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Manzano-Moreno FJ, de Luna-Bertos E, Toledano-Osorio M, Urbano-Arroyo P, Ruiz C, Toledano M, Osorio R. Biomimetic Collagen Membranes as Drug Carriers of Geranylgeraniol to Counteract the Effect of Zoledronate. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 38248578 PMCID: PMC10813297 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To counteract the effect of zoledronate and decrease the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) development in patients undergoing guided bone regeneration surgery, the use of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) has been proposed. Collagen membranes may act as biomimetical drug carriers. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of collagen-based membranes doped with GGOH to revert the negative impact of zoledronate on the growth and differentiation of human osteoblasts. MG-63 cells were cultured on collagen membranes. Two groups were established: (1) undoped membranes and (2) membranes doped with geranylgeraniol. Osteoblasts were cultured with or without zoledronate (50 μM). Cell proliferation was evaluated at 48 h using the MTT colorimetric method. Differentiation was tested by staining mineralization nodules with alizarin red and by gene expression analysis of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 (BMP-2 and BMP-7), type I collagen (Col-I), osterix (OSX), osteocalcin (OSC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor for RANK (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni tests were applied (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were also performed. Treatment of osteoblasts with 50 μM zoledronate produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation, mineralization capacity, and gene expression of several differentiation markers if compared to the control (p < 0.001). When osteoblasts were treated with zoledronate and cultured on GGOH-doped membranes, these variables were, in general, similar to the control group (p > 0.05). GGOH applied on collagen membranes is able to reverse the negative impact of zoledronate on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression of different osteoblasts' markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.T.); (R.O.)
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.T.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.T.-O.); (P.U.-A.)
| | - Paula Urbano-Arroyo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.T.-O.); (P.U.-A.)
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.T.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS), 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.T.); (R.O.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.T.-O.); (P.U.-A.)
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.R.); (M.T.); (R.O.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.T.-O.); (P.U.-A.)
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Seon JK, Kuppa SS, Kang JY, Lee JS, Park SA, Yoon TR, Park KS, Kim HK. Peptide derived from stromal cell-derived factor 1δ enhances the in vitro expression of osteogenic proteins via bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and promotes bone formation in in vivo models. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6587-6599. [PMID: 37605799 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00798g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on chemokines and chemokine receptors to execute their biological and physiological functions. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is upregulated in injury sites, where it acts as a chemotactic agent, attracting CXCR4-expressing MSCs, which play a pivotal role in the healing and regeneration of tissue throughout the body. Furthermore, SDF-1 expression has been observed in regions experiencing inflammation-induced bone destruction and fracture sites. In this study, we identified a novel peptide called bone-forming peptide-5 (BFP-5), derived from SDF-1δ, which can promote the osteogenesis of MSCs as well as bone formation and healing. Multipotent bone marrow stromal cells treated with BFP-5 showed enhanced alizarin red S staining and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Moreover, ALP and osterix proteins were more abundantly expressed when cells were treated with BFP-5 than SDF-1α. Histology and microcomputed tomography data at 12 weeks demonstrated that both rabbit and goat models transplanted with polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds coated with BFP-5 showed significantly greater bone formation than animals transplanted with PCL scaffolds alone. These findings suggest that BFP-5 could be useful in the development of related therapies for conditions associated with bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Keun Seon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Sree Samanvitha Kuppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biology, Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Immunology Research Lab, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Su A Park
- Nano Convergence & Manufacturing Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejon 34103, Korea
| | - Taek Rim Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
| | - Kyung Soon Park
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
| | - Hyung Keun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Jeonnam, 519-763, Korea.
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
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Song Y, Wang N, Shi H, Zhang D, Wang Q, Guo S, Yang S, Ma J. Biomaterials combined with ADSCs for bone tissue engineering: current advances and applications. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad083. [PMID: 37808955 PMCID: PMC10551240 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, bone tissue engineering, which is supported by scaffold, seed cells and bioactive molecules (BMs), has provided new hope and direction for treating bone defects. In terms of seed cells, compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which were widely utilized in previous years, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are becoming increasingly favored by researchers due to their abundant sources, easy availability and multi-differentiation potentials. However, there is no systematic theoretical basis for selecting appropriate biomaterials loaded with ADSCs. In this review, the regulatory effects of various biomaterials on the behavior of ADSCs are summarized from four perspectives, including biocompatibility, inflammation regulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, to illustrate the potential of combining various materials with ADSCs for the treatment of bone defects. In addition, we conclude the influence of additional application of various BMs on the bone repair effect of ADSCs, in order to provide more evidences and support for the selection or preparation of suitable biomaterials and BMs to work with ADSCs. More importantly, the associated clinical case reports and experiments are generalized to provide additional ideas for the clinical transformation and application of bone tissue engineering loaded with ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
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Abuohashish H, Alamri A, Shahin S, Almazrou D, Alkhamis T, Omar O. Bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, promotes orthodontic tooth movement in an experimental rat model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16217. [PMID: 37215827 PMCID: PMC10199243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bevacizumab on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in Wistar rats. Materials and methods The OTM model was constructed by placing an orthodontic coil spring between the maxillary first molar and anterior tooth. Bevacizumab (Avastin®; 10 mg/kg twice per week) was started one week before the OTM and continued for 3 weeks. After 1 and 2 weeks, OTM distance and anterior tooth mobility were measured. Thereafter, the maxilla was dissected for micro-CT microarchitectural analysis, followed by histological analysis, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the distributions of collagen fibers type-I and -III (Col-I and Col-III) were evaluated using Picro-Sirius red staining. Results Orthodontic force prompted bone resorption and formation on the pressure and tension sides, respectively. Bevacizumab therapy resulted in a 42% increase of OTM, particularly after 2 weeks. Furthermore, bevacizumab disturbed the morphometric structure at both pressure and tension sites. The histological evaluation indicated about 35-44% fewer osteoblasts in the bevacizumab group, especially at the tension side, whereas the proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the pressure side was 34-37% higher than the control. The mature Col-I was reduced at the tension site by 33%, whereas the Col-III/Col-I ratio was enhanced by 20-44% at pressure and tension sites, after 2 weeks, in the bevacizumab group. Conclusion Anti-vascular bevacizumab therapy accentuates OTM in rat model, possibly through the enhancement of bone resorption, at the pressure side, and the reduction of bone formation, at the tension side as well as dysregulation of collagen fibers distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Shahin
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Almazrou
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taleb Alkhamis
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Solorzano E, Alejo AL, Ball HC, Magoline J, Khalil Y, Kelly M, Safadi FF. Osteopathy in Complex Lymphatic Anomalies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158258. [PMID: 35897834 PMCID: PMC9332568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex Lymphatic Anomalies (CLA) are lymphatic malformations with idiopathic bone and soft tissue involvement. The extent of the abnormal lymphatic presentation and boney invasion varies between subtypes of CLA. The etiology of these diseases has proven to be extremely elusive due to their rarity and irregular progression. In this review, we compiled literature on each of the four primary CLA subtypes and discuss their clinical presentation, lymphatic invasion, osseous profile, and regulatory pathways associated with abnormal bone loss caused by the lymphatic invasion. We highlight key proliferation and differentiation pathways shared between lymphatics and bone and how these systems may interact with each other to stimulate lymphangiogenesis and cause bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Solorzano
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Andrew L. Alejo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Hope C. Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Joseph Magoline
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yusuf Khalil
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Michael Kelly
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fayez F. Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (E.S.); (A.L.A.); (H.C.B.); (J.M.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-325-6619
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Xu B, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang X, Li W, Shen X, Li Y. Use of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Methods to Elucidate the Curative Effect of Epimedium–Anemarrhen on Osteoporosis. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221086904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study aimed to elucidate the key targets and molecular mechanisms of the Epimedium–Anemarrhen (EA) combination as a therapeutic approach for osteoporosis (OP). Methods: The TCMSP database was used to identify effective active ingredients and information on targets of EA according to the ADME threshold. An OP target database was established using the GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection of drug targets and disease targets was used to identify common genes, and protein interaction network, GO function enrichment, and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analyses were performed. A molecular docking analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients with core genes was also conducted. Results: The analysis identified 30 effective active ingredients in EA and 149 common genes. A total of 20 core genes were identified by constructing a protein–protein interaction network and calculating the network topology parameters. An enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were primarily involved in biological functions and processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunity. The signaling pathways associated with OP include the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in relation to diabetes complications, the IL-17 signaling pathway, and the TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed stable affinity between the core genes and most of the key components. Conclusion: These data provide mechanistic insights into the pharmacological activity of EA in the treatment of OP and provide an essential theoretical basis for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujiang Liu
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianda Zhang
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Duan Y, Li H, Dong X, Geng Z, Xu X, Liu Y. VEGF mitigates bisphosphonate-induced apoptosis and differentiation inhibition of MC3T3-E1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:130. [PMID: 34970353 PMCID: PMC8713161 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether VEGF was involved in bisphosphonate (BP)-induced apoptosis and differentiation of osteoblasts. Murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were stimulated with zoledronic acid (ZA) for 7 days. VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, the cell apoptotic rate and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were measured using a TUNEL staining kit and western blot analysis, respectively. To evaluate mineralization, cells were stained with alizarin red, while the secretion levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured using the corresponding assay kit. Finally, the expression levels of differentiation-related proteins and proteins of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase 1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pyroptosis pathway were measured by western blot analysis. VEGF expression level was notably decreased in ZA-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. However, the viability of these cells was enhanced following VEGF addition. Furthermore, VEGF attenuated apoptosis, promoted mineralization and increased ALP activity in ZA-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. The ZA-mediated decrease in the protein expression of the osteogenic genes osteopontin, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 was restored after MC3T3-E1 cell treatment with 10 ng/ml VEGF. The present study demonstrated that VEGF could attenuate BP-induced apoptosis and differentiation of MC3T3 cells by regulating the NLRP3/caspase 1/GSDMD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Duan
- Department of Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Heija Li
- Department of Third Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Stomatology Department, Changle People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262400, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoli Geng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P.R. China
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8
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Li L, Li J, Zou Q, Zuo Y, Lin L, Cai B, Li Y. Lotus root and osteons-inspired channel structural scaffold mediate cell biomineralization and vascularized bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1178-1191. [PMID: 34905286 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The interconnectivity of porous scaffold is vital for cell and tissue infiltration, and vascular networks formation, determining the successful bone regeneration in large bone defects. Here, inspired by the lotus-root and Haversian system of natural bone, a nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane (n-HA/PU) lotus root-like scaffold inlaid with micro holes on the wall of the adjacent channel was utilized to mediate cell biomineralization and vascularized bone tissue regeneration. Such a particular lotus-type structure remarkably promoted cells to proliferate and infiltrate into the center of the entire scaffold, serving as a clue to account for regulating cell alignment and differentiation physically. In vitro studies suggested that apatite accumulated dramatically on the channel wall in the lotus-type scaffold, probably promoting specific osteogenic differentiation of cells by the orientated channels, even in the absence of osteogenic factors. In vivo creation of critical bone defects (15-mm segments) was done in the radius of rabbits and implanted with the scaffold of different geometry to assess the structural parameters on the efficacy of new bone regeneration. The more extensive positive staining of BMP-2, more considerable amount of infiltrated capillary, more robust new bone formation, particularly the biomechanical strength of lotus-type scaffold group could reach the level of the control group without surgery, indicating that the lotus-type scaffold was more favorable for new bone tissue formation along tube-like channels. These results highlighted the potential of this biomimetic scaffold for cell and tissue infiltration and thus repair large bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sharma D, Hamlet S, Vaquette C, Petcu EB, Ramamurthy P, Ivanovski S. Local delivery of hydrogel encapsulated vascular endothelial growth factor for the prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23371. [PMID: 34862395 PMCID: PMC8642483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic effects of bisphosphonates have been hypothesized as one of the major etiologic factors in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), a severe debilitating condition with limited treatment options. This study evaluated the potential of a gelatine-hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with the angiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as a local delivery system to aid in maintaining vascularization in a bisphosphonate-treated (Zoledronic Acid) rodent maxillary extraction defect. Healing was assessed four weeks after implantation of the VEGF-hydrogel into extraction sockets. Gross examination and histological assessment showed that total osteonecrosis and inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced in the presence of VEGF. Also, total vascularity and specifically neovascularization, was significantly improved in animals that received VEGF hydrogel. Gene expression of vascular, inflammatory and bone specific markers within the defect area were also significantly altered in the presence of VEGF. Furthermore, plasma cytokine levels were assessed to determine the systemic effect of locally delivered VEGF and showed similar outcomes. In conclusion, the use of locally delivered VEGF within healing extraction sockets assists bone healing and prevents MRONJ via a pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Sharma
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, PO Box 6811, Cairns, 4870, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| | - Stephen Hamlet
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Eugen Bogdan Petcu
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYIT), Old Westbury, NY, 11545, USA.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Poornima Ramamurthy
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, PO Box 6811, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston Campus, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
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10
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Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:396-401. [PMID: 34026481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is prescribed to treat bone diseases. ALN acts as an inhibitor of enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, which results in reducing osteoblast viability and mineralization. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a substrate in mevalonate pathway and mediates protein prenylation in the cells. Objective To investigate the effects of GGOH on ALN-treated osteoblast activities in order to improve the application of GGOH. Methods MC3T3 cells were treated with ALN. GGOH were added at different time points. Cell activities were examined using alizarin red S, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results ALN decreased mineralization. In the presence of ALN, GGOH addition at the first week of culture increased mineralization compared with the addition at other time points. ALN treatment for 7 days caused a reduction in osteoblast and pre-osteoblast viability compared with untreated cells. GGOH supplement partially rescued cell viability and increased total protein in cells treated with ALN. Furthermore, GGOH significantly upregulated gene expressions of Col I, OPN, VEGF, and VEGFR2. Conclusion GGOH could be best applied at the early stage of osteogenesis since GGOH helped increasing cell viability and differentiation at the first 7 day of treatment.
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11
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Kaur H, El-Bialy T. Shortening of Overall Orthodontic Treatment Duration with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS). J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051303. [PMID: 32370099 PMCID: PMC7290339 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to determine if there is a reduction in the overall treatment duration in orthodontic patients using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and Invisalign SmartTrack® clear aligners. Data were collected from the first thirty-four patients (9 males, 25 females; average age 41.37 ± 15.02) who finished their orthodontic treatment using an intraoral LIPUS device and Invisalign clear aligners in a private clinic. The LIPUS parameters used by patients at home for 20 min/day were: ultrasonic frequency 1.5 MHz, pulse duration 200µs, pulse repetition rate 1 kHz, and spatial average-temporal average intensity 30mW/cm2. A control group (11 males, 23 females; average age 31.36 ± 14.41) matching for the same malocclusions was randomly selected from finished treatment cases of the same clinician. The date of first Invisalign attachment placement and first use of LIPUS application was recorded as T0, and the date of retainer delivery was recorded as T1. The treatment duration (T1–T0) and treatment reduction percentage with LIPUS device were collected and analyzed using two-sample t-test in Microsoft Excel. Treatment duration was significantly reduced in the LIPUS group (541.44 ± 192.23 days) compared to control group (1061.05 ± 455.64 days) (p < 0.05). The LIPUS group showed on average 49% reduction in the overall treatment time as compared to the control group. The average compliance of the patients using LIPUS was 66.02%. Patients who used LIPUS showed a clinically significant reduction in the overall orthodontic treatment duration compared to the control group who used Invisalign clear aligners only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Katz Group for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Tarek El-Bialy
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Katz Group for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-2751
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12
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Dai W, Sun Y, Zhong G. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Estimate the Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Cuscutae semen in the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920485. [PMID: 32081843 PMCID: PMC7047917 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic osteopathy characterized by abnormal bone mass and microstructure that has become a public health problem worldwide. Cuscutae semen (CS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism of CS is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the possible molecular mechanism involved in the effects of CS on osteoporosis based on a network pharmacology approach. Material/Methods The inactive and active ingredients of CS were identified by searching the pharmacology analysis platform of the Chinese medicine system (TCMSP), and the targets of osteoporosis were screened in the relevant databases, such as GeneCards, PubMed, and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The network of “medicine-ingredients-disease-targets (M-I-D-T)” was established by means of network pharmacology, and the key targets and core pathways were determined by R analysis. Molecular docking methods were used to evaluate the binding activity between the target and the active ingredients of CS. Results Eleven active ingredients were identified in CS, and 175 potential targets of the active ingredients were also identified from the TCMSP. Moreover, we revealed 22 539 targets related to osteoporosis in the 3 well-established databases, and we determined the intersection of the disease targets and the potential targets of the active ingredients; 107 common targets were identified and used in further analysis. Additionally, biological processes and signaling pathways involved in target action, such as fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, cancer pathways, and the TNF signaling pathway, were determined. Finally, we chose the top 5 common targets, CCND1, EGFR, IL6, MAPK8, and VEGFA, for molecular docking with the 11 active ingredients of CS. Conclusions This study suggested that CS has multiple ingredients and multiple targets relevant to the treatment of osteoporosis. We determined that the active ingredient, sesamin, may be the most crucial ingredient of CS for the treatment of osteoporosis. Additionally, the network pharmacology method provided a novel research approach to analyze the function of complex ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Dai
- Department of Cardiology Ward 1, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology Ward 1, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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13
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Buettmann EG, McKenzie JA, Migotsky N, Sykes DA, Hu P, Yoneda S, Silva MJ. VEGFA From Early Osteoblast Lineage Cells (Osterix+) Is Required in Mice for Fracture Healing. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1690-1706. [PMID: 31081125 PMCID: PMC6744295 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation via intramembranous and endochondral ossification is necessary for successful healing after a wide range of bone injuries. The pleiotropic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been shown, via nonspecific pharmacologic inhibition, to be indispensable for angiogenesis and ossification following bone fracture and cortical defect repair. However, the importance of VEGFA expression by different cell types during bone healing is not well understood. We sought to determine the role of VEGFA from different osteoblast cell subsets following clinically relevant models of bone fracture and cortical defect. Ubiquitin C (UBC), Osterix (Osx), or Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) Cre-ERT2 mice (male and female) containing floxed VEGFA alleles (VEGFAfl/fl ) were either given a femur full fracture, ulna stress fracture, or tibia cortical defect at 12 weeks of age. All mice received tamoxifen continuously starting 2 weeks before bone injury and throughout healing. UBC Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (UBC cKO) mice, which were used to mimic nonspecific inhibition, had minimal bone formation and impaired angiogenesis across all bone injury models. UBC cKO mice also exhibited impaired periosteal cell proliferation during full fracture, but not stress fracture repair. Osx Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Osx cKO) mice, but not Dmp1 Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Dmp1 cKO) mice, showed impaired periosteal bone formation and angiogenesis in models of full fracture and stress fracture. Neither Osx cKO nor Dmp1 cKO mice demonstrated significant impairments in intramedullary bone formation and angiogenesis following cortical defect. These data suggest that VEGFA from early osteolineage cells (Osx+), but not mature osteoblasts/osteocytes (Dmp1+), is critical at the time of bone injury for rapid periosteal angiogenesis and woven bone formation during fracture repair. Whereas VEGFA from another cell source, not from the osteoblast cell lineage, is necessary at the time of injury for maximum cortical defect intramedullary angiogenesis and osteogenesis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Aw Sykes
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susumu Yoneda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Kim I, Lee SS, Kim SHL, Bae S, Lee H, Hwang NS. Osteogenic Effects of VEGF-Overexpressed Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Whitlockite Reinforced Cryogel for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800460. [PMID: 30821921 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a vascularized tissue that is comprised of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate crystals such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and whitlockite (WH). HAp and WH are known to elicit bone regeneration by stimulating osteoblast activities and osteogenic commitment of stem cells. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is shown to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis which is considered as an essential process in bone repair by providing nutrients. In this study, VEGF-secreting human adipose-derived stem cells (VEGF-ADSCs) are developed by transducing ADSCs with VEGF-encoded lentivirus. Additionally, WH-reinforced gelatin/heparin cryogels (WH-C) are fabricated by loading WH into gelatin/heparin cryogels. VEGF-ADSC secrete tenfold more VEGF than ADSC and show increased VEGF secretion with cell growth. Also, incorporation of WH into cryogels provides a mineralized environment with ions secreted from WH. When the VEGF-ADSCs are seeded on WH-C, sustained release of VEGF is observed due to the specific affinity of VEGF to heparin. Finally, the synergistic effect of VEGF-ADSC and WH on osteogenesis is successfully confirmed by alkaline phosphatase and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In vivo bone formation is demonstrated via implantation of VEGF-ADSC seeded WH-C into mouse calvarial bone defect model, resulted in enhanced bone development with the highest bone volume/total volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun S Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax Institute of Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Raines AL, Berger MB, Patel N, Hyzy SL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. VEGF-A regulates angiogenesis during osseointegration of Ti implants via paracrine/autocrine regulation of osteoblast response to hierarchical microstructure of the surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:423-433. [PMID: 30461195 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of a patent vasculature at the bone-implant interface plays a significant role in determining overall success of orthopedic and dental implants. Osteoblasts produce vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an important regulator of angiogenesis during bone formation and healing, and the amount secreted is sensitive to titanium (Ti) surface microtopography and surface energy. The purpose of this study was to determine if surface properties modulate cellular response to VEGF-A. MG63 osteoblast-like cells were transfected with shRNA targeting VEGF-A at >80% knockdown. Cells stably silenced for VEGF-A secreted reduced levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF-2, and angiopoietin-1 when cultured on grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA) Ti surfaces and conditioned media from these cultures caused reduced angiogenesis in an endothelial tubule formation assay. Treatment of MG63 cells with 20 ng/mL rhVEGF-A165 rescued production in silenced cells and increased production of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF-2, and angiopoietin-1, with greatest effects on control cells cultured on modSLA. Addition of a neutralization antibody against VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2; Flk-1) resulted in a significant increase in VEGF-A production. Overall, this study indicates that VEGF-A has two roles in osseointegration: enhanced angiogenesis and an autocrine/paracrine role in maturation of osteoblast-like cells in response to Ti surface properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 423-433, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Raines
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nehal Patel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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16
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Chen Y, Chen S, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Promoted Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Dexamethasone-loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles/Collagen Composite Scaffolds with Microgroove Networks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14143. [PMID: 30237563 PMCID: PMC6147787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge because current approaches involving surgery and bone grafting often do not yield satisfactory outcomes. For artificial bone substitutes, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role to achieve the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this study, dexamethasone-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles/collagen composite scaffolds with several types of concave microgrooves were prepared for simultaneous promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Microgrooves in the scaffolds were supposed to guide the assembly of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) into well aligned tubular structures, thus promoting rapid angiogenesis. The scaffolds were used for co-culture of HUVECs and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Subcutaneous implantation in mice showed that more blood vessels and newly formed bone were observed in the microgrooved composite scaffolds than in the control scaffold. Scaffold bearing parallel microgrooves with a concave width of 290 µm and a convex ridge width of 352 µm showed the highest promotion effect on angiogenesis and osteogenesis among the parallelly microgrooved composite scaffolds. The scaffolds bearing a grid network had further superior promotion effect to the scaffolds bearing parallel microgrooves. The results indicated that microgrooves in the composite scaffolds facilitated angiogenesis and stimulated new bone formation. The microgrooved composite scaffolds should be useful for repairing of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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17
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Yazıcı T, Koçer G, Nazıroğlu M, Övey İS, Öz A. Zoledronic Acid, Bevacizumab and Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Calcium Signaling Are Decreased in Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Line by Selenium Treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:358-368. [PMID: 29081061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracellular free calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration induces excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis. Medical procedures such as zoledronic acid (Zol), bevacizumab (Bev), and dexamethasone (Dex) are usually used in the treatment of bone diseases (osteoporosis, Paget's disease, etc.) and to prevent metastasis in the bone although the procedures induce osteonecrosis of the jaw through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we observed regulator roles of selenium (Se) on apoptosis and Ca2+ entry through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in the cancer cell lines. Therefore, Se may modulate Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of TRPV1 channel. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of Se on apoptosis and oxidative stress through TRPV1 in Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteoblast-like cell line. We used human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2), and the cells were divided into 12 groups as control, Zol, Bev, Dex, Se, Zol+Se, Bev+Se, Dex+Se, Zol+Dex, Zol+Dex+Se, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Bev+Se which were incubated with drugs (Zol, Bev, Dex, and Se) for 24 h. The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was increased by Zol, Bev, Dex, Zol+Bev, and Zol+Dex, although it was reduced by Se treatment. However, Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced increase in apoptosis, caspase 3, caspase 9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression levels, and intracellular ROS production values in the cells were decreased by Se treatments. In conclusion, we observed that Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and calcium signaling are decreased in human osteoblast-like cell line by the Se treatment. Our findings may be relevant to the etiology and treatment of Zol, Bev, and Dex-induced osteonecrosis by Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Yazıcı
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Gülperi Koçer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İshak Suat Övey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Ahmi Öz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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18
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Hassani Besheli N, Damoogh S, Zafar B, Mottaghitalab F, Motasadizadeh H, Rezaei F, Shokrgozar MA, Farokhi M. Preparation of a Codelivery System Based on Vancomycin/Silk Scaffold Containing Silk Nanoparticle Loaded VEGF. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2836-2846. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Hassani Besheli
- School of Chemical Engineering, Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Sheyda Damoogh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Bahareh Zafar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875/4413, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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19
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Lind T, Lugano R, Gustafson AM, Norgård M, van Haeringen A, Dimberg A, Melhus H, Robertson SP, Andersson G. Bones in human CYP26B1 deficiency and rats with hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegfa overexpression. Bone Rep 2018; 9:27-36. [PMID: 30003121 PMCID: PMC6039751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angulated femurs are present prenatally both in CYP26B1 deficient humans with a reduced capacity to degrade retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A), and mice overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa). Since excessive ingestion of vitamin A is known to induce spontaneous fractures and as the Vegfa-induced femur angulation in mice appears to be caused by intrauterine fractures, we analyzed bones from a CYP26B1 deficient human and rats with hypervitaminosis A to further explore Vegfa as a mechanistic link for the effect of vitamin A on bone. We show that bone from a human with CYP26B1 mutations displayed periosteal osteoclasts in piles within deep resorption pits, a pathognomonic sign of hypervitaminosis A. Analysis of the human angulated fetal femur revealed excessive bone formation in the marrow cavity and abundant blood vessels. Normal human endothelial cells showed disturbed cell-cell junctions and increased CYP26B1 and VEGFA expression upon RA exposure. Studies in rats showed increased plasma and tissue Vegfa concentrations and signs of bone marrow microhemorrhage on the first day of excess dietary vitamin A intake. Subsequently hypervitaminosis A rats displayed excess bone formation, fibrosis and an increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, which are known characteristics of Vegfa overexpression. This study supports the notion that the skeletal phenotype in CYP26B1 deficient human bone is caused by excess RA. Our findings suggest that an initial part of the vitamin A mechanism causing bone alterations is mediated by excess Vegfa and disturbed bone marrow microvessel integrity. Human CYP26B1 deficit and rat hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegf bone overexpression Hypervitaminosis A cause rapid microhemorrhage in rat bone marrow. Retinoic acid treatment disrupt cell-cell junction integrity between endothelial cells. Hypervitaminosis A have a persistent negative effect on rat bone marrow perfusion. Hypervitaminosis A rat bones resemble bones of patients with myelofibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Gustafson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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20
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Guang M, Huang B, Yao Y, Zhang L, Yang B, Gong P. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on osteoblasts around dental implants in vitro and in vivo. J Oral Sci 2018. [PMID: 28637981 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenesis is a pivotal procedure during dental implant osseointegration and bone repair process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), regarded as one of the most important vasculogenesis factor, also plays a central role in bone repair, but its role around dental implants is still unknown. In the present study, rat primary osteoblasts seeded on titanium discs were tested using proliferation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Real-time PCR, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used to test the vasculogenesis property. In vivo VEGF-coated implants assay was used to test the osteocalcin (OCN)- and CD31-positive cells around an implant. VEGF could significantly promote osteoblasts seeded on titanium surfaces proliferation and secretion of VEGF protein (P < 0.05); increasing of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NRP-1, ALP and Runx2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05); up-regulating ALP expression on days 7 and 11 (P < 0.01). Supernatant of VEGF-induced osteoblasts could promote CAM vasculogenesis (P < 0.05). In vivo, VEGF-coated implants could promote OCN- and CD31-positive cells around bone lacunas. The present study shows that VEGF could induce primary rat osteoblasts proliferation, VEGF protein secretion, ALP expression, and VEGF-related mRNA expression in vitro. Osteoblasts co-cultured with VEGF could promote neovascularization in chicken embryos. In the in vivo experiments, coating the implant with VEGF could promote osteoblasts and endothelial cell expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Guang
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,Stomatology Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Bo Huang
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Yang Yao
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Bo Yang
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Ping Gong
- National Clinical Key Specialty for Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University.,Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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Manzano-Moreno FJ, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Illescas-Montes R, Ruiz C, García-Martínez O. Bisphosphonate Modulation of the Gene Expression of Different Markers Involved in Osteoblast Physiology: Possible Implications in Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:359-367. [PMID: 29511371 PMCID: PMC5835706 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of osteoblasts in bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). The specific objective was to evaluate the effect on osteoblasts of two nitrogen-containing BPs (zoledronate and alendronate) and one non-nitrogen-containing BP (clodronate) by analyzing modulations in their expression of genes essential for osteoblast physiology. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to study the effects of zoledronate, alendronate, and clodronate at doses of 10-5, 10-7, or 10-9 M on the expression of Runx-2, OSX, ALP, OSC, OPG, RANKL, Col-I, BMP-2, BMP-7, TGF-β1, VEGF, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3 by primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Expression of these markers was found to be dose-dependent, with no substantive differences between these cell lines. In general, results demonstrated a significant increase in TFG-β1, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, TGF-βR3, and VEGF expressions and a significant reduction in RUNX-2, Col-1, OSX, OSC, BMP-2, BMP-7, ALP, and RANKL expressions, while OPG expression varied according to the dose and cell line. The results of this in vitro study of HOBS and MG-63 cell lines indicate that low BP doses can significantly affect the expression of genes essential for osteoblast growth and differentiation and of genes involved in regulating osteoblast-osteoclast interaction, possibly by increasing TGF-β1 production. These findings suggest that osteoblasts may play an important role in BRONJ development, without ruling out other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Melilla. University of Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada (Spain)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain
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The Effects of Desferroxamine on Bone and Bone Graft Healing in Critical-Size Bone Defects. Ann Plast Surg 2018; 77:560-568. [PMID: 26808734 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autogenous bone grafts are still the criterion standard treatment option in critical-size bone defect reconstructions, and many therapies can affect its incorporation. In this study, it was aimed to research the effects of desferroxamine (DFO) application on bone and bone graft healing due to the effects of osteoblast and osteoclast regulation and stimulation of angiogenesis. METHODS Rat zygomatic arch critical-size bone defect model (5 mm) was used as the experimental model. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats (64 zygomatic arches) were divided into 4 groups (16 zygomatic arches in each). In groups 1 and 2, defects were reconstructed with the bone grafts harvested from the other side, and the right arc was named as group 1, and the left was group 2. At group 1, 200 μM/300 μL dosage of DFO was injected at the zygomatic arch region starting at the seventh day preoperatively and lasting until the 45th day postoperatively. Group 2 animals were defined as the control group of group 1, and 0.9% NaCl injection was applied. In groups 3 and 4, there was no repair after the formation of defects, and the right arc region was treated with DFO, and left was treated with 0.9% NaCl for postoperative 45 days, respectively. Radiological (computed tomography), histological (hematoxylin-eosin), and biomechanical (3-point bending test) tests were used for the evaluation. RESULTS In radiological evaluation, there was a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in bone defect size in group 3 animals at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks, and bone graft volume showed a statistical difference at all weeks (P < 0.05). In histological evaluation, it was observed that there was an increase in osteoblast number and vascularity rates (P < 0.05) in the DFO-treated groups at all weeks. Biomechanical evaluation of the subjects showed increase in bone strength in group 1 animals at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it was shown that DFO treatment increased bone graft incorporation and healing in critical-size bone defects. In this aspect, we suggest that DFO can be used to increase graft incorporation in risky areas and reduce the defect size in patients who are not suitable for vascularized bone graft transfer.
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Vascular Tissue Engineering: Effects of Integrating Collagen into a PCL Based Nanofiber Material. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9616939. [PMID: 28932749 PMCID: PMC5592415 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9616939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of vascular grafts is a growing field in regenerative medicine. Although numerous attempts have been made, the current vascular grafts made of polyurethane (PU), Dacron®, or Teflon® still display unsatisfying results. Electrospinning of biopolymers and native proteins has been in the focus of research to imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vessels to produce a small caliber, off-the-shelf tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) as a substitute for poorly performing PU, Dacron, or Teflon prostheses. Blended poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/collagen grafts have shown promising results regarding biomechanical and cell supporting features. In order to find a suitable PCL/collagen blend, we fabricated plane electrospun PCL scaffolds using various collagen type I concentrations ranging from 5% to 75%. We analyzed biocompatibility and morphological aspects in vitro. Our results show beneficial features of collagen I integration regarding cell viability and functionality, but also adverse effects like the loss of a confluent monolayer at high concentrations of collagen. Furthermore, electrospun PCL scaffolds containing 25% collagen I seem to be ideal for engineering vascular grafts.
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Pepe J, Cipriani C, Cantatore FP, Fabbri A, Pola E, Vinicola V, Raimo O, Biamonte F, Pascone R, Ferrara C, Minisola S. The effect of parathyroid hormone (1-84) treatment on serum bone morphogenetic protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:663-667. [PMID: 28238166 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of 18 months' parathyroid hormone 1-84 (PTH 1-84) treatment on serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. METHODS Thirty-seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (mean age 72.9 ± 8.1 years old) and 23 healthy controls (mean age 68.9 ± 9.9 years old) were enrolled. Patients were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of PTH (1-84) 100 mcg for 18 months, plus calcium 1 gr and vitamin D 800 IU per os daily. Blood samples were taken every 6 months during the study. RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences considering anthropometric parameters, co-morbidities, current medications used between patients and controls. Mean serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in osteoporotic patients compared to controls (436.7 ± 259.7 vs. 260.3 ± 184.3 pg/ml, p = 0.006), while there were no differences in mean serum values of BMP4 (5.3 ± 1.7 vs. 5.7 ± 1.6 pg/ml, p = 0.40). Serum VEGF levels increased by approximately 20% after 12 months of PTH (1-84) treatment compared to baseline (p = 0.03) and by 22% after 18 months (p = 0.01). A significant increase of 10% in mean serum BMP4 levels was observed after 18 months of PTH (1-84) treatment compared to baseline (p = 0.02). In the control group we found no differences after 18 months compared to baseline in BMP4 (5.7 ± 1.6 vs. 6.0 ± 1.5 pg/ml, p = 0.53) and VEGF (260.3 ± 184.3 vs. 257.4 ± 107.1 pg/ml, p = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS PTH (1-84) treatment increased serum levels of VEGF and BMP4 in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Cipriani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F P Cantatore
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Fabbri
- CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - E Pola
- Policlinico Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V Vinicola
- Rehabilitation Hospital, I.R.C.C.S Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - O Raimo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Biamonte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Pascone
- Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ferrara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section Health Statistic, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Minisola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Tong S, Xu DP, Liu ZM, Du Y, Wang XK. Synthesis of the New-Type Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Silk Fibroin-Chitosan Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and In Vitro Evaluation. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:509-15. [PMID: 26890455 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to discuss the biocompatibility of the vascular endothelial growth factor-silk fibroin-chitosan (VEGF-SF-CS) scaffolds. To offer an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering, the author added vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into silk fibroin-chitosan (SF-CS) scaffold directly to reconstruct a three-dimensional scaffold for the first time, SF-CS scaffold was loaded with VEGF and evaluated as a growth factor-delivery device. Human fetal osteoblast cell was seeded on the VEGF-SF-CS scaffolds and SF-CS scaffolds. On VEGF-SF-CS and SF-CS scaffolds, the cell adhesion rate was increased as time went on. Scanning electron microscopy: the cells grew actively and had normal multiple fissions, granular and filamentous substrates could be seen around the cells, and cell microfilaments were closely connected with the scaffolds. The cells could not only show the attached growth on surfaces of the scaffolds, but also extend into the scaffolds. Cell Counting Kit-8 and alkaline phosphatase analysis proved that the VEGF could significantly promote human fetal osteoblast1.19 cells growth and proliferation in the SF-CS scaffolds, but the enhancement of osteoblasts cell proliferation and activity by VEGF was dependent on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Quan L, Wang Y, Liang J, Qiu T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hui Q, Tao K. Screening for genes, transcription factors and miRNAs associated with the myogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1839-1849. [PMID: 27779643 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) into myocytes and osteoblasts. Microarray data GSE37329 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including three hASC cell lines from healthy donors, two osteogenic lineages and two myogenic lineages from the in vitro‑induction of hASCs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two lineages were firstly screened. Subsequently, the underlying functions of the two sets of DEGs were investigated by Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) with target genes were finally explored using different algorithms. A total of 665 and 485 DEGs were identified from the hASC‑derived myogenic and osteogenic lineages, respectively. The shared upregulated genes (n=205) in the two sets of DEGs were mainly involved in metabolism-related pathways, whereas the shared downregulated genes (n=128) were significantly enriched in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Four genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin 1B (IL1B), presented with relatively higher degrees in both PPI networks. The transcription factor RAD21 was predicted to target shared upregulated and downregulated genes as well as specific downregulated genes in the myogenic and the osteogenic lineages. In addition, miRNA-DEG interaction analysis revealed that hsa-miR-1 regulated the most shared DEGs in the two lineages. There may be a correlation between the four genes, VEGFA, FGF2, IL1B and NGF, and the differentiation of hASCs into myocytes and osteoblasts. The TF RAD21 and hsa-miR-1 may play important roles in regulating the expression of differentiation-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiulong Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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Huang H, Ma L, Kyrkanides S. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:366-73. [PMID: 26926024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone remodeling is crucial to the success of many dental procedures and is tightly regulated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key cytokine for angiogenesis, is also an important regulator of bone remodeling. We aimed to examine the mechanisms by which VEGF induces bone remodeling by studying its effects on cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts. METHODS Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with vehicle or VEGF-A165. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion potentials were assessed. Preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells were treated with vehicle or VEGF with or without the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoclast formation was measured with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Conditioned media from vehicle-treated or VEGF-treated MC3T3-E1 cells were tested for the levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and were used to treat RAW264.7 cells to observe osteoclast formation. RESULTS VEGF significantly induced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. VEGF did not directly induce osteoclastogenesis but significantly increased the RANKL/OPG ratio in the conditioned media from the MC3T3-E1 cultures; this significantly increased osteoclast formation. CONCLUSIONS VEGF stimulates osteoclast differentiation by increasing the osteoblastic RANKL/OPG ratio but has no direct effect on osteoclast precursor cells, and it induces osteoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion potentials in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechang Huang
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY.
| | - Li Ma
- Research assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Stephanos Kyrkanides
- Professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
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Liu Y, Deng LZ, Sun HP, Xu JY, Li YM, Xie X, Zhang LM, Deng FL. Sustained dual release of placental growth factor-2 and bone morphogenic protein-2 from heparin-based nanocomplexes for direct osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1147-58. [PMID: 27042064 PMCID: PMC4809329 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the direct osteogenic effect between placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). METHODS Three groups of PlGF-2/BMP-2-loaded heparin-N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) nanocomplexes were prepared: those with 0.5 μg PlGF-2; with 1.0 μg BMP-2; and with 0.5 μg PlGF-2 combined with 1.0 μg BMP-2. The loading efficiencies and release profiles of these growth factors (GFs) in this nanocomplex system were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, their biological activities were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, cell morphology, and cell number counting assays, and their osteogenic activities were quantified using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining assays. RESULTS The loading efficiencies were more than 99% for the nanocomplexes loaded with just PlGF-2 and for those loaded with both PlGF-2 and BMP-2. For the nanocomplex loaded with just BMP-2, the loading efficiency was more than 97%. About 83%-84% of PlGF-2 and 89%-91% of BMP-2 were stably retained on the nanocomplexes for at least 21 days. In in vitro biological assays, PlGF-2 exhibited osteogenic effects comparable to those of BMP-2 despite its dose in the experiments being lower than that of BMP-2. Moreover, the results implied that heparin-based nanocomplexes encapsulating two GFs have enhanced potential in the enhancement of osteoblast function. CONCLUSION PlGF-2-loaded heparin-HTCC nanocomplexes may constitute a promising system for bone regeneration. Moreover, the dual delivery of PlGF-2 and BMP-2 appears to have greater potential in bone tissue regeneration than the delivery of either GFs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhi Deng
- PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; GDHPPC Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yun Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; GDHPPC Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Long Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Modena A, Massari F, Ciccarese C, Brunelli M, Santoni M, Montironi R, Martignoni G, Tortora G. Targeting Met and VEGFR Axis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: ‘Game Over’? Target Oncol 2016; 11:431-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lampert FM, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G, Pfeifer D, Stark GB, Winninger O, Steiner D. Transcriptomic Changes in Osteoblasts Following Endothelial Cell-Cocultivation Suggest a Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cellular Interaction. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1869-79. [PMID: 26754918 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is important for bone development, fracture healing and engineering of artificial bone tissue. In the context of bone tissue engineering, it was shown that coimplantation of human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) results in the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. Implanted endothelial cells do not only contribute to blood vessel formation, but also support proliferation, cell survival and osteogenic differentiation of coimplanted hOBs. These effects are partially mediated by direct heterotypic cell contacts. In a previous report we could show that cocultivated hOBs strongly increase the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in HUVECs, suggesting that ECM may be involved in the intercellular communication between hOBs and HUVECs. The present study aimed at investigating whether comparable changes occur in hOBs. We therefore performed a microarray analysis of hOBs cultivated in direct contact with HUVECs, revealing 1,004 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes could be assigned to the functional clusters ECM, proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation. The microarray data could be confirmed by performing quantitative real time RT-PCR on selected genes. Furthermore, we could show that the ECM produced by HUVECs increased the expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hOBs. In summary, our data demonstrate that HUVECs provoke complex changes in gene expression patterns in cocultivated hOBs and that ECM plays and important role in this interaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1869-1879, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Winninger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Inglis S, Christensen D, Wilson DI, Kanczler JM, Oreffo ROC. Human endothelial and foetal femur-derived stem cell co-cultures modulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:13. [PMID: 26781715 PMCID: PMC4717648 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A dynamic vasculature is a prerequisite for bone formation where the interaction of bone cells and endothelial cells is essential for both the development and the healing process of bone. Enhanced understanding of the specific mediators involved in bone cell and endothelial cell interactions offers new avenues for skeletal regenerative applications. This study has investigated the osteogenic and angiogenic potential of co-cultures of human foetal diaphyseal or epiphyseal cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence and absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) supplementation. Methods Early osteogenic activities of the co-cultures (±VEGF) were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An ex vivo organotypic embryonic chick (E11) femur culture model was used to determine the osteogenic effects of VEGF as determined using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and Alcian blue/Sirius red histochemistry and immunocytochemistry for expression of CD31. Results ALP activity and gene expression of ALP and Type-1 collagen was enhanced in foetal skeletal/HUVECs co-cultures. In foetal diaphyseal/HUVECs co-cultures, VEGF reduced the levels of ALP activity and displayed a negligible effect on von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VEGF gene expression. In contrast, VEGF supplementation was observed to significantly increase FLT-1 and KDR gene expression in co-cultures with modulation of expression enhanced, compared to VEGF skeletal monocultures. In the organotypic chick model, addition of VEGF significantly enhanced bone formation, which coincided with elevated levels of CD31-positive cells in the mid-diaphyseal region of the femurs. Conclusion These studies demonstrate a differential skeletal response of early foetal skeletal cells, when co-cultured with endothelial cells and the potential of co-culture models for bone repair. The differential effect of VEGF supplementation on markers of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in co-cultures and organ cultures, demonstrate the importance of the intricate temporal coordination of osteogenic and angiogenic processes during bone formation and implications therein for effective approaches to bone regenerative therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0270-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Inglis
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - David Christensen
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - David I Wilson
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Janos M Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Liu C, Zhang X, Wu M, You L. Mechanical loading up-regulates early remodeling signals from osteocytes subjected to physical damage. J Biomech 2015; 48:4221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sargent KM, Clopton DT, Lu N, Pohlmeier WE, Cupp AS. VEGFA splicing: divergent isoforms regulate spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:31-45. [PMID: 26553653 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite being well-known for regulating angiogenesis in both normal and tumorigenic environments, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been recently implicated in male fertility, namely in the maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). The VEGFA gene can be spliced into multiple distinct isoforms that are either angiogenic or antiangiogenic in nature. Although studies have demonstrated the alternative splicing of VEGFA, including the divergent roles of the two isoform family types, many investigations do not differentiate between them. Data concerning VEGFA in the mammalian testis are limited, but the various angiogenic isoforms appear to promote seminiferous cord formation and to form a gradient across which cells may migrate. Treatment with either antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGFA or with inhibitors to angiogenic signaling impair these processes. Serendipitously, expression of KDR, the primary receptor for both types of VEGFA isoforms, was observed on male germ cells. These findings led to further investigation of the way that VEGFA elicits avascular functions within testes. Following treatment of donor perinatal male mice with either antiangiogenic VEGFA165b or angiogenic VEGFA164 isoforms, seminiferous tubules were less colonized following transplantation with cells from VEGFA165b-treated donors. Thus, VEGFA165b and possibly other antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGFA reduce SSC number either by promoting premature differentiation, inducing cell death, or by preventing SSC formation. Thus, angiogenic isoforms of VEGFA are hypothesized to promote SSC self-renewal, and the divergent isoforms are thought to balance one another to maintain SSC homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Sargent
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Debra T Clopton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Ningxia Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - William E Pohlmeier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA.
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Mihaila SM, Resende MF, Reis RL, Gomes ME, Marques AP. Interactive endothelial phenotype maintenance and osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction SSEA-4+-derived cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1998-2013. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Mihaila
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Margarida F. Resende
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Barco GMR Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs; PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga Guimarães Portugal
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Das A, Fishero BA, Christophel JJ, Li CJ, Kohli N, Lin Y, Dighe AS, Cui Q. Poly(lactic-co-glycolide) polymer constructs cross-linked with human BMP-6 and VEGF protein significantly enhance rat mandible defect repair. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:125-35. [PMID: 26475719 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the combined delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) induces significantly more bone formation than that induced by the delivery of any single factor or a combination of any two factors. We now determine whether the exogenous addition of VEGF and BMP-6 is sufficient for bone healing when MSCs are not provided. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microsphere-based three-dimensional scaffolds (P) were fabricated by thermal sintering of PLAGA microspheres. The scaffolds were chemically cross-linked with 200 ng recombinant human VEGF (P(VEGF)) or BMP-6 (P(BMP-6)) or both (P(VEGF+BMP-6)) by the EDC-NHS-MES method. Release of the proteins from the scaffolds was detected for 21 days in vitro which confirmed their comparable potential to supply the proteins in vivo. The scaffolds were delivered to a critical-sized mandibular defect created in 32 Sprague Dawley rats. Significant bone regeneration was observed only in rats with P(VEGF+BMP-6) scaffolds at weeks 2, 8 and 12 as revealed by micro-computer tomography. Vascular ingrowth was higher in the P(VEGF+BMP-6) group as seen by microfil imaging than in other groups. Trichrome staining revealed that a soft callus formed in P(VEGF), P(BMP-6) and P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not in P. MSCs isolated from rat femurs displayed expression of the bone-specific marker osteocalcin when cultured with P(VEGF), P(BMP-6), or P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not with P. Robust mineralization and increased alkaline phosphatase gene expression were seen in rat MSCs when cultured on P(VEGF+BMP-6) but not on P, P(VEGF), or P(BMP-6). Thus, unlike the delivery of VEGF or BMP-6 alone, the combined delivery of VEGF and BMP-6 to the bone defect significantly enhanced bone repair through the enhancement of angiogenesis and the differentiation of endogenously recruited MSCs into the bone repair site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Das
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian A Fishero
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - J Jared Christophel
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ching-Ju Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nikita Kohli
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Abhijit S Dighe
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Joensuu K, Uusitalo L, Alm JJ, Aro HT, Hentunen TA, Heino TJ. Enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation in co-culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells with exogenous VEGF. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101:381-6. [PMID: 25813558 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in bone tissue engineering, efficient bone formation and vascularization remains a challenge for clinical applications. HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to investigate if the osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be enhanced by co-culturing them with peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs), with and without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a coupling factor of bone formation and angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bone marrow (BM) derived MSCs were co-cultured with PB-MNCs in osteogenic medium with or without VEGF. Osteoblastic differentiation and mineral deposition were studied by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and von Kossa, respectively, and measurements for ALP activity and calcium concentration (Ca). Cell proliferation was assayed with Alamar blue. The mechanism(s) were further studied by Transwell(®) cell culture experiments. RESULTS Both ALP and mineralization (von Kossa and Ca) were significantly higher in the MSC-MNC co-cultures compared to plain MSC cultures. VEGF alone had no effect on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs, but further enhanced differentiation in co-culture settings. The mechanism was shown to require cell-cell contact between MSCs and MNCs and the factors contributing to further differentiation appear to be soluble. No differences were observed in cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the in vitro ALP activity and mineralization of human BM-MSCs is more efficient in the presence of PB-MNCs, and exogenously added VEGF further enhances the stimulatory effect. This indicates that PB-MNCs could be a potential cell source in development of co-culture systems for novel tissue engineering applications for enhanced bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Joensuu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C3, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - L Uusitalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C3, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - J J Alm
- Orthopedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H T Aro
- Orthopedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - T A Hentunen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C3, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - T J Heino
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Kiinamyllynkatu 10 C3, 20520 Turku, Finland; Orthopedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fay AP, Albiges L, Bellmunt J. Current role of cabozantinib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:151-6. [PMID: 25586337 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over 80% of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer have bone metastases. This condition can dramatically impact quality of life and is associated with short-term survival. Consequently, the development of bone-targeted therapies is a relevant topic on prostate cancer management. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways have been identified to play a role in prostate cancer progression and bone metastasis and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Early-phase studies have shown encouraging responses in bone metastases and pain control with cabozantinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting hepatocyte growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Despite striking responses seen in some patients, preliminary results from a pivotal Phase III study have failed to produce survival benefit. This review encompasses preclinical and clinical data of cabozantinib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer highlighting future research options for this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P Fay
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School 450 Brookline Avenue (DANA 1230), Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Tong S, Xue L, XU DP, Liu ZM, Wang XK. In Vitro Culture of BMSCs on VEGF-SF-CS Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Da-peng XU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Zi-mei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Xu-kai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
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Ishtiaq S, Fogelman I, Hampson G. Treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis: beyond bisphosphonates. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:13-29. [PMID: 25194424 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent condition, characterized by compromised bone strength and fragility fractures and with an important associated socio-economic burden. Bisphosphonates are well established as the first line treatment for osteoporosis. However, while randomized control trials have in general demonstrated reasonable anti-fracture efficacy at the spine, they have shown moderate reduction in fracture incidence for non-vertebral sites. Furthermore, oral bisphosphonates are commonly associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects and both oral and parenteral bisphosphonates have been linked with osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture, two rare but debilitating side effects. In addition, bisphosphonates are not recommended in patients with GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Hence, there is a clear requirement for newer agents, which are able to reduce fracture risk further, whilst overcoming the limitations of bisphosphonates. Over the past 20 years, knowledge and a deeper understanding of the various signalling pathways involved in bone remodelling has increased, enabling identification of additional targets for therapy. This review focuses on these newer therapies and includes anti-resorptive agents such as raloxifene and other selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the monoclonal antibody denosumab (which inhibits the RANKL pathway), odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor and the anabolic agents, PTH analogue; PTH (1-34) and anti-sclerostin antibodies (activator of the Wnt pathway). Strontium ranelate will not be reviewed as recent reports highlight concerns surrounding its cardiovascular safety and together with an apparent increased risk of thrombosis, its future use remains uncertain. Some of these agents such as raloxifene, denosumab and teriparatide are already in clinical use whilst others are at varying stages of development. This review will provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of these therapeutic agents on the skeleton and assess their efficacy in osteoporosis and fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ishtiaq
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, 5th Floor, North Wing, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - I Fogelman
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Hampson
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, 5th Floor, North Wing, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Ishtiaq S, Edwards S, Sankaralingam A, Evans BAJ, Elford C, Frost ML, Fogelman I, Hampson G. The effect of nitrogen containing bisphosphonates, zoledronate and alendronate, on the production of pro-angiogenic factors by osteoblastic cells. Cytokine 2014; 71:154-60. [PMID: 25461393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been shown to influence angiogenesis. This may contribute to BP-associated side-effects such as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) or atypical femoral fractures (AFF). The effect of BPs on the production of angiogenic factors by osteoblasts is unclear. The aims were to investigate the effect of (1) alendronate on circulating angiogenic factors; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) in vivo and (2) zoledronate and alendronate on the production of VEGF and ANG-1 by osteoblasts in vitro. We studied 18 post-menopausal women with T score⩽-2 randomized to calcium/vitamin D only (control arm, n=8) or calcium/vitamin D and alendronate 70mg weekly (treatment arm, n=10). Circulating concentrations of VEGF and ANG-1 were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12months. Two human osteoblastic cell lines (MG-63 and HCC1) and a murine osteocytic cell line (MLO-Y4) were treated with zoledronate or alendronate at concentrations of 10(-12)-10(-6)M. VEGF and ANG-1 were measured in the cell culture supernatant. We observed a trend towards a decline in VEGF and ANG-1 at 6 and 12months following treatment with alendronate (p=0.08). Production of VEGF and ANG-1 by the MG-63 and HCC1 cells decreased significantly by 34-39% (p<0.01) following treatment with zoledronate (10(-9)-10(-6)M). Treatment of the MG-63 cells with alendronate (10(-7) and 10(-6)) led to a smaller decrease (25-28%) in VEGF (p<0.05). Zoledronate (10(-10)-10(-)(6)M) suppressed the production of ANG-1 by MG-63 cells with a decrease of 43-49% (p<0.01). Co-treatment with calcitriol (10(-8)M) partially reversed this zoledronate-induced inhibition. BPs suppress osteoblastic production of angiogenic factors. This may explain, in part, the pathogenesis of the BP-associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S Edwards
- Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE19RT, UK
| | - A Sankaralingam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - B A J Evans
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - C Elford
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - M L Frost
- Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE19RT, UK
| | - I Fogelman
- Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE19RT, UK
| | - G Hampson
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Osteoporosis Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SE19RT, UK.
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Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: Molecular mechanisms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 146:620-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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de Castro LF, Maycas M, Bravo B, Esbrit P, Gortazar A. VEGF Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) Activation Is Essential for Osteocyte Survival Induced by Mechanotransduction. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:278-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. de Castro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA); Facultad de Medicina; Universidad CEU San Pablo; Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Maycas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF); Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Bravo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA); Facultad de Medicina; Universidad CEU San Pablo; Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF); Madrid Spain
| | - Arancha Gortazar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA); Facultad de Medicina; Universidad CEU San Pablo; Madrid Spain
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Eswaraka J, Giddabasappa A, Han G, Lalwani K, Eisele K, Feng Z, Affolter T, Christensen J, Li G. Axitinib and crizotinib combination therapy inhibits bone loss in a mouse model of castration resistant prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:742. [PMID: 25277255 PMCID: PMC4190397 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The primary cause of mortality and morbidity in patients is bone metastases and remodeling resulting in osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Recently, cabozantinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor (VEGFR2 and c-MET inhibitor), was shown to have efficacy on bone lesions in patients. In this study we tested multi-kinase inhibitors: axitinib (VEGFR inhibitor) and crizotinib (c-MET inhibitor) in a combination trial in mice models. Methods VCaP-Luc cells were grown as subcutaneous implants in intact and castrated NOD-SCID-gamma (NSG) mice to confirm the androgen dependency. For bone metastasis model two cohorts of NSG mice (castrated and intact) received orthotopic injection of VCaP-Luc cells into the bone marrow cavity of left tibia. Mice were monitored weekly for tumor growth using bioluminescence imaging. Animals were randomized into 4 groups based on the tumor bioluminescence signal: vehicle, crizotinib alone, axitinib alone, crizotinib and axitinib in combination. Animals were imaged weekly by in vivo 2-D X-ray imaging to monitor bone remodeling. At the end of the study animals were euthanized and both tibias were extracted for ex vivo high-resolution 3-D micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging. Results Subcutaneous model showed that androgen stimulation may be helpful but not essential for the growth of VCaP-Luc cells. VCaP-Luc cells grown intra-tibially in intact animals caused extensive remodeling of bone with mixed osteoblastic (bone formation) and osteolytic (bone matrix dissolution) lesions. The osteoblastic lesions were predominant and at times extended beyond the tibial shaft into the surrounding tissue. In contrast, only osteolytic lesions were prominent throughout the study in castrated animals. Treatment with crizotinib alone reduced the osteolytic lesions in castrated animals. Axitinib alone reduced the osteoblastic lesions in the intact animals. Combination therapy with axitinib and crizotinib remarkably inhibited the tibial remodeling by VCaP-Luc cells which resulted in a significant reduction of both osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. Conclusion Our data show that combined inhibition of c-MET and VEGFR can be beneficial for treatment of metastatic bone disease in CRPC and that the drugs act on two different stages of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-742) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Eswaraka
- Global Science and Technology (WCM), Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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McCoy RJ, Widaa A, Watters KM, Wuerstle M, Stallings RL, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ. Orchestrating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells--identification of placental growth factor as a mechanosensitive gene with a pro-osteogenic role. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2420-31. [PMID: 23897668 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is initiated during fetal development and persists through adult life as either a remodeling process in response to homeostatic regulation or as a regenerative process in response to physical injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role providing progenitor cells from which osteoblasts, bone matrix forming cells are differentiated. The mechanical environment plays an important role in regulating stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts, however, the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to mechanical stimuli are yet to be fully elucidated. To increase understanding of MSC mechanotransuction and osteogenic differentiation, this study aimed to identify novel, mechanically augmented genes and pathways with pro-osteogenic functionality. Using collagen glycoaminoglycan scaffolds as mimics of native extracellular matrix, to create a 3D environment more representative of that found in bone, MSC-seeded constructs were mechanically stimulated in a flow-perfusion bioreactor. Global gene expression profiling techniques were used to identify potential candidates warranting further investigation. Of these, placental growth factor (PGF) was selected and expression levels were shown to strongly correlate to both the magnitude and duration of mechanical stimulation. We demonstrated that PGF gene expression was modulated through an actin polymerization-mediated mechanism. The functional role of PGF in modulating MSC osteogenic differentiation was interrogated, and we showed a concentration-dependent response whereby low concentrations exhibited the strongest pro-osteogenic effect. Furthermore, pre-osteoclast migration and differentiation, as well as endothelial cell tubule formation also maintained concentration-dependent responses to PGF, suggesting a potential role for PGF in bone resorption and angiogenesis, processes key to bone remodeling and fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J McCoy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
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Abstract
Cabozantinib (XL184) is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase with predominantly MET and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition properties. It is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. The agent has a convenient once-daily oral dosing schedule and has demonstrated encouraging activity in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). A Phase I/II trial demonstrated responses in soft tissue, visceral disease, and bone metastases in CRPC. An objective response rate of 5%, a stable disease rate of 75%, and a median progression-free survival of 6 months was observed. As compared with the 140 mg daily dose used in thyroid cancer, a lower dose of 60 mg daily is currently being utilized in prostate cancer studies due to the fact that toxicity could be reduced without compromising efficacy. Randomized trials are ongoing in comparison with prednisone or with mitoxantrone and prednisone in pretreated metastatic CRPC. Cabozantinib has demonstrated a unique mechanism of action and preliminary efficacy in the crowded therapeutic field of prostate cancer. Since multiple therapies have recently demonstrated overall survival benefit in metastatic CRPC, cabozantinib will likely face some challenges in clinical application. At present, in this rapidly evolving field, it is unclear what proportion of patients with prostate cancer will be eligible to receive this therapy. The cost of cabozantinib is likely to be another deterrent, especially if it remains more expensive than other oral therapies, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide. Defining the role of MET overexpression and RET mutations as biomarkers in prostate cancer may help to guide patient selection, and enrich and enhance the future applications of this targeted novel agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Krishnan L, Willett NJ, Guldberg RE. Vascularization strategies for bone regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:432-44. [PMID: 24468975 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-0969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The functional regeneration of thick vascularized tissues such as bone and muscle is complicated by the large volume of lost tissue, challenging biomechanical environment, and the need to reproduce the highly organized structure of both the native tissue extracellular matrix and its vascular support system. Stem cell or progenitor cell delivery approaches, for example, continue to be plagued by low viability and engraftment in part due to the initial absence of a vascular supply. Recognition of diffusion limitations in thick tissues has prompted regenerative strategies that seek to accelerate establishment of a functional vasculature. The successful design of robust regeneration strategies for these challenging clinical scenarios will rely on a thorough understanding of interactions between construct design parameters and host biological and biomechanical factors. Here, we discuss the critical role of vascularization in normal bone tissue homeostasis and repair, vascular network adaptation to the local biomechanical environment, and the future directions of revascularization approaches being developed and integrated with bone regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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Ding H, Gao YS, Wang Y, Hu C, Sun Y, Zhang C. Dimethyloxaloylglycine increases the bone healing capacity of adipose-derived stem cells by promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:990-1000. [PMID: 24328551 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone regeneration, which can enhance the bone healing capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by improving their osteogenic and angiogenic activities. Previous studies transduced the HIF-1α gene into MSCs with lentivirus vectors to improve their bone healing capacity. However, the risks due to lentivirus vectors, such as tumorigenesis, should be considered before clinical application. Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) is a cell-permeable prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, which can activate the expression of HIF-1α in cells at normal oxygen tension. Therefore, DMOG is expected to be an alternative strategy for enhancing HIF-1α expression in cells. In this study, we explored the osteogenic and angiogenic activities of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) treated with different concentrations of DMOG in vitro, and the bone healing capacity of DMOG-treated ASCs combined with hydrogels for treating critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. The results showed that DMOG had no obvious cytotoxic effects on ASCs and could inhibit the death of ASCs induced by serum deprivation. DMOG markedly increased vascular endothelial growth factor production in ASCs in a dose-dependent manner and improved the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α. Rats with critical-sized calvarial defects treated with hydrogels containing DMOG-treated ASCs had more bone regeneration and new vessel formation than the other groups. Therefore, we believe that DMOG enhanced the angiogenic and osteogenic activity of ASCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α, thereby improving the bone healing capacity of ASCs in rat critical-sized calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic prostate cancer to the skeleton. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:418340. [PMID: 24396604 PMCID: PMC3874956 DOI: 10.1155/2013/418340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical implication and high incidence of bone and spinal metastases, the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer metastasis to bone and spine are not well understood. In this review the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the highly metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer are discussed. Proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been shown to not only aid in the metastatic capabilities of prostate cancer but also encourage the colonization and growth of prostate tumour cells in the skeleton. The importance of VEGF in the complex process of prostate cancer dissemination to the skeleton is discussed, including its role in the development of the bone premetastatic niche, metastatic tumour cell recognition of bone, and bone remodeling. The expression of VEGF has also been shown to be upregulated in prostate cancer and is associated with clinical stage, Gleason score, tumour stage, progression, metastasis, and survival. Due to the multifaceted effect VEGF has on tumour angiogenesis, tumour cell proliferation, and bone destruction, therapies targeting the VEGF pathways have shown promising clinical application and are being investigated in clinical trials.
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Cabozantinib: a novel agent with a dual mechanism of action for castration-resistant prostate carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 73:219-22. [PMID: 24202668 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of castration-resistant prostate carcinoma has changed completely in the last few years, with the approval of four new agents with proven benefit in overall survival. Abiraterone, cabazitaxel, enzalutamide and radium-223 dichloride have been added to the armamentarium of available agents for the treatment of these patients. We still lack information about which agent works best in an individual patient and how to optimally use them in a sequential strategy. Cabozantinib, a targeted agent against MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, has shown promising results and could become the first targeted therapy to be approved for castration-resistant prostate carcinoma. This paper reviews the clinical development of cabozantinib in prostate cancer and future research possibilities for this drug.
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