1
|
Inagaki Y, Hashimoto K, Wakamori S, Katsuta R, Yajima A, Kaida D, Ishigami K. Synthesis, growth inhibitory activity against tumor cells, and structure-activity relationship of CGK733 and its analogs. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:747-758. [PMID: 38678003 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
CGK733 was reported as a compound that inhibited ATM/ATR kinase activities and blocked their checkpoint signaling pathways with great selectivity. However, this paper was subsequently retracted, and the truth about the activity of CGK733 remains unclear. We synthesized various analogs of CGK733 with a modification of the carboxylic acid moiety and/or the aniline derivative moiety to accumulate knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of this compound. Growth inhibitory activity of CGK733 and novel 35 analogs against HeLa S3 cells was evaluated, and the structure-activity relationship revealed that analogs with the 2-naphthyl or 4-fluorophenyl group instead of the benzhydryl group have activity comparable to CGK733 and that the 3-nitro group on the aniline moiety significantly affects the activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohki Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Wakamori
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Yajima
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaida
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ken Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan J, Sun X, Zhao H, Guan H, Gao S, Zhou P. Double-strand DNA break repair: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e388. [PMID: 37808268 PMCID: PMC10556206 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand break (DSB), a significant DNA damage brought on by ionizing radiation, acts as an initiating signal in tumor radiotherapy, causing cancer cells death. The two primary pathways for DNA DSB repair in mammalian cells are nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), which cooperate and compete with one another to achieve effective repair. The DSB repair mechanism depends on numerous regulatory variables. DSB recognition and the recruitment of DNA repair components, for instance, depend on the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and the Ku70/80 heterodimer/DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK) complex, whose control is crucial in determining the DSB repair pathway choice and efficiency of HR and NHEJ. In-depth elucidation on the DSB repair pathway's molecular mechanisms has greatly facilitated for creation of repair proteins or pathways-specific inhibitors to advance precise cancer therapy and boost the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy. The architectures, roles, molecular processes, and inhibitors of significant target proteins in the DSB repair pathways are reviewed in this article. The strategy and application in cancer therapy are also discussed based on the advancement of inhibitors targeted DSB damage response and repair proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xingyao Sun
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical CollegeUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Radiation BiologyBeijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caraci F, Fidilio A, Santangelo R, Caruso G, Giuffrida ML, Tomasello MF, Nicoletti F, Copani A. Molecular Connections between DNA Replication and Cell Death in β-Amyloid-Treated Neurons. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2006-2018. [PMID: 37021419 PMCID: PMC10514525 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230404121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic cell cycle reactivation in neurons is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. In cultured rodent neurons, synthetic β-amyloid (Aβ) reproduces the neuronal cell cycle re-entry observed in the Alzheimer's brain, and blockade of the cycle prevents Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. DNA polymerase-β, whose expression is induced by Aβ, is responsible for the DNA replication process that ultimately leads to neuronal death, but the molecular mechanism(s) linking DNA replication to neuronal apoptosis are presently unknown. AIM To explore the role of a conserved checkpoint pathway started by DNA replication stress, namely the ATM-ATR/Claspin/Chk-1 pathway, in switching the neuronal response from DNA replication to apoptosis. METHODS Experiments were carried out in cultured rat cortical neurons challenged with toxic oligomers of Aβ protein. RESULTS Small inhibitory molecules of ATM/ATR kinase or Chk-1 amplified Aβ-induced neuronal DNA replication and apoptosis, as they were permissive to the DNA polymerase-β activity triggered by Aβ oligomers. Claspin, i.e., the adaptor protein between ATM/ATR kinase and the downstream Chk-1, was present on DNA replication forks of neurons early after Aβ challenge, and decreased at times coinciding with neuronal apoptosis. The caspase-3/7 inhibitor I maintained overtime the amount of Claspin loaded on DNA replication forks and, concomitantly, reduced neuronal apoptosis by holding neurons in the S phase. Moreover, a short phosphopeptide mimicking the Chk-1-binding motif of Claspin was able to prevent Aβ-challenged neurons from entering apoptosis. CONCLUSION We speculate that, in the Alzheimer's brain, Claspin degradation by intervening factors may precipitate the death of neurons engaged into DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- UOR of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- UOR of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giuffrida
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Catania Unit, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Catania Unit, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang C, Filippone NR, Reiner T, Roberts S. Sensors and Inhibitors for the Detection of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Protein Kinase. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2470-2481. [PMID: 34125542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment and activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase regulate multiple cell-cycle checkpoints relevant to complex biological events like DNA damage repair and apoptosis. Molecularly specific readouts of ATM using protein assays, fluorescence, or radiolabeling have advanced significantly over the past few years. This Review covers the molecular imaging techniques that enable the visualization of ATM-from traditional quantitative protein assays to the potential use of ATM inhibitors to generate new imaging agents to interrogate ATM. We are confident that molecular imaging coupled with advanced technologies will play a pivotal role in visualizing and understanding the biology of ATM and accelerate its applications in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, including radiation therapy and patient stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cien Huang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,City University of New York Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nina R Filippone
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,State University of New York Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway, East Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Lee H, Seong KM, Youn H, Youn B. Autophagic Organelles in DNA Damage Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668735. [PMID: 33912571 PMCID: PMC8072393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important subcellular event engaged in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis via the degradation of cargo proteins and malfunctioning organelles. In response to cellular stresses, like nutrient deprivation, infection, and DNA damaging agents, autophagy is activated to reduce the damage and restore cellular homeostasis. One of the responses to cellular stresses is the DNA damage response (DDR), the intracellular pathway that senses and repairs damaged DNA. Proper regulation of these pathways is crucial for preventing diseases. The involvement of autophagy in the repair and elimination of DNA aberrations is essential for cell survival and recovery to normal conditions, highlighting the importance of autophagy in the resolution of cell fate. In this review, we summarized the latest information about autophagic recycling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ribosomes (called mitophagy, ER-phagy, and ribophagy, respectively) in response to DNA damage. In addition, we have described the key events necessary for a comprehensive understanding of autophagy signaling networks. Finally, we have highlighted the importance of the autophagy activated by DDR and appropriate regulation of autophagic organelles, suggesting insights for future studies. Especially, DDR from DNA damaging agents including ionizing radiation (IR) or anti-cancer drugs, induces damage to subcellular organelles and autophagy is the key mechanism for removing impaired organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li LY, Guan YD, Chen XS, Yang JM, Cheng Y. DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Therapy and Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:629266. [PMID: 33628188 PMCID: PMC7898236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.629266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair pathways are triggered to maintain genetic stability and integrity when mammalian cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. The deregulation of DNA repair pathways is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. As the primary anti-cancer therapies, ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents induce cell death by directly or indirectly causing DNA damage, dysregulation of the DNA damage response may contribute to hypersensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic agents and targeting DNA repair pathway can increase the tumor sensitivity to cancer therapies. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of DNA repair pathways has the potential to facilitate the development of inhibitors of nuclear and mitochondria DNA repair pathways for enhancing anticancer effect of DNA damage-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ya Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-di Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi-Sha Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nehlig A, Cunha RA. The Coffee-Acrylamide Apparent Paradox: An Example of Why the Health Impact of a Specific Compound in a Complex Mixture Should Not Be Evaluated in Isolation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3141. [PMID: 33066651 PMCID: PMC7602460 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health implications of acrylamide in food are a matter of concern based on toxicological studies in rodents, which showed that doses of acrylamide more than 100 times higher than those estimated to result from dietary exposure in humans are carcinogenic; however, the cancer types reported in rodents are species-specific, and whether these results can be extrapolated to humans is still in question. In fact, human epidemiological studies revealed a general lack of association between dietary acrylamide exposure and the incidence of different cancer types. Even occupational exposure to acrylamide, resulting in acrylamide exposure nearly 10 times higher than dietary exposure, did not increase tumor occurrence. Furthermore, the consumption of coffee, which is a main contributor of dietary acrylamide exposure, actually decreases the overall incidence of cancer in humans and afford global health benefits, increasing both lifespan and healthspan on ageing. This paradox clearly illustrates the risk of evaluating an individual molecule independently of its complete food matrix, which may have other components that completely override the effects of the considered molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Nehlig
- INSERM U 1129, Pediatric Neurology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U 1129, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alao JP, Sunnerhagen P. Caffeine as a tool for investigating the integration of Cdc25 phosphorylation, activity and ubiquitin-dependent degradation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cell Div 2020; 15:10. [PMID: 32612670 PMCID: PMC7322915 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-020-00066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Cdc25 phosphatase is an essential protein that removes inhibitory phosphorylation moieties on the mitotic regulator Cdc2. Together with the Wee1 kinase, a negative regulator of Cdc2 activity, Cdc25 is thus a central regulator of cell cycle progression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The expression and activity of Cdc25 is dependent on the activity of the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1). TORC1 inhibition leads to the activation of Cdc25 and repression of Wee1, leading to advanced entry into mitosis. Withdrawal of nitrogen leads to rapid Cdc25 degradation via the ubiquitin- dependent degradation pathway by the Pub1 E3- ligase. Caffeine is believed to mediate the override of DNA damage checkpoint signalling, by inhibiting the activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/Rad3 homologues. This model remains controversial, as TORC1 appears to be the preferred target of caffeine in vivo. Recent studies suggest that caffeine induces DNA damage checkpoint override by inducing the nuclear accumulation of Cdc25 in S. pombe. Caffeine may thus modulate Cdc25 activity and stability via inhibition of TORC1. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms by which caffeine stabilises Cdc25, may provide novel insights into how TORC1 and DNA damage signalling is integrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Alao
- School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, London, E15 4LZ UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Garawani IM, El-Nabi SH, El-Shafey S, Elfiky M, Nafie E. Coffea arabica Bean Extracts and Vitamin C: A Novel Combination Unleashes MCF-7 Cell Death. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:23-36. [PMID: 31438827 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190822161337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C (VC) is believed to enhance immunity and is regularly integrated as a supplementary agent during several treatments. OBJECTIVE The green (GC) and roasted (RC) coffee (Coffea arabica) aqueous extracts (0, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml) combined with VC (50 μg/ml) were examined on the cancerous MCF-7 cell line and normal human lymphocytes. METHODS Neutral red uptake assay, comet assay, immunocytochemical reactivity for protein expression and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes were performed. RESULTS A significant (P< 0.05) concentration-dependent increase of apoptotic features, such as morphological changes, and abundant nuclear condensation, altered the expression of p53 and caspase-3 mRNA, down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein as well as the acidic autophagosomal vacuolization in treated cells. The oxidative stress and DNA single-strand breaks were noticed too. CONCLUSION These results suggest that coffee in combination with VC undergoes apoptotic anticancer pathway. This supports the integration of coffee and VC as a valuable candidate for anticancer research and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M El-Garawani
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sobhy H El-Nabi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Samraa El-Shafey
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elfiky
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam Nafie
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao L, Feng S, Wang S, Fan M, Jin W, Li X, Wang C, Yang Y. Production of bioactive recombinant human myeloid-derived growth factor in Escherichia coli and its mechanism on vascular endothelial cell proliferation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1189-1199. [PMID: 31758636 PMCID: PMC6991672 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) is a novel protein secreted by bone marrow cells that features important physiological functions. In recent years, MYDGF has gained considerable interest due to their extensive beneficial effect on cardiac repair and protects cardiomyocytes from cell death. However, its precise molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to produce sufficient amount of biologically active recombinant human (rh) MYDGF more economically and effectively by using in vitro molecular cloning techniques to study its clinical application. The prokaryotic expression system of Escherichia coli was established for the preparation of rhMYDGF. Finally, a large amount of high biologically active and purified form of recombinant protein was obtained. Moreover, we investigated the potential mechanism of rhMYDGF-mediated proliferation and survival in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Mechanistically, the results suggested that MAPK/STAT3 and the cyclin D1 signalling pathways are indispensable for rhMYDGF-mediated HCAEC proliferation and survival. Therefore, this study successfully established a preparation protocol for biologically active rhMYDGF and it may be a most economical way to produce high-quality active rhMYDGF for future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Zhao
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuang Feng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shen Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Miaojuan Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Structural BiologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Structural BiologyWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xianjing Li
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aljofan M, Alkhamaisah SI, Younes KM, Gaipov A. Development and validation of a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of liquid form of therapeutic substances. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Bhattacharjee S, Nandi S. Rare Genetic Diseases with Defects in DNA Repair: Opportunities and Challenges in Orphan Drug Development for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E298. [PMID: 30200453 PMCID: PMC6162646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of mechanistic insights into genes and enzymes implicated in rare diseases provide a unique opportunity for orphan drug development. Advances made in identification of synthetic lethal relationships between rare disorder genes with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have brought in new anticancer therapeutic opportunities. Additionally, the rapid development of small molecule inhibitors against enzymes that participate in DNA damage response and repair has been a successful strategy for targeted cancer therapeutics. Here, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how many rare disease genes participate in promoting genome stability. We also summarize the latest developments in exploiting rare diseases to uncover new biological mechanisms and identify new synthetic lethal interactions for anticancer drug discovery that are in various stages of preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Q, Lin W, Liu Z, Zhu J, Huang N, Cui Z, Han Z, Pan Q, Goel A, Sun F. RAP80 is an independent prognosis biomarker for the outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:146. [PMID: 29396516 PMCID: PMC5833679 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most popular pathology of esophageal cancer (EC) in China, especially in Henan province, mid-east of China. Presently, targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) factors is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Our group has been focusing on exploring the DDR factors overexpressed in ESCC tissues to provide potential targets for therapies for many years. RAP80/UIMC1 (ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1), one of those DDR factors we tested, was highly overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the RAP80 mRNA level was validated to be an independent prognosis biomarker for the overall survival time of ESCC patients. The following biological assays revealed that it promoted cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, inhibited cell apoptosis at both early and late stages, and participated in G2/M checkpoint regulation. Even though studies have reported that ATM phosphorylates RAP80 at different serine sites upon DNA damage, the reversal regulation of RAP80 on the activity of ATM has never been investigated. In the study, mechanism explorations revealed that RAP80 positively regulated the ATM activity via proteasome–ubiquitination pathway to promote the transition of G2/M phase in cell cycle. By examining a number of E3 ubiquitination ligases (Ub) and deubiquitination (DUb) enzymes, we found that RAP80 positively regulated the stability of USP13 to promote cell proliferation of EC cells. Moreover, inhibition of RAP80 greatly sensitized EC cells to ATM inhibitor KU-55933, triggering a potential combination of RAP80 inhibitors and ATM inhibitors to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of ESCC patients for the clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanrun Lin
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory, Central Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen B, Ma L, Paik H, Sirota M, Wei W, Chua MS, So S, Butte AJ. Reversal of cancer gene expression correlates with drug efficacy and reveals therapeutic targets. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16022. [PMID: 28699633 PMCID: PMC5510182 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The decreasing cost of genomic technologies has enabled the molecular characterization of large-scale clinical disease samples and of molecular changes upon drug treatment in various disease models. Exploring methods to relate diseases to potentially efficacious drugs through various molecular features is critically important in the discovery of new therapeutics. Here we show that the potency of a drug to reverse cancer-associated gene expression changes positively correlates with that drug's efficacy in preclinical models of breast, liver and colon cancers. Using a systems-based approach, we predict four compounds showing high potency to reverse gene expression in liver cancer and validate that all four compounds are effective in five liver cancer cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of pyrvinium pamoate is further confirmed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. In conclusion, this systems-based approach may be complementary to the traditional target-based approach in connecting diseases to potentially efficacious drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hyojung Paik
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Biomedical HPC Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 245, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Marina Sirota
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel So
- Department of Surgery, Asian Liver Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou S, Xiao Y, Zhuang Y, Liu Y, Zhao H, Yang H, Xie C, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Knockdown of homeobox containing 1 increases the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells through telomere shortening. Oncol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28628186 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1) modulates telomere length in various types of tumor cells by binding to double‑stranded telomeric DNA. There is a negative correlation between telomere length and radiosensitivity in tumor cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship among HMBOX1, telomere and radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells. Lentivirus-based shRNAs were used to establish stable transfected cell lines in which protein and mRNA levels of HMBOX1 were notably decreased. Knockdown of HMBOX1 increased the radiosensitivity of HeLa and C33A cells. TERT protein was also decreased while HMBOX1 was downregulated. Knockdown of HMBOX1 shortened telomere length in the HeLa cells, while TERT overexpression rescued telomere shortening in the HeLa-HMBOX1 cells. Knockdown of HMBOX1 increased the apoptosis rate, decreased radiation-induced DNA damage foci, and inhibited the expression of ATM, ATR, p-ATM, p-ATR and BRCA1 in the homologous recombination repair pathway. Our data suggest a possible role of HMBOX1 in regulating radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, HMBOX1 may be a potential factor in the radiotherapy of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Youde Xiao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhuang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ronco C, Martin AR, Demange L, Benhida R. ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1 inhibitors in cancer and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:295-319. [PMID: 30108746 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA inevitably undergoes a high number of damages throughout the cell cycle. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells have developed a complex enzymatic machinery aimed at sensing and repairing DNA lesions, pausing the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or induce apoptosis if damages are too severe. This so-called DNA-damage response (DDR) is yet considered as a major source of resistance to DNA-damaging treatments in oncology. Recently, it has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC), a sub-population of cancer cells particularly resistant and with tumour-initiating ability, allow tumour re-growth and cancer relapse. Therefore, DDR appears as a relevant target to sensitize cancer cells and cancer stem cells to classical radio- and chemotherapies as well as to overcome resistances. Moreover, the concept of synthetic lethality could be particularly efficiently exploited in DDR. Five kinases play pivotal roles in the DDR: ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1. Herein, we review the drugs targeting these proteins and the inhibitors used in the specific case of CSC. We also suggest molecules that may be of interest for preclinical and clinical researchers studying checkpoint inhibition to sensitize cancer and cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zolea F, Biamonte F, Battaglia AM, Faniello MC, Cuda G, Costanzo F. Caffeine Positively Modulates Ferritin Heavy Chain Expression in H460 Cells: Effects on Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163078. [PMID: 27657916 PMCID: PMC5033359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the methylxanthine caffeine and the heavy subunit of ferritin molecule (FHC) are able to control the proliferation rate of several cancer cell lines. While caffeine acts exclusively as a negative modulator of cell proliferation, FHC might reduce or enhance cell viability depending upon the different cell type. In this work we have demonstrated that physiological concentrations of caffeine reduce the proliferation rate of H460 cells: along with the modulation of p53, pAKT and Cyclin D1, caffeine also determines a significant FHC up-regulation through the activation of its transcriptional efficiency. FHC plays a central role in the molecular pathways modulated by caffeine, ending in a reduced cell growth, since its specific silencing by siRNA almost completely abolishes caffeine effects on H460 cell proliferation. These results allow the inclusion of ferritin heavy subunits among the multiple molecular targets of caffeine and open the way for studying the relationship between caffeine and intracellular iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zolea
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Akada J, Tokuda K, Cui D, Nakamura K. PERK/CHOP contributes to the CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration which is accompanied by non-apoptotic cell death. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25252-65. [PMID: 26259235 PMCID: PMC4694829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are indispensable for the physiology of organisms and the molecular regulation of cells. We observed that CGK733, a synthetic chemical substance, induced non-apoptotic cell death and stimulated reversible calcium sequestration by vesicles in pancreatic cancer cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3/C/EBP homologous protein (PERK/CHOP) signaling pathway was shown to be activated by treatment with CGK733. Ionomycin, an ER stress drug and calcium ionophore, can activate PERK/CHOP signaling and accelerate CGK733-induced calcium sequestration. Knockdown of CHOP diminished CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration, but had no effects on the cell death. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the ER-located calcium-binding proteins, calumenin and protein S100-A11, were altered in CGK733-treated cells compared to non-treated controls. Our study reveals that CGK733-induced intracellular calcium sequestration is correlated with the PERK/CHOP signaling pathway and may also be involved in the dysregulations of calcium-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Durisova K, Salovska B, Pejchal J, Tichy A. Chemical inhibition of DNA repair kinases as a promising tool in oncology. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:11-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
20
|
Botting C, Lu X, Triezenberg SJ. H2AX phosphorylation and DNA damage kinase activity are dispensable for herpes simplex virus replication. Virol J 2016; 13:15. [PMID: 26817608 PMCID: PMC4728825 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can establish both lytic and latent infections in humans. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a common marker of DNA damage, during lytic infection by HSV-1 is well established. However, the role(s) of H2AX phosphorylation in lytic infection remain unclear. METHODS Following infection of human foreskin fibroblasts by HSV-1 or HSV-2, we assayed the phosphorylation of H2AX in the presence of inhibitors of transcription, translation, or viral DNA replication, or in the presence of inhibitors of ATM and ATR kinases (KU-55933 and VE-821, respectively). We also assayed viral replication in fibroblasts in the presence of the kinase inhibitors or siRNAs specific for ATM and ATR, as well as in cell lines deficient for either ATR or ATM. RESULTS The expression of viral immediate-early and early proteins (including the viral DNA polymerase), but not viral DNA replication or late protein expression, were required for H2AX phosphorylation following HSV-1 infection. Inhibition of ATM kinase activity prevented HSV-stimulated H2AX phosphorylation but had only a minor effect on DNA replication and virus yield in HFF cells. These results differ from previous reports of a dramatic reduction in viral yield following chemical inhibition of ATM in oral keratinocytes or following infection of ATM(-/-) cells. Inhibition of the closely related kinase ATR (whether by chemical inhibitor or siRNA disruption) had no effect on H2AX phosphorylation and reduced viral DNA replication only moderately. During infection by HSV-2, H2AX phosphorylation was similarly dispensable but was dependent on both ATM activity and viral DNA replication. CONCLUSION H2AX phosphorylation represents a cell type-specific and virus type-specific host response to HSV infection with little impact on viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Botting
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Findlay, 1000 N Main St, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA.
| | - Steven J Triezenberg
- Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Borodkina AV, Shatrova AN, Deryabin PI, Grukova AA, Nikolsky NN, Burova EB. Tetraploidization or autophagy: The ultimate fate of senescent human endometrial stem cells under ATM or p53 inhibition. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:117-27. [PMID: 26636375 PMCID: PMC4825783 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that endometrium-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs) via activation of the ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway enter the premature senescence in response to oxidative stress. Down regulation effects of the key components of this signaling pathway, particularly ATM and p53, on a fate of stressed hMESCs have not yet been investigated. In the present study by using the specific inhibitors Ku55933 and Pifithrin-α, we confirmed implication of both ATM and p53 in H(2)O(2)-induced senescence of hMESCs. ATM or p53 down regulation was shown to modulate differently the cellular fate of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs. ATM inhibition allowed H(2)O(2)-stimulated hMESCs to escape the permanent cell cycle arrest due to loss of the functional ATM/p53/p21/Rb pathway, and induced bypass of mitosis and re-entry into S phase, resulting in tetraploid cells. On the contrary, suppression of the p53 transcriptional activity caused a pronounced cell death of H(2)O(2)-treated hMESCs via autophagy induction. The obtained data clearly demonstrate that down regulation of ATM or p53 shifts senescence of human endometrial stem cells toward tetraploidization or autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Borodkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla N. Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Deryabin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Grukova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena B. Burova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Coffee provides a natural multitarget pharmacopeia against the hallmarks of cancer. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:51. [PMID: 26577824 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is the second most popular beverage in the world after water with a consumption of approximately two billion cups per day. Due to its low cost and ease of preparation, it is consumed in almost all countries and by all social classes of the population through different modes of preparation. Despites its simple appearance, a cup of coffee is in fact a complex mixture that contains hundreds of molecules, the composition and concentration of which vary widely and depend on factors including the origin of the coffee tree or its metabolism. Although an excessive consumption of coffee can be harmful, many molecules that are present in this black decoction exert anticancer properties. This review aims to describe the different primary coffee-containing substances that exert chemopreventive and bioactive activities against the different hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer, thus explaining the anticancer health benefit of black coffee.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ke S, Zhou F, Yang H, Wei Y, Gong J, Mei Z, Wu L, Yu H, Zhou Y. Downregulation of high mobility group box 1 modulates telomere homeostasis and increases the radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:1051-8. [PMID: 25501936 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in tumor cells include replenishing telomeric DNA and maintaining cell immortality. There is a negative correlation between human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and radiosensitivity in tumor cells. Our aim was to elucidate the relationship among HMGB1, telomere homeostasis and radiosensitivity in MCF-7 cells. In this study, we established stably transfected control (MCF-7-NC) and HMGB1 knockdown (MCF-7-shHMGB1) cell lines. The expression of HMGB1 mRNA and the relative telomere length were examined by real-time PCR. Radiosensitivity was detected by clonogenic assay. The protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. The telomerase activity was detected by PCR-ELISA. Proliferation ability was examined by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. DNA damage foci were detected by immunofluorescence. ShRNA-mediated downregulation of HMGB1 expression increased the radiosensitivity of MCF-7 cells, and reduced the accumulation of hTERT and cyclin D1. Moreover, knockdown of HMGB1 in MCF-7 cells inhibited telomerase activity and cell proliferation, while increasing the extent of apoptosis. Downregulation of HMGB1 modulated telomere homeostasis by changing the level of telomere-binding proteins, such as TPP1 (PTOP), TRF1 and TRF2. This downregulation also inhibited the ATM and ATR signaling pathways. The current data demonstrate that knockdown of HMGB1 breaks telomere homeostasis, enhances radiosensitivity, and suppresses the repair of DNA damage in human breast cancer cells. These results suggested that HMGB1 might be a potential radiotherapy target in human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ke
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zijie Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee SH, Cheng H, Yuan Y, Wu S. Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced adhesion of breast cancer cells to fibronectin by alpha5beta1 integrin. Radiat Res 2014; 181:650-8. [PMID: 24785587 DOI: 10.1667/rr13543.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy, however, its potential influence on cancer metastatic potential remains controversial. In this study, we elucidated the role of integrins in regulation of IR-altered adhesion between breast cancer cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which is a key step in the initial phase of metastasis. Our data suggest that the extent of effect that ionizing radiation had on cell adhesion depended on the genetic background of the breast cancer cells. Ionizing radiation was a better adhesion inducer for p53-mutated cells, such as MDA-MB-231 cells, than for p53 wild-type cells, such as MCF-7 cells. While IR-induced adhesions between MDA-MB-231 cells to fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and collagen IV, only blocking of the adhesion between α5β1 integrin and fibronectin using anti-α5β1 integrin antibody could completely inhibit the radiation-induced adhesion of the cells. A soluble Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, the binding motif for fibronectin binding integrins, could also reduce the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin with or without ionizing radiation exposure. The inhibition of the cell-fibronectin interaction also affected, but did not always correlate with, transwell migration of the cancer cells. In addition, our data showed that the total expression of α5 integrin and surface expression of α5β1 integrin were increased in the cells treated with ionizing radiation. The increased surface expression of α5β1 integrin, along with the adhesion between the cells and fibronectin, could be inhibited by both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitors. These results suggested that ATM/ATR-mediated surface expression of α5β1 integrin might play a central role in regulation of ionizing radiation-altered adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hee Lee
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elloul S, Kedrin D, Knoblauch NW, Beck AH, Toker A. The adherens junction protein afadin is an AKT substrate that regulates breast cancer cell migration. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:464-76. [PMID: 24269953 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway regulates all phenotypes that contribute to progression of human cancers, including breast cancer. AKT mediates signal relay by phosphorylating numerous substrates, which are causally implicated in biologic responses such as cell growth, survival, metabolic reprogramming, migration, and invasion. Here a new AKT substrate is identified, the adherens junction protein Afadin, which is phosphorylated by AKT at Ser1718. Importantly, under conditions of physiologic IGF-1 signaling and oncogenic PI3K and AKT, Afadin is phosphorylated by all AKT isoforms, and this phosphorylation elicits a relocalization of Afadin from adherens junctions to the nucleus. Also, phosphorylation of Afadin increased breast cancer cell migration that was dependent on Ser1718 phosphorylation. Finally, nuclear localization of Afadin was observed in clinical breast cancer specimens, indicating that regulation of Afadin by the PI3K-AKT pathway has pathophysiologic significance. IMPLICATIONS Phosphorylation of the adhesion protein Afadin by AKT downstream of the PI3K pathway, leads to redistribution of Afadin and controls cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Elloul
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Wang W, Hu L, Yang X, Zhong J, Li Z, Yang H, Lei H, Yu H, Liao Z, Zhou F, Xie C, Zhou Y. Telomere-binding protein TPP1 modulates telomere homeostasis and confers radioresistance to human colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81034. [PMID: 24260532 PMCID: PMC3834294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. The telomere-binding protein TPP1 is an important component of the shelterin complex at mammalian telomeres. Our previous reports showed that TPP1 expression was elevated in radioresistant cells, but the exact effects and mechanisms of TPP1 on radiosensitivity is unclear. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we found that elevated TPP1 expression significantly correlated with radioresistance and longer telomere length in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Moreover, TPP1 overexpression showed lengthened telomere length and a significant decrease of radiosensitivity to X-rays. TPP1 mediated radioresistance was correlated with a decreased apoptosis rate after IR exposure. Furthermore, TPP1 overexpression showed prolonged G2/M arrest mediated by ATM/ATR-Chk1 signal pathway after IR exposure. Moreover, TPP1 overexpression accelerated the repair kinetics of total DNA damage and telomere dysfunction induced by ionizing radiation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that elevated expressions of TPP1 in human colorectal cancer cells could protect telomere from DNA damage and confer radioresistance. These results suggested that TPP1 may be a potential target in the radiotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Lei
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - ZhengKai Liao
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kig C, Beullens M, Beke L, Van Eynde A, Linders JT, Brehmer D, Bollen M. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) reduces replication stress in glioblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24200-12. [PMID: 23836907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) belongs to the subfamily of AMP-activated Ser/Thr protein kinases. The expression of MELK is very high in glioblastoma-type brain tumors, but it is not clear how this contributes to tumor growth. Here we show that the siRNA-mediated loss of MELK in U87 MG glioblastoma cells causes a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest accompanied by cell death or a senescence-like phenotype that can be rescued by the expression of siRNA-resistant MELK. This cell cycle arrest is mediated by an increased expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, and is associated with the hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and the down-regulation of E2F target genes. The increased expression of p21 can be explained by the consecutive activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), Chk2, and p53. Intriguingly, the activation of p53 in MELK-deficient cells is not due to an increased stability of p53 but stems from the loss of MDMX (mouse double minute-X), an inhibitor of p53 transactivation. The activation of the ATM-Chk2 pathway in MELK-deficient cells is associated with the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks during replication, as demonstrated by the appearance of γH2AX foci. Replication stress in these cells is also illustrated by an increased number of stalled replication forks and a reduced fork progression speed. Our data indicate that glioblastoma cells have elevated MELK protein levels to better cope with replication stress during unperturbed S phase. Hence, MELK inhibitors hold great potential for the treatment of glioblastomas as such or in combination with DNA-damaging therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Kig
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Paulitschke V, Haudek-Prinz V, Griss J, Berger W, Mohr T, Pehamberger H, Kunstfeld R, Gerner C. Functional classification of cellular proteome profiles support the identification of drug resistance signatures in melanoma cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3264-76. [PMID: 23713901 PMCID: PMC3733130 DOI: 10.1021/pr400124w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Drug
resistance is a major obstacle in melanoma treatment. Recognition
of specific resistance patterns, the understanding of the patho-physiology
of drug resistance, and identification of remaining options for individual
melanoma treatment would greatly improve therapeutic success. We performed
mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling of A375 melanoma cells
and HeLa cells characterized as sensitive to cisplatin in comparison
to cisplatin resistant M24met and TMFI melanoma cells. Cells were
fractionated into cytoplasm, nuclei and secretome and the proteome
profiles classified according to Gene Ontology. The cisplatin resistant
cells displayed increased expression of lysosomal as well as Ca2+ ion binding and cell adherence proteins. These findings
were confirmed using Lysotracker Red staining and cell adhesion assays
with a panel of extracellular matrix proteins. To discriminate specific
survival proteins, we selected constitutively expressed proteins of
resistant M24met cells which were found expressed upon challenging
the sensitive A375 cells. Using the CPL/MUW proteome database, the
selected lysosomal, cell adherence and survival proteins apparently
specifying resistant cells were narrowed down to 47 proteins representing
a potential resistance signature. These were tested against our proteomics
database comprising more than 200 different cell types/cell states
for its predictive power. We provide evidence that this signature
enables the automated assignment of resistance features as readout
from proteome profiles of any human cell type. Proteome profiling
and bioinformatic processing may thus support the understanding of
drug resistance mechanism, eventually guiding patient tailored therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu R, Huang Y, Mai J, Zhang G, Guo X, Xia X, Koay EJ, Li Q, Liu X, Ferrari M, Shen H. Multistage vectored siRNA targeting ataxia-telangiectasia mutated for breast cancer therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1799-808. [PMID: 23293085 PMCID: PMC3842236 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein plays a central role in DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoints, and may be a promising target for cancer therapy if normal tissue toxicity could be avoided. The strategy presented here to target ATM for breast cancer therapy involves the use of liposomal-encapsulated, gene-specific ATM siRNA delivered with a well-characterized porous silicon-based multistage vector (MSV) delivery system (MSV/ATM). Biweekly treatment of MSV/ATM suppressed ATM expression in tumor tissues, and consequently inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumor in nude mice. At the therapeutic dosage, neither free liposomal ATM siRNA nor MSV/ATM triggered an acute immune response in BALB/c mice, including changes in serum cytokines, chemokines or colony-stimulating factors. Weekly treatments of mice with free liposomal ATM siRNA or MSV/ATM for 4 weeks did not cause significant changes in body weight, hematology, blood biochemistry, or major organ histology. These results indicate that MSV/ATM is biocompatible and efficacious in inhibiting tumor growth, and that further preclinical evaluation is warranted for the development of MSV/ATM as a potential therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA & Department of Breast Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA & Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Qingpo Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA & Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA & Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hill R, Madureira PA, Waisman DM, Lee PWK. DNA-PKCS binding to p53 on the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter blocks transcription resulting in cell death. Oncotarget 2012; 2:1094-108. [PMID: 22190353 PMCID: PMC3282069 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A key determinant of p53-mediated cell fate following various DNA damage modalities is p21WAF1/CIP1 expression, with elevated p21 expression triggering cell cycle arrest and repressed p21 expression promoting apoptosis. We show that under pro-death DNA damage conditions, the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKCS) is recruited to the p21 promoter where it forms a protein complex with p53. The DNA-PKCS-associated p53 displays post-translational modifications that are distinct from those under pro-arrest conditions, ablating p21 transcription and inducing cell death. Inhibition of DNA-PK activity prevents DNA-PKCS binding to p53 on the p21 promoter, restores p21 transcription and significantly reduces cell death. These data demonstrate that DNA-PKCS negatively regulates p21 expression by directly interacting with the p21 transcription machinery via p53, driving the cell towards apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ring H, Mendu SK, Shirazi-Fard S, Birnir B, Hallböök F. GABA maintains the proliferation of progenitors in the developing chick ciliary marginal zone and non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36874. [PMID: 22590629 PMCID: PMC3348890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA is more than the main inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the adult CNS. Several studies have shown that GABA regulates the proliferation of progenitor and stem cells. This work examined the effects of the GABA(A) receptor system on the proliferation of retinal progenitors and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. qRT-PCR and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology were used to characterize the GABA(A) receptor system. To quantify the effects on proliferation by GABA(A) receptor agonists and antagonists, incorporation of thymidine analogues was used. The results showed that the NPE cells express functional extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors with tonic properties and that low concentration of GABA is required for a baseline level of proliferation. Antagonists of the GABA(A) receptors decreased the proliferation of dissociated E12 NPE cells. Bicuculline also had effects on progenitor cell proliferation in intact E8 and E12 developing retina. The NPE cells had low levels of the Cl-transporter KCC2 compared to the mature retina, suggesting a depolarising role for the GABA(A) receptors. Treatment with KCl, which is known to depolarise membranes, prevented some of the decreased proliferation caused by inhibition of the GABA(A) receptors. This supported the depolarising role for the GABA(A) receptors. Inhibition of L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) reduced the proliferation in the same way as inhibition of the GABA(A) receptors. Inhibition of the channels increased the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1), along with the reduced proliferation. These results are consistent with that when the membrane potential indirectly regulates cell proliferation with hyperpolarisation of the membrane potential resulting in decreased cell division. The increased expression of p27(KIP1) after inhibition of either the GABA(A) receptors or the L-type VGCCs suggests a link between the GABA(A) receptors, membrane potential, and intracellular Ca(2+) in regulating the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ring
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The G(2) checkpoint is an indispensable pathway for cancers lacking p53 function, for delaying cell cycle progression, and for completing DNA repair. Therefore, disruption of this pathway is expected to offer selective therapy for these highly prevalent cancers. The aim of this study was to identify an inhibitor of the G(2) checkpoint including the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related checkpoint kinase 1 pathway that selectively suppresses the growth of p53-deficient cells. To obtain molecules with a novel mechanism of action, we constructed a high-throughput screening system that detected abrogation of the G(2) checkpoint in X-irradiated HT-29 cells. The screening resulted in identification of a guanidine analog, CBP-93872 that dose dependently inhibited the G(2) checkpoint induced by DNA damage. Interestingly, CBP-93872 directly suppressed the growth of p53-mutated cancer cell lines with wild-type CDKN2A by eliciting G(1) arrest, but not CDKN2A-deleted and/or wild-type p53 lines. CBP-93872 decreased phospho-cdc2 Y15 by inhibiting phosphorylation of Chk1, but did not suppress phospho-Chk2 or the kinase activities of either Chk1 or Chk2 in cellular or cell-free assays. These results suggest that a checkpoint modulator through suppression of Chk1 phosphorylation provides synthetic lethality to p53-deficient cells.
Collapse
|
33
|
Min J, Choi ES, Hwang K, Kim J, Sampath S, Venkitaraman AR, Lee H. The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 is required for the maintenance of telomere homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:5091-101. [PMID: 22187435 PMCID: PMC3281639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.278994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 cause gross chromosomal rearrangements. Chromosome structural instability in the absence of BRCA2 is thought to result from defective homology-directed DNA repair. Here, we show that BRCA2 links the fidelity of telomere maintenance with genetic integrity. Absence of BRCA2 resulted in signs of dysfunctional telomeres, such as telomere shortening, erosions, and end fusions in proliferating mouse fibroblasts. BRCA2 localized to the telomeres in S phase in an ATR-dependent manner, and its absence resulted in the accumulation of common fragile sites, particularly at the G-rich lagging strand, and increased the telomere sister chromatid exchange in unchallenged cells. The incidence of common fragile sites and telomere sister chromatid exchange increased markedly after treatment with replication inhibitors. Congruently, telomere-induced foci were frequently observed in the absence of Brca2, denoting activation of the DNA damage response and abnormal chromosome end joining. These telomere end fusions constituted a significant portion of chromosome aberrations in Brca2-deficient cells. Our results suggest that BRCA2 is required for telomere homeostasis and may be particularly important for the replication of G-rich telomeric lagging strands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Min
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea and
| | - Eun Shik Choi
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea and
| | - Kwangwoo Hwang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea and
| | - Jimi Kim
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea and
| | - Srihari Sampath
- the Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok R. Venkitaraman
- the Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hyunsook Lee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi S, Toledo LI, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Bakkenist CJ. CGK733 does not inhibit ATM or ATR kinase activity in H460 human lung cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:1000-1; author reply 1002. [PMID: 21865098 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
35
|
Yang DQ, Halaby MJ, Li Y, Hibma JC, Burn P. Cytoplasmic ATM protein kinase: an emerging therapeutic target for diabetes, cancer and neuronal degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:332-8. [PMID: 21315178 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and oculocutaneous telangiectasias. The gene mutated in this disease, Atm (A-T mutated), encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that has been traditionally considered to be a nuclear protein controlling cell-cycle progression. However, many of the growth abnormalities observed in patients with A-T, including neuronal degeneration and insulin resistance, remain difficult to explain with nuclear localization of ATM. Here, recent advances in elucidating the cytoplasmic localization and function of ATM are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the role of ATM in insulin signaling and Akt activation. The potential for cytoplasmic ATM protein kinase to be an emerging therapeutic target for treating diabetes, cancer and neuronal degeneration is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qing Yang
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research/USD, Sanford Health, and The Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Göhler T, Sabbioneda S, Green CM, Lehmann AR. ATR-mediated phosphorylation of DNA polymerase η is needed for efficient recovery from UV damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 192:219-27. [PMID: 21242293 PMCID: PMC3172178 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201008076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Polη links DNA damage–induced checkpoint activation and translesion synthesis in mammalian cells. DNA polymerase η (polη) belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases and facilitates translesion synthesis past UV damage. We show that, after UV irradiation, polη becomes phosphorylated at Ser601 by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase. DNA damage–induced phosphorylation of polη depends on its physical interaction with Rad18 but is independent of PCNA monoubiquitination. It requires the ubiquitin-binding domain of polη but not its PCNA-interacting motif. ATR-dependent phosphorylation of polη is necessary to restore normal survival and postreplication repair after ultraviolet irradiation in xeroderma pigmentosum variant fibroblasts, and is involved in the checkpoint response to UV damage. Taken together, our results provide evidence for a link between DNA damage–induced checkpoint activation and translesion synthesis in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Göhler
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, England, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bocavirus infection induces a DNA damage response that facilitates viral DNA replication and mediates cell death. J Virol 2010; 85:133-45. [PMID: 21047968 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01534-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Minute virus of canines (MVC) is an autonomous parvovirus that replicates efficiently without helper viruses in Walter Reed/3873D (WRD) canine cells. We previously showed that MVC infection induces mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and G(2)/M-phase arrest in infected WRD cells. However, the mechanism responsible for these effects has not been established. Here, we report that MVC infection triggers a DNA damage response in infected cells, as evident from phosphorylation of H2AX and RPA32. We discovered that both ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase) and ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related kinase) were phosphorylated in MVC-infected WRD cells and confirmed that ATM activation was responsible for the phosphorylation of H2AX, whereas ATR activation was required for the phosphorylation of RPA32. Both pharmacological inhibition of ATM activation and knockdown of ATM in MVC-infected cells led to a significant reduction in cell death, a moderate correction of cell cycle arrest, and most importantly, a reduction in MVC DNA replication and progeny virus production. Parallel experiments with an ATR-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) had no effect. Moreover, we identified that this ATM-mediated cell death is p53 dependent. In addition, we localized the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, the major mediator as well as a substrate of the ATM-mediated DNA damage response pathway to MVC replication centers during infection, and show that Mre11 knockdown led to a reduction in MVC DNA replication. Our findings are the first to support the notion that an autonomous parvovirus is able to hijack the host DNA damage machinery for its own replication and for the induction of cell death.
Collapse
|