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Dolatabadi B, Peymani M, Rouhi L, Salehzadeh A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M. The Prospective role of lapatinib as an adjuvant therapy in prevalent cancers: Insights from in silico analysis targeting EGFR and HER2. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 78:101985. [PMID: 39369912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various pieces of evidence suggest an elevation in the levels of EGFR and HER2 in different cancers leading to the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the expression alterations of these two receptors in various cancers using in silico data. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic potential of lapatinib as an inhibitor of these receptors in various cancer types. METHODS RNAseq data for prevalent cancers were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). After initial preprocessing, expression changes of HER2, EGFR, and candidate genes-identified based on their association with EGFR and HER2 signaling pathways-were examined. Human protein atlas data were utilized to assess the protein expression of HER2 and EGFR. GSE129254 was employed to identify molecular pathways and candidate genes associated with lapatinib. The protein-protein interaction network was used to identify lapatinib-influenced hub genes. Clinical data for common cancers were used to investigate the correlation between the expression of candidate genes and patients' mortality rates by Cox regression test. RESULTS The findings clearly indicated a significant increase in the expression levels of HER2 and EGFR in cancers such as kidney, lung, breast, bladder, pancreas, head and neck, stomach, and endometrial, both at the mRNA and protein levels (p-value <0.01). Additionally, more than 30 % of samples in some cancers showed a twofold increase in HER2 or EGFR expression. The analysis of GSE129254 data revealed that lapatinib reduces the expression of numerous genes associated with cell proliferation. METTL1, LYAR, LTV1, CCND1, NOP2, and DDX21 were identified as hub genes related to the effect of lapatinib. Our results demonstrated that many hub genes exhibited elevated expression in candidate cancers, and the upregulation of some of them was correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate an upregulation in the expression levels of HER2 and EGFR in certain common cancers, suggesting that lapatinib, in addition to breast cancer, could be considered for the treatment of these cancers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that some genes with increased expression in prevalent cancers and associated with poor prognosis have the potential to be modulated by lapatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Dolatabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Taha MY, Mohamed NO, Alhaj LG, Altayeb I, Basheer A, Idrees S, Said AM, Alfaki M. CCND1 as a Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker and the Impact of Its Epigenetic Alterations on Cancer Survival. Cureus 2024; 16:e65504. [PMID: 39188436 PMCID: PMC11346133 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D1 (CCND1) plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation and has been implicated in various cancers. As is well known, cancer is caused by the accumulation of detrimental variations in the genome. In this study, we shed light on the role of CCND1 in the diagnosis and progression of cancer and aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of CCND1 across multiple cancer types, focusing on its expression, clinical correlations, DNA methylation status, prognostic implications, genetic alterations, and immune infiltration. METHODS Gene expression analysis of CCND1 was conducted across 33 cancer types using the TIMER, GEPIA, and UALCAN databases. Clinical parameters were investigated to assess their correlations with CCND1 expression. Methylation analysis was performed using the UALCAN and GSCA databases to investigate the relationship between CCND1 promoter methylation and gene expression and their association with survival. Immune infiltration and survival analyses were performed to explore the prognostic implications of CCND1 expression in various cancers. Statistical tests, such as the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier analysis, were used to assess survival outcomes. Additionally, genetic alteration analysis was performed using the cBioPortal database to examine the prevalence and types of CCND1 alterations across different cancer types. RESULTS CCND1 expression was significantly elevated in 13 cancers compared to normal tissues, with distinct patterns observed across different cancer types. It is highly expressed in BLCA, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, GBM, HNSC, KIRC, PAAD, RRAD, READ, STAD, THCA, and UCEC. The investigation of clinical parameters revealed associations between CCND1 expression and factors such as age, gender, race, and cancer stage. The methylation analysis highlighted hypomethylation of CCND1 across the 13 selected cancer types. The survival analysis identified both favorable and unfavorable prognostic implications of CCND1 expression in different cancers and revealed that a high expression of CCND1 was associated with a poor prognosis in HNSC and PAAD, while a high expression of CCND1 was associated with a good prognosis in KIRC, STAD, THCA, and UCEC. In the immune infiltration analysis of various cancers, many statistically significant correlations were observed between the immune cell types and tumor purity. For example, in BLCA, neutrophils and dendritic cells showed statistically significant positive correlations and a negative correlation with macrophages. While in CHOL patients, none of the immune cell types showed a significant correlation. Similar statistical significance was observed in other cancer types, such as COAD, HNSC, GBM, KIRC, PAAD, PRAD, READ, and STAD, with different immune cell types. The genetic alteration analysis revealed that amplification was the predominant genetic alteration type in CCND1, with specific patterns observed in different cancer types. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the role of CCND1 in cancer diagnosis and progression, and its potential for targeted therapies. CCND1 could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for the COAD, ESCA, KIRC, READ, STAD, and THCA stages. Furthermore, CCND1 could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for HNSC, KIRC, and PAAD. Also, the correlation between CCND1 methylation and expression could be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ESCA, HNSC, and STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Y Taha
- Pharmaceutical Services, Almoosa Rehabilitation Hospital, Al Ahsa, SAU
| | - Noha O Mohamed
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra, OMN
| | - Lina G Alhaj
- Pharmaceutical Services, Khartoum Oncology Hospital, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Issra Altayeb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Abeer Basheer
- Pharmaceutical Services, Alzafer Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Shaymaa Idrees
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN
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Zheng C, Wang Y, Bi B, Zhou W, Cao X, Zhang C, Lu W, Sun Y, Qu J, Lv W. Gallic acid ameliorates endometrial hyperplasia through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 155:1-13. [PMID: 38553133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallic acid (GA) is an organic compound with phenolic properties that occurs naturally and can be found in Guizhi Fuling capsules, showcasing a wide range of biological functionalities. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the influence of GA on endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Initially, the induction of EH was achieved by administering estradiol to mice via continuous subcutaneous injection for a duration of 21 days. Concurrently, GA treatment was administered, and subsequently, the uterine tissue structure was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Following this, the proliferation of human endometrial cells treated by GA was determined utilizing the CCK-8 method. Furthermore, network pharmacology and single-cell-RNA-seq data were employed to identify the target of GA action. In addition, we will employ immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, western blot and RT-qPCR methodologies to investigate the impact of GA on the expression level of cyclin D1, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT. RESULTS GA treatment ameliorated histopathological alterations in the uterus and suppress proliferation. Estradiol stimulation can activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, whereas GA treatment results in down-regulation of its expression. CONCLUSIONS The expression of cyclin D1 is down-regulated by GA through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, effectively mitigating estradiol-induced EH in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijie Zheng
- The Second Clinical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Beilei Bi
- Department of Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wentian Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Vargas-Castro R, García-Becerra R, Díaz L, Avila E, Ordaz-Rosado D, Bernadez-Vallejo SV, Cano-Colín S, Camacho J, Larrea F, García-Quiroz J. Enhancing Tamoxifen Therapy with α-Mangostin: Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects on Breast Cancer Cells and Potential Reduced Endometrial Impact. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1576. [PMID: 38004441 PMCID: PMC10675669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasia among women worldwide. For the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) phenotype, tamoxifen is the standard hormonal therapy; however, it carries the risk of promoting endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of the phytochemical α-mangostin (AM) as a co-adjuvant alongside tamoxifen on breast cancer cells to improve its efficacy while reducing its adverse effects on endometrium. For this, ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T-47D) and endometrial cells (N30) were treated with AM, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TMX), and their combination. Cell proliferation was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay, and the pharmacological interaction was determined through the combination index and the dose reduction index calculation. The genes KCNH1, CCDN1, MKI67, and BIRC5 were amplified by real-time PCR as indicators of oncogenesis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, genes involved in ER signaling were analyzed. In breast cancer cells, the combination of AM with 4-OH-TMX showed a synergistic antiproliferative effect and favorable dose reduction. AM and 4-OH-TMX decreased KCNH1, CCND1, and BIRC5 gene expression. In endometrial cells, AM decreased MKI-67 gene expression, while it reverted the 4-OH-TMX-dependent CCND1 upregulation. This study establishes the benefits of incorporating AM as a co-adjuvant for first-line ER+ breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vargas-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (S.C.-C.)
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - David Ordaz-Rosado
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - Samantha V. Bernadez-Vallejo
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - Saúl Cano-Colín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (R.G.-B.); (S.C.-C.)
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (R.V.-C.); (L.D.); (E.A.); (D.O.-R.); (S.V.B.-V.); (F.L.)
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Dyhdalo KS, Ababneh E, Lanigan C, Bowers K, Zhang S, McKenney JK, Joehlin-Price AS. Evaluation of Lineage/Site-specific Nuclear Immunohistochemical Markers SATB2, Cyclin D1, SALL4, and BCOR in High-grade Endometrial Carcinomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:443-450. [PMID: 36731037 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms involving the gynecologic tract routinely include a poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma (EC) in the differential diagnosis. Some nuclear lineage/site-specific immunohistochemical markers are utilized in this diagnostic setting including SATB2, cyclin D1, SALL4, and BCOR, but their specificity and use in small samples are not clear across the spectrum of ECs. Cases of undifferentiated/dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (UEC/DDEC), clear cell carcinoma (CCC), uterine serous carcinoma (USC), FIGO grade 3 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) were identified and diagnoses confirmed. Whole-section immunohistochemical stains for SATB2, cyclin D1, SALL4, BCOR, and PAX8 were performed. A total of 113 cases were utilized: 15 CCC, 26 EEC, 19 UCS, 22 USC, and 31 UEC/DDEC. Cases were distributed across both low (49%) and high (51%) FIGO clinical stages. SATB2 was expressed by UCS (8/19, 42%), EEC (10/26, 38%), UEC/DDEC (11/30, 37%), and USC (6/22, 27%). Cyclin D1 was expressed by EEC (24/26, 92%), USC (17/22, 77%), UEC/DDEC (15/20 EEC component, 75%; 22/30 UEC, 73%), UCS (10/16 carcinoma, 63%; 11/19 sarcoma, 58%), and CCC (8/15, 53%). SALL4 was expressed most frequently by UEC/DDEC (12/30, 40%), but also USC (7/22, 32%), EEC (5/26, 19%), and UCS (4/16 carcinoma, 25%; 3/19 sarcoma, 16%). BCOR was expressed at low levels in 2 USC, 2 UEC/DDEC, and 2 UCS. PAX8 was generally positive but showed lower expression in UEC/DDEC (17/30, 57%) and in the sarcomatous portions of UCS (6/19, 32%). SATB2, cyclin D1, SALL4, and BCOR stain variable numbers of poorly-differentiated EC and must be carefully interpreted within morphologic and clinical context.
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Davoodi Asl F, Sahraei SS, Kalhor N, Fazaeli H, Sheykhhasan M, Soleimani Moud S, Naserpour L, Sheikholeslami A. Promising effects of exosomes from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on endometriosis. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100788. [PMID: 37542905 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis as a non-malignant gynecological disease leads to dysregulation of numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shed light on the importance of endometrial stem cells within the menstrual blood which are involved in the establishment and progression of endometriotic lesions in a retrograde manner. According to the fact that the therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells are provided through paracrine functions, we used exosomes from menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) for treating endometriotic stem cells to inhibit their lesion formation tendency. Menstrual blood samples from healthy and endometriosis women were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the density-gradient centrifugation method were characterized by flow cytometry. Secreted exosomes were isolated from healthy MenSCs (NE-MenSCs) and used to treat endometriotic cells (E-MenSCs). 72 h after treatment, different mechanisms and pathways including inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis were analyzed using Real-Time PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, annexin V/PI, and scratching assay. Exosome treatment significantly reduce the expression level of markers related to inflammation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in E-MenSCs which are aberrantly expressed in endometriosis. Moreover, apoptosis was induced in E-MenSCs after treatment which was evaluated in both gene and protein levels. In this study, we give preliminary evidence for the potential of MenSCs-Exo in ameliorating endometriosis. Regarding our results, we suggest that after relevant clinical trial, MenSCs-derived exosomes can be considered as a better treatment option to improve endometriosis compared to common and conventional treatments and show their potential as a cell-free product in endometriosis repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Davoodi Asl
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saeideh Sahraei
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Fazaeli
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soleimani Moud
- Midwifery ward, Infertility treatment center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Leila Naserpour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
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Paudice M, Biatta CM, Scaglione G, Parodi A, Mammoliti S, Moioli M, Centurioni MG, Barra F, Ferrero S, De Cian F, Mazzocco K, Vellone VG. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Prognostic Factors in High-Grade Non-Endometrioid Carcinomas of the Endometrium (HG-NECs): Is It Possible to Identify Subgroups at Increased Risk? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2171. [PMID: 37443564 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is an emerging disease with an increase in prevalence of aggressive histotypes in recent years. BACKGROUND In the present study, potential histopathological and immunohistochemical prognostic markers were investigated. Consecutive cases of high-grade non-endometrioid carcinoma (HG-NEC) of the endometrium were considered. METHODS Each surgical specimen was routinely processed; the most significant block was selected for immunohistochemistry and tested for ER, PR, ki67, p53, E-cadherin, β-catenin, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. For each immunomarker, the percentage of positive tumor cells was evaluated (%) and dichotomized as low and high according to the distribution in the study population. Follow-up was collected for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Thirty-three cases were eligible: 19 resulted in FIGO I-II; 14 resulted in FIGO III-IV. Twelve patients suffered a recurrent disease (mean follow-up 24.6 months); 8 patients died of the disease (mean follow-up 26.6 months). RESULTS Women with recurrent disease demonstrated a significantly higher Bcl2% (35.84 ± 30.96% vs. 8.09 ± 11.56%; p = 0.0032) while DOD patients had higher ki67% (75 ± 13.09% vs. 58.6 ± 19.97%; p = 0.033) and Bcl2% of border significance (34.37 ± 34.99% vs. 13 ± 17.97%; p = 0.078). As expected, FIGO III-IV had a worse DFS (HR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.1-10.99; p = 0.034) and OS (HR = 5.19; 95% CI: 1.27-21.14; p = 0.0217). Bcl-2-high patients (Bcl2 > 10%) demonstrated a significantly worse DFS (HR = 9.11; 95% CI: 2.6-32.4; p = 0.0006) and OS (HR = 7.63; 95% CI: 1.7-34; p = 0.0084); moreover, PR low patients (PR ≤ 10%) had significantly worse DFS (HR = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.2-11.9; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS HG-NEC represents a heterogeneous group of endometrial aggressive neoplasms with a worrisome prognosis, often at an advanced stage at presentation. Bcl-2 and PR may represent promising markers to identify a subgroup of patients having an even worse prognosis requiring a careful and close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Paudice
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Pathology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Biatta
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Parodi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Serafina Mammoliti
- Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Melita Moioli
- Obstetrics & Gynecology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Barra
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Obstetrics & Gynecology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco De Cian
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- General Surgery University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Mazzocco
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio Gaetano Vellone
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Gong H, Chen K, Zhou L, Jin Y, Chen W. Deleted in liver cancer 1 suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells through inhibiting Rho-associated protein kinase pathway. Asian J Urol 2023; 10:50-57. [PMID: 36721699 PMCID: PMC9875144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a GTPase-activating protein that is reported as a suppressor in certain human cancers. However, the detailed biological function of DLC1 is still unclear in human prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, we aimed to explore the function of DLC1 in PCa cells. Methods Silencing and overexpression of DLC1 were induced in an androgen-sensitive PCa cell line (LNCaP) using RNA interference and lentiviral vector transduction. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to determine cell proliferation. The cell cycle was examined by performing a propidium iodide staining assay. Results Our results indicated that DLC1 overexpression markedly suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle progression of LNCaP cells. Moreover, DLC1 expression was negatively correlated with Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) expression in LNCaP cells. Importantly, this study showed that the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 restored the function of DLC1 in LNCaP cells and reduced the tumorigenicity of LNCaP cells in vivo. Conclusion Our results indicated that DLC1 overexpression markedly suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle progression of PCa cells and negatively correlated with ROCK expression in PCa cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchao Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author.
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Molecular Regulation of Androgen Receptors in Major Female Reproductive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147556. [PMID: 35886904 PMCID: PMC9322163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three main types of cancer in the female reproductive system, specifically ovarian cancer (OVCA), endometrial cancer (EC), and cervical cancer (CC). They are common malignant tumors in women worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, androgen receptors (ARs) have been found to be closely related to the occurrence, progression, prognosis, and drug resistance of these three types of tumors. This paper summarizes current views on the role of AR in female reproductive system cancer, the associations between female reproductive system cancers and AR expression and polymorphisms. AR regulates the downstream target genes transcriptional activity and the expression via interacting with coactivators/corepressors and upstream/downstream regulators and through the gene transcription mechanism of “classical A/AR signaling” or “non-classical AR signaling”, involving a large number of regulatory factors and signaling pathways. ARs take part in the processes of cancer cell proliferation, migration/invasion, cancer cell stemness, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. These findings suggest that the AR and related regulators could target the treatment of female reproductive system cancer.
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10
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Moon S, Hwang S, Kim B, Lee S, Kim H, Lee G, Hong K, Song H, Choi Y. Hippo Signaling in the Endometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073852. [PMID: 35409214 PMCID: PMC8998929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The uterus is essential for embryo implantation and fetal development. During the estrous cycle, the uterine endometrium undergoes dramatic remodeling to prepare for pregnancy. Angiogenesis is an essential biological process in endometrial remodeling. Steroid hormones regulate the series of events that occur during such remodeling. Researchers have investigated the potential factors, including angiofactors, involved in endometrial remodeling. The Hippo signaling pathway discovered in the 21st century, plays important roles in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation and cell death. However, its role in the endometrium remains unclear. In this review, we describe the female reproductive system and its association with the Hippo signaling pathway, as well as novel Hippo pathway genes and potential target genes.
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11
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Wang X, Wu P, Zeng C, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Xue Q. Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 02381 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Ovarian Endometrial Stromal Cells through the miR-27b-3p/CTNNB1 Axis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:433. [PMID: 35327987 PMCID: PMC8955621 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1) is a key regulator of cell proliferation and invasion in endometriosis; however, its upstream factor is not clear. Long noncoding RNAs may participate in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of interaction between LINC02381 and CTNNB1 in endometriosis. METHOD Screening and validation of RNAs were completed by whole transcriptional sequencing and qRT-PCR. The subcellular localization of LINC02381 was determined by RNA in situ hybridization and nucleo-cytoplasmic separation. Plasmids were transfected for functional experiments. Luciferase assay was used to verify the binding relationship. RESULTS The expression of LINC02381 and CTNNB1 was significantly increased in ovarian ectopic endometrial tissues (OSAs) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). When LINC02381 was downregulated in ESCs, the expression of CTNNB1, metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and cyclinD1, as well as ESCs invasion and proliferation, decreased. LINC02381 was mainly present in the cytoplasm of ESCs, indicating that it may act as a competitive endogenous RNA. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that microRNA-27b-3p (miR-27b-3p) is a downstream target of LINC02381. miR-27b-3p decreased in OSAs and ESCs. Moreover, when miR-27b-3p was upregulated in ESCs, the expression of CTNNB1, MMP9 and cyclinD1, as well as the invasion and proliferation ability of ESCs, were reduced. Additionally, rescue experiments demonstrated that the expression of CTNNB1, MMP9 and cyclinD1, as well as the invasion and proliferation ability, were significantly increased in the group transfected with both sh-LINC02381 and a miR-27b-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSION LINC02381 upregulated CTNNB1 by adsorbing miR-27b-3p, causing increased proliferation and invasion of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (X.W.); (P.W.); (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
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12
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Chen E, Liu N, Zhao Y, Tang M, Ou L, Wu X, Luo C. Panobinostat reverses HepaCAM gene expression and suppresses proliferation by increasing histone acetylation in prostate cancer. Gene 2022; 808:145977. [PMID: 34592353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) affiliated to the epigenetic regulation is common aberration in prostate cancer (PCa). We have confirmed that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), acting as a tumor suppressor gene, is rarely expressed in PCa previously, However, the mechanisms of which is still unknown. The level of histone acetylation reportedly may involve anti-oncogene transcription and expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of panobinostat, the broad-spectrum histone deacetylases inhibitor, on PCa LNCaP and DU145 cell growth, and observed re-expression of hepaCAM when treated with panobinostat. We demonstrated that intranuclear acetylation of lys9 of histone H3 (Ac-H3K9) were increased, while that of both mRNA and protein of HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC4 were decreased when the treating concentration of panobinostat increased. We confirmed the relationship between histone acetylation and the expression of hepaCAM and AR in prostate cancer tissues. We also confirmed that panobinostat could overcome the resistance for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Further, we combined panobinostat with Ad-hepaCAM, which resulted in significantly increased antitumor activity and significant attenuation of the proliferation-associated genes CCND1 and PCNA compared to each single treatment. In conclusion, panobinostat may enhance the acetylation of lys9 of histone 3 and reverse the hepaCAM expression through its inhibitory effect on HDACs activity in PCa LNCaP and DU145 cells; Ad-hepaCAM combined with panobinostat may synergistically inhibit the growth of LNCaP and DU145 cells, via a potential mechanism associated with the down-regulation of the expression of CCND1 and PCNA. These findings suggest that this therapeutic strategy should be further developed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, People's Republic of China
| | - NanJing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - LiPing Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunLi Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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13
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A Comparative Study of Gene Expression in Menstrual Blood-Derived Stromal Cells between Endometriosis and Healthy Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7053521. [PMID: 35059465 PMCID: PMC8766185 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7053521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Research into the pathogenesis of endometriosis would substantially promote its effective treatment and early diagnosis. Currently, accumulating evidence has shed light on the importance of endometrial stem cells within the menstrual blood which are involved in the establishment and progression of endometriotic lesions in a retrograde manner. Objectives. We aimed to identify the differences in some genes’ expression between menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) isolated from endometriosis patients (E-MenSCs) and MenSCs from healthy women (NE-MenSCs). Methods. Menstrual blood samples (2-3 mL) from healthy and endometriosis women in the age range of 22–35 years were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient centrifugation method were characterized by flow cytometry. MenSCs were evaluated for key related endometriosis genes by real-time-PCR. Results. E-MenSCs were morphologically different from NE-MenSCs and showed, respectively, higher and lower expression of CD10 and CD9. Furthermore, E-MenSCs had higher expression of Cyclin D1 (a cell cycle-related gene) and MMP-2 and MMP-9 (migration- and invasion-related genes) genes compared with NE-MenSCs. Despite higher cell proliferation in E-MenSCs, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly lower in E-MenSCs compared to NE-MenSCs. Also, the level of inflammatory genes such as IL1β, IL6, IL8, and NF-κB and stemness genes including SOX2 and SALL4 was increased in E-MenSCs compared with NE-MenSCs. Further, VEGF, as a potent angiogenic factor, showed a significant increase in E-MenSCs rather than NE-MenSCs. However, NE-MenSCs showed increased ER-α and β-catenin when compared with E-MenSCs. Conclusion. Here, we showed that there are gene expression differences between E-MenSCs and NE-MenSCs. These findings propose that MenSCs could play key role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and further support the menstrual blood retrograde theory of endometriosis formation. This could be of great importance in exploiting promising therapeutic targets and new biomarkers for endometriosis treatment and prognosis.
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14
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Ray JE, Ralff MD, Jhaveri A, Zhou L, Dicker DT, Ross EA, El-Deiry WS. Antitumorigenic effect of combination treatment with ONC201 and TRAIL in endometrial cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:554-563. [PMID: 34696710 PMCID: PMC8726732 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1977067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201 demonstrated promising activity in patients with advanced endometrial cancer in a Phase I clinical trial. ONC201 activates the integrated stress response (ISR) and upregulates TRAIL and its receptor DR5. We hypothesized ONC201 upregulation of DR5 could sensitize tumors to TRAIL and combination of ONC201 and TRAIL would lead to enhanced cell death in endometrial cancer models. Five endometrial cancer cell lines AN3CA, HEC1A, Ishikawa, RL952, and KLE as well as a murine xenograft model were treated with ONC201 alone or in combination with TRAIL. ONC201 decreased the cell viability of all five endometrial cancer cell lines at clinically achievable low micro-molar concentrations (2–4 μM). ONC201 activated the ISR and induced protein expression of TRAIL and DR5 at the cell surface. Pretreatment with ONC201 sensitized endometrial cancer cell lines to TRAIL, leading to increased cell death induction compared to either agent alone. Tumor growth was reduced in vivo by the ONC201/TRAIL combination treatment in the xenograft model of endometrial cancer (p = .014). Mice treated with combination treatment survived significantly longer than mice from the three control groups (p = .018). ONC201 decreased cell viability in endometrial cancer cells lines primarily through growth arrest while the combination of ONC201 and TRAIL promoted cell death in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest a novel cancer therapeutic strategy that can be further investigated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn E Ray
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie D Ralff
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,MD/PhD Program, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aakash Jhaveri
- Master of Science in Biotechnology Program, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Cancer Center at Brown University, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric A Ross
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Cancer Center at Brown University, the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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Patterns of Myometrial Invasion in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma with Emphasizing on Microcystic, Elongated and Fragmented (MELF) Glands Pattern: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091707. [PMID: 34574048 PMCID: PMC8469256 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEC) is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. According to the 2009 FIGO staging system, the depth of myometrial invasion (MI), and tumor spread to adjacent organs or tissues are the staging criteria for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Therefore, assessment of the depth of MI is of great importance. There is a spectrum of morphological patterns of MI. Still, their number and features vary according to the scientific literature, with a certain overlap that creates difficulties and controversies in the precise assessment of MI depth. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss the most important and recent information about patterns of MI, focusing on the more aggressive and the elongated and fragmented glands (MELF) pattern in particular. Assessment of MI depth and correct staging of EC is possible only after the precise recognition of each MI pattern.
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16
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Wang X, Wu P, Li X, Zeng C, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Xue Q. Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Proliferation and Invasion of Ovarian Endometrial Stromal Cells and Their Expression of SF-1, ERβ, and Aromatase. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666195. [PMID: 34531822 PMCID: PMC8438523 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic disease. The abnormal proliferation and invasion of ectopic stromal cells (ESCs) are important manifestations of endometriosis, and it is necessary to find safer and more effective treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been shown to be promising for the treatment of many diseases, except endometriosis. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effect of EVs derived from UC-MSCs on ESCs and evaluate the therapeutic value of EVs on endometriosis. Study Design Following the successful culture and identification of UC-MSCs, we collected the medium of UC-MSCs and extracted EVs by ultracentrifugation. Then, 120 μg/mL EVs were used to stimulate ESCs, which were collected to evaluate cell proliferation and invasion and expression of the estrogen-related proteins steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), estrogen receptors β (ERβ), and aromatase. Results Compared with the control group treated with isodose phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 120 μg/mL EVs exposure significantly decreased the expression of cyclin D1 (mRNA: n = 6, P = 0.02; protein: n = 6, P = 0.000) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 (mRNA: n = 6, P = 0.04; protein: n = 6, P = 0.000) of ESCs, which were consistent with Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) results (day 0: NC: 0.29 ± 0.04, 120 μg/mL EVs: 0.28 ± 0.04; day 1: NC: 0.42 ± 0.08, 120 μg/mL EVs: 0.32 ± 0.01; day 2: NC: 0.64 ± 0.07, 120 μg/mL EVs: 0.50 ± 0.05, P = 0.000; day 3: NC: 0.82 ± 0.09, 120 μg/mL EVs: 0.65 ± 0.07, P = 0.000; day 4: NC: 0.95 ± 0.11, 120 μg/mL EVs: 0.76 ± 0.07, P = 0.012; n = 6) and Transwell experiments (n = 6, P = 0.000). In addition, the expression of SF-1 (encoded by NR5A1; mRNA: n = 6, P = 0.000; protein: n = 6, P = 0.000), ERβ (encoded by ESR2; mRNA: n = 6, P = 0.000; protein: n = 6, P = 0.000), and aromatase (encoded by CYP19A1; mRNA: n = 6, P = 0.04; protein: n = 6, P = 0.000) in ESCs decreased significantly. Conclusion Taken together, the results show that 120 μg/mL EVs derived from UC-MSCs can effectively inhibit the proliferation and invasion of ESCs, as well as their expression of SF-1, ERβ and aromatase, and thus may lead to the alleviation of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Abu Shahin N, Aladily T, Abu Alhaj N, Al-Khader A, Alqaqa S, Aljaberi R, Amer L, Elshebli S. Differential Expression of Androgen Receptor in Type I and Type II Endometrial Carcinomas: A Clinicopathological Analysis and Correlation with Outcome. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e245. [PMID: 33833869 PMCID: PMC8015675 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2021.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Endometrial carcinomas (EC) are the most common gynecological malignancies and are conventionally divided into type I and type II due to diagnostic and prognostic considerations. Female hormone expression in EC is extensively studied; however, data about androgen receptor (AR) expression in EC are sparse. We aimed to study AR expression in different types of EC at our institute and whether it had an impact on patient outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis of EC cases diagnosed and treated from 2010–2019. AR immunohistochemical expression was tested in 52 EC cases (type I = 40; type II = 12). Histological typing was verified according to conventional diagnostic criteria. Only primary EC were included without neoadjuvant therapy. Histologic score was calculated as: stain intensity (graded 0–3) × positive cells percentage (graded 0–4). Level of expression was scored from 0 to 12. Results The mean age of the selected patients was 60.3 years (range = 31–88 ± 12.6). Recurrence was detected in 11 (21.2%) patients. The outcome was 40 patients were alive without disease, eight alive with disease, three dead of disease, and one dead of other causes. About 62.5% of type I-EC and 25.0% of type II-EC were AR positive. AR expression was analyzed against different clinicopathological parameters including: type (p = 0.005), histotype (p = 0.044); grade (p = 0.035); age group (p = 0.207); menopause (p = 0.086); estrogen receptor (ER) expression (p = 0.284); atypical complex hyperplasia (p = 0.594); tumor stage (p = 0.994); tumor recurrence (p = 0.530); node status (p = 0.110); and outcome (p = 0.202). Conclusion AR expression was higher in type I EC, endometrial endometrioid carcinoma histotype, and with a lower grade. AR expression was not significantly correlated with age, stage, ER, atypical hyperplasia, recurrence, node status, or outcome. Results agree with recent literature that AR expression is associated with better-differentiated EC and may be a potential hormonal therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Abu Shahin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tariq Aladily
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nezeen Abu Alhaj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali Al-Khader
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Shefa Alqaqa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | | | - Lama Amer
- Faculty of Medicine,University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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18
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Howard D, James D, Murphy K, Garcia-Parra J, Pan-Castillo B, Rex S, Moul A, Jones E, Bilbao-Asensio M, Michue-Seijas S, Lutchman-Singh K, Margarit L, Francis LW, Rees P, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Dinaciclib, a Bimodal Agent Effective against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1135. [PMID: 33800911 PMCID: PMC7962054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most prevalent female cancer globally and although high rates of success are achieved when diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate for cancers diagnosed at Stages II-IV is below 50%. Improving patient outcomes will necessitate the introduction of novel therapies to the clinic. Pan-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis) have been explored as therapies for a range of cancers due to their ability to simultaneously target multiple key cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, transcription, and DNA repair. Few studies, however, have reported on their potential for the treatment of EC. Herein, we examined the effects of the pan-CDKi dinaciclib in primary cells isolated directly from tumors and EC cell lines. Dinaciclib was shown to elicit a bimodal action in EC cell lines, disrupting both cell cycle progression and phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase carboxy terminal domain, with a concomitant reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of combining dinaciclib and cisplatin was explored, with the drugs demonstrating synergy at specific doses in Type I and Type II EC cell lines. Together, these results highlight the potential of dinaciclib for use as an effective EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Howard
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - David James
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Kate Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Jezabel Garcia-Parra
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Belen Pan-Castillo
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Stuart Rex
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Annemarie Moul
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Eilir Jones
- Department of Pathology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; (K.M.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Marc Bilbao-Asensio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Saul Michue-Seijas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (M.B.-A.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Kerryn Lutchman-Singh
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK;
| | - Lavinia Margarit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess of Wales Hospital, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend CF31 1RQ, UK;
| | - Lewis W. Francis
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (D.H.); (D.J.); (J.G.-P.); (B.P.-C.); (L.W.F.); (D.G.)
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19
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Sangwan K, Garg M, Pathak N, Bharti L. Expression of Cyclin D1 in Hyperplasia and Carcinoma of Endometrium and Its Correlation with Histologic Grade, Tumor Type, and Clinicopathological Features. J Lab Physicians 2020; 12:165-170. [PMID: 33268933 PMCID: PMC7684994 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Endometrial carcinoma is often preceded by characteristic histopathologic lesions known as endometrial hyperplasia. Estrogen, p53, PTEN, and overexpression of cyclin D1 appear to be involved in the development of endometrial carcinogenesis.
Design
We evaluated and compared the expression profile of cyclin D1 expressions in 50 endometrial samples submitted as either endometrial curetting (
n
= 34) or hysterectomy (
n
= 16) specimens, which were diagnosed as simple hyperplasia (
n
= 10), complex hyperplasia (
n
= 06), atypical hyperplasia (
n
= 04), and endometrial carcinoma (
n
= 20). Ten cases of normal proliferative and secretory endometrium were selected as controls. Breast cancer with known cyclin D1 expression was selected as a positive control in each immunohistochemistry run.
Results
Cyclin D1 was significantly overexpressed in glands with complex hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma compared with proliferative or secretory endometrium and simple hyperplasia. A statistical difference was found in the extent of cyclin D1 positivity of simple hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium (
p
< 0.005). No statistical difference was seen between complex hyperplasia and carcinoma and clinicopathologic parameters in endometrioid carcinomas. All cases of clear cell carcinoma and serous carcinoma showed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity. Significant statistical difference was seen between cyclin D1 expression and only one clinicopathologic parameter, i.e., menopausal status in endometrial carcinomas
Conclusion
Cyclin D1 over expression may be an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis and cyclin D1 over expression may be an informative biomarker to recognize subsets of endometrial lesions that may be precancerous and therefore amenable to surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Sangwan
- Department of Pathology, World College of Medical Science and Research, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Nayana Pathak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Lavleen Bharti
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
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20
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Li L, Jiang H, Wei X, Geng D, He M, Du H. Bu Shen Zhu Yun Decoction Improves Endometrial Receptivity via VEGFR-2-Mediated Angiogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:3949824. [PMID: 32082394 PMCID: PMC7011400 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3949824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) regulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and plays an important role in angiogenesis. Bu Shen Zhu Yun decoction (BSZYD) can improve endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation rates in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. However, whether BSZYD improves endometrial receptivity via angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of BSZYD on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMECs) and found that BSZYD upregulated the expression of cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HEMECs. Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, scratch-wound assay, and Tube Formation Assay results showed that BSZYD promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HEMECs. Western blot analysis results revealed the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by BSZYD through the upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression. Together, these findings highlight the novel mechanism underlying BSZYD-mediated improvement in endometrial receptivity through the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huabo Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuecong Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huilan Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Hernández JE, González-Montiel A, Allos-Villalva JCC, Cantú D, Barquet S, Olivares-Mundo A, Herrera LA, Prada D. Prognostic molecular biomarkers in endometrial cancer: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:17-28. [PMID: 34322276 PMCID: PMC8315102 DOI: 10.14312/2052-4994.2019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. The endometrioid subtype has an excellent prognosis with conventional treatment; however, recurrence reduces overall survival. Objective: Describe the most relevant evidence regarding selected potential molecular biomarkers that may predict overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in EC. Methods: An exhaustive search was performed in PUBMED with the search terms endometrial cancer, molecular biomarker, and survival. We selected original articles written in English about endometrial cancer, molecular biomarkers, and that included survival analysis published between January 2000 and December 2016. Results: Several molecular prognostic biomarkers have been studied in terms of survival and therapeutic response in women with endometrial cancer; hormone receptors, microRNAs, and other molecules have emerged as potentially useful biomarkers, including HER2, p21, HE4, PTEN, p27, ANCCA, and ANXA2. Conclusions: The use of biomarkers in the assessment of OS, RFS, and CSS requires large trials to expand our understanding of endometrial carcinogenesis. Several molecular markers are significantly associated with a high tumor grade and advanced clinical stage in EC and, therefore, could have additive effects when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Edgardo Hernández
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Ailyn González-Montiel
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Jesús C Ceb Allos-Villalva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, C.U., Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, Mexico, 04510
| | - David Cantú
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Salim Barquet
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Anny Olivares-Mundo
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
| | - Diddier Prada
- Unit of Biomedical Research, National Cancer Institute- Biomedical Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico. San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegatión Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14080.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, C.U., Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City, Mexico, 04510
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22
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Wang S, Zhang X, Wang G, Cao B, Yang H, Jin L, Cui M, Mao Y. Syndecan-1 suppresses cell growth and migration via blocking JAK1/STAT3 and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in human colorectal carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1160. [PMID: 31783811 PMCID: PMC6884902 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a crucial membrane proteoglycan, which is confirmed to participate in several tumor cell biological processes. However, the biological significance of SDC-1 in colorectal carcinoma is not yet clear. An objective of this study was to investigate the role of SDC-1 in colorectal carcinoma cells. METHODS Expression of SDC-1 in colorectal carcinoma tissues was evaluated by Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. After transfection with pcDNA3.1 or pc-SDC-1, the transfection efficiency was measured. Next, SW480, SW620 and LOVO cell viability, apoptosis, migration and adhesion were assessed to explore the effects of exogenous overexpressed SDC-1 on colorectal carcinoma. In addition, the influences of aberrant expressed SDC-1 in Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS SDC-1 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated in human colorectal carcinoma tissues. SDC-1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation via suppressing CyclinD1 and c-Myc expression, meanwhile stimulated cell apoptosis via increasing the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2-associated x (Bax) and Cleaved-Caspase-3. Additionally, SDC-1 overexpression restrained cell migration via inhibiting the protein expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and elicited cell adhesion through increasing intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, SDC-1 overexpression suppressed JAK1/STAT3 and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK-related protein levels. CONCLUSIONS In general, the evidence from this study suggested that SDC-1 suppressed cell growth, migration through blocking JAK1/STAT3 and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways in human colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Lipeng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mingjuan Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.59 Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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23
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Liao YM, Song Y, Li YK, Du JH, Zhou Y. SOX17, β-catenin and CyclinD1 expression in the endometrioid adenocarcinoma and influence of 5-AZA on expression. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:256-263. [PMID: 31543512 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study discusses the expression and effect of the SOX17 gene in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. MTT assay is performed to determine the growth inhibition ratio of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-AZA for endometrial carcinoma cells, and the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of SOX17, β-catenin, and CyclinD1 in endometrial carcinoma tissues before and after using 5-AZA to treat the endometrial carcinoma cell line. There were 30 cases on endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues and 10 cases on normal endometrial tissues. The results revealed that the expression of SOX17 in endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues was downregulated (P < 0.05), the expression of β-catenin and CyclinD1 was upregulated (P < 0.05), and the expression of SOX17, CyclinD1, and β-catenin was negatively correlated (r = -0.353, P > 0.05; R = -0.463, P < 0.05). The higher the histological grade and FIGO staging were, the lower the expression level of SOX17 was (P < 0.05). After HEC1A cells were treated by 5-AZA, the cell growth inhibition was most obvious (IC50 = 12.033) at 72 h, as determined by MTT assay. After cell treatment by 5-AZA, the genetic expression of SOX17 significantly increased, when compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05), while the genetic expression of β-catenin and CyclinD1 significantly declined (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the expression level of SOX17 in endometrioid adenocarcinoma declined, and the upregulated expression level of SOX17 in cells inhibited the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Li X, Gao S, Li W, Liu Z, Shi Z, Qiu C, Jiang J. Effect of monoacylglycerol lipase on the tumor growth in endometrial cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2043-2054. [PMID: 31357249 PMCID: PMC6790660 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a dual role in tumorigenesis, specifically in the occurrence and development of cancers. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a hydrolase that is important for lipid metabolism, plays a vital role in different aspects of tumorigenesis. Many studies have shown that MAGL is highly elevated in a variety of cancers and plays an active role. However, its potential role in supporting endometrial cancer (EC) growth and progression has not yet been explored in depth. Methods Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to estimate the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of MAGL in tumor tissues. Then, JZL184 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to decrease the expression of MAGL in EC cells. The gene and protein expression levels of MAGL were measured using quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Additionally, the effect of MAGL on tumor growth in EC was detected by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide , cell cycle and western blotting assay in vitro. Results We found that MAGL was overexpressed in EC and was significantly correlated with surgical‐pathological stage, myometrial invasion, number of pregnancies and body mass index. The growth and cell cycle progression of tumor cells were significantly impaired in vitro by the pharmacological and siRNA‐mediated MAGL inhibition. In addition, MAGL inhibition seemed to repress two target genes, Cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2. Conclusion In summary, we have demonstrated that MAGL is involved in EC growth and progression. Our results suggest that targeting MAGL may be a novel and valid treatment for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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25
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Tripathi R, Rath G, Jawanjal P, Bharadwaj M, Mehrotra R. ≤ Cyclin D1 protein affecting global women's health by regulating HPV mediated adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5019. [PMID: 30903019 PMCID: PMC6430791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the uterine cervix (UC) is a rare form of cervical cancer (CC) caused due to the infection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Cyclin D1 is one of the downstream targets of aberrantly activated Notch signaling, contribute to the etiology of CC. However, little is known about the role of Cyclin D1 in the modulation of cervical ADC and is controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Cyclin D1 protein and to elucidate the combined analysis with Notch signaling proteins in HPV associated ADCs of CC. A total of 60 biopsy samples (40 normal and 20 ADCs of CC) were analyzed for the expression of Cyclin D1 in HPV associated ADCs via immunohistochemistry and by immunoblotting. HPV-16 positive ADC patients showed a strong association with the Cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.007). The significant mean difference (p = 0.0001) and the pairwise comparison between Cyclin D1/JAG1 (p = 0.0001), and Cyclin D1/Notch-3 (p = 0.0001) were observed. The above Notch signaling proteins showed their synergistic role in modulating Cyclin D1 which in-turn regulates HPV-16 associated ADC of the uterine cervix (UC), affecting women’s global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tripathi
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.,Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Gayatri Rath
- Department of Anatomy, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Jawanjal
- Department of Anatomy, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida, India.
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26
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Yuan DZ, Lei Y, Zhao D, Pan JL, Zhao YB, Nie L, Liu M, Long Y, Zhang JH, Yue LM. Progesterone-Induced miR-145/miR-143 Inhibits the Proliferation of Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Reprod Sci 2019; 26:233-243. [PMID: 29661100 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118768687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that progesterone (P4) can specifically regulate the expression of some microRNAs (miRNAs) in endometrial epithelium. In the present study, we verified the P4-dependent expression of miR-145/miR-143 in endometrial epithelial cells, explored the regulative mechanism of the P4 receptor (PR), and investigated their effects on the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. Our results showed that P4 can induce the expression of miR-145/143 in endometrial epithelial cells by acting on the PR A subtype. P4-induced miR-145/143 can inhibit the expression of cyclin D2 by binding to cyclin D2 mRNA 3'UTR. It can also inhibit cell proliferation in mouse endometrial epithelium by arresting the cell cycle during the G1-S checkpoint. Furthermore, miR-145 and miR-143 can inhibit the proliferation of human endometrial cancer cells. In conclusion, P4-induced miR-145/miR-143 is an important regulator in the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells, and it can also inhibit the proliferation of human endometrial cancer cells. Our study indicates miRNAs are important mechanism of P4 in inhibiting the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. And these miRNAs are potential candidates for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhi Yuan
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lei
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Pan
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Bo Zhao
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Long
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hu Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Yue
- 1 Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Liu Z, An H, Song P, Wang D, Li S, Chen K, Pang Q. Potential targets of TMEM176A in the growth of glioblastoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7763-7775. [PMID: 30464524 PMCID: PMC6223399 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s179725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human transmembrane protein 176A (TMEM176A) is upregulated in several tumors. Growing evidence has suggested the high clinical value of TMEM176A as a biomarker for early tumor diagnosis. However, less is known about the function of TMEM176A in glioblastomas (GBMs). METHODS In this study, we systematically analyzed the effect of TMEM176A knockdown and overexpression in GBM cells (U87, T98G and A172) on cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. RESULTS Our results indicated that TMEM176A acted as a tumor-promoting factor in GBM cells. Moreover, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, suppressed the function of TMEM176A in GBM cells. Therefore, we proposed that TMEM176A may be involved in a pathway including ERK1/2 in the regulation of the cell cycle. Moreover, we also found that TMEM176A affected the expression of Bcl2 and played a central role in apoptosis of GBM cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results not only elucidated the multiple functions of TMEM176A in GBM cells but also provided a deep insight into the potential targets of TMEM176A in the growth of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia An
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Zhangqiu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichun Li
- Department of Doppler Ultrasonic, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Tianqiao, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Huaiyin, Jinan, Shandong 250200, People's Republic of China,
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28
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Khabaz MN, Abdelrahman AS, Butt NS, Al-Maghrabi B, Al-Maghrabi J. Cyclin D1 is significantly associated with stage of tumor and predicts poor survival in endometrial carcinoma patients. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 30:47-51. [PMID: 28965628 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 overexpression has been described to have oncogenic role and association with diagnosis, prognosis and survival in various tumors. This study will describe the immunohistochemical phenotype of cyclin D1, and investigate the correlation between these patterns of expression and clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinomas, to conclude the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 expression in the evolution of endometrial neoplasms. This study employed 101 endometrial tissue samples which include 71 endometrial carcinomas and thirty normal and benign endometrium cases. All these tissue samples were used in the assembly of tissue microarrays which have been utilized afterward in immunohistochemistry staining to detect cyclin D1 expression. Forty (56.3%) cases of endometrial carcinomas showed brown nuclear expression of cyclin D1 including 36 (61%) cases of endometrioid carcinomas, and 3 (33.3%) cases of serous carcinomas. Twenty three (76.6%) cases of control group demonstrated nuclear expression. High score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with patient age (P=0.0001). Large proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining was observed in females who are <40years of age while high proportions of negative staining were observed in older age groups. Histologic type of tissue was also significantly related to cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value=0.0001), high staining is more common in normal proliferative and secretory endometrium while serous carcinoma is more prevalent with negative staining. Stage of tumor was significantly associated with cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value=0.029), proportion of stage III and IV are higher in negative cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significantly higher proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed in controls while higher proportion of negative cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed among carcinoma cases (P-value=0.0001). No significant associations between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining and grade, recurrence and alive status were observed. Significant different survival distributions were observed (P-value=0.011) and poor survival behavior was correlated with negative cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, greater frequency of cyclin D1 expression was revealed in normal endometrial tissues in comparison with carcinomas. The distribution pattern of cyclin D1 immunoexpression suggests poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer Shafie Abdelrahman
- Departments of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basim Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Departments of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Tong R, Yang Q, Wang C, Bi F, Jiang B. OVCA1 expression and its correlation with the expression levels of cyclin D1 and p16 in cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2929-2936. [PMID: 28521400 PMCID: PMC5431343 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the associations between the protein and mRNA expression levels of ovarian cancer gene 1 (OVCA1), cyclin D1 and p16 and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in cervical lesions. The protein expression levels of OVCA1, cyclin D1 and p16 in 66 cases of cervical cancer, 64 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 34 normal cervix tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of OVCA1, cyclin D1 and p16 in cervical cancer and normal cervix cells were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the protein expression levels of OVCA1 increased gradually, whereas its mRNA expression levels decreased gradually, in the progression from normal cervix tissue to CIN and cervical cancer (P<0.01). In addition, significant differences in the protein expression levels of OVCA1 between low-and high-level CIN, as well as between the early and advanced stages of cervical cancer, were observed (P<0.05). No significant associations were detected between the protein and mRNA expression levels of OVCA1 and the pathological type of cervical cancer or the presence of lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). The expression levels of OVCA1 mRNA and protein were positively correlated with the levels of p16 expression (P<0.01). Significant differences were also observed in the OVCA1 protein and mRNA expression levels between the HR-HPV (+) and HR-HPV (−) groups (P<0.05). Therefore, aberrant expression of OVCA1 protein and mRNA may be important during the development of cervical lesions, particularly in the early stages. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of OVCA1 during cervical cancer development may involve p16 and HPV, as the levels of OVCA1 in cervical lesions were correlated with abnormal expression of p16 and HR-HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tong
- Ward One of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Nanhu Branch of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China.,Ward Four of Tumor Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Ward One of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Nanhu Branch of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Ward Four of Tumor Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Ward One of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Nanhu Branch of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Pathology Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Abstract
High-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 5 (HMGN5) is a new member of the high-mobility group N (HMGN) protein family that is involved in nucleosomal binding and transcriptional activation. It was first discovered in mouse, and recent studies found that the expressions of HMGN5 in many human cancers were also highly regulated, such as prostate, bladder, breast, and lung and clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Numerous reports have demonstrated that HMGN5 plays significant roles in many biological and pathological conditions, such as in developmental defects, hypersensitivity to stress, embryonic stem cell differentiation, and tumor progression. Importantly, deficiency of HMGN5 has been shown to be linked to cancer cell growth, cell cycle regulation, migration, invasion, and clinical outcomes, and it represents a promising therapeutic target for many malignant tumors. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the role of HMGN5 in cancer development and progression.
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Shevra CR, Ghosh A, Kumar M. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium. J Postgrad Med 2015; 61:15-20. [PMID: 25511212 PMCID: PMC4944360 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.147025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells are regulated by various cell cycle promoting and inhibiting factors. Our knowledge about these proteins and mechanisms regulating cell cycle progression has increased dramatically in recent years. Aim: The present study was undertaken to examine the expression profile of cell cycle regulatory proteins in normal proliferative endometrium, hyperplasias (simple, complex and atypical) and endometrial carcinoma in a quantitative approach as also to assess correlations of Cyclin D1 expression with Ki-67 a proliferation marker. Settings and Design: A retrospective case control study in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and Methods: We evaluated and compared the expression profile of Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expressions in 61 endometrial samples submitted as either endometrial curetting or hysterectomy specimens, which were diagnosed as simple hyperplasia (n =11), complex hyperplasia (n = 13), atypical hyperplasia (n = 7), and endometrial carcinoma (n = 20). Results: There was increased expression of Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in patients with endometrial carcinoma relative to proliferative endometrium and simple hyperplasia, but there was no such difference between cases of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Cyclin D1 expression had a positive correlation with Ki-67 expression. Cyclin D1 together with Ki-67 may be a marker for endometrial carcinogenesis and tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Niu Z, Wang M, Zhou L, Yao L, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16067. [PMID: 26530532 PMCID: PMC4632002 DOI: 10.1038/srep16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family. We evaluated the expression of GRP78 using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues from 180 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The associations between the expression levels of GRP78, clinicopathological factors, and overall survival were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of GRP78 was significantly higher in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct cells within adjacent nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). The increased expression of GRP78 in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with a higher T-stage (p < 0.05) and a shorter overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). In an in vitro study, the regulation of GRP78 in the PDAC cell lines affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells through the regulation of CyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6, phospho-signal transducer, activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), janus kinase 2 (JAK2), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), and sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (Smad4). The present data suggest that GRP78 plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and may be a suitable prognostic marker in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Huang JX, Yao J, Lin MS, Lin M, Xiao W, Yu H, Chen P, Qian RY. Evaluation of tumor metastasis-associated markers for molecular classification in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15920-15929. [PMID: 26629095 PMCID: PMC4658984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to ascertain the relationship of tumor metastasis-associated markers cyclin D1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to investigate their value in ESCC molecular classification. The expression of cyclin D1, CTGF and VEGF in 100 specimens from patients and 20 from normal esophageal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of their expression with prognosis of the patients with ESCC was evaluated by Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. High levels of expression of cyclin D1, CTGF, and VEGF were observed in 61 (61%), 53 (53%), 49 (49%) cases, respectively. Univariate survival analysis indicated that the levels of expression of cyclin D1, CTGF and VEGF were associated with survival (all P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that cyclin D1 and VEGF were independent prognostic factors affecting the three-year survival rate of patients (P = 0.001, 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, high level expression of cyclin D1, CTGF and VEGF in stage I patients was found associated with poor three-year survival rate (all P-value < 0.05). The prognosis probably was favorable for patients with low expression of cyclin D1 even in stage III, or VEGF even in stage IV. Tumor metastasis-associated markers such as cyclin D1 and VEGF may be independent prognostic factors affecting survival rate of postoperative ESCC patients. It is possible to judge prognosis better and tailor treatments to each individual patient when these markers were applied to ESCC molecular classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Jiangsu UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yao
- Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Jiangsu UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Song Lin
- Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Jiangsu UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Jiangsu UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pathology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Yu Qian
- Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou Medical School, Nantong & Jiangsu UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Matsumura N, Nobusawa S, Ikota H, Hirato J, Hirose T, Yokoo H, Nakazato Y. Coexpression of cyclin D1 and alpha-internexin in oligodendroglial tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:261-7. [PMID: 26233522 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumors with neuronal differentiation cases have been reported in recent studies. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to both oligodendrocytes and neurons; however, little is known about the association between OPCs and oligodendroglial tumors with neuronal differentiation. Previously, we observed the coexpression of cyclin D1, one of the OPC markers, and alpha-internexin (INA) in oligodendroglial tumor cells. INA is a neuronal marker, and has been indicated as an immunohistochemical surrogate of chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion in oligodendroglial tumors. In this study, we investigated the expression status in 83 gliomas immunohistochemically, and found that cyclin D1-positive cells were commonly detected in gliomas. There was no correlation between the cyclin D1 and Ki-67 labeling indices, suggesting an unrecognized role of cyclin D1 other than a cell cycle regulator in gliomas. Cyclin D1/INA double-positive cells were consistently observed in oligodendroglial tumors regardless of histological grade. In 2 cases of oligodendroglioma with neuronal differentiation, the tumor cells of neuronal morphology showed higher expression of INA, suggesting INA expression may be associated with a bona fide neuronal phenotype. The prevalence of cyclin D1/INA double-positive cells is a distinct feature of oligodendroglial tumors. This new characteristic finding may have practical utility in glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Matsumura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takanori Hirose
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
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Hu HL, Bai HS, Pan HX. Correlation between TAMs and proliferation and invasion of type I endometrial carcinoma. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:643-50. [PMID: 26321518 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between tumor-associated macrophages and the proliferation and invasion of type I endometrial carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the infiltration of macrophages in normal and different types of hyperplastic endometrial lesions. The proliferation and invasion ability of type I endometrial carcinoma cell line RL95-2 influenced by mononuclear macrophage cell line THP-1 (constructed M2 type macrophages) was detected by CCK8 and transwell technologies respectively. Transwell was used to evaluate the recruiting ability of RL95-2 on THP-1 cells. Otherwise, the western blot was also used to detect the expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-2 in RL95-2 with the influence of THP-1. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry result showed a positive correlation between the number of infiltrating macrophages and the progression of endometrial hyperplasia. THP-1 recruited by RL95-2 could promote its proliferation and invasion and enhance the expression of the CyclinD1 and MMP-2 protein in a time dependent manner (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increase of the number of infiltrating macrophages and its contribution to the tumor inflammatory microenvironment may result in the development of the type I endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Hu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Han-Song Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Graduate School, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hai-Xia Pan
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Gioacchini FM, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Kaleci S, Magliulo G, Presutti L, Re M. The prognostic value of cyclin D1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 273:801-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gibson DA, Simitsidellis I, Collins F, Saunders PTK. Evidence of androgen action in endometrial and ovarian cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T203-18. [PMID: 24623742 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer are common gynaecological malignancies. The impact of androgen action in these cancers is poorly understood; however, there is emerging evidence to suggest that targeting androgen signalling may be of therapeutic benefit. Epidemiological evidence suggests that there is an increased risk of EC associated with exposure to elevated levels of androgens, and genetic variants in genes related to both androgen biosynthesis and action are associated with an increased risk of both EC and ovarian cancer. Androgen receptors (ARs) may be a potential therapeutic target in EC due to reported anti-proliferative activities of androgens. By contrast, androgens may promote growth of some ovarian cancers and anti-androgen therapy has been proposed. Introduction of new therapies targeting ARs expressed in EC or ovarian cancer will require a much greater understanding of the impacts of cell context-specific AR-dependent signalling and how ARs can crosstalk with other steroid receptors during progression of disease. This review considers the evidence that androgens may be important in the aetiology of EC and ovarian cancer with discussion of evidence for androgen action in normal and malignant endometrial and ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Gibson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ioannis Simitsidellis
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Frances Collins
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Du X, Yang J, Yang D, Tian W, Zhu Z. The genetic basis for inactivation of Wnt pathway in human osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:450. [PMID: 24942472 PMCID: PMC4074405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a highly genetically unstable tumor with poor prognosis. We performed microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), and pathway analysis to gain a systemic view of the pathway alterations of osteosarcoma. METHODS aCGH experiments were carried out on 10 fresh osteosarcoma samples. The output data (Gene Expression Omnibus Series accession number GSE19180) were pooled with published aCGH raw data (GSE9654) to determine recurrent copy number changes. These were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to identify altered pathways in osteosarcoma. Transcriptome sequencing of six osteosarcomas was performed to detect the expression profile of Wnt signaling pathway genes. Protein expression of WNT1, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in the Wnt pathway was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in an independent group of 46 osteosarcoma samples. RESULTS KEGG pathway analysis identified frequent deletions of Wnt and other Wnt signaling pathway genes. At the mRNA level, transcriptome sequencing found reduced levels of mRNA expression of Wnt signaling pathway transcripts. While WNT1 protein expression was detected by IHC in 69.6% (32/46) of the osteosarcomas, no β-catenin protein was detected in the nucleus. β-catenin protein expression was, however, detected in the membrane and cytoplasm of 69.6% (32/46) of the osteosarcomas. c-myc protein expression was detected in only 47.8% (22/46) and cyclin D1 protein expression in 52.2% (24/46) of osteosarcoma samples. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that WNT1-negative patients had a trend towards longer disease free survival than WNT1-positive patients. Interestingly, in WNT1-negative patients, those who were also cyclin D1-negative had significantly longer disease free survival than cyclin D1-positive patients. However, there was no significant association between any of the investigated proteins and overall survival of human osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSIONS Frequent deletions of Wnt and other Wnt signaling pathway genes suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway is genetically inactivated in human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 30060, China.
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Guo G, Li H, Cao D, Chen Y. The development of endometrial hyperplasia in aged PD-1-deficient female mice. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:97. [PMID: 24886298 PMCID: PMC4066824 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed death-1 (PD-1, Pdcd1)-deficient mice develop different types of autoimmune diseases depending on the mouse strain but its role in uterus development has not been reported. Methods In this study, the expression of PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in uterine tissues from aged WT mice in a 129svEv-Brd background was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the uterine morphology between WT and PD-1-/- mice was compared by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results The aged PD-1-/- female mice in a 129svEv-Brd rather than Balb/c background develop endometrial hyperplasia. H&E staining showed an increase in the number of glands, neovascularization and an extremely large luminal cavity in aged PD-1-/- uteri. Immunohistochemical assay showed that the expression of PD-1 was observed in glandular/luminal epithelium and cells infiltrating the stroma. Fluorescent double staining demonstrated that PD-1 expresses on CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, CD16+ monocytes, CD56+ NK cells and CK-18+ epithelial cells, respectively. Additionally, PD-1 co-expresses with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and PD-1 deficiency resulted in an accumulation of glandular/luminal epithelium derived VEGF, which accelerates the expression of the proliferation-associated protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and thus potentially lead to epithelial proliferation in aged PD-1-/- uteri. Conclusions These findings showed that PD-1 deficiency augments luminal epithelial cell proliferation probably through induced VEGF secretion, suggesting PD-1 plays an important role in controlling the growth and differentiation of the uterine epithelium. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5809067461223905
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Kreizman-Shefer H, Pricop J, Goldman S, Elmalah I, Shalev E. Distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors isoforms in endometrial cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:77. [PMID: 24684970 PMCID: PMC4022268 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 70–80% of sporadic endometrial carcinomas are defined as endometrioid carcinoma (EC). Early-stage, well differentiated endometrial carcinomas usually retain expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), as advanced stage, poorly differentiated tumors often lack one or both of these receptors. Well-described EC prognosis includes tumor characteristics, such as depth of myometrial invasion. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the expression profile of ER and PR isoforms, including ER-α, PR-A and PR–B, in correlation to EC tumor histological depth. Methods Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis software, the expression of ER-α, PR-A, PR–B and Ki67 was assessed in endometrial stroma and epithelial glands of superficial, deep and extra-tumoral sections of 15 paraffin embedded EC specimens, and compared to 5 biopsies of non-malignant endometrium. Results Expression of PR-A and ER-α was found to be lower in EC compared to nonmalignant tissue, as the stromal expression was dramatically reduced compared to epithelial cells. Expression ratios of both receptors were significantly high in superficial and deep portions of EC; in non-tumoral portion of EC were close to the ratios of nonmalignant endometrium. PR-B expression was low in epithelial glands of EC superficial and deep portions, and high in the extra-tumoral region. Elevated PR-B expression was found in stroma of EC, as well. Conclusions The ratio of ER-α and PR-A expression in the epithelial glands and the stroma of EC biopsies may serve as an additional parameter in the histological evaluation of EC tumor. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1155060506119016
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliezer Shalev
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
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