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Liu XM, Shi H, Li W. Review on the potential roles of traditional Chinese medicines in the prevention, treatment, and postoperative recovery of age-related cataract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117786. [PMID: 38253273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide, a visual disorder caused by a clouded lens that seriously affects People's Daily lives. Age-related cataract (ARC) is the most common type of cataract due to long-term combined effects of many factors, and its pathogenesis is varied. At present, the surgery is the main treatment for cataracts, but it is still limited to the prevention, treatment of early cataracts and the postoperative complications care. While, its drug treatments are still in the stage of exploration and research. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), a unique resource in China, is conceived under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory and has little toxicity and side effects, but it has made great progress in the treatment and prevention of ARC. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review presents an overview of the pathogenesis of ARC in both traditional and modern medicines and summarizes the history and therapeutic effect of TCM on ARC including their formula, crude drugs and active components, and also the other auxiliary methods. METHODS A number of recognized databases like SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were extensively explored by using keywords and phrases such as "cataract", "age-related cataract", "traditional medicine", "ethnopharmacology", "herbs", "medicinal plants", or other relevant terms, and the plants/phytoconstituents that are evaluated in the models of age-related cataract. As well as the current TCM adjuvant therapy used in the clinical treatment were summarized. RESULTS TCM revealed to plays an active role in treating age-related cataract, via multi-pathway and multi-target, and can treat or delay ARC by inhibiting abnormal glucose metabolism, antioxidant damage, inhibiting LEC apoptosis, and so on, which is in concordance with the good effects of the global use of TCM in clinical application. Concerning the early prevention and treatment of cataract and postoperative complications, TCM and auxiliary methods remain to achieve better clinical effects. CONCLUSION ARC belongs to the category of "Yuan Yi Nei Zhang" in TCM theory, showing that there are many causes of ARC including aging, and kidney-yang, spleen, sperm and blood deficiencies. At the same time, the viscera gradually decline, as well as yin or yang progressively become weak, especially in the elder people. So, TCM could be mainly based on liver, kidney, and spleen syndrome differentiation, personalizing diagnosis and treatment, following multiple targets, regulating fundamentally yin and yang, and thus justifying the advantages of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic, China
| | - Hui Shi
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic, China.
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Ma Q, Zhang AN, Zhang CX. Exploration of the Pharmacological Mechanism of Bufei Nashen Pill in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221134883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Based on network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking verification, the therapeutic mechanism of Bufei Nashen Pill (BFNSP) in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is discussed. Methods: First, the active ingredients and therapeutic targets of BFNSP were determined based on literature and the Chinese medicine system pharmacology database. Relevant targets of COPD were determined using GeneCard, Therapeutic Target Database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The con-targets of BFNSP and COPD were then obtained through the Veen platform, which were implemented in Cytoscape to build “Drug-Ingredients-Potential Target network.” Target gene function enrichment analysis and signal pathway analysis were performed based on STRING database, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. Finally, SYBYL 2.2.1 software was used to finish docking. Results: In the Drug-Ingredients-Potential Targets network, 172 active ingredients and 183 potential targets were found. Enrichment analysis showed that potential targets mainly involve biological functions such as inflammation, reactive oxygen, and immunity. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients of BFNSP had preferential interaction with interleukin 6, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, SRC, epidermal growth factor receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Conclusion: BFNSP can be used to treat COPD by the regulation of inflammation, immunity, and hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ma
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - An-ni Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-xi Zhang
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
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Liu J, Huang Q, Yang X, Ding C. HPE-GCN: predicting efficacy of tonic formulae via graph convolutional networks integrating traditionally defined herbal properties. Methods 2022; 204:101-109. [PMID: 35597515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal formulae are the heritage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating diseases through thousands of years. The formula function is not just a simple herbal efficacy addition, but produces complex and nonlinear relationships between different herbs and their overall efficacy, which brings challenges to the formula efficacy analysis. In our study, we proposed a model called HPE-GCN that combines graph convolutional networks (GCN) with TCM-defined herbal properties (TCM-HPs) to predict formulae efficacy. In addition, to process the unstructured natural language in the formula text, we proposed a weighting calculation method related to herb frequency and the number of herbs in a formula called Formula-Herb dependence degree (FHDD), to assess the dependency degree of a formula with its herbs. In our research, 214 classic tonic formulae from ancient TCM books such as Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Jingyue's Complete Works and the Golden Mirror of Medicin were collected as datasets. The performance of HPE-GCN on multi-classification of tonic formulae reached the best result compared with classic machine learning models, such as support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, gradient boosting decision tree, and K-nearest neighbors. The evaluated index Macro-Precision, Macro-Recall, Macro-F1 of HPE-GCN on the test set were 87.70%, 84.08% and 83.51% respectively, increased by 7.27%, 7.41% and 7.30% respectively from second best compared models. GCN has the advantage of low-dimensional feature expression for herbs and formulae, and is an effective analysis tool for TCM research. HPE-GCN integrates TCM-HPs and fits the complex nonlinear mapping relationship between TCM-HPs and formulae efficacy, which provides new ideas for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qunfu Huang
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Changsong Ding
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Big Data Analysis Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Analysis of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms Polysaccharide II Composition and Its Immune-Protective Role in a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressive Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3387396. [PMID: 34373697 PMCID: PMC8349253 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3387396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acanthopanax giraldii Harms is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatism, improve joints, and strengthen muscles and bones. The polysaccharides present in A. giraldii Harms contain major bioactive substances, which have antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral activities. In this study, the structural characterization of the homogeneous polysaccharide isolated from A. giraldii Harms, known as AHP-II, and its immunomodulatory effects in vivo will be studied. High-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) based analyses revealed that AHP-II was composed of various monosaccharides, which included rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid in molar ratios of 29.5 : 24.6 : 23.8 : 4.4 : 5.7 : 8.8 : 3.1, respectively, and had a collective molecular weight of 80.21 × 103 Da. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of a pyranose ring and β-type glycosidic linkages in AHP-II. In addition, immunomodulatory effect analyses of AHP-II that used a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mouse model demonstrated that its treatment could significantly restore spleen and thymus indices, promote the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, elevate CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage and CD4+ : CD8+ ratio in the spleen, promote macrophage phagocytosis, and restore cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IgM, and IgG) levels. These results suggested that AHP-II could potentially be used as natural immunomodulator and as an alternative treatment to reduce chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Li M, Chen Y, Cai Z, Teng J, Feng Q, Chen Y, Wang L, Li C, Tang BQ, Bai X. Exploring the Biochemical Basis of the Meridian Tropism Theory for the Qi-Invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicine Herb Panax ginseng. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X20983249. [PMID: 33634715 PMCID: PMC7917415 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20983249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of the Qi-invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) herb Panax ginseng (P.G.) on mitochondrial functions and cellular antioxidant capacity in different organs of mice. We found that the P.G. extracts had a significant effect on tissues of mice, with the generation of total adenylate pool (TAP) enhanced in all visceral tissues, but not for the brain. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antioxidant capacity reflected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) increased only for the meridian tissues that P.G. belongs to including Heart, Spleen and Lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a combined result of the increased energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity, varied in different organs. We concluded that: 1) the Qi-invigorating TCM herb P.G. had a significant effect on mice by enhancing TAP production in all of the visceral tissues examined, except for the brain; 2) for the meridional tissues of P.G. (Heart, Spleen and Lung), the P.G. extracts not only promoted the TAP production, but also boosted the antioxidant capacity demonstrated by the simultaneous increase in TAP, and SOD and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Li
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Zhongzhen Cai
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Jie Teng
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Qian Feng
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Caixia Li
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Bruce Qing Tang
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- ENNOVA Institute of Life Science and Technology, ENN Group, Langfang, China
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Buyuan decoction inhibits autophagy in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ARCH BIOL SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.2298/abs211104047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to find a better therapeutic approach with fewer side
effects in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study
investigated the effect of Buyuan decoction (BYD) on autophagy in COPD rats.
An experimental model with Sprague-Dawley rats was established by
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and cigarette smoke exposure. Rats were
randomly allocated into blank control (normal control), experimental model,
low-dose BYD (8.0 g/kg/day), medium-dose BYD (16.0 g/kg/day), high-dose BYD
(32.0 g/kg/day) and 3-MA (methyladenine) groups (6 rats/group). Cell and
tissue morphology were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.
Autophagic vesicles were examined with a transmission electron microscope.
Protein expression of LC3-II/I, BNIP-1, ATG7, p62, PI3K and p-PI3K in lung
tissue was detected by Western blotting. Compared with the experimental
model group, the inflammatory infiltrate in lung tissue was reduced, the
nuclei of the pulmonary epithelial cells were restored to normal, and the
expression of LC3, BNIP1, ATG7 and p-PI3K was significantly downregulated,
while p62 expression was significantly upregulated after treatment with the
BYD. The effect was most significant in the lowdose BYD group (P<0.05, all
groups). These findings suggest that the BYD inhibits the occurrence of
autophagy in the pathogenesis of COPD and that it can be a potential
treatment.
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Huang Y, Yao P, Leung KW, Wang H, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Chen Y, Qin QW, Tsim KWK. The Chinese medicinal herbs of spleen-meridian property regulate body temperature in yeast-induced fever rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:152815. [PMID: 30833146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the herbal property is the most important guiding principle of ancient medication in China. The classification of warm- and cold-stimulating TCM is defined mainly based on the effects of herbs in regulating body temperature; however, the underlying mechanism of such distinction has not been fully identified. METHODS Here, four commonly used spleen-meridian herbs, Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix as typical warm-stimulating herbs, and Nelumbinis Semen and Coicis Semen as typical cold-stimulating herbs, were selected to test their effects in regulating body temperature, as well as its triggered thermo-regulatory factors and energy related metabolites, in yeast-induced fever rats. RESULTS The intake of Astragali Radix increased body temperature in yeast-induced fever rats; while Coicis Semen showed cooling effects in such rats. In parallel, the levels of cAMP, PGE2 and thermo-related metabolites, including choline, creatine, alanine, lactate and leucine, in the blood of yeast-induced rats were increased significantly by the intake of Astragali Radix. Oppositely, the cold-stimulating herbs, Nelumbinis Semen and Coicis Semen, showed cooling effects by increasing certain metabolites, e.g. histidine, tyrosine, lipid, myo-inositol, as well as AVP level. CONCLUSION Here, we compared different effects of warm and cooling spleen-meridian herbs in the regulation of body temperature. By providing an intuitive comparison of thermo-regulatory factors and related metabolites after intake of selected herbs, the mechanism behind the warm and cooling effects of specific herbs were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Peng Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Pharmacology Department, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Li A, Li A, Deng Z, Guo J, Wu H. Cross-Species Annotation of Expressed Genes and Detection of Different Functional Gene Modules Between 10 Cold- and 10 Hot-Propertied Chinese Herbal Medicines. Front Genet 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32625232 PMCID: PMC7314971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system, Chinese herbal medicines (HMs) can be divided into four categories: hot, warm, cold, and cool. A cool nature usually is categorized as a cold nature, and a warm nature is classified as a hot nature. However, the detectable characteristics of the gene expression profile associated with the cold and hot properties have not been studied. To address this question, a strategy for the cross-species annotation of conserved genes was established in the present study by using transcriptome data of 20 HMs with cold and hot properties. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on group-specific expressed genes inferred from the functional genome of the reference species (i.e., Arabidopsis). Results showed that metabolic pathways relevant to chrysoeriol, luteolin, paniculatin, and wogonin were enriched for cold-specific genes, and pathways of inositol, heptadecane, lauric acid, octanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and pentadecanoic acid were enriched for hot-specific genes. Six functional modules were identified in the HMs with the cold property: nucleotide biosynthetic process, peptidy-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation, lipid modification, base-excision repair, dipeptide transport, and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. For the hot HMs, another six functional modules were identified: embryonic meristem development, embryonic pattern specification, axis specification, regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly, mitochondrial RNA modification, and cell redox homeostasis. The research provided a new insight into HMs’ cold and hot properties from the perspective of the gene expression profile of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arong Li
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Guo
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao ZJ, Yip KM, Jiang YG, Ji SL, Ruan JQ, Wang C, Chen HB. Suitability evaluation on material specifications and edible methods of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis based on holistic polysaccharide marker. Chin Med 2020; 15:46. [PMID: 32426031 PMCID: PMC7218507 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis (DC) is a well-known tonic herbal medicine worldwide and has favorable immunomodulatory activity. Various material specifications of DC are available in herbal markets, and DC is ingested by different edible methods. However, whether these specifications and edible methods are suitable or not remains unknown. Methods In this study, we evaluated the suitability of four material specifications (fresh stem, dried stem, fengdou and powder) and three edible methods (making tea, soup and medicinal liquor) based on holistic polysaccharide marker (HPM), the major polysaccharide components in DC. First, the HPMs were extracted from the four specifications of DC by the three edible methods in different conditions. Second, qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracted HPMs was performed using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Third, immunomodulatory activities of the extracted HPMs were evaluated in vivo. Results The results showed that the HPMs were found to be quantitatively different from various specification of DC and edible methods. In vivo analysis indicated that the HPMs exerted positive effects on innate immune responses by increment in proliferation of splenocytes, secretion of IL-2 and cytotoxicity activity of NK cells. Moreover, the dosage amount of HPM should be defined as a certain range, but not the larger the better, for exerting strong immunological activities. Conclusion According to the both chemical and biological results, fengdou by boiling with water for 4 h is the most recommended specification and edible method for DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Cao
- 1School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Man Yip
- 1School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Guo Jiang
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153 China
| | - Shi-Liang Ji
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153 China
| | - Jian-Qing Ruan
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153 China.,3Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153 China.,3Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- 1School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang F, Li R, Tu P, Chen J, Zeng K, Jiang Y. Total Glycosides of Cistanche deserticola Promote Neurological Function Recovery by Inducing Neurovascular Regeneration via Nrf-2/Keap-1 Pathway in MCAO/R Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:236. [PMID: 32256351 PMCID: PMC7089931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional Chinese medicine Cistanche deserticola has been reported to be valid for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, its active components for the protection of ischemic stroke are not clear. We aimed to explore the active components of C. deserticola against ischemic stroke as well as its potential mechanisms. Methods We investigated the brain protective effects of extracts from C. deserticola, total glycosides (TGs), polysaccharides (PSs), and oligosaccharides (OSs) in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R). 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to assess the cerebral infarction volume, and Evans blue assay was adopted to assess the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Then, the expressions CD31, α-SMA, PDGFRβ, SYN, PSD95, MAP-2, ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin, Keap-1, and Nrf-2 were analyzed using western blotting or immunofluorescence, and the activities MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were analyzed using kits. Results TGs treatment remarkably decreased neurological deficit scores and infarction volumes, promoted angiogenesis and neural remodeling, and effectively maintained blood-brain-barrier integrity compared with the model group. Furthermore, TGs significantly decreased MDA levels and increased antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) in brains. Meanwhile, TGs remarkably downregulated Keap-1 expression and facilitated Nrf-2 nuclear translocation. On the contrary, no protective effects were observed for PSs and OSs groups. Conclusion TGs are the main active components of C. deserticola against MCAO/R-induced cerebral injury, and protection is mainly via the Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Feng Q, Li M, Cai Z, Chen Y, Wang L, Teng J, Chen Y, Wang W, Rein G, Tang BQ, Bai X. The Effect of TCM Herbs on Mitochondrial Functions: The Linkage between Qi and Mitochondria. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2020.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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12
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Peng S, Li P, Liu P, Yan H, Wang J, Lu W, Liu C, Zhou Y. Cistanches alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating PPAR-γ-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1345-1359. [PMID: 31802591 PMCID: PMC6991648 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of cistanche on sevoflurane‐induced aged cognitive dysfunction rat model. Aged (24 months) male SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, sevoflurane group, control + cistanche and sevoflurane + cistanche group. Subsequently, inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, and the cognitive dysfunction of rats was evaluated by water maze test, open‐field test and the fear conditioning test. Three days following anaesthesia, the rats were killed and hippocampus was harvested for the analysis of relative biomolecules. The oxidative stress level was indicated as nitrite and MDA concentration, along with the SOD and CAT activity. Finally, PPAR‐γ antagonist was used to explore the mechanism of cistanche in vivo. The results showed that after inhaling the sevoflurane, 24‐ but not 3‐month‐old male SD rats developed obvious cognitive impairments in the behaviour test 3 days after anaesthesia. Intraperitoneal injection of cistanche at the dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days before anaesthesia alleviated the sevoflurane‐induced elevation of neuroinflammation levels and significantly attenuated the hippocampus‐dependent memory impairments in 24‐month‐old rats. Cistanche also reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing nitrite and MDA while increasing the SOD and CAT activity. Moreover, such treatment also inhibited the activation of microglia. In addition, we demonstrated that PPAR‐γ inhibition conversely alleviated cistanche‐induced protective effect. Taken together, we demonstrated that cistanche can exert antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptosis and anti‐activation of microglia effects on the development of sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction by activating PPAR‐γ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Red Cross Cancer Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peirong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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Han L, Meng M, Guo M, Cheng D, Shi L, Wang X, Wang C. Immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from highland barley on immunosuppressive mice models. Food Funct 2019; 10:304-314. [PMID: 30574978 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (BP-1) was extracted and purified from highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and its average molecular weight was about 6.7 × 104 Da. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of BP-1 on the immunosuppressive BALB/c mice model and its molecular mechanism were elucidated. It was found that the weight indexes of spleen and thymus were significantly increased by BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) treatment in the immunosuppressive mice model. The results showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) could significantly increase the number of bone marrow cells (BMC) and peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC) in the immunosuppressive mice model. In addition, the result further confirmed that BP-1 could increase the serum levels of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, so as to improve the immune function of immunosuppressive mice. The results showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) could promote the proliferation of spleen cells and the natural killer (NK) cell activity in vivo. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ELISA results revealed that BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) could enhance the production of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgG and IgM in the spleen of immunosuppressive mice. The HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained histopathological images showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) could repair the damage induced by CTX in the spleen cells of immunosuppressive mice. The result of macrophages showed that BP-1 (80 mg kg-1 and 160 mg kg-1) could promote the proliferation and phagocytosis activity of macrophages in immunosuppressive mice. Furthermore, BP-1 could activate macrophages by the TLR-4, TRAF6, TAK1 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 pathways in vivo. These results suggested that BP-1 has a remarkable immunomodulatory activity on the immunosuppressive mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety", Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China.
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14
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Huang Y, Yao P, Leung KW, Wang H, Kong XP, Wang L, Dong TTX, Chen Y, Tsim KWK. The Yin-Yang Property of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Relates to Chemical Composition but Not Anti-Oxidative Activity: An Illustration Using Spleen-Meridian Herbs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1304. [PMID: 30498446 PMCID: PMC6249273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
"Yin-Yang" and "Five Elements" theories are the basis theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). To probe and clarify the theoretical basis of these ancient Chinese wisdoms, extensive efforts have been taken, however, without a full success. In the classification of TCM herbs, hot, cold and neutral herbs are believed to possess distinct profile of chemical compositions of which the compounds should have different polarity and mass: this view provides a new perspective for further illustration. To understand the chemical properties of TCMs in the classification of "Yin-Yang" and "Five Elements," 15 commonly used herbs attributed to spleen-meridian were selected for analyses. Chemically standardized water extracts, 50% ethanol extracts and 90% ethanol extracts were prepared and subjected to different analytic measurements. Principle component analysis (PCA) of full spectrum of HPLC, NMR and LC-MS of the extracts were established. The results revealed that the LC-MS profile showed a strong correlation with the "Yin-Yang" classification criterion. The Yang-stimulating herbs generally contain more compounds with lower molecular weight and less polar property. Additionally, a comprehensive anti-oxidative profiles of selected herbs were developed, and the results showed that its correlation with cold and hot properties of TCM, however, was rather low. Taken together, the "Yin-Yang" nature of TCM is closely related to the physical properties of the ingredients, such as polarity and molecular mass; while such classification has little correlation with anti-oxidative property. Therefore, the present results provide a new direction in probing the basic principle of TCM classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Wing Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Peng Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Long Wang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yicun Chen
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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15
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Han L, Lei H, Tian Z, Wang X, Cheng D, Wang C. The immunomodulatory activity and mechanism of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) on immunosuppressive mice models. Food Funct 2018; 9:3254-3263. [PMID: 29785433 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the immunosuppressive BALB/c mice model and its molecular mechanism are elucidated. It was found that the weight indexes of the spleen and thymus were significantly increased by DHA (44.0 mg kg-1 and 88.0 mg kg-1) treatment in the prevention or cure groups. The result of macrophages showed that DHA (44.0 mg kg-1 and 88.0 mg kg-1) could promote the proliferation and phagocytosis activity of macrophages in the prevention or cure groups. In addition, DHA could activate macrophages by the G-protein coupled cell membrane receptor GPR120- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 pathway in vivo. The result of the spleen showed that DHA (44.0 mg kg-1 and 88.0 mg kg-1) could promote the proliferation of spleen cells and the natural killer (NK) cells activity in vivo. In the prevention or cure groups, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results revealed that DHA (44.0 mg kg-1 and 88.0 mg kg-1) could enhance the production of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the spleen of immunosuppressive mice. The HE (hematoxylin and eosin) stained histopathological images showed that DHA could repair the damage induced by CTX in the spleen cells of the prevention or cure groups. These results suggested that DHA has a remarkable immunomodulatory activity on the immunosuppressive mice model in the prevention or cure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Han
- "State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety", Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China.
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16
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Tseng HH, Yeh WC, Tu YC, Yang BF, Lai YT, Lee HK, Yang YC, Huang HC, Lee YJ, Ou CC, Kuo HP, Kuo YH, Kao MC, Liu JY. Proteomic profiling of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract-induced adipogenesis displaying browning features. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1643-1666. [PMID: 29683472 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma is classified as a top grade traditional Chinese medicine for promoting human health by regulating 'vital energy'. Its potency towards metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly, metabolic adaptations of adipocytes, needs to be re-evaluated through an evidence-based study. Here, the triterpenoid-rich Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract (GTEE) was found to contribute towards adipogenesis accompanied with elevated intracellular lipid metabolic flux. Additionally, proteomic profiling revealed GTEE-upregulated mitochondrial remodeling and chemical energy redox modifications, which display UCP1-positive browning fat-selective features and a NADH-mediated adaptive mechanism. GTEE-treated mice with diet-induced obesity also resulted in the amelioration of white adipocyte hypertrophy and the appearance of UCP1-positive browning adipocytes. Our novel findings unravel that GTEE could promote intracellular metabolic flexibility and plasticity followed by the induction of adipocyte browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hsueh Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chun Yeh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chen Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bi-Fen Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ting Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Kuang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yo-Chang Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chih Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Peng Kuo
- Research and Development Unit, Sinphar Group, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jah-Yao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Han L, Yu J, Chen Y, Cheng D, Wang X, Wang C. Immunomodulatory Activity of Docosahexenoic Acid on RAW264.7 Cells Activation through GPR120-Mediated Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:926-934. [PMID: 29307174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidated the immunomodulatory activity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on protein expression in RAW264.7 cells and its molecular mechanism. The results showed that the proliferation index of RAW264.7 cells at 48 h was about 173.03 ± 7.82% after the treatment of 2.4 μM DHA. DHA could activate RAW264.7 cells by the G-protein coupled cell membrane receptor GPR120-C-Raf- mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 pathway. In addition, 2.4 μM of DHA could significantly increase (P < 0.01) the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is consistent with the result of the NO release. ELISA results revealed that DHA could enhance the protein expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β. These results indicated that the immunomodulatory mechanism of RAW264.7 cells by DHA was associated with the release of NO and cytokines by stimulating the GPR120, C-Raf, and MAPKs to the NF-κB p65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
| | - Dai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China
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18
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Leong PK, Leung HY, Chan WM, Ko KM. Differences in the Mechanisms by Which Yang-Invigorating and Qi-Invigorating Chinese Tonifying Herbs Stimulate Mitochondrial ATP Generation Capacity. Chin Med 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2018.92005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Petelinc T, Medved M, Polak T, Jamnik P. Caffeic Acid Esters Affect Intracellular Oxidation and Vitality of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of four esters of caffeic acid, caffeic acid methanol ester (CAME), caffeic acid ethanol ester (CAEE), caffeic acid isopropyl ester (CAIPE) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on intracellular oxidation, vitality and viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryotic organism was investigated. Results showed that each ester showed its own behavior at the concentrations tested. For CAPE, CAIPE and CAEE decreased intracellular oxidation and simultaneously increased cellular vitality with no changes in cellular viability compared to the control were determined. Additionally, a combination of CAIPE or CAPE with ethanolic propolis extract was observed to be more effective in decreasing intracellular oxidation compared to propolis extract alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Petelinc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Medved
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Polak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jia JX, Yan XS, Cai ZP, Song W, Huo DS, Zhang BF, Wang H, Yang ZJ. The effects of phenylethanoid glycosides, derived from Herba cistanche, on cognitive deficits and antioxidant activities in male SAMP8 mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1180-1186. [PMID: 28880744 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1367097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are closely associated with hippocampal synaptic changes. Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhG), derived from Herba cistanche, are known to exert protective effects on cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms of this herbal extract on cognitive performance remain unclear. The aim of this study was thus to examine the protective mechanism attributed to PhG on cognitive deficits in an AD senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Cognitive deficit parameters examined included (1) Morris water maze (MWM) assessing cognitive performance and (2) quantification of dendritic spine density in hippocampal CA1 region by Golgi staining, a molecular biomarker of synaptic function. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined to examine the potential role of oxidant processes in cognitive dysfunction. Data showed that PhG significantly decreased escape latency and path length, associated with a rise in the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant and number of platform crossings. In addition, PhG significantly increased dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 region accompanied by elevated expression levels of synaptophysin (SYN) and post synaptic density 95 (PSD-95), reduced MDA content, and elevated the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Data suggest that the ability of PhG to ameliorate cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice may be related to promotion in synaptic plasticity involving antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Jia
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Xu-Sheng Yan
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Zhi-Ping Cai
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Wei Song
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huo
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - Bai-Feng Zhang
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
| | - He Wang
- b School of Health Sciences , University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Zhan-Jun Yang
- a Department of Human Anatomy , Baotou Medical College , Inner Mongolia , China
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Characterization of the therapeutic properties of Chinese herbal materials by measuring delayed luminescence and dendritic cell-based immunomodulatory response. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tang-Luo-Ning Improves Mitochondrial Antioxidase Activity in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Diabetic Rats: A Proteomics Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8176089. [PMID: 28133612 PMCID: PMC5241458 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8176089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tang-luo-ning (TLN) is a traditional Chinese herbal recipe for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, we investigated mitochondrial protein profiles in a diabetic rat model and explored the potential protective effect of TLN. Diabetic rats were established by injection of streptozocin (STZ) and divided into model, alpha lipoic acid (ALA), and TLN groups. Mitochondrial proteins were isolated from dorsal root ganglia and proteomic analysis was used to quantify the differentially expressed proteins. Tang-luo-ning mitigated STZ-induced diabetic symptoms and blood glucose level, including response time to cold or hot stimulation and nerve conductive velocity. As compared to the normal, there were 388 differentially expressed proteins in the TLN group, 445 in ALA group, and 451 in model group. As compared to the model group, there were 275 differential proteins in TLN group and 251 in ALA group. As compared to model group, mitochondrial complex III was significantly decreased, while glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase were increased in TLN group. When compared with ALA group, the mitochondrial complex III was increased, and mitochondrial complex IV was decreased in TLN group. Together, TLN should have a strong antioxidative activity, which appears to be modulated through regulation of respiratory complexes and antioxidases.
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Zhou L, Zhou J, Jiang J, Yang Y, Huang Q, Yan D, Xu L, Chai Y, Chong L, Sun Z. Reproductive toxicity of ZishenYutai pill in rats: Perinatal and postnatal development study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Doskocil I, Havlik J, Verlotta R, Tauchen J, Vesela L, Macakova K, Opletal L, Kokoska L, Rada V. In vitro immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxicity and chemistry of some central European polypores. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2369-2376. [PMID: 26984176 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1156708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Some mushrooms of the order Polyporales are known for their immunomodulatory actions. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro phagocytic and cytotoxic effects of extracts from polyporales native to Central Europe. Materials and methods The effects of ethanol extracts from 27 polypore species on opsonized zymosan-induced phagocytosis of isolated human neutrophils were tested by a chemiluminescence method. Colon epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were used for cytotoxicity assays, and extracts were chemically characterized in terms of total phenolic and β-glucan content. Results We observed phagocytosis or respiratory burst enhancing activity in 17 extracts, of which five species, namely Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst, Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., significantly increased phagocytosis in granulocytes by 205, 181, 158, 155 and 141%, respectively. The β-glucan content of the three most potent extracts was 58, 42 and 74 mg/g, respectively, and the polyphenol content was 155.6, 133.5 and 155.2 μmol of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Some extracts showed cytotoxic activity, with higher cytotoxicity in Caco-2 than in HT-29 cells. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines, with IC50 values of 81 and 31 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The most promising extracts were from N. lepideus and Polyporus squamosus, which are edible species and may be considered safe. Our findings support their use as culinary preparations or food supplements for various immunological gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Doskocil
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Verlotta
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Vesela
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Geriatrics and Practical Medicine, Faculty Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Macakova
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Opletal
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- b Department of Crop Science and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- a Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Praha , Suchdol , Czech Republic
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Gu C, Yang X, Huang L. Cistanches Herba: A Neuropharmacology Review. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:289. [PMID: 27703431 PMCID: PMC5028387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanches Herba (family Orobanchaceae), commonly known as “desert ginseng” or Rou Cong Rong, is a global genus and commonly used for its neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, kidney impotence, laxative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects in traditional herbal formulations in North Africa, Arabic, and Asian countries. The major bioactive compound present in this plant is phenylethanoid glycosides. In recent years, there has been great important in scientific investigation of the neuropharmacological effects of the bioactive compounds. The in vitro and in vivo studies suggests these compounds demonstrate neuropharmacological activities against a wide range of complex nervous system diseases which occurs through different mechanisms include improving immunity function and kidney aging, anti-lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radical, inducing the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. This review aims to summaries the various neuropharmacological effects and mechanisms of Cistanches Herba extracts and related compounds, including its efficacy as a cure for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease with reference to the published literature. Which provides guidance for further research on the clinical application of Cistanches Herba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Xianying Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
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Wat E, Ng CF, Koon CM, Wong ECW, Tomlinson B, Lau CBS. The protective effect of Herba Cistanches on statin-induced myotoxicity in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:68-73. [PMID: 27286913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herba Cistanches (HC, Cistanche deserticola or Cistanche tubulosa) is a Chinese herb traditionally used for muscle problems. Previous studies demonstrated that HC extract could reduce muscle damage and improve ATP storage in post-exercised rats. However, its effect on statin-induced muscle toxicity has never been investigated. AIM The objective of this study was to determine if the aqueous extract of HC (HCE) could prevent simvastatin-induced toxicity in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells; and whether verbascoside is the major bioactive constituent which contributes to the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT was performed to determine the effects of HCE (0-2000µg/ml) or verbascoside (0-160µM) on simvastatin (10µM)-treated L6 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay and Caspase 3 assay were performed to determine the protective role of HCE on simvastatin-induced cell death, and to evaluate if HCE exerted its protective effect through the caspase pathway. ATP production was measured to investigate if HCE could prevent simvastatin-induced reduction in ATP production in vitro. RESULTS Simvastatin significantly increased apoptotic cell death in L6 cells. HCE significantly exerted a dose-dependent reduction on simvastatin-induced apoptotic cells, possibly via caspase-3 pathway. Simvastatin reduced the ATP production in L6 cells, which was dose-dependently prevented by HCE. There was only a trend but not significant effect (except at high dose) of verbascoside on the protection of simvastatin-induced muscle toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that HCE could exert dose-dependent protective effect on simvastatin-induced toxicity in vitro, which was unlikely due to the presence of verbascoside. Our study suggested the potential use of HC under the situation of simvastatin-induced muscle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Chun Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Hirsch KR, Smith-Ryan AE, Roelofs EJ, Trexler ET, Mock MG. Cordyceps militaris Improves Tolerance to High-Intensity Exercise After Acute and Chronic Supplementation. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:42-53. [PMID: 27408987 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1203386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of a mushroom blend containing Cordyceps militaris on high-intensity exercise after 1 and 3 weeks of supplementation. Twenty-eight individuals (Mean ± standard deviation [SD]; Age = 22.7 ± 4.1 yrs; Height = 175.4 ± 8.7 cm; Weight = 71.6 ± 12.0 kg) participated in this randomized, repeated measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), time to exhaustion (TTE), and ventilatory threshold (VT) were measured during a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Relative peak power output (RPP), average power output (AvgP), and percent drop (%drop) were recorded during a 3 minute maximal cycle test with resistance at 4.5% body weight. Subjects consumed 4 g·d-1 mushroom blend (MR) or maltodextrin (PL) for 1 week. Ten volunteers supplemented for an additional 2 weeks. Exercise tests were separated by at least 48 hours and repeated following supplementation periods. One week of supplementation elicited no significant time × treatment interaction for VO2max (p = 0.364), VT (p = 0.514), TTE (p = 0.540), RPP (p = 0.134), AvgP (p = 0.398), or %drop (p = 0.823). After 3 weeks, VO2max significantly improved (p = 0.042) in MR (+4.8 ml·kg-1·min-1), but not PL (+0.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Analysis of 95% confidence intervals revealed significant improvements in TTE after 1- (+28.1 s) and 3 weeks (+69.8 s) in MR, but not PL, with additional improvements in VO2max (+4.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) and VT (+0.7 l·min-1) after 3 weeks. Acute supplementation with a Cordyceps militaris containing mushroom blend may improve tolerance to high-intensity exercise; greater benefits may be elicited with consistent chronic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Hirsch
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Lab , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Lab , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Erica J Roelofs
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Lab , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,c Nutrition, Health, and Human Performance Department , Meredith College , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Eric T Trexler
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Lab , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Meredith G Mock
- a Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Lab , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Wat E, Ng CF, Wong ECW, Koon CM, Lau CP, Cheung DWS, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Leung PC. The hepatoprotective effect of the combination use of Fructus Schisandrae with statin--A preclinical evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:104-114. [PMID: 26666731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Schisandrae is traditionally used as a liver-toning Chinese herb. Recent studies suggested Fructus Schisandrae could prevent high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis as well as improving anti-oxidative status within the liver, which is a proposed mechanism against statin-induced liver toxicity. AIM The aim of the present study was to determine if the combination use of Atorvastatin (AS) and Fructus Schisandrae aqueous extract (FSE) could (a) exert potent therapeutic effects not only on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, but also on hepatomegaly (enlarge of liver size) and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver); and (b) reduce side effects caused by intake of statin alone including increased incidence of elevated liver enzymes and liver toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 5 groups of Sprague Dawley rats that were given the following treatment for 8 weeks: (i) Normal-chow diet; (ii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol); (iii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.3% Atorvastatin; (iv) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.45% FSE; (v) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.3% Atorvastatin+0.45% FSE. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight, adipose tissue and liver mass were measured, and liver and plasma lipid levels were determined to evaluate to effect of FSE with or without AS treatment on diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Liver enzyme activities, anti-oxidative status and membrane permeability transition were also assessed to determine if FSE could reduce the side effects induced by AS. RESULTS From the results, FSE treatment alone resulted in significant inhibitory effect on diet-induced increase in: (a) body weight; (b) fat pad mass (epididymal, perirenal and inguinal fat); (c) liver weight; (d) total liver lipid; (e) liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels; and (f) plasma lipid levels, suggesting FSE has a potential preventive beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity. However, FSE supplementation exerted no further beneficial effect on diet-induced metabolic syndrome when it is combined with AS treatment, compared with rats given AS-treatment alone. At the dose of 0.45%, dietary FSE supplementation resulted in: (a) reduced liver enzymes (ALT and AST) levels; (b) reduced macrophage infiltration (CD68); (c) improved liver glutathione levels (anti-oxidative status); (d) reduced liver reactive oxidative species; (e) a trend to reduce calcium-induced membrane permeability transition within the liver. Most importantly, these improvements induced by FSE treatment were not only observed in the livers of rats given high-fat-diet, but also in high-fat-fed rats with atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggested FSE has a potential beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity, and the combination use of FSE with AS could significantly prevent liver toxicity and anti-oxidative status induced by AS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chun Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Eric Chun Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ching Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - David Wing Shing Cheung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Yang X, Hao J, Zhu CH, Niu YY, Ding XL, Liu C, Wu XZ. Survival Benefits of Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1008. [PMID: 26131801 PMCID: PMC4504629 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most common complementary and alternative medicines used in the treatment of patients with cancer worldwide. However, the clinical effect of TCM on patients with pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore the efficacy of TCM on selected patients with pancreatic cancer and to study the usefulness of multimodality treatment, including TCM and western medicine (WM), in pancreatic cancer.From January 2009 to October 2013, 107 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the differences in survival time. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine survival trends adjusted for clinical and demographic factors.Cox regression analysis suggested that elevated CA19-9 levels (P = 0.048), number of cycles of chemotherapy (P = 0.014), and TCM were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.001). The survival hazards ratio of TCM was 0.419 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.261-0.671). The median overall survival (OS) was 19 months for patients with TCM treatment, while the median OS was 8 months for those without TCM treatment (P < 0.001). Patients who received multimodality treatment using TCM and WM had the best prognosis with a median OS of 19 months (P < 0.001). Patients with heat-clearing, diuresis-promoting and detoxification TCM treatment had a longer survival time (32.4 months) than those with blood-activating and stasis-dissolving (9.8 months) and tonifying qi and yang treatment (6.1 months; P = 0.008).These results indicate that TCM has an important potential value for improving the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, and multimodality treatment, including TCM and WM, leads to the best prognosis. More importantly, we suggest that heat-clearing, diuresis-promoting, and detoxification TCM treatment may improve the efficacy of TCM in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- From Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China (XY, JH, Y-YN, X-LD, X-ZW); Zhong-Shan-Men In-Patient Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (C-HZ, CL)
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Yang/Qi invigoration: an herbal therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome with yang deficiency? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:945901. [PMID: 25763095 PMCID: PMC4339790 DOI: 10.1155/2015/945901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, Yang and Qi are driving forces of biological activities in the human body. Based on the crucial role of the mitochondrion in energy metabolism, we propose an extended view of Yang and Qi in the context of mitochondrion-driven cellular and body function. It is of interest that the clinical manifestations of Yang/Qi deficiencies in TCM resemble those of chronic fatigue syndrome in Western medicine, which is pathologically associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. By virtue of their ability to enhance mitochondrial function and its regulation, Yang- and Qi-invigorating tonic herbs, such as Cistanches Herba and Schisandrae Fructus, may therefore prove to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome with Yang deficiency.
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Pahnke J, Langer O, Krohn M. Alzheimer's and ABC transporters--new opportunities for diagnostics and treatment. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:54-60. [PMID: 24746857 PMCID: PMC4199932 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much has been said about the increasing number of demented patients and the main risk factor 'age'. Frustratingly, we do not know the precise pattern and all modulating factors that provoke the pathologic changes in the brains of affected elderly. We have to diagnose early to be able to stop the progression of diseases that irreversibly destroy brain substance. Familiar AD cases have mislead some researchers for almost 20 years, which has unfortunately narrowed the scientific understanding and has, thus, lead to insufficient funding of independent approaches. Therefore, basic researchers hardly have been able to develop causative treatments and clinicians still do not have access to prognostic and early diagnostic tools. During the recent years it became clear that insufficient Aβ export, physiologically facilitated by the ABC transporter superfamily at the brain's barriers, plays a fundamental role in disease initiation and progression. Furthermore, export mechanisms that are deficient in affected elderly are new targets for activation and, thus, treatment, but ideally also for prevention. In sporadic AD disturbed clearance of β-amyloid from the brain is so far the most important factor for its accumulation in the parenchyma and vessel walls. Here, we review findings about the contribution of ABC transporters and of the perivascular drainage/glymphatic system on β-amyloid clearance. We highlight their potential value for innovative early diagnostics using PET and describe recently described, effective ABC transporter-targeting agents as potential causative treatment for neurodegenerative proteopathies/dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Pahnke
- Neurodegeneration Research Lab (NRL), Department of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Bldg. 64, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Bldg. 64, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Langer
- Health and Environment Department, AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger-Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Krohn
- Neurodegeneration Research Lab (NRL), Department of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Bldg. 64, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Nigar Z, Itrat M. Evaluation of a Unani polyherbal formulation (Tiryaqe wabai) as an immunostimulator in elderly persons. Anc Sci Life 2014; 33:119-22. [PMID: 25284946 PMCID: PMC4171853 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.139054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Elderly subjects have a dysregulation of immune response mainly due to the changes in cell - mediated immunity. Due to their weakened immune response, the elderly are at increased risk of infection and related complications. In Unani medicine Tiryaq wabai was used for the prevention of epidemic diseases during outbreaks, but it has not been explored scientifically so far. The study was aimed to evaluate the immune-stimulating effect of Tiryaq wabai in elderly. Materials and Methods: A randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted at National Institute of Unani Medicine Hospital, Bangalore. Thirty immunocompromised elderly persons were selected on the basis of clinical examination considering parameters like history of recurrent infection, unexplained weight loss, persistent diarrhea etc. They were randomly assigned, 20 in test and 10 in the control group. Tiryaq wabai was given to test group 500 mg orally thrice in a week for 45 days. Placebo was given orally to the control group at a dose of 500 mg thrice in a week for 45 days. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), CD4 and CD8 count. The results were analyzed statistically using Graph Pad InStat 3. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P < 0.001), lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.001),ALC (P < 0.001), CD4 count (P < 0.001) in comparison to control group, but increase in CD8 count was not statistically significant. No major adverse effect was observed throughout the study. Conclusion: The findings outlined above indicate immune- stimulating activity of Tiryaq wabai and supports its use in conditions where immunostimulation is required and thus is suggestive of therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zar Nigar
- Departments of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Malik Itrat
- Departments of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Lu Y, Zhang XL, Xie L, Li TJ, He Y, Peng QL, Deng Y, Wang J, Qin X, Li S. Lack of Association Between CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4071-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gilca M, Gaman L, Lixandru D, Stoian I. Estimating the yin-yang nature of Western herbs: a potential tool based on antioxidation-oxidation theory. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2014; 11:210-6. [PMID: 25371584 PMCID: PMC4202440 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest obstacles to progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) development in Western countries is the difficulty of applying the traditional concepts to the Western medicinal plants, which are not traditionally described in ancient literature. During recent years, new advances in the field of understanding Yin/Yang aspects from a modern bioscientific point of view have led to the conclusion that antioxidationoxidation concepts might mirror a Yin-Yang relationship. METHODS This study was intended to integrate the Yin-Yang theory of the traditional Chinese medicine with modern antioxidation-oxidation theory, and to propose a biochemical tool based on redox parameters (e.g. antioxidant capacity, chemiluminescence-CL signal inducing capacity), usable for the classification of Western medicinal plants from Yin/Yang perspective. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of six vegetal aqueous extracts (Symphitum officinalae (radix)-SYM, Inula helenium (radix)-INU, Calendula officinalis (flores)-CAL, Angelica arhanghelica (folium)ANG(F), Angelica arhanghelica (radix)-ANG(R), Ecbalium Elaterium (fruits)-ECB) and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL on addition of these vegetal extracts were measured. Percentages from the maximal or minimal values obtained were calculated for each extract (TEAC%, PMNL stimulation%, PMNL inhibition%, relative speed of action% (RSA%%)), specific Yin-Yang significance was assigned to each relative parameter. In the end, an integration of all the relative values was done, in order to find a global "Yin" or a "Yang" trait of each vegetal extract. RESULTS TEAC decreased in the following order: SYM > INU > CAL >ANG(F) > ANG(R > ECB. Three vegetal extracts (SYM > INU > ECB) decreased the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of PMNL, two (ANG(R) > ANG(F)) increased it, while one (CAL) had a dual effect. After the integration of the percentages, CAL was found to have a global "Yang" trait, while the rest of the plants had a global "Yin" trait. CONCLUSIONS TEAC% and PMNL inhibition% appears to correlate with the Yin properties of herbs, while PMNL stimulation% and RSA% might correlate with Yang aspects within the formal TCM classification system, and may be useful criteria in describing the Western herbs from a TCM point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gilca
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Gaman
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Lixandru
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stoian
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of General Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, B-dul " Eroilor Sanitari" nr.8, sector 6, code 76241, Bucharest, Romania ; R&D IRIST LABMED SRL, Str. Miraslau, nr. 24, sector 3, code 031235, Bucharest, Romania
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Wang Y, Kong CZ, Zhang Z, Yang CM, Li J. Relationships between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:171-81. [PMID: 24552248 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims at evaluating the relationships between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched from inception through November 1st, 2013 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the STATA 12.0 software. The relationships were evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eight case-control studies with a total of 2120 bladder cancer patients and 2061 healthy subjects met the inclusion criteria. Ten common polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 gene were assessed. The results of our meta-analysis suggested that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms might be strongly correlated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (allele model: OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.08-1.39, p=0.001; dominant model: OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.07-1.46, p=0.005; respectively), especially for 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms. A subgroup analysis was done to investigate the effect of ethnicity on an individual's risk of bladder cancer. Our results revealed positive significant correlations between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and an increased risk of bladder cancer among Asians (allele model: OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.08-1.65, p=0.009; dominant model: OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.02-1.85, p=0.034; respectively), but not among Caucasians (all p<0.05). Our findings provide convincing evidence that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer, especially for 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Mohd Fauzi F, Koutsoukas A, Lowe R, Joshi K, Fan TP, Glen RC, Bender A. Chemogenomics Approaches to Rationalizing the Mode-of-Action of Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic Medicines. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:661-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ci3005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia, 40 450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alexios Koutsoukas
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lowe
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Building, 4 Newark Street,
London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical
Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Glen
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Unilever Centre
for Molecular
Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road,
Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Akpera MT, Oguntayo BO, Jombo GTA. Impact of Ganogerma applanatum extraction on haematological profiles of laboratory rats: a preliminary study in Nigeria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu YQ, Cheng MC, Wang LX, Zhao N, Xiao HB, Wang ZT. Functional Analysis of Cultured Neural Cells for Evaluating Cold/Cool- and Hot/Warm-Natured Chinese Herbs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:771-81. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, modern scientific research has been required to understand pharmacological basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory based on the ancient clinical experience, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of Chinese herbs. Here, 20 Chinese herbs, classified into 4 properties (hot, warm, cold and cool) of TCM, were analyzed for their ability to exhibit antioxidant action, to enhance glucose uptake by murine microglia N9 cells, and to influence neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) release from rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. We found a generally protective effect of both hot/warm-natured and cold/cool-natured herbs against H 2 O 2-induced N9 cell death, partially by elevating superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Glucose uptake was elevated after treatment with some hot/warm-natured herbs. In addition, most herbs with hot/warm nature tended to stimulate NE release, while such stimulatory effect was not observed in the herbs with cold/cool nature. Two cold/cool-natured herbs, Rhizoma coptidis and Radix scutellariae, even significantly suppressed the release. These results suggest that the distinct abilities of Chinese herbs to regulate neural cell functions appear to be correlated with their natures identified in traditional TCM theory, and may be a useful guide for their utility in neural degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meng-Chun Cheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Long-Xing Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xiao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai Universtiy of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China
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mt A, bo O, gta J. Impact of G. applanatum, a multifunctional herbal extract on haematological profiles of laboratory rats: a preliminary study in Nigeria. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lam PY, Wong HS, Chen J, Ko KM. A Hypothetical Anti-Aging Mechanism of “Yang-Invigorating” Chinese Tonic Herbs. Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.31012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Moncayo R. Reflections on the theory of "silver bullet" octreotide tracers: implications for ligand-receptor interactions in the age of peptides, heterodimers, receptor mosaics, truncated receptors, and multifractal analysis. EJNMMI Res 2011; 1:9. [PMID: 22214590 PMCID: PMC3251005 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical attitude of Nuclear Medicine practitioners on matters of peptide-receptor interactions has maintained an intrinsic monogamic character since many years. New advances in the field of biochemistry and even in clinical Nuclear Medicine have challenged this type of thinking, which prompted me to work on this review. The central issue of this paper will be the use of somatostatin analogs, i.e., octreotide, in clinical imaging procedures as well as in relation to neuroendocirne tumors. Newly described characteristics of G-protein coupled receptors such as the formation of receptor mosaics will be discussed. A small section will enumerate the regulatory processes found in the cell membrane. Possible new interpretations, other than tumor detection, based on imaging procedures with somatostatin analogs will be presented. The readers will be taken to situations such as inflammation, nociception, mechanosensing, chemosensing, fibrosis, taste, and vascularity where somatostatin is involved. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy will be used as a model for the development of multi-agent therapeutics. The final graphical summary depicts the multifactorial properties of ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Moncayo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Smith AE, Fukuda DH, Kendall KL, Stout JR. The effects of a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, creatine, and amino acids during three weeks of high-intensity exercise on aerobic and anaerobic performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7:10. [PMID: 20156347 PMCID: PMC2854104 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel design study was used to examine the effects of a pre-workout supplement combined with three weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic and anaerobic running performance, training volume, and body composition. Methods Twenty-four moderately-trained recreational athletes (mean ± SD age = 21.1 ± 1.9 yrs; stature = 172.2 ± 8.7 cm; body mass = 66.2 ± 11.8 kg, VO2max = 3.21 ± 0.85 l·min-1, percent body fat = 19.0 ± 7.1%) were assigned to either the active supplement (GT, n = 13) or placebo (PL, n = 11) group. The active supplement (Game Time®, Corr-Jensen Laboratories Inc., Aurora, CO) was 18 g of powder, 40 kcals, and consisted of a proprietary blend including whey protein, cordyceps sinensis, creatine, citrulline, ginseng, and caffeine. The PL was also 18 g of powder, 40 kcals, and consisted of only maltodextrin, natural and artificial flavors and colors. Thirty minutes prior to all testing and training sessions, participants consumed their respective supplements mixed with 8-10 oz of water. Both groups participated in a three-week HIIT program three days per week, and testing was conducted before and after the training. Cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) was assessed using open circuit spirometry (Parvo-Medics TrueOne® 2400 Metabolic Measurement System, Sandy, UT) during graded exercise tests on a treadmill (Woodway, Pro Series, Waukesha, WI). Also, four high-speed runs to exhaustion were conducted at 110, 105, 100, and 90% of the treadmill velocity recorded during VO2max, and the distances achieved were plotted over the times-to-exhaustion. Linear regression was used to determine the slopes (critical velocity, CV) and y-intercepts (anaerobic running capacity, ARC) of these relationships to assess aerobic and anaerobic performances, respectively. Training volumes were tracked by summing the distances achieved during each training session for each subject. Percent body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed with air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD®, Life Measurement, Inc., Concord, CA). Results Both GT and PL groups demonstrated a significant (p = 0.028) increase in VO2max from pre- to post-training resulting in a 10.3% and 2.9% improvement, respectively. CV increased (p = 0.036) for the GT group by 2.9%, while the PL group did not change (p = 0.256; 1.7% increase). ARC increased for the PL group by 22.9% and for the GT group by 10.6%. Training volume was 11.6% higher for the GT versus PL group (p = 0.041). %BF decreased from 19.3% to 16.1% for the GT group and decreased from 18.0% to 16.8% in the PL group (p = 0.178). LBM increased from 54.2 kg to 55.4 kg (p = 0.035) for the GT group and decreased from 52.9 kg to 52.4 kg in the PL group (p = 0.694). Conclusion These results demonstrated improvements in VO2max, CV, and LBM when GT is combined with HIIT. Three weeks of HIIT alone also augmented anaerobic running performance, VO2max and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Smith
- Metabolic and Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Zhou X, Gong Z, Su Y, Lin J, Tang K. Cordyceps fungi: natural products, pharmacological functions and developmental products. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.03.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Un C, Cheang L, Lei J, Leung SW, Yeung HW. Chinese Medicine (CM) matters. Chin Med 2008; 3:16. [PMID: 19040725 PMCID: PMC2607278 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yuen JWM, Gohel MDI. The dual roles of Ganoderma antioxidants on urothelial cell DNA under carcinogenic attack. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:324-330. [PMID: 18550308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Ganoderma lucidum possesses significant antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. The effects of Lingzhi antioxidants on oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress were investigated, in order to understand their roles in bladder chemoprevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant-enhanced extracts were tested, in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) inhibition, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, and cytotoxicity, using an in vitro pre-cancerous human uroepithelial cell (HUC-PC) tumorigenic model. RESULTS Water-soluble extract (GLw) possesses relatively higher antioxidant capacities than the water-insoluble counterpart (GLe); however, under the challenge of carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), GLw reduced the 8-OHdG concentration in HUC-PC culture, while GLe induced the formation of H(2)O(2) and 8-OHdG in a dose-dependent manner. The modern theory of antioxidant-oxidant balance seems to obey the theory of Yin-Yang in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). CONCLUSIONS Water-soluble and water-insoluble components of Ganoderma lucidum exhibited dual roles in oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative DNA damage may be an underlying mechanism of Lingzhi-induced apoptosis in bladder chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Yuen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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The effects of Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae extracts on bones. Chin Med 2007; 2:13. [PMID: 18093297 PMCID: PMC2206024 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizoma Curculiginis (Xianmao) and Rhizoma Drynariae (Gusuibu) are 'Yang-tonifying' traditional Chinese herbal medicines used to strengthen bones. This investigation aims to assess the systemic effect of extracts of Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae on bone histomorphology and formation, and their local effect on bone healing. Methods For the investigation of the systemic effect, thirty 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: (1) control group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water; (2) Rhizoma Curculiginis group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water mixed with Rhizoma Curculiginis extract; (3) Rhizoma Drynarie group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water mixed with Rhizoma Drynarie extract. The mice were fed for five weeks before sacrifice. Twenty micro-tomographic slices with an increment of 0.25 mm were prepared to cover the proximal end of the left tibia of each mouse. Quantitative morphometry of the bone structure was performed. For the investigation of the local effect on bone healing, two bone defects (5 × 10 mm) were created in the parietal bone of each of the three New Zealand white rabbits. Two defects in the first animal were grafted with collagen matrix with Rhizoma Curculiginis extract; two defects in the second animal were grafted with collagen matrix with Rhizoma Drynarie extract; two defects in the third (control) animal were grafted with collagen matrix alone. The animals were sacrificed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological and ultrastructural assessment. Results Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae extracts altered the bone histomorphology, both increasing the trabecular number by 10% (P = 0.002). Rhizoma Curculiginis extract increased bone density by 3.13% (P = 0.122) and Rhizoma Drynariae extract increased bone density by 6.45% (P = 0.005). Both Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae extracts induced new bone formation on the margins of the defects. Conclusion Two 'Yang-tonifying' herbs, Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae, were demonstrated to have systemic effects on bone histomorphology and formation as well as local bone healing.
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