1
|
Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part I: Mammary gland and digestive tract. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:210-227. [PMID: 36773323 PMCID: PMC10036108 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data are available for the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, animal models have contributed significantly to providing quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The aim of the current review is to compile both the in vitro experiments with reference to the dose-rate effects of DNA damage and repair, and the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. In particular, the review focuses especially on the results pertaining to underlying biological mechanisms and discusses their possible involvement in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Because the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) together with the key events has been considered as a clue to estimate radiation risks at low doses and low dose-rates, the review scrutinized the dose-rate dependency of the key events related to carcinogenesis, which enables us to unify the underlying critical mechanisms to establish a connection between animal experimental studies with human epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7116; Fax: +81-95-819-7117;
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar S, Suman S, Moon BH, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Low dose radiation upregulates Ras/p38 and NADPH oxidase in mouse colon two months after exposure. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2067-2076. [PMID: 36542238 PMCID: PMC10119992 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ionizing is known to cause persistent cellular oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source of cellular oxidant production. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of human diseases including gastrointestinal cancer. However, the roles of NADPH oxidase in relation of long-term oxidative stress in colonic epithelial cells after radiation exposure are yet to be clearly established. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were exposed either to sham or to 0.5 Gy γ radiation, and NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress, and related signaling pathways were assessed in colon samples 60 days after exposure. Radiation exposure led to increased expression of colon-specific NADPH oxidase isoform, Nox1, as well as upregulation of its modifiers such as Noxa1 and Noxo1 at the mRNA and protein level. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed enhanced binding of Rac1, an activator of NADPH oxidase, to Nox1. Increased 4-hydroxynonenal, 8-oxo-dG, and γH2AX along with higher protein carbonylation levels suggest increased oxidative stress after radiation exposure. Immunoblot analysis demonstrates upregulation of Ras/p38 pathway, and Gata6 and Hif1α after irradiation. Increased staining of β-catenin, cyclinD1, and Ki67 after radiation was also observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, data show that exposure to a low dose of radiation was associated with upregulation of NADPH oxidase and its modifiers along with increased Ras/p38/Gata6 signaling in colon. When considered along with oxidative damage and proliferative markers, our observations suggest that the NADPH oxidase pathway could be playing a critical role in propagating long-term oxidative stress after radiation with implications for colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nojima S. Class IV semaphorins in disease pathogenesis. Pathol Int 2022; 72:471-487. [PMID: 36066011 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and/or transmembrane proteins, originally identified as proteins that function in axon guidance during neuronal development. However, semaphorins play crucial roles in other physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, angiogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. Class IV semaphorins may be present as transmembrane and soluble forms and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review discusses recent progress on the roles of class IV semaphorins determined by clinical and experimental pathology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Extraterrestrial Gynecology: Could Spaceflight Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Female Astronauts? An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137465. [PMID: 35806469 PMCID: PMC9267413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been shown to have an impact on established cancer hallmarks, possibly increasing carcinogenic risk. Terrestrially, women have a higher incidence of radiation-induced cancers, largely driven by lung, thyroid, breast, and ovarian cancers, and therefore, historically, they have been permitted to spend significantly less time in space than men. In the present review, we focus on the effects of microgravity and radiation on the female reproductive system, particularly gynecological cancer. The aim is to provide a summary of the research that has been carried out related to the risk of gynecological cancer, highlighting what further studies are needed to pave the way for safer exploration class missions, as well as postflight screening and management of women astronauts following long-duration spaceflight.
Collapse
|
5
|
Majewski M, Ostheim P, Gluzman-Poltorak Z, Vainstein V, Basile L, Schüle S, Haimerl M, Stroszczynski C, Port M, Abend M. Gene expression changes in male and female rhesus macaque 60 days after irradiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254344. [PMID: 34288924 PMCID: PMC8294544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptome changes can be expected in survivors after lethal irradiation. We aimed to characterize these in males and females and after different cytokine treatments 60 days after irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male and female rhesus macaques (n = 142) received a whole-body exposure with 700 cGy, from which 60 animals survived. Peripheral whole blood was drawn pre-exposure and before sacrificing the surviving animals after 60 days. RESULTS We evaluated gene expression in a three-phase study design. Phase I was a whole-genome screening (NGS) for mRNAs using five pre- and post-exposure RNA samples from both sexes (n = 20). Differential gene expression (DGE) was calculated between samples of survivors and pre-exposure samples (reference), separately for males and females. 1,243 up- and down-regulated genes were identified with 30-50% more deregulated genes in females. 37 candidate mRNAs were chosen for qRT-PCR validation in phase II using the remaining samples (n = 117). Altogether 17 genes showed (borderline) significant (t-test) DGE in groups of untreated or treated animals. Nine genes (CD248, EDAR, FAM19A5, GAL3ST4, GCNT4, HBG2/1, LRRN1, NOG, SYT14) remained with significant changes and were detected in at least 50% of samples per group. Panther analysis revealed an overlap between both sexes, related to the WNT signaling pathway, cell adhesion and immunological functions. For phase III, we validated the nine genes with candidate genes (n = 32) from an earlier conducted study on male baboons. Altogether 14 out of 41 genes showed a concordantly DGE across both species in a bilateral comparison. CONCLUSIONS Sixty days after radiation exposure, we identified (1) sex and cytokine treatment independent transcriptional changes, (2) females with almost twice as much deregulated genes appeared more radio-responsive than males, (3) Panther analysis revealed an association with immunological processes and WNT pathway for both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, Bundeswehr Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zoya Gluzman-Poltorak
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Applied Stem Cell Therapeutics, Milpitas, CA, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Vainstein
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Basile
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Haimerl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Lee Y, Shuryak I, Pujol Canadell M, Taveras M, Perrier JR, Bacon BA, Rodrigues MA, Kowalski R, Capaccio C, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Development of the FAST-DOSE assay system for high-throughput biodosimetry and radiation triage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12716. [PMID: 32728041 PMCID: PMC7392759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a large-scale radiological incident, there is a need for FDA-approved biodosimetry devices and biomarkers with the ability to rapidly determine past radiation exposure with sufficient accuracy for early population triage and medical management. Towards this goal, we have developed FAST-DOSE (Fluorescent Automated Screening Tool for Dosimetry), an immunofluorescent, biomarker-based system designed to reconstruct absorbed radiation dose in peripheral blood samples collected from potentially exposed individuals. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of the FAST-DOSE assay system to quantify intracellular protein changes in blood leukocytes for early biodosimetry triage from humanized NOD-scid-gamma (Hu-NSG) mice and non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to ionizing radiation up to 8 days after radiation exposure. In the Hu-NSG mice studies, the FAST-DOSE biomarker panel was able to generate delivered dose estimates at days 1, 2 and 3 post exposure, whereas in the NHP studies, the biomarker panel was able to successfully classify samples by dose categories below or above 2 Gy up to 8 days after total body exposure. These results suggest that the FAST-DOSE bioassay has large potential as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid and reliable screening of potentially exposed individuals to aid early triage decisions within the first week post-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- ASELL, LLC, Owings Mills, MD, 21117, USA
| | - Bezalel A Bacon
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020. [PMID: 32399610 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Protons Show Greater Relative Biological Effectiveness for Mammary Tumorigenesis with Higher ERα- and HER2-Positive Tumors Relative to γ-rays in APC Min/+ Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:202-211. [PMID: 32036005 PMCID: PMC9835149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation increases risk of breast cancer. Although proton radiation is encountered in outer space and in medicine, we do not fully understand breast cancer risks from protons owing to limited in vivo data. The purpose of this study was to comparatively assess the effects of γ-rays and protons on mammary tumorigenesis in APCMin/+ mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS Female APCMin/+ mice were exposed to 1 GeV protons (1.88 or 4.71 Gy) and 137Cs γ-rays (2 or 5 Gy). Mice were euthanized 100 to 110 days after irradiation, at which point mammary tumors were scored, tumor grades were assessed, and relative biological effectiveness was calculated. Molecular phenotypes were determined by assessing estrogen receptor α (ERα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. ERα downstream signaling was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Exposure to proton radiation led to increased mammary tumor frequency at both proton radiation doses compared with γ-rays. The calculated relative biological effectiveness for proton radiation-induced mammary tumorigenesis was 3.11 for all tumors and >5 for malignant tumors relative to γ-rays. Tumor frequency per unit of radiation was higher at the lower dose, suggesting a saturation effect at the higher dose. Protons induced more adenocarcinomas relative to γ-rays, and proton-induced tumors show greater ERα and HER2 positivity and higher activation of the ERα downstream PI3K/Akt and cyclin D1 pathways relative to γ-rays. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that protons pose a higher risk of mammary tumorigenesis relative to γ-rays. We also show that proton radiation-induced tumors in APCMin/+ mice are ERα- and HER2-positive, which is consistent with our previous data on radiation-induced estrogenic response in wild-type mice. Although this study establishes APCMin/+ as a model with adequate signal-to-noise ratio for space radiation-induced mammary tumorigenesis, further studies will be required to address the uncertainties in space radiation-induced breast cancer risk estimation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1511-1549. [PMID: 32399610 PMCID: PMC7261741 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jakob J, Lesluyes T, Simeonova-Chergou A, Wenz F, Hohenberger P, Chibon F, Le Guellec S. Impact of preoperative treatment on the CINSARC prognostic signature: translational research results from a phase 1 trial of the German Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Group (GISG 03). Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 196:280-285. [PMID: 31732782 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CINSARC (Complexity INdex in SARComas) is a prognostic signature for soft tissue sarcoma that determines the risk for recurrence and may serve to guide the decision for adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the CINSARC signature of pre- and posttreatment biopsies of sarcoma patients treated within a phase I trial evaluating preoperative sunitinib and irradiation. METHODS We retrieved 14 pairs of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from pretreatment biopsies and posttreatment resection specimens and performed expression profiling of the 67 CINSARC signature genes. RESULTS In 5/14 patients, both probes were unsuitable for expression analysis because there was no (vital) tissue left in biopsies or resection specimens. Comparing the CINSARC risk classification before and after treatment in the remaining patients, 2/9 shifted from a high- to a low-risk classification for metastatic disease after preoperative treatment with radiation therapy plus sunitinib and 7/9 pairs of pre- and posttreatment biopsies revealed identical results. CONCLUSION Concurrent radiation therapy and sunitinib leads to diverging results of prognostic gene array testing in a relevant proportion of sarcoma patients. These changes may reflect tumor heterogeneity, local treatment effects, or prognostic changes of the disease. Caution is advised in the selection of samples and interpretation of test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Jakob
- Department of General‑, Visceral- and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Simeonova-Chergou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic Chibon
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Le Guellec
- Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Radaelli E, Santagostino SF, Sellers RS, Brayton CF. Immune Relevant and Immune Deficient Mice: Options and Opportunities in Translational Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:211-246. [PMID: 31197363 PMCID: PMC7114723 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1989 ILAR published a list and description of immunodeficient rodents used in research. Since then, advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms; recognition of genetic, epigenetic microbial, and other influences on immunity; and capabilities in manipulating genomes and microbiomes have increased options and opportunities for selecting mice and designing studies to answer important mechanistic and therapeutic questions. Despite numerous scientific breakthroughs that have benefitted from research in mice, there is debate about the relevance and predictive or translational value of research in mice. Reproducibility of results obtained from mice and other research models also is a well-publicized concern. This review summarizes resources to inform the selection and use of immune relevant mouse strains and stocks, aiming to improve the utility, validity, and reproducibility of research in mice. Immune sufficient genetic variations, immune relevant spontaneous mutations, immunodeficient and autoimmune phenotypes, and selected induced conditions are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara F Santagostino
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suman S, Kallakury BVS, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Fractionated and Acute Proton Radiation Show Differential Intestinal Tumorigenesis and DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Response in Apc Min/+ Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:525-536. [PMID: 31271826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton radiation is a major component of the radiation field in outer space and is used clinically in radiation therapy of resistant cancers. Although epidemiologic studies in atom bomb survivors and radiologic workers have established radiation as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), we have yet to determine the risk of CRC posed by proton radiation owing to a lack of sufficient human or animal data. The purpose of the current study was to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize differential effects of acute and fractionated high-energy protons on colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used ApcMin/+ mice, a well-studied CRC model, to examine acute versus fractionated proton radiation-induced differences in intestinal tumorigenesis and associated signaling pathways. Mice were exposed to 1.88 Gy of proton radiation delivered in a single fraction or in 4 equal daily fractions (0.47 Gy × 4). Intestinal tumor number and grade were scored 100 to 110 days after irradiation, and tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissues were harvested to assess proliferative β-catenin/Akt pathways and DNA damage response and repair pathways relevant to colorectal carcinogenesis. RESULTS Significantly higher intestinal tumor number and grade, along with decreased differentiation, were observed after acute radiation relative to fractionated radiation. Acute protons induced upregulation of β-catenin and Akt pathways with increased proliferative marker phospho-histone H3. Increased DNA damage along with decreased DNA repair factors involved in mismatch repair and nonhomologous end joining were also observed after exposure to acute protons. CONCLUSIONS We show increased γH2AX, 53BP1, and 8-oxo-dG, suggesting that increased ongoing DNA damage along with decreased DNA repair factors and increased proliferative responses could be triggering a higher number of intestinal tumors after acute relative to fractionated proton exposures in ApcMin/+ mice. Taken together, our data suggest greater carcinogenic potential of acute relative to fractionated proton radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Unverricht-Yeboah M, Giesen U, Kriehuber R. Comparative gene expression analysis after exposure to 123I-iododeoxyuridine, γ- and α-radiation-potential biomarkers for the discrimination of radiation qualities. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:411-429. [PMID: 29800458 PMCID: PMC6054186 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis was carried out in Jurkat cells in order to identify candidate genes showing significant gene expression alterations allowing robust discrimination of the Auger emitter 123I, incorporated into the DNA as 123I-iododeoxyuridine (123IUdR), from α- and γ-radiation. The γ-H2AX foci assay was used to determine equi-effect doses or activity, and gene expression analysis was carried out at similar levels of foci induction. Comparative gene expression analysis was performed employing whole human genome DNA microarrays. Candidate genes had to show significant expression changes and no altered gene regulation or opposite regulation after exposure to the radiation quality to be compared. The gene expression of all candidate genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The functional categorization of significantly deregulated genes revealed that chromatin organization and apoptosis were generally affected. After exposure to 123IUdR, α-particles and γ-rays, at equi-effect doses/activity, 155, 316 and 982 genes were exclusively regulated, respectively. Applying the stringent requirements for candidate genes, four (PPP1R14C, TNFAIP8L1, DNAJC1 and PRTFDC1), one (KLF10) and one (TNFAIP8L1) gene(s) were identified, respectively allowing reliable discrimination between γ- and 123IUdR exposure, γ- and α-radiation, and α- and 123IUdR exposure, respectively. The Auger emitter 123I induced specific gene expression patterns in Jurkat cells when compared with γ- and α-irradiation, suggesting a unique cellular response after 123IUdR exposure. Gene expression analysis might be an effective tool for identifying biomarkers for discriminating different radiation qualities and, furthermore, might help to explain the varying biological effectiveness at the mechanistic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Unverricht-Yeboah
- Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Giesen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Kriehuber
- Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daino K, Nishimura M, Imaoka T, Takabatake M, Morioka T, Nishimura Y, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. Epigenetic dysregulation of key developmental genes in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:343-354. [PMID: 29435983 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the number of long-term cancer survivors worldwide, there is a growing concern about the risk of secondary cancers induced by radiotherapy. Epigenetic modifications of genes associated with carcinogenesis are attractive targets for the prevention of cancer owing to their reversible nature. To identify genes with possible changes in functionally relevant DNA methylation patterns in mammary carcinomas induced by radiation exposure, we performed microarray-based global DNA methylation and expression profiling in γ-ray-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal mammary glands. The gene expression profiling identified dysregulation of developmentally related genes, including the downstream targets of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a component of PRC2, in the carcinomas. By integrating expression and DNA methylation profiles, we identified ten hypermethylated and three hypomethylated genes that possibly act as tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes dysregulated by aberrant DNA methylation; half of these genes encode developmental transcription factors. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative PCR confirmed the dysregulation of the polycomb-regulated developmentally related transcription-factor genes Dmrt2, Hoxa7, Foxb1, Sox17, Lhx8, Gata3 and Runx1. Silencing of Hoxa7 was further verified by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that, in radiation-induced mammary gland carcinomas, PRC2-mediated aberrant DNA methylation leads to dysregulation of developmentally related transcription-factor genes. Our findings provide clues to molecular mechanisms linking epigenetic regulation and radiation-induced breast carcinogenesis and underscore the potential of such epigenetic mechanisms as targets for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.,QST Advanced Study Laboratory, QST, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.,Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Executive Director, QST, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eom HS, Park HS, You GE, Kim JY, Nam SY. Identification of cellular responses to low-dose radiation by the profiling of phosphorylated proteins in human B-lymphoblast IM-9 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1207-1216. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1377362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Soo Eom
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Sun Park
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun You
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. LTD, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Showler K, Nishimura M, Daino K, Imaoka T, Nishimura Y, Morioka T, Blyth BJ, Kokubo T, Takabatake M, Fukuda M, Moriyama H, Kakinuma S, Fukushi M, Shimada Y. Analysis of genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway in radiation- and MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:183-194. [PMID: 27738081 PMCID: PMC5571612 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most important signaling networks in human breast cancer, and since it was potentially implicated in our preliminary investigations of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas, our aim here was to verify its role. We included mammary carcinomas induced by the chemical carcinogen 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea to determine whether any changes were radiation-specific. Most carcinomas from both groups showed activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, but phosphorylation of AKT1 was often heterogeneous and only present in a minority of carcinoma cells. The negative pathway regulator Inpp4b was significantly downregulated in both groups, compared with in normal mammary tissue, and radiation-induced carcinomas also showed a significant decrease in Pten expression, while the chemically induced carcinomas showed a decrease in Pik3r1 and Pdk1. Significant upregulation of the positive regulators Erbb2 and Pik3ca was observed only in chemically induced carcinomas. However, no genes showed clear correlations with AKT phosphorylation levels, except in individual carcinomas. Only rare carcinomas showed mutations in PI3K/AKT pathway genes, yet these carcinomas did not exhibit stronger AKT phosphorylation. Thus, while AKT phosphorylation is a common feature of rat mammary carcinomas induced by radiation or a canonical chemical carcinogen, the mutation of key genes in the pathways or permanent changes to gene expression of particular signaling proteins do not explain the pathway activation in the advanced cancers. Although AKT signaling likely facilitates cancer development and growth in rat mammary carcinomas, it is unlikely that permanent disruption of the PI3K/AKT pathway genes is a major causal event in radiation carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaye Showler
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Benjamin J. Blyth
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Department of Engineering and Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Fukuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Hitomi Moriyama
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang CM, Seong Hyeon J, Ra Kim S, Kyeong Lee E, Jin Yun H, Young Kim S, Kee Chae Y. Application of NMR Spectroscopy in the Assessment of Radiation Dose in Human Primary Cells. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:1696-705. [PMID: 26567947 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We employed the primary cell model system as a first step toward establishing a method to assess the influence of ionizing radiation by using a combination of common and abundant metabolites. We applied X-ray irradiation amounts of 0, 1, and 5 Gy to the cells that were harvested 24, 48, or 72 h later, and profiled metabolites by 2D-NMR spectroscopy to sort out candidate molecules that could be used to distinguish the samples under different irradiation conditions. We traced metabolites stemming from the input ¹³C-glucose, identified twelve of them from the cell extracts, and applied statistical analysis to find out that all the metabolites, including glycine, alanine, and gluatamic acid, increased upon irradiation. The combinatorial use of the selected metabolites showed promising results where the product of signal intensities of alanine and lactate could differentiate samples according to the dose of X-ray irradiation. We hope that this work can form a base for treating radiation-poisoned patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Kang
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Hyeon
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143 - 747, Republic of Korea, (phone: +82-2-3408-3748; fax: +82-2-3408-4317)
| | - So Ra Kim
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Yun
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143 - 747, Republic of Korea, (phone: +82-2-3408-3748; fax: +82-2-3408-4317)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matschke J, Wiebeck E, Hurst S, Rudner J, Jendrossek V. Role of SGK1 for fatty acid uptake, cell survival and radioresistance of NCI-H460 lung cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic cycling severe hypoxia. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:75. [PMID: 27251632 PMCID: PMC4888512 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for cancer cell growth. In normoxia cells can generate unsaturated FA from saturated stearic and palmitic acid by desaturation. However, since the desaturation step is oxygen-dependent hypoxic cancer cells display an increased dependence on the uptake of unsaturated FA. Up to now the mechanism of increased FA uptake in hypoxia is largely unknown. Here we aimed to study the role of human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) in the regulation of FA uptake in cancer cells exposed to acute or chronic cycling hypoxia and explore its use as target for the radiosensitization of hypoxic cancer cells. Methods The effect of SGK1-inhibition (GSK650394) on NCI-H460 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to normoxia, acute or chronic cycling hypoxia was analyzed under standard and serum-deprived conditions by short-term proliferation, apoptosis and cell death assays. The impact of SGK1-inhibition on radiation sensitivity was determined by standard colony formation assays. The effect of GSK650394 on FA uptake was quantified by measuring intracellular accumulation of fluorescent FA (C1-BODIPY®-C12). Results Exposure to acute or chronic cycling hypoxia was associated with up-regulated expression of SGK1 in NCI-H460 cells, increased uptake of FA from the culture medium, and increased sensitivity to serum deprivation. Survival of serum-deprived hypoxic NCI-H460 cells was rescued by the addition of the unsaturated FA, oleic acid, whereas the saturated FA, palmitic acid was highly toxic to the hypoxic cancer cells. Interestingly, SGK1 inhibition abrogated the rescue effect of oleic acid in serum-deprived hypoxic cancer cells and this effect was associated with a reduction in FA uptake particularly in anoxia-tolerant cancer cells exposed to severe hypoxia. Finally, SKG1 inhibition decreased long-term survival and potently sensitized the parental and anoxia-tolerant NCI-H460 cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in normoxia as well as the anoxia-tolerant cancer cells in severe hypoxia. Conclusions Our data suggest that SGK1 plays a role in the regulation of FA uptake that becomes essential under conditions of acute or chronic cycling hypoxia. We assume that SGK1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the eradication of hypoxic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wiebeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hurst
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Justine Rudner
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang CM, Hyeon JS, Kim SR, Lee EK, Yun HJ, Kim SY, Chae YK. Application of NMR Spectroscopy to Assessment of Radiation Dose and Time Lapse. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mo Kang
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Hyeon
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 143-747 Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Yun
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul 139-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Chae
- Department of Chemistry; Sejong University; Seoul 143-747 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jangiam W, Tungjai M, Rithidech KN. Induction of chronic oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in the liver of titanium-exposed CBA/CaJ mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:389-98. [PMID: 25565558 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the biological effects of titanium ((48)Ti, one of the important heavy ions found in space) in the liver of exposed-mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We gave adult male CBA/CaJ mice a whole-body exposure to a total dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 Gy of (48)Ti ions. The liver was collected at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months post-irradiation (five mice per treatment-group at each harvest-time). Three biological endpoints were used for evaluating the effects of (48)Ti ions: Oxidative-stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA-methylation (5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). RESULTS Our data clearly demonstrated dose-dependent increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the liver of exposed mice at all time-points (Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, p < 0.05). Significant dose-dependent increases in the levels of 5-methylcytosine were detected at 1 week and 1 month (ANOVA, p < 0.05). At 6 months post-irradiation, a significant increase in the level of 5-methylcytosine was found only in 0.5-Gy-(48)Ti-ion-exposed mice. In contrast, dose-dependent decreases in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels were found in the liver of exposed mice (ANOVA, p < 0.05) at all time-points. CONCLUSIONS Chronic oxidative-stress, chronic inflammation, and persistent aberrant DNA-methylation occurred in the liver of (48)Ti-exposed mice. Hence, exposure to (48)Ti ions in space may pose health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
X-ray-induced changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19516-34. [PMID: 25350114 PMCID: PMC4264126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, we explored and compared the expression changes of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood irradiated with 0.5, 3, and 10 Gy doses of X-rays 24 h after exposure. Results indicated that the expression of 62 out of 84 genes was significantly altered after X-ray radiation. Among these 62 genes, 35 (such as TNFSF4) are known to be associated with radiation response, but others are novel. At a low radiation dose (0.5 Gy), 9 genes were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. With further increased dose to 3 Gy, 8 unique genes were up-regulated and 19 genes were down-regulated. We also identified 48 different genes that were differentially expressed significantly after 10 Gy of irradiation, and among these transcripts, up-regulated genes accounted for only one-third (16 genes) of the total. Of the 62 genes, 31 were significantly altered only at a specific dose, and a total of 10 genes were significantly expressed at all 3 doses. The dose- and time-dependent expression of CCL2 was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. A number of candidate genes reported herein may be useful molecular biomarkers of radiation exposure in human peripheral blood.
Collapse
|
22
|
Datta K, Suman S, Fornace AJ. Radiation persistently promoted oxidative stress, activated mTOR via PI3K/Akt, and downregulated autophagy pathway in mouse intestine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:167-76. [PMID: 25449263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While acute effects of toxic radiation doses on intestine are well established, we are yet to acquire a complete spectrum of sub-lethal radiation-induced chronic intestinal perturbations at the molecular level. We investigated persistent effects of a radiation dose (2 Gy) commonly used as a daily fraction in radiotherapy on oxidants and anti-oxidants, and autophagy pathways, which are interlinked processes affecting intestinal homeostasis. Six to eight weeks old C57BL/6J mice (n=10) were exposed to 2 Gy γ-ray. Mice were euthanized two or twelve months after radiation, intestine surgically removed, and flushed using sterile PBS. Parts of the intestine from jejunal-ilial region were fixed, frozen, or used for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) isolation. While oxidant levels and mitochondrial status were assessed in isolated IEC, autophagy and oxidative stress related signaling pathways were probed in frozen and fixed samples using PCR-based expression arrays and immunoprobing. Radiation exposure caused significant alterations in the expression level of 26 autophagy and 17 oxidative stress related genes. Immunoblot results showed decreased Beclin1 and LC3-II and increased p62, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR. Flow cytometry data showed increased oxidant production and compromised mitochondrial integrity in irradiated samples. Immunoprobing of intestinal sections showed increased 8-oxo-dG and nuclear PCNA, and decreased autophagosome marker LC3-II in IEC after irradiation. We show that sub-lethal radiation could persistently downregulate anti-oxidants and autophagy signaling, and upregulate oxidant production and proliferative signaling. Radiation-induced promotion of oxidative stress and downregulation of autophagy could work in tandem to alter intestinal functions and have implications for post-radiation chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; Center of Excellence In Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oszkiel H, Wilczak J, Jank M. Biologically active substances-enriched diet regulates gonadotrope cell activation pathway in liver of adult and old rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:427. [PMID: 25156242 PMCID: PMC4172640 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
According to the Hippocrates’ theorem “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”, dietary interventions may induce changes in the metabolic and inflammatory state by modulating the expression of important genes involved in the chronic disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of long-term (14 months) use of biologically active substances-enriched diet (BASE-diet) on transcriptomic profile of rats’ liver. The experiment was conducted on 36 Sprague–Dawley rats divided into two experimental groups (fed with control or BASE-diet, both n = 18). Control diet was a semi-synthetic diet formulated according to the nutritional requirements for laboratory animals. The BASE-diet was enriched with a mixture of polyphenolic compounds, β-carotene, probiotics, and n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In total, n = 3,017 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, including n = 218 DE genes between control and BASE groups after 3 months of feeding and n = 1,262 after 14 months. BASE-diet influenced the expression of genes involved particularly in the gonadotrope cell activation pathway and guanylate cyclase pathway, as well as in mast cell activation, gap junction regulation, melanogenesis and apoptosis. Especially genes involved in regulation of GnRH were strongly affected by BASE-diet. This effect was stronger with the age of animals and the length of diet use. It may suggest a link between the diet, reproductive system function and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Oszkiel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 Str., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Q, Matzke M, Schepmoes AA, Moore RJ, Webb-Robertson BJ, Hu Z, Monroe ME, Qian WJ, Smith RD, Morgan WF. High and low doses of ionizing radiation induce different secretome profiles in a human skin model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92332. [PMID: 24642900 PMCID: PMC3958549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is postulated that secreted soluble factors are important contributors of bystander effect and adaptive responses observed in low dose ionizing radiation. Using multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based proteomics, we quantified the changes of skin tissue secretome – the proteins secreted from a full thickness, reconstituted 3-dimensional skin tissue model 48 hr after exposure to 3, 10 and 200 cGy of X-rays. Overall, 135 proteins showed statistical significant difference between the sham (0 cGy) and any of the irradiated groups (3, 10 or 200 cGy) on the basis of Dunnett adjusted t-test; among these, 97 proteins showed a trend of downregulation and 9 proteins showed a trend of upregulation with increasing radiation dose. In addition, there were 21 and 8 proteins observed to have irregular trends with the 10 cGy irradiated group either having the highest or the lowest level among all three radiated doses. Moreover, two proteins, carboxypeptidase E and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 were sensitive to ionizing radiation, but relatively independent of radiation dose. Conversely, proteasome activator complex subunit 2 protein appeared to be sensitive to the dose of radiation, as rapid upregulation of this protein was observed when radiation doses were increased from 3, to 10 or 200 cGy. These results suggest that different mechanisms of action exist at the secretome level for low and high doses of ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Melissa Matzke
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zeping Hu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - William F. Morgan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paul S, Smilenov LB, Amundson SA. Widespread decreased expression of immune function genes in human peripheral blood following radiation exposure. Radiat Res 2013; 180:575-83. [PMID: 24168352 DOI: 10.1667/rr13343.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We report a large-scale reduced expression of genes in pathways related to cell-type specific immunity functions that emerges from microarray analysis 48 h after ex vivo γ-ray irradiation (0, 0.5, 2, 5, 8 Gy) of human peripheral blood from five donors. This response is similar to that seen in patients at 24 h after the start of total-body irradiation and strengthens the rationale for the ex vivo model as an adjunct to human in vivo studies. The most marked response was in genes associated with natural killer (NK) cell immune functions, reflecting a relative loss of NK cells from the population. T- and B-cell mediated immunity genes were also significantly represented in the radiation response. Combined with our previous studies, a single gene expression signature was able to predict radiation dose range with 97% accuracy at times from 6-48 h after exposure. Gene expression signatures that may report on the loss or functional deactivation of blood cell subpopulations after radiation exposure may be particularly useful both for triage biodosimetry and for monitoring the effect of radiation mitigating treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Paul
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Doi K, Tani S, Ishikawa KI, Yamashita S, Ushijima T, Imai T, Shimada Y. Molecular characterization of cancer reveals interactions between ionizing radiation and chemicals on rat mammary carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1529-38. [PMID: 24105445 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although various mechanisms have been inferred for combinatorial actions of multiple carcinogens, these mechanisms have not been well demonstrated in experimental carcinogenesis models. We evaluated mammary carcinogenesis initiated by combined exposure to various doses of radiation and chemical carcinogens. Female rats at 7 weeks of age were γ-irradiated (0.2-2 Gy) and/or exposed to 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) (20 or 40 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) (40 mg/kg/day by gavage for 10 days) and were observed until 50 weeks of age. The incidence of mammary carcinoma increased steadily as a function of radiation dose in the absence of chemicals; mathematical analysis supported an additive increase when radiation was combined with a chemical carcinogen, irrespective of the chemical species and its dose. Hras mutations were characteristic of carcinomas that developed after chemical carcinogen treatments and were overrepresented in carcinomas induced by the combination of radiation and MNU (but not PhIP), indicating an interaction of radiation and MNU at the level of initiation. The expression profiles of seven classifier genes, previously shown to distinguish two classes of rat mammary carcinomas, categorized almost all examined carcinomas that developed after individual or combined treatments with radiation (1 Gy) and chemicals as belonging to a single class; more comprehensive screening using microarrays and a separate test sample set failed to identify differences in gene expression profiles among these carcinomas. These results suggest that a complex, multilevel interaction underlies the combinatorial action of radiation and chemical carcinogens in the experimental model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan; Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|