. Conversely, sleep loss has been reported to be a potential protective factor against Parkinson's disease. The pathophysiology involved in this relationship is multiple, comprising immune, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and vascular mechanisms. It is extremely important to identify the individuals at risk, since recognition and adequate treatment of their sleep problems may reduce the risk of certain neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Alberto Palma
- Sleep Unit, Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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"You're not Superman you know..." (1). Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13:602-3. [PMID: 22955463 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e31824557da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kerkhofs M, Boudjeltia KZ. From total sleep deprivation to cardiovascular disease: a key role for the immune system? Sleep 2012; 35:895-6. [PMID: 22754031 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Kerkhofs
- Sleep Laboratory CHU de Charleroi, Vésale Hospital, Rue de Gozée 706, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
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Crispim CA, Padilha HG, Zimberg IZ, Waterhouse J, Dattilo M, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Adipokine Levels Are Altered by Shiftwork: A Preliminary Study. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:587-94. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.675847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Marçal Pimenta A, Kac G, Campos e Souza RR, Barros Almeida Ferreira LMD, de Fátima Silqueira SM. Trabalho noturno e risco cardiovascular em funcionários de universidade pública. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Pimenta AM, Kac G, Campos e Souza RR, Maria de Barros Almeida Ferreira L, Maria de Fátima Silqueira S. Night-shift work and cardiovascular risk among employees of a public university. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Atypical work schedules are associated with poor sleep quality and mental health in Taiwan female nurses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Almeida CMO, de Lima TA, Castro DB, Torres KL, da Silva Braga W, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Malheiro A. Immunological/virological peripheral blood biomarkers and distinct patterns of sleeping quality in chronic hepatitis C patients. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:486-95. [PMID: 21231952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rational of this study we intended to investigate whether the peripheral blood immunological/virological biomarkers were associated with distinct patterns of sleeping quality in patients with chronic hepatitis C-(HCV). Distinct well-established indexes/scores were used to categorize the sleeping quality of HCV patients, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Fatigue Severity Scores. Our findings demonstrated that HCV patients classified as 'good sleeper' displayed an enhanced frequency of circulating CD8(+) T cells, lower frequency of activated (CD69(+)) neutrophils and eosinophils but enhanced frequency of activated lymphocytes besides lower seric levels of IL-4/IL-8/IL-10 but higher levels of IL-12, besides lower HCV virus load and lower anti-HCV IgG levels. In contrast, HCV patients classified as 'poor sleeper' displayed enhanced levels of activated neutrophils and eosinophils but lower frequency of activated lymphocytes, higher seric levels of IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10 but lower levels of IL-12 besides higher HCV virus load and increased anti-HCV IgG levels. Positive correlation was further confirmed by the relationship between the leucocyte activation status, the cytokine levels, the HCV viral load and the anti-HCV IgG reactivity with the PSQI indexes. Analysis of cytokine signature curves demonstrated that lower frequency of IL-10 was observed in HCV patients classified as 'good sleepers', whereas enhanced frequency of IL-6 was found HCV patients classified as 'poor sleepers'. In conclusion, our data suggest that immunological biomarkers (leucocytes activation status and seric cytokines levels) are likely to be associated with sleeping quality patterns in HCV patients, suggesting their putative use for clinical monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M O de Almeida
- Fundação de Medicina tropical do Amazonas-FMT-AM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Okun ML. Biological Consequences of Disturbed Sleep: Important Mediators of Health? JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011; 53:163-176. [PMID: 23620604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2011.00463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an extensive literature regarding the immunological and endocrinological consequences of illness, stress, and psychopathology. Yet only a modest literature is available regarding the potential unfavorable effects of chronic sleep loss/disruption on immune and endocrine pathways or on various aspects of health. Given that humans spend approximately 1/3 of their lives asleep, it seems pertinent to evaluate this necessary yet understudied behavior. The evidence overwhelmingly indicates that "excessive" sleep disruption or poor sleep quality/continuity may subsequently increase risk for adverse health outcomes, as well as mortality. This is thought to occur through dysregulation of biological pathways. While our information addressing the immunological or endocrinological consequences of poor sleep is mounting, the majority of evidence stems from epidemiologic and cross-sectional studies. The immune and endocrine systems are dynamic and constantly in flux. Thus, the methodologies and study designs used to understand how sleep affects these systems needs to be as dynamic. Experimental manipulations and longitudinal evaluations are needed to effectively understand sleep as a risk factor for health. Thus, this paper is a primer in which to highlight the immunological and endocrinological consequences of disrupted or disturbed sleep as well as describe how these relationships may impact overall health. It is also meant to spark an interest for future evaluations of how the behavior of sleep is relevant to health.
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Coe CL, Love GD, Karasawa M, Kawakami N, Kitayama S, Markus HR, Tracy RP, Ryff CD. Population differences in proinflammatory biology: Japanese have healthier profiles than Americans. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:494-502. [PMID: 21112385 PMCID: PMC3039107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), has emerged as a key factor in the biology of aging and the physiology of inflammation. Yet much of what we know about the normal functioning of IL-6 has been generated primarily from research on European populations and Americans of European descent. Our analyses compared IL-6 levels in 382 middle-aged and older Japanese to the values found in 1209 Caucasian- and African-Americans from the Midlife in the United States survey (MIDUS). Across the life span from 30 to 80 years of age, mean IL-6 levels were strikingly lower in Japanese individuals. Significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FBG) provided confirmatory evidence for a population difference in proinflammatory activity. Because IL-6 release has been associated with obesity, differences in body mass index (BMI) were taken into consideration. Japanese had the lowest, and African-Americans had the highest overall BMIs, but significant group differences in IL-6 persisted even after BMI was included as a covariate in the analyses. Additional support for distinct variation in IL-6 biology was generated when systemic levels of the soluble receptor for IL-6 (sIL-6r) were evaluated. Serum sIL-6r was higher in Japanese than Americans, but was most notably low in African-Americans. Our cytokine data concur with national differences in the prevalence of age-related illnesses linked to inflammatory physiology, including cardiovascular disease. The findings also highlight the importance of broadening the diversity of people included in population studies of health and aging, especially given the relative paucity of information for some Asian countries and on individuals of Asian heritage living in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Gayle D. Love
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mayumi Karasawa
- Department of Comparative Psychology, Tokyo Woman’s Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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