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Kanmodi KK, Fagbule OF, Ogbeide ME, Ogunniyi KE, Isola TO, Samuel VO, Aliemeke EO, Adewuyi HO. Knowledge of senior secondary school students in Nigeria about Head and Neck Cancer: Implications on prevention strategies. Malawi Med J 2022; 34:162-169. [PMID: 36406094 PMCID: PMC9641603 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of the risk factors of head and neck cancer (HNC) amongst senior secondary (high) school students in Nigeria is an issue of serious public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of HNC among them. Methods This cross-sectional study surveyed 2,530 senior secondary school students in Nigeria, assessed their knowledge of HNC, using a self-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS version 25 software. Results The mean (±SD) age of the respondents was 16.34 (±2.0) years. More than half (1418; 56.6%) of them were males, 530 (20.9%) were schooling in the north-central geopolitical zone of Nigeria, 1,860 (73.5%) were in public schools, 554 (21.9%) were boarding students, and 817 (33.5%) were in Senior Secondary (SS) 3 class. Only 789 (31.2%) respondents were aware of HNC, out of which: 69.2% of them had below-average scores in their overall assessment on HNC; 256 (32.4%) had ever received education on HNC and 81.2% indicated a positive interest in knowing more about HNC. The factors predicting above-average score on knowledge about HNC among the respondents were: being in SS3 class (OR=1.73; 95% CI=1.17 - 2.56), having been educated about HNC (OR=1.69; 95%CI=1.21 - 2.35) and having the interest to know more about HNC (OR=1.88; 95%CI=1.21 - 2.92). Bivariate analysis showed that these factors had statistically significant association (or relationship) with above-average score on knowledge about HNC (pvalues<0.05). Conclusion Majority of the surveyed students were willing to know more about HNC. The use of a properly planned massive school-based HNC education programs may go a long way in educating this population group on HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom, Mental and Oral Health Development Organization Inc, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Mental and Oral Health Development Organization Inc, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria, Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mike Eghosa Ogbeide
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Emmanuel Ogunniyi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Internal Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Oyebamiji Isola
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Okpe Samuel
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Onyemaechi Aliemeke
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Program, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Tobacco Research & Advocacy Group, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Shaw AK, Garcha V, Shetty V, Vinay V, Bhor K, Ambildhok K, Karande P. Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Biomarkers in Detecting Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1483-1495. [PMID: 35633529 PMCID: PMC9587865 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.5.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopsy is the gold standard for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosis. Salivary biomarkers provide promising complementary alternative diagnostic adjunct for its simple non- invasive collection and technique and to screen large population. OBJECTIVE To summarize and compare the existing evidence on diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers with their estimation method in detecting early oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The review protocol is registered under PROSPERO(CRD42021225704). PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost were searched from 2000 to 2020 to identify the screening potential of eight salivary biomarkers: mRNA, miRNA, DUSP100, s100P, IL-8, IL-1B, TNF-a and MMP-9. True-positive, false-positive, true-negative, false-negative, sensitivity, specificity values were extracted or calculated if not present for each study. Quality of selected studies was evaluated based on QUADAS 2 tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate model parameter for the sensitivity and specificity and summary points, summary receiver operating curve (SROC), confidence region, and prediction region were calculated. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included for qualitative synthesis and out of that 13 for meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with AUC. For mRNA it was 91% and 90% with 0.96 AUC, miRNA had 91% and 91% with 0.95 AUC for PCR. IL-1B had 46% and 60% with 0.61 AUC, S100p had 45% and 90% with 0.57 AUC for ELISA. IL-8 had 54% and 74% for ELISA and 89% and 90% for PCR with 0.79 AUC and DUSP1 had 32% and 87% for ELISA and 76% and 83% for PCR with 0.83 AUC respectively. CONCLUSION Early detection of OSCC was best achieved by screening for salivary mRNA and miRNA estimated by PCR. Further investigation is required into salivary RNA as novel biomarkers and these salivary biomarkers may be potentially used for non-invasive diagnosis of early OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Kumar Shaw
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vikram Garcha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vittaldas Shetty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vineet Vinay
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ketaki Bhor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D Y Patil (Deemed to be University) School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai-400706, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Kadambari Ambildhok
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Purnima Karande
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Chhakara S, Janjua D, Tripathi T, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Thakur K, Singh T, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals as Potential Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Agents for Emerging Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699044. [PMID: 34354591 PMCID: PMC8329252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) usually arises from squamous cells of the upper aerodigestive tract that line the mucosal surface in the head and neck region. In India, HNC is common in males, and it is the sixth most common cancer globally. Conventionally, HNC attributes to the use of alcohol or chewing tobacco. Over the past four decades, portions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNC are increasing at an alarming rate. Identification based on the etiological factors and molecular signatures demonstrates that these neoplastic lesions belong to a distinct category that differs in pathological characteristics and therapeutic response. Slow development in HNC therapeutics has resulted in a low 5-year survival rate in the last two decades. Interestingly, HPV-positive HNC has shown better outcomes following conservative treatments and immunotherapies. This raises demand to have a pre-therapy assessment of HPV status to decide the treatment strategy. Moreover, there is no HPV-specific treatment for HPV-positive HNC patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that phytochemicals are promising leads against HNC and show potential as adjuvants to chemoradiotherapy in HNC. However, only a few of these phytochemicals target HPV. The aim of the present article was to collate data on various leading phytochemicals that have shown promising results in the prevention and treatment of HNC in general and HPV-driven HNC. The review explores the possibility of using these leads against HPV-positive tumors as some of the signaling pathways are common. The review also addresses various challenges in the field that prevent their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suhail Chhakara
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Hassen BME, Haimedah ED, Hachem MAM. Epidemiological Aspects and Anatomopathological of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) and Cervico-Facial (CF) Cancers at the Military Hospital of Nouakchott. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.1310081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Adoga AA, Kokong DD, Ma'an ND, Silas OA, Dauda AM, Yaro JP, Mugu JG, Mgbachi CJ, Yabak CJ. The epidemiology, treatment, and determinants of outcome of primary head and neck cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:183-187. [PMID: 30112335 PMCID: PMC6069340 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment, and factors that determine the outcomes of head and neck cancers (HNC). Patients and Methods: Retrospective analytical review of HNC managed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between May 2007 and April 2017 using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Results: Of 487 head and neck neoplasms, 129 (26.5%) were malignant and 122 health records met the criteria for analysis consisting of 83 (68.0%) males and 39 (32.0%) females aged 13 years to 85 years (mean = 51 years; standard deviation = ±16.0 years). The most common presenting feature was nasal obstruction (n = 47; 38.5%). The most common tumor site was the nasopharynx (n = 34; 27.9%). Mean duration of symptoms was 13.3 months. Alcohol (P = 0.02), cigarette smoking (P = 0.01), and cooking wood smoke (P = 0.01) were associated with advanced tumor stage. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type. Posttreatment complication rate was 47.5%. Lost to follow-up rate was 55.7%. The lungs were the most common distant metastatic site. The case fatality rate was 18.0%. Conclusion: HNC constitutes almost a quarter of head and neck tumors affecting twice the number of males in their sixth decade with nasopharyngeal cancers being the most common in both genders. Several modifiable variables are noted to target appropriate future cancer education for lifestyle modification, screening for early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyi A Adoga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel D Kokong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu D Ma'an
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A Silas
- Department of Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ayuba M Dauda
- Department of Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - John P Yaro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Joyce G Mugu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso J Mgbachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Caleb J Yabak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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Ajani MA, Nwanji ID, Olaniran FO, Ogun GO, Okolo CA, Akinmoladun VI. Histopathology of Head and Neck Lymphomas in Ibadan. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2020; 10:40-44. [PMID: 35720949 PMCID: PMC9202602 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_39_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors of lymphoid tissue in which there is a malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphatic system. They are the most frequent nonepithelial malignancy in the head and neck region. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological pattern of the disease in the head and neck region and trends in presentation seen in our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of cases of head and neck lymphoma (HNL) seen in the Pathology Department of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of 37 years (1981-2017). Information extracted from the records included the sociodemographics of the patients, tumor location, and histological type among others. Data were analyzed and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. RESULTS There were a total of 373 cases of histologically and/or cytologically diagnosed HNL seen during the study period (an average of 10 cases per year). The mean age of patients was 33.5 ± 21.9 years with male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Most HNL were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), accounting for 91% of cases. Nodal disease was seen in 39% of cases. The bone (prominently, the jaws) predominated (25%) in extranodal lesions. Burkitt's lymphoma was the most common specific subtype of NHL, occurring in 25.5% of cases. CONCLUSION There has been an apparent upward trend in the prevalence of HNL over the past four decades, although other parameters such as age and sex predilection appear unaffected. Factors responsible for this trend need to be interrogated and ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha A. Ajani
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | | | - Folaranmi O. Olaniran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel O. Ogun
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Clement A. Okolo
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Victor I. Akinmoladun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
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Erinoso OA, Okoturo E, Gbotolorun OM, Effiom OA, Awolola NA, Soyemi SS, Oluwakuyide RT. Emerging Trends in the Epidemiological Pattern of Head and Neck Cancers in Lagos, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 6:301-307. [PMID: 28503348 PMCID: PMC5414443 DOI: 10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_30_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unfortunately, despite an increase in medical knowledge, survival rates of head and neck cancers (HNCs) have not been observed to improve greatly. This is true, especially in tumors located in obscure primary sites or late presentation. Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the epidemiologic pattern of HNCs and to evaluate its emerging trends and patterns in Lagos state. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2003 to 2013 that analyzed histologically diagnosed cases of HNC at the Pathology Departments of the two tertiary teaching hospitals in Lagos. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20) statistical software. Results: One thousand and eighty-three cases of head and neck malignancies were recorded. A female: male ratio of 1.01:1 was reported with mean age of 39.6 (standard deviation 21.1) years. The oral cavity was the most affected anatomic site (21.2%, 230/1083) in the period under review. Malignant epithelial tumors accounted for 72% (779/1083) of cases seen. Carcinomas were the most common histological variant seen (67%, 726/1083) and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 58% (421/726) of carcinomas recorded. Oral cavity malignancies (21.8%, 118/540) were the most common in males while thyroid malignancies (28.5%, 155/543) were the most seen in females. In children (≤15 years), the most common histologic findings were carcinomas (42.3%; 77/182) and retinoblastomas (23.6%; 43/182). Conclusion: Epithelial malignancies were the most common malignancy in the study, and the oral cavity appears to be the increasingly predominant site for HNCs. A changing pattern in gender predominance, age distribution, and frequency with histological variants and anatomical sites was also observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Erinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos university teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Okoturo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Medicine, Lagos State University/Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O M Gbotolorun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O A Effiom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N A Awolola
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - S S Soyemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Lagos State University/Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R T Oluwakuyide
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinmoladun V, Pindiga U, Akintububo O, Kokong D, Akinyamoju C. Head and neck malignant tumours in gombe, northeast Nigeria. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2013; 3:1-15. [PMID: 25717459 PMCID: PMC4337212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer is the 10(th) most common cancer in the world constituting 5-8% of total cancer burden in Europe and America. However, it is difficult to appreciate the burden in Nigeria because of inadequate data. This retrospective study analysed the clinicopathological variables of head and neck malignancies seen over a 10-year period at a northeastern Nigerian referral centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS The demographics and clinical findings of the patients were obtained from the case files while histology reports were retrieved from the histopathology department of the hospital. Malignancies involving the eye, brain and thyroid were excluded. RESULTS One hundred and ninety five cases of head and neck malignancies were recorded over the ten year study period. The mean age of the patients was 38.3years (+20 SD) while a male: female ratio of 1.3:1 was recorded for all cases. The neck was the most frequent site of tumours, accounting for 57(29%) cases. While epithelial malignancies were 56.9% of all cases, lymphomas constituted 21.5%, sarcomas constituted 10.3% and others malignancies accounted for 11.3%. There was no sex predilection for carcinomas (1:1), but there were slightly more lymphomas 26(23%) in males than 16(19%) in females. Carcinomas were more prevalent in those above 51years of age; sarcomas were most common within the 21-30year age group while 42.8% of cases of lymphoma were in the 2(nd) and 3(rd) decades of life. CONCLUSION While malignant head and neck tumours showed no sex predilection, carcinomas remained the most frequent head and neck malignancies in this study.
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Halboub E, Al-Mohaya M, Abdulhuq M, Al-Mandili A, Al-Anazi Y. Oral squamous cell carcinoma among Yemenis: Onset in young age and presentation at advanced stage. J Clin Exp Dent 2012; 4:e221-5. [PMID: 24558559 PMCID: PMC3917628 DOI: 10.4317/jced.50824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oral cancer represents a health burden worldwide. Up to 90% of oral cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The data on oral SCC in Yemen are lacking. The objective of this study therefore was to describe and analyze the demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of Yemeni patients with oral SCC.
Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, two sets of retrospective data for Yemeni cancer patients were obtained officially by two different registries. Patients with oral SCC were included. Their ages were dichotomized using 40 and 45 years alternately as individual cut-points for young and old patients. The patients` demographic, clinical and histological characteristics were statistically analyzed.
Results: There were 457 Yemenis with oral SCC; 253 patients (55.4%) were men. The overall mean age was 58.15±14.11 years. The tongue was the most affected oral sub-site accounting for 53% of the reported cases. The well and moderately differentiated oral SCC accounted for 55.5% and 25.6% of the total cases respectively. Noteworthy, 62 patients (14%) were affected by the age of ?40; this increased to 105 patients (23%) aged ?45 years. Additionally, a high proportion of oral SCC patients (62%, 283) were diagnosed at advanced tumor stages (regional extension or metastasized). The distributions of histological grades and tumor stages in young and old patients were significantly different (P=0.006 and 0.026 respectively).
Conclusion: The relative frequency of oral SCC among Yemeni young people is high. Unfortunately, most of oral SCC patients in Yemen were diagnosed at advanced stage.
Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Yemen, young patients, advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Halboub
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Maha Al-Mohaya
- Oral Medicine and Research Clinic, Medically Compromised Clinics and Research Unit, Department of Dentistry/Riyadh Military Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdulhuq
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Al-Mandili
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yousef Al-Anazi
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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