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von Maydell D, Wright S, Bonner JM, Staab C, Spitaleri A, Liu L, Pao PC, Yu CJ, Scannail AN, Li M, Boix CA, Mathys H, Leclerc G, Menchaca GS, Welch G, Graziosi A, Leary N, Samaan G, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Single-cell atlas of ABCA7 loss-of-function reveals impaired neuronal respiration via choline-dependent lipid imbalances. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556135. [PMID: 38979214 PMCID: PMC11230156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio ∼2), yet the pathogenic mechanisms and the neural cell types affected by these variants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed single-nuclear RNA sequencing of 36 human post-mortem samples from the prefrontal cortex of 12 ABCA7 LoF carriers and 24 matched non-carrier control individuals. ABCA7 LoF was associated with gene expression changes in all major cell types. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed transcriptional changes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell cycle-related pathways, and synaptic signaling. ABCA7 LoF-associated transcriptional changes in neurons were similarly perturbed in carriers of the common AD missense variant ABCA7 p.Ala1527Gly (n = 240 controls, 135 carriers), indicating that findings from our study may extend to large portions of the at-risk population. Consistent with ABCA7's function as a lipid exporter, lipidomic analysis of isogenic iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) revealed profound intracellular triglyceride accumulation in ABCA7 LoF, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphatidylcholine abundance. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses of iNs further indicated that ABCA7 LoF was associated with disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics that suggested impaired lipid breakdown by uncoupled respiration. Treatment of ABCA7 LoF iNs with CDP-choline (a rate-limiting precursor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis) reduced triglyceride accumulation and restored mitochondrial function, indicating that ABCA7 LoF-induced phosphatidylcholine dyshomeostasis may directly disrupt mitochondrial metabolism of lipids. Treatment with CDP-choline also rescued intracellular amyloid β -42 levels in ABCA7 LoF iNs, further suggesting a link between ABCA7 LoF metabolic disruptions in neurons and AD pathology. This study provides a detailed transcriptomic atlas of ABCA7 LoF in the human brain and mechanistically links ABCA7 LoF-induced lipid perturbations to neuronal energy dyshomeostasis. In line with a growing body of evidence, our study highlights the central role of lipid metabolism in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Wang F, Wang A, Huang Y, Gao W, Xu Y, Zhang W, Guo G, Song W, Kong Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Shi F. Lipoproteins and metabolites in diagnosing and predicting Alzheimer's disease using machine learning. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:152. [PMID: 38773573 PMCID: PMC11107010 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that poses a substantial economic burden. The Random forest algorithm is effective in predicting AD; however, the key factors influencing AD onset remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the key lipoprotein and metabolite factors influencing AD onset using machine-learning methods. It provides new insights for researchers and medical personnel to understand AD and provides a reference for the early diagnosis, treatment, and early prevention of AD. METHODS A total of 603 participants, including controls and patients with AD with complete lipoprotein and metabolite data from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database between 2005 and 2016, were enrolled. Random forest, Lasso regression, and CatBoost algorithms were employed to rank and filter 213 lipoprotein and metabolite variables. Variables with consistently high importance rankings from any two methods were incorporated into the models. Finally, the variables selected from the three methods, with the participants' age, sex, and marital status, were used to construct a random forest predictive model. RESULTS Fourteen lipoprotein and metabolite variables were screened using the three methods, and 17 variables were included in the AD prediction model based on age, sex, and marital status of the participants. The optimal random forest modeling was constructed with "mtry" set to 3 and "ntree" set to 300. The model exhibited an accuracy of 71.01%, a sensitivity of 79.59%, a specificity of 65.28%, and an AUC (95%CI) of 0.724 (0.645-0.804). When Mean Decrease Accuracy and Gini were used to rank the proteins, age, phospholipids to total lipids ratio in intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL_PL_PCT), and creatinine were among the top five variables. CONCLUSIONS Age, IDL_PL_PCT, and creatinine levels play crucial roles in AD onset. Regular monitoring of lipoproteins and their metabolites in older individuals is significant for early AD diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Wenfeng Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261031, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Guiya Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Wangchen Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Yujia Kong
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China.
| | - Fuyan Shi
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China.
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Zhang Y, Miao D, Liu S, Hao X. Revealing the binding mechanism of BACE1 inhibitors through molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38375603 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2319676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, and the Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key therapeutic target in its treatment. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy analysis to investigate the binding interactions between BACE1 and four selected small molecules: CNP520, D9W, NB641, and NB360. The binding model analysis indicates that the binding of BACE1 with four molecules are stable, except the loop regions show significant fluctuation. The binding free energy analyses reveal that NB360 exhibits the highest binding affinity with BACE1, surpassing other molecules (CNP520, D9W, and NB641). Detailed energy component assessments highlight the critical roles of electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces in the binding process. Furthermore, residue contribution analysis identifies key amino acids influencing the binding process across all systems. Hydrogen bond analysis reveals a limited number of bonds between BACE1 and each small molecule, highlighting the importance of structural modifications to enable more stable hydrogen bonds. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, guiding the way for improved drug design and the development of effective treatments targeting BACE1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dongqiang Miao
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Senchen Liu
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiafei Hao
- Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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van Echten-Deckert G. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in brain health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108381. [PMID: 36907249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of the central nervous system (CNS). Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components which were discovered in the brain in the late 19th century. In mammals, the brain contains the highest concentration of sphingolipids in the body. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) derived from membrane sphingolipids evokes multiple cellular responses which, depending on its concentration and localization, make S1P a double-edged sword in the brain. In the present review we highlight the role of S1P in brain development and focus on the often contrasting findings regarding its contributions to the initiation, progression and potential recovery of different brain pathologies, including neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain cancers, and psychiatric illnesses. A detailed understanding of the critical implications of S1P in brain health and disease may open the door for new therapeutic options. Thus, targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes and/or signaling pathways might help overcome, or at least ameliorate, several brain illnesses.
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Salvador CL, Oppebøen M, Vassli AØ, Pfeiffer HCV, Varhaug KN, Elgstøen KBP, Yazdani M. Increased Sphingomyelin and Free Sialic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: New Findings Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:68-76. [PMID: 37018879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is caused by duplications and/or deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is typically diagnosed based on a classic triad of symptoms with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), retinitis pigmentosa, and onset before age 20 years. The present study aimed to diagnose two patients, on suspicion of KSS. METHODS One of the patients went through a diagnostic odyssey, with normal results from several mtDNA analyses, both in blood and muscle, before the diagnosis was confirmed genetically. RESULTS Two patients presented increased tau protein and low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Untargeted metabolomics on CSF samples also showed an increase in the levels of free sialic acid and sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), compared with four control groups (patients with mitochondrial disorders, nonmitochondrial disorders, low 5-MTHF, or increased tau proteins). CONCLUSIONS It is the first time that elevated sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0) and tau protein in KSS are reported. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach and standard laboratory methods, the study could shed new light on metabolism in KSS to better understand its complexity. In addition, the findings may suggest the combination of elevated free sialic acid, sphingomyelin C16:0 (d18:1/C16:0), and tau protein as well as low 5-MTHF as new biomarkers in the diagnostics of KSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Oppebøen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Østeby Vassli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kristin Nielsen Varhaug
- The Mitochondrial Medicine and Neurogenetics (MMN) Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Tiwari V, Shukla S. Lipidomics and proteomics: An integrative approach for early diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1057068. [PMID: 36845373 PMCID: PMC9946989 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1057068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and considered to be responsible for majority of worldwide prevalent dementia cases. The number of patients suffering from dementia are estimated to increase up to 115.4 million cases worldwide in 2050. Hence, AD is contemplated to be one of the major healthcare challenge in current era. This disorder is characterized by impairment in various signaling molecules at cellular and nuclear level including aggregation of Aβ protein, tau hyper phosphorylation altered lipid metabolism, metabolites dysregulation, protein intensity alteration etc. Being heterogeneous and multifactorial in nature, the disease do not has any cure or any confirmed diagnosis before the onset of clinical manifestations. Hence, there is a requisite for early diagnosis of AD in order to downturn the progression/risk of the disorder and utilization of newer technologies developed in this field are aimed to provide an extraordinary assistance towards the same. The lipidomics and proteomics constitute large scale study of cellular lipids and proteomes in biological matrices at normal stage or any stage of a disease. The study involves high throughput quantification and detection techniques such as mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, nuclear mass resonance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy etc. The early detection of altered levels of lipids and proteins in blood or any other biological matrices could aid in preventing the progression of AD and dementia. Therefore, the present review is designed to focus on the recent techniques and early diagnostic criteria for AD, revealing the role of lipids and proteins in this disease and their assessment through different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Shubha Shukla,
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Cross interactions between Apolipoprotein E and amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1189-1204. [PMID: 36817952 PMCID: PMC9932299 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three common Apolipoprotein E isoforms, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, are key regulators of lipid homeostasis, among other functions. Apolipoprotein E can interact with amyloid proteins. The isoforms differ by one or two residues at positions 112 and 158, and possess distinct structural conformations and functions, leading to isoform-specific roles in amyloid-based neurodegenerative diseases. Over 30 different amyloid proteins have been found to share similar characteristics of structure and toxicity, suggesting a common interactome. The molecular and genetic interactions of ApoE with amyloid proteins have been extensively studied in neurodegenerative diseases, but have not yet been well connected and clarified. Here we summarize essential features of the interactions between ApoE and different amyloid proteins, identify gaps in the understanding of the interactome and propose the general interaction mechanism between ApoE isoforms and amyloid proteins. Perhaps more importantly, this review outlines what we can learn from the interactome of ApoE and amyloid proteins; that is the need to see both ApoE and amyloid proteins as a basis to understand neurodegenerative diseases.
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The co-effect of copper and lipid vesicles on Aβ aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184082. [PMID: 36374760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Both metal ions and lipid membranes have a wide distribution in amyloid plaques and play significant roles in AD pathogenesis. Although influences of different metal ions or lipid vesicles on the aggregation of Aβ peptides have been extensively studied, their combined effects are less understood. In this study, we reported a unique effect of copper ion on Aβ aggregation in the presence of lipid vesicles, different from other divalent metal ions. Cu2+ in a super stoichiometric amount leads to the rapid formation of β-sheet rich structure, containing abundant low molecular weight (LMW) oligomers. We demonstrated that oligomerization of Aβ40 induced by Cu2+ binding was an essential prerequisite for the rapid conformation transition. Overall, the finding provided a new view on the complex triple system of Aβ, copper ion and lipid vesicles, which might help understanding of Aβ pathologies.
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Kolykhalov I, Androsova L, Gavrilova S. Clinical and immunological effects of choline alfoscerate in the treatment of amnestic type Mild Cognitive Impairment. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:59-66. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212211259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Barabás K, Kobolák J, Godó S, Kovács T, Ernszt D, Kecskés M, Varga C, Jánosi TZ, Fujiwara T, Kusumi A, Téglási A, Dinnyés A, Ábrahám IM. Live-Cell Imaging of Single Neurotrophin Receptor Molecules on Human Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413260. [PMID: 34948057 PMCID: PMC8708879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors such as the tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptor (TrkA) and the low-affinity binding p75 neurotrophin receptor p75NTR play a critical role in neuronal survival and their functions are altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Changes in the dynamics of receptors on the plasma membrane are essential to receptor function. However, whether receptor dynamics are affected in different pathophysiological conditions is unexplored. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we examined the surface trafficking of TrkA and p75NTR molecules on live neurons that were derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) of presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutant familial AD (fAD) patients and non-demented control subjects. Our results show that the surface movement of TrkA and p75NTR and the activation of TrkA- and p75NTR-related phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathways are altered in neurons that are derived from patients suffering from fAD compared to controls. These results provide evidence for altered surface movement of receptors in AD and highlight the importance of investigating receptor dynamics in disease conditions. Uncovering these mechanisms might enable novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Barabás
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | | | - Soma Godó
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Tamás Kovács
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- NAP-B Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Varga
- NAP-B Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Tibor Z. Jánosi
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna 904-0495, Japan;
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (J.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
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Tsamou M, Pistollato F, Roggen EL. A Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Blueprint Toward Memory Loss in Sporadic (Late-Onset) Alzheimer's Disease with Plausible Molecular Initiating Event Plug-Ins for Environmental Neurotoxicants. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:459-485. [PMID: 33843671 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is dramatically increasing. Aging and genetics are important risk factors, but systemic and environmental factors contribute to this risk in a still poorly understood way. Within the frame of BioMed21, the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept for toxicology was recommended as a tool for enhancing human disease research and accelerating translation of data into human applications. Its potential to capture biological knowledge and to increase mechanistic understanding about human diseases has been substantiated since. In pursuit of the tau-cascade hypothesis, a tau-driven AOP blueprint toward the adverse outcome of memory loss is proposed. Sequences of key events and plausible key event relationships, triggered by the bidirectional relationship between brain cholesterol and glucose dysmetabolism, and contributing to memory loss are captured. To portray how environmental factors may contribute to sAD progression, information on chemicals and drugs, that experimentally or epidemiologically associate with the risk of AD and mechanistically link to sAD progression, are mapped on this AOP. The evidence suggests that chemicals may accelerate disease progression by plugging into sAD relevant processes. The proposed AOP is a simplified framework of key events and plausible key event relationships representing one specific aspect of sAD pathology, and an attempt to portray chemical interference. Other sAD-related AOPs (e.g., Aβ-driven AOP) and a better understanding of the impact of aging and genetic polymorphism are needed to further expand our mechanistic understanding of early AD pathology and the potential impact of environmental and systemic risk factors.
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Pan L, Ou YN, Tan L, Tan L, Yu JT. Cerebrospinal fluid heart fatty acid‐binding protein as a predictive biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2021.9050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate whether the heart fatty acid‐binding protein (HFABP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was a potential predictive biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We evaluated the associations of CSF HFABP levels with core biomarkers, cognition, and brain structure in a sample population ( n = 302) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Multiple linear regression and mixed‐effects models were employed in the analyses. AD progression was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results CSF HFABP was higher in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD than the normal controls ( p < 0.001) and was particularly higher in those with amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathologic features. CSF HFABP was associated with higher baseline CSF t‐tau ( p < 0.001), CSF p‐tau ( p < 0.001), and CSF t‐tau/Aβ42 and CSF p‐tau/Aβ42 ( p < 0.01). Moreover, CSF HFABP was found to play predictive roles in hippocampal atrophy ( p < 0.01), cognitive decline ( p < 0.05), and the risk of AD ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that CSF HFABP can be a predictive biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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13
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Shi W, Wu H, Liu S, Wu Z, Wu H, Liu J, Hou Y. Progesterone Suppresses Cholesterol Esterification in APP/PS1 mice and a cell model of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:162-173. [PMID: 34044033 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cholesteryl ester(CE), generated from the mitochondria associated membrane (MAM), is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In theory, the different neuroprotective effects of progesterone in AD are all linked to MAM, yet the effect on cholesterol esterification has not been reported. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the regulation of progesterone on intracerebral CE in AD models and the underlying mechanism. METHODS APP/PS1 mice and AD cell model induced by Aβ 25-35 were selected as the research objects. APP/PS1 mice were daily administrated intragastrically with progesterone and The Morris Water Maze test was performed to detect the learning and memory abilities. Intracellular cholesterol was measured by Cholesterol/Cholesteryl Ester Quantitation Assay. The structure of MAMs were observed with transmission electron microscopy. The expression of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were detected with western blotting, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. RESULTS Progesterone suppressed the accumulation of intracellular CE, shortened the length of abnormally prolonged MAM in cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Progesterone decreased the expression of ACAT1, which could be blocked by progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) inhibitor AG205. The ERK1/2 pathway maybe involved in the progesterone mediated regulation of ACAT1 in AD models, rather than the PI3K/Akt and the P38 MEPK pathways. SIGNIFICANCE The results supported a line of evidence that progesterone regulates CE level and the structure of MAM in neurons of AD models, providing a promising treatment against AD on the dysfunction of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze 274000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Honghai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yanning Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China.
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14
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Teitsdottir UD, Halldorsson S, Rolfsson O, Lund SH, Jonsdottir MK, Snaedal J, Petersen PH. Cerebrospinal Fluid C18 Ceramide Associates with Markers of Alzheimer's Disease and Inflammation at the Pre- and Early Stages of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:231-244. [PMID: 33814423 PMCID: PMC8203241 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding how dysregulation in lipid metabolism relates to the severity of Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) pathology might be critical in developing effective treatments. Objective: To identify lipid species in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with signature AD pathology and to explore their relationships with measures reflecting AD-related processes (neurodegeneration, inflammation, deficits in verbal episodic memory) among subjects at the pre- and early symptomatic stages of dementia. Methods: A total of 60 subjects that had been referred to an Icelandic memory clinic cohort were classified as having CSF AD (n = 34) or non-AD (n = 26) pathology profiles. Untargeted CSF lipidomic analysis was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) for the detection of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) features. CSF proteins reflecting neurodegeneration (neurofilament light [NFL]) and inflammation (chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40], S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) were also measured. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning (RAVLT) and Story tests were used for the assessment of verbal episodic memory. Results: Eight out of 1008 features were identified as best distinguishing between the CSF profile groups. Of those, only the annotation of the m/z feature assigned to lipid species C18 ceramide was confirmed with a high confidence. Multiple regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and education, demonstrated significant associations of CSF core AD markers (Aβ42: st.β= –0.36, p = 0.007; T-tau: st.β= 0.41, p = 0.005) and inflammatory marker S100B (st.β= 0.51, p = 0.001) with C18 ceramide levels. Conclusion: Higher levels of C18 ceramide associated with increased AD pathology and inflammation, suggesting its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur D Teitsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Maria K Jonsdottir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali -National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Snaedal
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali - National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Petur H Petersen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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15
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Bok E, Leem E, Lee BR, Lee JM, Yoo CJ, Lee EM, Kim J. Role of the Lipid Membrane and Membrane Proteins in Tau Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653815. [PMID: 33996814 PMCID: PMC8119898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of misfolded tau aggregates is a pathological hallmark of various tauopathies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although tau is a cytosolic microtubule-associated protein enriched in neurons, it is also found in extracellular milieu, such as interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Accumulating evidence showed that pathological tau spreads along anatomically connected areas in the brain through intercellular transmission and templated misfolding, thereby inducing neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. In line with this, the spatiotemporal spreading of tau pathology is closely correlated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Although the secretion and uptake of tau involve multiple different pathways depending on tau species and cell types, a growing body of evidence suggested that tau is largely secreted in a vesicle-free forms. In this regard, the interaction of vesicle-free tau with membrane is gaining growing attention due to its importance for both of tau secretion and uptake as well as aggregation. Here, we review the recent literature on the mechanisms of the tau-membrane interaction and highlights the roles of lipids and proteins at the membrane in the tau-membrane interaction as well as tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Bok
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunju Leem
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Jae Yoo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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16
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Bryan J, Mandan A, Kamat G, Gottschalk WK, Badea A, Adams KJ, Thompson JW, Colton CA, Mukherjee S, Lutz MW. Likelihood ratio statistics for gene set enrichment in Alzheimer's disease pathways. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:561-573. [PMID: 33480182 PMCID: PMC8044005 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has revealed biological pathways with implications for disease neuropathology and pathophysiology. These pathway-level effects may also be mediated by individual characteristics or covariates such as age or sex. Evaluation of AD biological pathways in the context of interactions with these covariates is critical to the understanding of AD as well as the development of model systems used to study the disease. METHODS Gene set enrichment methods are powerful tools used to interpret gene-level statistics at the level of biological pathways. We introduce a method for quantifying gene set enrichment using likelihood ratio-derived test statistics (gsLRT), which accounts for sample covariates like age and sex. We then use our method to test for age and sex interactions with protein expression levels in AD and to compare the pathway results between human and mouse species. RESULTS Our method, based on nested logistic regressions is competitive with the existing standard for gene set testing in the context of linear models and complex experimental design. The gene sets we identify as having a significant association with AD-both with and without additional covariate interactions-are validated by previous studies. Differences between gsLRT results on mouse and human datasets are observed. DISCUSSION Characterizing biological pathways involved in AD builds on the important work involving single gene drivers. Our gene set enrichment method finds pathways that are significantly related to AD while accounting for covariates that may be relevant to disease development. The method highlights commonalities and differences between human AD and mouse models, which may inform the development of higher fidelity models for the study of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bryan
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Arpita Mandan
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gauri Kamat
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Badea
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kendra J. Adams
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Carol A. Colton
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michael W. Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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17
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Live-cell monitoring of protein localization to membrane rafts using protein-fragment complementation. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221616. [PMID: 31850494 PMCID: PMC6944658 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane consists of a variety of discrete domains differing from the surrounding membrane in composition and properties. Selective partitioning of protein to these microdomains is essential for membrane functioning and integrity. Studying the nanoscale size and dynamic nature of the membrane microdomains requires advanced imaging approaches with a high spatiotemporal resolution and, consequently, expensive and specialized equipment, unavailable for most researchers and unsuited for large-scale studies. Thus, understanding of protein partitioning to the membrane microdomains in health and disease is still hampered by the lack of inexpensive live-cell approaches with an appropriate spatial resolution. Here, we have developed a novel approach based on Gaussia princeps luciferase protein-fragment complementation assay to quantitively investigate protein partitioning to cholesterol and sphingomyelin-rich domains, sometimes called ‘lipid rafts’, in intact living cells with a high-spatial resolution. In the assay, the reporter construct, carrying one half of the luciferase protein, is targeted to lipid microdomains through the fused acetylation motif from Src-family kinase Fyn. A protein of interest carries the second half of the luciferase protein. Together, this serves as a reversible real-time sensor of raft recruitment for the studied protein. We demonstrated that the assay can efficiently detect the dynamic alterations in raft localization of two disease-associated proteins: Akt and APP. Importantly, this method can be used in high-throughput screenings and other large-scale studies in living cells. This inexpensive, and easy to implement raft localization assay will benefit all researchers interested in protein partitioning in rafts.
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18
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Allende ML, Zhu H, Kono M, Hoachlander-Hobby LE, Huso VL, Proia RL. Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease. Cell Signal 2021; 78:109879. [PMID: 33296739 PMCID: PMC7775721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which function as plasma membrane lipids and signaling molecules, are highly enriched in neuronal and myelin membranes in the nervous system. They are degraded in lysosomes by a defined sequence of enzymatic steps. In the related group of disorders, the sphingolipidoses, mutations in the genes that encode the individual degradative enzymes cause lysosomal accumulation of sphingolipids and often result in severe neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the information indicating that microglia, which actively clear sphingolipid-rich membranes in the brain during development and homeostasis, are directly affected by these mutations and promote neurodegeneration in the sphingolipidoses. We also identify parallels between the sphingolipidoses and more common forms of neurodegeneration, which both exhibit evidence of defective sphingolipid clearance in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Allende
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lila E Hoachlander-Hobby
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vienna L Huso
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Section, Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 9000 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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19
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Bruni AC, Bernardi L, Gabelli C. From beta amyloid to altered proteostasis in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101126. [PMID: 32683041 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age related neurodegenerative disorder causing severe disability and important socio-economic burden, but with no cure available to date. To disentangle this puzzling disease genetic studies represented an important way for the comprehension of pathogenic mechanisms. Abnormal processing and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been considered the main cause and trigger factor of the disease. The amyloid cascade theory has fallen into crisis because the failure of several anti-amyloid drugs trials and because of the simple equation AD = abnormal Aβ deposition is not always the case. We now know that multiple neurodegenerative diseases share common pathogenic mechanisms leading to accumulation of misfolded protein species. Genome Wide Association studies (GWAS) led to the identification of large numbers of DNA common variants (SNPs) distributed on different chromosomes and modulating the Alzheimer's risk. GWAS genes fall into several common pathways such as immune system and neuroinflammation, lipid metabolism, synaptic dysfunction and endocytosis, all of them addressing to novel routes for different pathogenic mechanisms. Other hints could be derived from epidemiological and experimental studies showing some lifestyles may have a major role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated diseases by modifying cell metabolism, proteostasis and microglia mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy.
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Carlo Gabelli
- Regional Brain Aging Centre, Azienda Ospedale Università Di Padova, Padova Italy
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20
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Cho YY, Kwon OH, Chung S. Preferred Endocytosis of Amyloid Precursor Protein from Cholesterol-Enriched Lipid Raft Microdomains. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235490. [PMID: 33255194 PMCID: PMC7727664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the plasma membrane is internalized via endocytosis and delivered to endo/lysosomes, where neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) is produced via β-, γ-secretases. Hence, endocytosis plays a key role in the processing of APP and subsequent Aβ generation. β-, γ-secretases as well as APP are localized in cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains. However, it is still unclear whether lipid rafts are the site where APP undergoes endocytosis and whether cholesterol levels affect this process. In this study, we found that localization of APP in lipid rafts was increased by elevated cholesterol level. We also showed that increasing or decreasing cholesterol levels increased or decreased APP endocytosis, respectively. When we labeled cell surface APP, APP localized in lipid rafts preferentially underwent endocytosis compared to nonraft-localized APP. In addition, APP endocytosis from lipid rafts was regulated by cholesterol levels. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cholesterol levels regulate the localization of APP in lipid rafts affecting raft-dependent APP endocytosis. Thus, regulating the microdomain localization of APP could offer a new therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.
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21
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Ceramide analog [ 18F]F-HPA-12 detects sphingolipid disbalance in the brain of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice by functioning as a metabolic probe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19354. [PMID: 33168861 PMCID: PMC7652882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of ceramides is deregulated in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and is associated with apolipoprotein (APO) APOE4 and amyloid-β pathology. However, how the ceramide metabolism changes over time in AD, in vivo, remains unknown. Distribution and metabolism of [18F]F-HPA-12, a radio-fluorinated version of the ceramide analog N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl) dodecanamide, was investigated in the brain of AD transgenic mouse models (FAD) on an APOE4 or APOE3 genetic background, by positron emission tomography and by gamma counter. We found that FAD mice displayed a higher uptake of [18F]F-HPA-12 in the brain, independently from the APOE4 or APOE3 genetic background. FAD mice could be distinguished from littermate control animals with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 87.5%, by gamma counter measurements. Metabolic analysis of [18F]F-HPA-12 in the brain suggested that the tracer is degraded less efficiently in the FAD mice. Furthermore, the radioactive signal registered in the hippocampus correlated with an increase of Cer d18:1/20:2 levels measured in the same brain region by mass spectrometry. Our data gives additional proof that ceramide metabolism is different in FAD mice compared to controls. Ceramide analogs like HPA-12 may function as metabolic probes to study ceramide disbalance in the brain.
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22
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Michalicova A, Majerova P, Kovac A. Tau Protein and Its Role in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570045. [PMID: 33100967 PMCID: PMC7554615 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). In aging, the stability of the BBB declines and the permeability increases. The list of CNS pathologies involving BBB dysfunction is growing. The opening of the BBB and subsequent infiltration of serum components to the brain can lead to a host of processes resulting in progressive synaptic, neuronal dysfunction, and detrimental neuroinflammatory changes. Such processes have been implicated in different diseases, including vascular dementia, stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hypoxia, ischemia, and diabetes mellitus. The BBB damage is also observed in tauopathies that lack amyloid-β overproduction, suggesting a role for tau in BBB damage. Tauopathies represent a heterogeneous group of around 20 different neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal deposition of the MAPT in cells of the nervous system. Neuropathology of tauopathies is defined as intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of aggregated hyper- and abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein and neuroinflammation. Disruption of the BBB found in tauopathies is driven by chronic neuroinflammation. Production of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules by glial cells, neurons, and endothelial cells determine the integrity of the BBB and migration of immune cells into the brain. The inflammatory processes promote structural changes in capillaries such as fragmentation, thickening, atrophy of pericytes, accumulation of laminin in the basement membrane, and increased permeability of blood vessels to plasma proteins. Here, we summarize the knowledge about the role of tau protein in BBB structural and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Michalicova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
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23
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Gutierrez E, Lütjohann D, Kerksiek A, Fabiano M, Oikawa N, Kuerschner L, Thiele C, Walter J. Importance of γ-secretase in the regulation of liver X receptor and cellular lipid metabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/6/e201900521. [PMID: 32354700 PMCID: PMC7195048 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the Alzheimer associated γ-secretase impairs the regulation of cellular lipid droplet homeostasis. Presenilins (PS) are the catalytic components of γ-secretase complexes that mediate intramembrane proteolysis. Mutations in the PS genes are a major cause of familial early-onset Alzheimer disease and affect the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, thereby altering the production of the amyloid β-peptide. However, multiple additional protein substrates have been identified, suggesting pleiotropic functions of γ-secretase. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of γ-secretase causes dysregulation of cellular lipid homeostasis, including up-regulation of liver X receptors, and complex changes in the cellular lipid composition. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of γsecretase leads to strong accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, associated with increased levels of acylglycerols, but lowered cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, accumulation of lipid droplets was augmented by increasing levels of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments, indicating a critical involvement of this γ-secretase substrate. Together, these data provide a mechanism that functionally connects γ-secretase activity to cellular lipid metabolism. These effects were also observed in human astrocytic cells, indicating an important function of γ-secretase in cells critical for lipid homeostasis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marietta Fabiano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Naoto Oikawa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Kedia S, Ramakrishna P, Netrakanti PR, Jose M, Sibarita JB, Nadkarni S, Nair D. Real-time nanoscale organization of amyloid precursor protein. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8200-8215. [PMID: 32255447 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite an intuitive understanding of the role of APP in health and disease, there exist few attempts to dissect its molecular localization at excitatory synapses. Though the biochemistry involved in the enzymatic processing of APP is well understood, there is a void in understanding the nonuniformity of the product formation in vivo. Here, we employed multiple paradigms of single molecules and ensemble based nanoscopic imaging to reveal that APP molecules are organized into regulatory nanodomains that are differentially compartmentalized in the functional zones of an excitatory synapse. Furthermore, with the aid of high density single particle tracking, we show that the lateral diffusion of APP in live cells dictates an equilibrium between these nanodomains and their nano-environment, which is affected in a detrimental variant of APP. Additionally, we incorporate this spatio-temporal detail 'in silico' to generate a realistic nanoscale topography of APP in dendrites and synapses. This approach uncovers a nanoscale heterogeneity in the molecular organization of APP, depicting a locus for differential APP processing. This holistic paradigm, to decipher the real-time heterogeneity of the substrate molecules on the nanoscale, could enable us to better evaluate the molecular constraints overcoming the ensemble approaches used traditionally to understand the kinetics of product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Kedia
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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25
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Zhao Y, Wu X, Li X, Jiang LL, Gui X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhu B, Piña-Crespo JC, Zhang M, Zhang N, Chen X, Bu G, An Z, Huang TY, Xu H. TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function. Neuron 2019. [PMID: 29518356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been linked to increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Neurobiological functions of TREM2 and its pathophysiological ligands remain elusive. Here we found that TREM2 directly binds to β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers with nanomolar affinity, whereas AD-associated TREM2 mutations reduce Aβ binding. TREM2 deficiency impairs Aβ degradation in primary microglial culture and mouse brain. Aβ-induced microglial depolarization, K+ inward current induction, cytokine expression and secretion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and morphological changes are dependent on TREM2. In addition, TREM2 interaction with its signaling adaptor DAP12 is enhanced by Aβ, regulating downstream phosphorylation of SYK and GSK3β. Our data demonstrate TREM2 as a microglial Aβ receptor transducing physiological and AD-related pathological effects associated with Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhao
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xilin Wu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bing Zhu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Juan C Piña-Crespo
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Muxian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Elevated cellular cholesterol in Familial Alzheimer's presenilin 1 mutation is associated with lipid raft localization of β-amyloid precursor protein. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210535. [PMID: 30682043 PMCID: PMC6347419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)-associated presenilin 1 (PS1) serves as a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase complex, which mediates the proteolytic liberation of β-amyloid (Aβ) from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). In addition to its proteolytic role, PS1 is involved in non-proteolytic functions such as protein trafficking and ion channel regulation. Furthermore, postmortem AD brains as well as AD patients showed dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism. Since cholesterol has been implicated in regulating Aβ production, we investigated whether the FAD PS1-associated cholesterol elevation could influence APP processing. We found that in CHO cells stably expressing FAD-associated PS1 ΔE9, total cholesterol levels are elevated compared to cells expressing wild-type PS1. We also found that localization of APP in cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts is substantially increased in the mutant cells. Reducing the cholesterol levels by either methyl-β-cyclodextrin or an inhibitor of CYP51, an enzyme mediating the elevated cholesterol in PS1 ΔE9-expressing cells, significantly reduced lipid raft-associated APP. In contrast, exogenous cholesterol increased lipid raft-associated APP. These data suggest that in the FAD PS1 ΔE9 cells, the elevated cellular cholesterol level contributes to the altered APP processing by increasing APP localized in lipid rafts.
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Galvão F, Grokoski KC, da Silva BB, Lamers ML, Siqueira IR. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing as a biological link between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:83-91. [PMID: 30500566 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for several illnesses, such as Alzheimer's Disease and various cancers. However, an inverse correlation between malignancies and Alzheimer's Disease has been suggested. This review addressed the potential role of non-amyloidogenic and amyloidogenic pathways of amyloid precursor protein processing as a relevant biochemical mechanism to clarify this association. Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways have been related to Alzheimer's Disease and certain malignancies, respectively. Several known molecules involved in APP processing, including its regulation and final products, were summarized. Among them some candidate mechanisms emerged, such as extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) and protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, the imbalance of APP processing may be involved with the negative correlation between cancer and Alzheimer Disease.
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Pan X, Green BD. Temporal Effects of Neuron-specific beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) Knock-in on the Mouse Brain Metabolome: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 397:138-146. [PMID: 30496823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta secretase 1 (BACE1) is an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PLB4 mice are a neuron-specific human BACE1 knock-in mouse model characterized by the accumulation of extracellular Aβ and an AD-like phenotype. In this investigation brain hemispheres from 'young' (4-6 months) and 'old' (8 months) female PLB4 mice and age-matched wild-type littermates underwent targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling. Powdered lyophilized brain tissue was extracted in ethanol:PBS 85%:15% (v/v)) and a total of 187 metabolites were quantified using a targeted metabolomics methodology. Multivariate statistical analysis produced models distinguished PLB4 from wild type (WT) mice regardless of their age group. Univariate analysis (t-test) found that more brain metabolites were perturbed in 'old' PLB4 mice than 'young'. Carnosine and 8 phosphatidylcholine species were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in 'young' PLB4 mouse brain. In 'old' PLB4 mice a total of 21 metabolites were perturbed including: leucine, creatinine, putrescine and species of acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelin. Within the PLB4 genotype there were a range of age-dependent increases in metabolites. This study indicates that gender-specific responses occur in models of AD-like pathology, but importantly, when changes in PLB4 mice (where Aβ oligomers predominate) are compared with APP/PS1 mice (where Aβ plaques predominate) there are consistent and also divergent effects on the brain metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Brian D Green
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Core Techology Unit for Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
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29
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Sepe FN, Chiasserini D, Parnetti L. Role of FABP3 as biomarker in Alzheimer's disease and synucleinopathies. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fundamental components of brain cells as they are involved in several essential processes like remodeling of plasma membrane, synaptic function and receptor–ligand interactions. Systemic and brain alterations in lipid metabolism have been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and parkinsonisms. Intracellular transport of lipids is regulated by fatty acid-binding proteins. Recently, a member of this family, the fatty acid-binding protein 3 has been proposed as a potential biomarker across a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this special report, we describe recent progresses in characterizing the role of fatty acid-binding protein 3 in neurodegeneration and its putative role as biomarker measurable in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nicoletta Sepe
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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30
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Lu MH, Ji WL, Xu DE, Yao PP, Zhao XY, Wang ZT, Fang LP, Huang R, Lan LJ, Chen JB, Wang TH, Cheng LH, Xu RX, Liu CF, Puglielli L, Ma QH. Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase 1 ameliorates alzheimer-like pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through promoting lysosomal degradation of BACE1. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:67-79. [PMID: 30243987 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids emerge as essential modulators in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with unclear mechanisms. Elevated levels of SM synthase 1 (SMS1), which catalyzes the synthesis of SM from ceramide and phosphatidylcholine, have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD), where expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a rate limiting enzyme in amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, are upregulated. In the present study, we show knockdown of SMS1 via andeno associated virus (serotype 8, AAV8) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, attenuates the densities of Aβ plaques, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss and thus rescuing cognitive deficits of these transgenic mice. We further describe that knockdown or inhibition of SMS1 decreases BACE1 stability, which is accompanied with decreased BACE1 levels in the Golgi, whereas enhanced BACE1 levels in the early endosomes and the lysosomes. The reduction of BACE1 levels induced by knockdown or inhibition of SMS1 is prevented by inhibition of lysosomes. Therefore, knockdown or inhibition of SMS1 promotes lysosomal degradation of BACE1 via modulating the intracellular trafficking of BACE1. Knockdown of SMS1 attenuates AD-like pathology through promoting lysosomal degradation of BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhao-Tao Wang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Li-Jun Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ji-Bo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Hua Cheng
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho- Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Southern Medical University, Beijing 100700, China.
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31
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de Wit NM, Snkhchyan H, den Hoedt S, Wattimena D, de Vos R, Mulder MT, Walter J, Martinez-Martinez P, Hoozemans JJ, Rozemuller AJ, de Vries HE. Altered Sphingolipid Balance in Capillary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:795-807. [PMID: 27662305 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits at the brain vasculature, a process referred to as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In over 51% of AD cases, Aβ also accumulates in cortical capillaries, which is termed capillary CAA (capCAA). It has been postulated that the presence of capCAA in AD is a specific subtype of AD, although underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Sphingolipids (SLs) are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. However, to date it remains unknown whether alterations in the SL pathway are involved in capCAA pathogenesis and if these differ from AD. OBJECTIVE To determine whether AD cases with capCAA have an altered SL profile compared to AD cases without capCAA. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression and localization of ceramide, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1P1, S1P3). In addition, we determined the concentrations of S1P as well as different chain-lengths of ceramides using HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an altered expression of ceramide, ASM, and S1P receptors by reactive astrocytes and microglial cells specifically associated with capCAA. Moreover, a shift in the balance of ceramides with different chain-lengths and S1P content is observed in capCAA. CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence of a deregulated SL balance in capCAA. The increased levels of ASM and ceramide in activated glia cells suggest that the SL pathway is involved in the neuroinflammatory response in capCAA pathogenesis. Future research is needed to elucidate the role of S1P in capCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Wit
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hripsime Snkhchyan
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darcos Wattimena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob de Vos
- Laboratorium Pathology Oost Nederland, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Chung KM, Hernández N, Sproul AA, Yu WH. Alzheimer's disease and the autophagic-lysosomal system. Neurosci Lett 2018; 697:49-58. [PMID: 29758300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are of critical concern to the general population and research/medical community due to their health impact and socioeconomic consequences. A feature of most, if not all, neurodegenerative disorders is the presence of proteinopathies, in which misfolded or conformationally altered proteins drive disease progression and are often used as a primary neuropathological marker of disease. In particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates, primarily extracellular plaques composed of the Aβ peptide and intracellular tangles comprised of the tau protein, both of which may indicate a primary defect in protein clearance. Protein degradation is a key cellular mechanism for protein homeostasis and is essential for cell survival but is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulation in proteolytic pathways - mainly the autophagic-lysosomal system (A-LS) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) - has been increasingly associated with proteinopathies in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the role of dysfunctional autophagy underlying AD-related proteinopathy and discuss how to model this aspect of disease, as well as summarize recent advances in translational strategies for targeted A-LS dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Chung
- Taub Institute and the Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Nancy Hernández
- Taub Institute and the Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Andrew A Sproul
- Taub Institute and the Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Taub Institute and the Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
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Sameni S, Malacrida L, Tan Z, Digman MA. Alteration in Fluidity of Cell Plasma Membrane in Huntington Disease Revealed by Spectral Phasor Analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:734. [PMID: 29335600 PMCID: PMC5768877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a late-onset genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide in the exon 1 of the gene encoding the polyglutamine (polyQ). It has been shown that protein degradation and lipid metabolism is altered in HD. In many neurodegenerative disorders, impaired lipid homeostasis is one of the early events in the disease onset. Yet, little is known about how mutant huntingtin may affect phospholipids membrane fluidity. Here, we investigated how membrane fluidity in the living cells (differentiated PC12 and HEK293 cell lines) are affected using a hyperspectral imaging of widely used probes, LAURDAN. Using phasor approach, we characterized the fluorescence of LAURDAN that is sensitive to the polarity of the immediate environment. LAURDAN is affected by the physical order of phospholipids (lipid order) and reports the membrane fluidity. We also validated our results using a different fluorescent membrane probe, Nile Red (NR). The plasma membrane in the cells expressing expanded polyQ shows a shift toward increased membrane fluidity revealed by both LAURDAN and NR spectral phasors. This finding brings a new perspective in the understanding of the early stages of HD that can be used as a target for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sameni
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leonel Malacrida
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Zhiqun Tan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Kiani-Esfahani A. Succinate dehydrogenase: Prospect for neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2017; 42:77-83. [PMID: 29225013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Onset of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases as neurodegenerative disorders is increased by age. Alleviation of clinical symptoms and protection of neurons against degeneration are the main aspects of researches to establish new therapeutic strategies. Many studies have shown that mitochondria play crucial roles in high energy demand tissues like brain. Impairments in mitochondrial activity and physiology can makes neurons vulnerable to stress and degeneration. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) connects tricarboxylic cycle to the electron transport chain. Therefore, dysfunction of the SDH could impair mitochondrial activity, ATP generation and energy hemostasis in the cell. Exceed lipid synthesis, induction of the excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders could be controlled by SDH through direct and indirect mechanism. In addition, mutation in SDH correlates with the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, SDH could behave as a key regulator in neuroprotection. This review will present recent findings which are about SDH activity and related pathways which could play important roles in neuronal survival. Additionally, we will discuss about all possibilities which candidate SDH as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 816513-1378, Iran
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35
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Wang S, Yang F, Petyuk VA, Shukla AK, Monroe ME, Gritsenko MA, Rodland KD, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Gong CX, Liu T. Quantitative proteomics identifies altered O-GlcNAcylation of structural, synaptic and memory-associated proteins in Alzheimer's disease. J Pathol 2017; 243:78-88. [PMID: 28657654 PMCID: PMC5647145 DOI: 10.1002/path.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein modification by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is emerging as an important factor in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, detailed molecular characterization of this important protein post-translational modification at the proteome level has been highly challenging, owing to its low stoichiometry and labile nature. Herein, we report the most comprehensive, quantitative proteomics analysis for protein O-GlcNAcylation in postmortem human brain tissues with and without AD by the use of isobaric tandem mass tag labelling, chemoenzymatic photocleavage enrichment, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A total of 1850 O-GlcNAc peptides covering 1094 O-GlcNAcylation sites were identified from 530 proteins in the human brain. One hundred and thirty-one O-GlcNAc peptides covering 81 proteins were altered in AD brains as compared with controls (q < 0.05). Moreover, alteration of O-GlcNAc peptide abundance could be attributed more to O-GlcNAcylation level than to protein level changes. The altered O-GlcNAcylated proteins belong to several structural and functional categories, including synaptic proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, and memory-associated proteins. These findings suggest that dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation of multiple brain proteins may be involved in the development of sporadic AD. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Anil K. Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Marina A. Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Karin D. Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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Toledo JB, Arnold M, Kastenmüller G, Chang R, Baillie RA, Han X, Thambisetty M, Tenenbaum JD, Suhre K, Thompson JW, John-Williams LS, MahmoudianDehkordi S, Rotroff DM, Jack JR, Motsinger-Reif A, Risacher SL, Blach C, Lucas JE, Massaro T, Louie G, Zhu H, Dallmann G, Klavins K, Koal T, Kim S, Nho K, Shen L, Casanova R, Varma S, Legido-Quigley C, Moseley MA, Zhu K, Henrion MYR, van der Lee SJ, Harms AC, Demirkan A, Hankemeier T, van Duijn CM, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Saykin AJ, Weiner MW, Doraiswamy PM, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Metabolic network failures in Alzheimer's disease: A biochemical road map. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:965-984. [PMID: 28341160 PMCID: PMC5866045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Research Summits of 2012 and 2015 incorporated experts from academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations to develop new research directions to transform our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and propel the development of critically needed therapies. In response to their recommendations, big data at multiple levels are being generated and integrated to study network failures in disease. We used metabolomics as a global biochemical approach to identify peripheral metabolic changes in AD patients and correlate them to cerebrospinal fluid pathology markers, imaging features, and cognitive performance. METHODS Fasting serum samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (199 control, 356 mild cognitive impairment, and 175 AD participants) were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ-p180 kit. Performance was validated in blinded replicates, and values were medication adjusted. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that sphingomyelins and ether-containing phosphatidylcholines were altered in preclinical biomarker-defined AD stages, whereas acylcarnitines and several amines, including the branched-chain amino acid valine and α-aminoadipic acid, changed in symptomatic stages. Several of the analytes showed consistent associations in the Rotterdam, Erasmus Rucphen Family, and Indiana Memory and Aging Studies. Partial correlation networks constructed for Aβ1-42, tau, imaging, and cognitive changes provided initial biochemical insights for disease-related processes. Coexpression networks interconnected key metabolic effectors of disease. DISCUSSION Metabolomics identified key disease-related metabolic changes and disease-progression-related changes. Defining metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory and its relationship to clinical phenotypes provides a powerful roadmap for drug and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon B Toledo
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica D Tenenbaum
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa St John-Williams
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Siamak MahmoudianDehkordi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John R Jack
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph E Lucas
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tyler Massaro
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kuixi Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Y R Henrion
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amy C Harms
- Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Chen X, Bisschops MMM, Agarwal NR, Ji B, Shanmugavel KP, Petranovic D. Interplay of Energetics and ER Stress Exacerbates Alzheimer's Amyloid-β (Aβ) Toxicity in Yeast. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:232. [PMID: 28798664 PMCID: PMC5529408 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration. Oligomers of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) are thought to play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Two major isoforms of Aβ associated with AD are Aβ40 and Aβ42, the latter being more toxic and prone to form oligomers. Here, we took a systems biology approach to study two humanized yeast AD models which expressed either Aβ40 or Aβ42 in bioreactor cultures. Strict control of oxygen availability and culture pH, strongly affected chronological lifespan and reduced variations during cell growth. Reduced growth rates and biomass yields were observed upon Aβ42 expression, indicating a redirection of energy from growth to maintenance. Quantitative physiology analyses furthermore revealed reduced mitochondrial functionality and ATP generation in Aβ42 expressing cells, which matched with observed aberrant mitochondrial structures. Genome-wide expression level analysis showed that Aβ42 expression triggered strong ER stress and unfolded protein responses. Equivalent expression of Aβ40, however, induced only mild ER stress, which resulted in hardly affected physiology. Using AD yeast models in well-controlled cultures strengthened our understanding on how cells translate different Aβ toxicity signals into particular cell fate programs, and further enhance their potential as a discovery platform to identify possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus M. M. Bisschops
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nisha R. Agarwal
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kumaravel P. Shanmugavel
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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Olajide OJ, Yawson EO, Gbadamosi IT, Arogundade TT, Lambe E, Obasi K, Lawal IT, Ibrahim A, Ogunrinola KY. Ascorbic acid ameliorates behavioural deficits and neuropathological alterations in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:200-211. [PMID: 28192749 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the links between neural pathobiology and behavioural deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and investigating substances with known therapeutic advantages over subcellular mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions could advance the development of potent therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Here we investigated the efficacy of ascorbic acid (AA) in reversing aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced behavioural deficits and neurotoxic cascades within prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of rats. A group of rats administered oral AlCl3 (100mg/kg) daily for 15days showed degenerative changes characterised by significant weight loss, reduced exploratory/working memory, frontal-dependent motor deficits, cognitive decline, memory dysfunction and anxiety during behavioural assessments compared to control. Subsequent analysis showed that oxidative impairment-indicated by depleted superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation (related to glutathione-S-transferase activity), cholinergic deficits seen by increased neural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression and elevated lactate dehydrogenase underlie behavioural alterations. Furthermore, evidences of proteolysis were seen by reduced Nissl profiles in neuronal axons and dendrites which correspond to apoptotic changes observed in H&E staining of PFC and hippocampal sections. Interestingly, AA (100mg/kg daily for 15days) significantly attenuated behavioural deficits in rats through inhibition of molecular and cellular stressor proteins activated by AlCl3. Our results showed that the primary mechanisms underlying AA therapeutic advantages relates closely with its abilities to scavenge free radicals, prevent membrane lipid peroxidation, modulate neuronal bioenergetics, act as AChE inhibitor and through its anti-proteolytic properties. These findings suggest that supplementing endogenous AA capacity through its pharmacological intake may inhibit progression of AD-related neurodegenerative processes and behavioural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Joseph Olajide
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Olusola Yawson
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Timothy Arogundade
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ezra Lambe
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kosisochukwu Obasi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Tayo Lawal
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmumin Ibrahim
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Yomi Ogunrinola
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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Li M, Yuan Y, Hu B, Wu L. Study on Lentivirus-Mediated ABCA7 Improves Neurocognitive Function and Related Mechanisms in the C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:489-497. [PMID: 28124230 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is expressed in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain and was confirmed to be involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated that ABCA7 regulated Aβ production, lipid transport, leading to AD characteristic pathological changes. However, the role and mechanism of ABCA7 in the context of AD needs further research. We augmented the expression of ABCA7 using lentiviral vector carrying ABCA7 gene to investigate the effect of ABCA7 overexpression on AD mice; then, we further explored the underlying mechanism in vitro. In the present study, ABCA7 was expressed successfully in the hippocampus of AD mice through lentiviral vector mediating ABCA7 gene; we showed that ABCA7 overexpression can effectively improve cognitive behavior of AD mice and diminished Aβ production; meanwhile, ABCA7 overexpression significantly relieved the neurotoxicity of Aβ by promoting cell viability and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, our findings showed that ABCA7 had obvious anti-Aβ effect and appeared to improve cognitive function of AD mice. Our results provided a new thought and basic scientific data for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefeng Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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40
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes of the Lysosome: Diseases Caused by Misfolded Mutants and Sugar Mimetics as Correcting Pharmacological Chaperones. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:225-302. [PMID: 27816107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary disorders caused by mutations on genes encoding for one of the more than fifty lysosomal enzymes involved in the highly ordered degradation cascades of glycans, glycoconjugates, and other complex biomolecules in the lysosome. Several of these metabolic disorders are associated with the absence or the lack of activity of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in this cell compartment. In a recently introduced therapy concept, for susceptible mutants, small substrate-related molecules (so-called pharmacological chaperones), such as reversible inhibitors of these enzymes, may serve as templates for the correct folding and transport of the respective protein mutant, thus improving its concentration and, consequently, its enzymatic activity in the lysosome. Carbohydrate-processing enzymes in the lysosome, related lysosomal diseases, and the scope and limitations of reported reversible inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones are discussed with a view to possibly extending and improving research efforts in this area of orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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41
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Woodruff G, Reyna SM, Dunlap M, Van Der Kant R, Callender JA, Young JE, Roberts EA, Goldstein LSB. Defective Transcytosis of APP and Lipoproteins in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons with Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations. Cell Rep 2016; 17:759-773. [PMID: 27732852 PMCID: PMC5796664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated early phenotypes caused by familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD) mutations in isogenic human iPSC-derived neurons. Analysis of neurons carrying fAD PS1 or APP mutations introduced using genome editing technology at the endogenous loci revealed that fAD mutant neurons had previously unreported defects in the recycling state of endocytosis and soma-to-axon transcytosis of APP and lipoproteins. The endocytosis reduction could be rescued through treatment with a β-secretase inhibitor. Our data suggest that accumulation of β-CTFs of APP, but not Aβ, slow vesicle formation from an endocytic recycling compartment marked by the transcytotic GTPase Rab11. We confirm previous results that endocytosis is affected in AD and extend these to uncover a neuron-specific defect. Decreased lipoprotein endocytosis and transcytosis to the axon suggest that a neuron-specific impairment in endocytic axonal delivery of lipoproteins and other key materials might compromise synaptic maintenance in fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Woodruff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sol M Reyna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mariah Dunlap
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rik Van Der Kant
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia A Callender
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Roberts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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42
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Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Teijido O, Carril JC. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1041-74. [PMID: 27291247 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The practical pharmacogenetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is circumscribed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine. However, pharmacogenetic procedures should be applied to novel strategies in AD therapeutics including: novel AChEIs and neurotransmitter regulators, anti-Aβ treatments, anti-tau treatments, pleiotropic products, epigenetic drugs and combination therapies. Genes involved in the pharmacogenetic network are under the influence of the epigenetic machinery which regulates gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, configuring the fundamentals of pharmacoepigenomics. Over 60% of AD patients present concomitant pathologies demanding additional treatments which increase the likelihood of drug-drug interactions. Lipid metabolism dysfunction is a pathogenic mechanism inherent to AD neurodegeneration. The therapeutic response to hypolipidemic compounds is influenced by the APOE and CYP genotypes. The development of novel compounds and the use of combination/multifactorial treatments require the implantation of pharmacogenomic procedures for the avoidance of ADRs and the optimization of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.,EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Clara Torrellas
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
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43
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Tien NT, Karaca I, Tamboli IY, Walter J. Trehalose Alters Subcellular Trafficking and the Metabolism of the Alzheimer-associated Amyloid Precursor Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10528-40. [PMID: 26957541 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose is commonly considered to stimulate autophagy. Cell treatment with trehalose could decrease cytosolic aggregates of potentially pathogenic proteins, including mutant huntingtin, α-synuclein, and phosphorylated tau that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate that trehalose also alters the metabolism of the Alzheimer disease-related amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cell treatment with trehalose decreased the degradation of full-length APP and its C-terminal fragments. Trehalose also reduced the secretion of the amyloid-β peptide. Biochemical and cell biological experiments revealed that trehalose alters the subcellular distribution and decreases the degradation of APP C-terminal fragments in endolysosomal compartments. Trehalose also led to strong accumulation of the autophagic marker proteins LC3-II and p62, and decreased the proteolytic activation of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D. The combined data indicate that trehalose decreases the lysosomal metabolism of APP by altering its endocytic vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Tien
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilker Karaca
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irfan Y Tamboli
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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44
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Time-Dependent Increase of Chitinase1 in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1604-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Lian H, Zheng H. Signaling pathways regulating neuron-glia interaction and their implications in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 136:475-91. [PMID: 26546579 PMCID: PMC4720533 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system. They play critical roles in neuronal homeostasis through their physical properties and neuron-glia signaling pathways. Astrocytes become reactive in response to neuronal injury and this process, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, is a common feature accompanying neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Reactive astrogliosis represents a continuum of pathobiological processes and is associated with morphological, functional, and gene expression changes of varying degrees. There has been a substantial growth of knowledge regarding the signaling pathways regulating glial biology and pathophysiology in recent years. Here, we attempt to provide an unbiased review of some of the well-known players, namely calcium, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor β, NFκB, and complement, in mediating neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions as well as in Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the role of astrocytic NFκB and calcium as well as astroglial secreted factors, including proteoglycans, TGFβ, and complement in mediating neuronal function and AD pathogenesis through direct interaction with neurons and through cooperation with microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lian
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University College of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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46
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Elbassal EA, Liu H, Morris C, Wojcikiewicz EP, Du D. Effects of Charged Cholesterol Derivatives on Aβ40 Amyloid Formation. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:59-68. [PMID: 26652010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanistic progess of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation is critical for elucidating the underlying pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report for the first time the effects of two cholesterol derivatives, negatively charged cholesterol sulfate (cholesterol-SO4) and positively charged 3β-[N-(dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-cholesterol), on the fibrillization of Aβ40. Our results demonstrate that both of the nonvesicular forms of cholesterol-SO4 and DC-cholesterol moderately accelerate the aggregation rate of Aβ40. This effect is similar to that observed for unmodified cholesterol, indicating the importance of hydrophobic interactions in binding of Aβ40 to these steroid molecules. Furthermore, we show that the vesicles formed at higher concentrations of anionic cholesterol-SO4 facilitate Aβ40 aggregation rate markedly. In contrast, the cationic DC-cholesterol vesicles show the ability to inhibit Aβ40 fibril formation under appropriate experimental conditions. The results suggest that the electrostatic interactions between Aβ40 and the charged vesicles can be of great importance in regulating Aβ40-vesicle interaction. Our results also indicate that the structural properties of the aggregates of the cholesterol derivatives, including the surface charge and the size of the vesicles, are critical in regulating the effects of these vesicles on Aβ40 aggregation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail A Elbassal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Clifford Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Ewa P Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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Bjerke M, Kern S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Waern M, Börjesson-Hanson A, Östling S, Kern J, Skoog I. Cerebrospinal Fluid Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 3 is Related to Dementia Development in a Population-Based Sample of Older Adult Women Followed for 8 Years. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 49:733-41. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bjerke
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Börjesson-Hanson
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svante Östling
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hatch E, Morrow D, Liu W, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Ethanol inhibits γ-secretase proteolytic activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2115-22. [PMID: 26443551 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) inhibits Notch-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, an event that is key in vessel remodeling and atherogenesis. The object of this study was to determine whether EtOH inhibits Notch signaling in SMC at the level of γ-secretase, a protease that in concert with α-secretase catalyzes the release of the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor necessary for signaling. METHODS Human coronary artery SMCs (HCASMCs) were treated with a recombinant soluble Notch ligand, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) (2 μg/ml), or transfected with a constitutively active Notch 1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), in the absence or presence of EtOH. EtOH (25 mM) treatment inhibited DLL4-stimulated CBF-1/RBP-Jk-dependent promoter activity (determined by luciferase assay) and downstream target gene HRT-3 mRNA levels. In contrast, EtOH had no effect on N1ICD-driven CBF-1/RBP-Jk-dependent promoter activity or HRT-3 expression. RESULTS These data suggest that EtOH inhibits Notch signaling at, or prior to, Notch intracellular domain (NICD) generation. γ-Secretase activity was determined in solubilized membrane preparations from HCASMC treated with/without EtOH (25 mM) or the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT (20 μM) using (i) a fluorometric assay and (ii) Western blot detection of cleavage products using a Flag-tagged Notch-based substrate, N100Flag. EtOH inhibited basal and DLL4-stimulated γ-secretase activity, and SMC growth to a similar extent as DAPT, whereas it had no effect on α-secretase (TACE/ADAM17) activity also determined by fluorometric assay. Moreover, EtOH treatment inhibited the expression of caveolin-1, a lipid raft protein implicated in regulating γ-secretase activity, and altered its cellular distribution in HCASMC. CONCLUSIONS EtOH inhibits Notch signaling in vascular SMCs at the level of γ-secretase activity, possibly by affecting lipid raft function. Such a response might be expected to result in attenuation of pathologic vessel remodeling and thus may contribute to moderate alcohols' cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Hatch
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - David Morrow
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Health Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Ceramides in Alzheimer's Disease: Key Mediators of Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress and Aβ Accumulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:346783. [PMID: 26090071 PMCID: PMC4458271 DOI: 10.1155/2015/346783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (phospho-tau) protein. Ceramides, the major molecules of sphingolipid metabolism and lipid second messengers, have been associated with AD progression and pathology via Aβ generation. Enhanced levels of ceramides directly increase Aβ through stabilization of β-secretase, the key enzyme in the amyloidogenic processing of Aβ precursor protein (APP). As a positive feedback loop, the generated oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ induces a further increase in ceramide levels by activating sphingomyelinases that catalyze the catabolic breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide. Evidence also supports important role of ceramides in neuronal apoptosis. Ceramides may initiate a cascade of biochemical alterations, which ultimately leads to neuronal death by diverse mechanisms, including depolarization and permeabilization of mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 depletion, and caspase-3 activation, mainly by modulating intracellular signalling, particularly along the pathways related to Akt/PKB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). This review summarizes recent findings related to the role of ceramides in oxidative stress-driven neuronal apoptosis and interplay with Aβ in the cascade of events ending in neuronal degeneration.
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50
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Audoy-Rémus J, Bozoyan L, Dumas A, Filali M, Lecours C, Lacroix S, Rivest S, Tremblay ME, Vallières L. GPR84 deficiency reduces microgliosis, but accelerates dendritic degeneration and cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:112-20. [PMID: 25637481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia surrounds the amyloid plaques that form in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their role is controversial. Under inflammatory conditions, these cells can express GPR84, an orphan receptor whose pathophysiological role is unknown. Here, we report that GPR84 is upregulated in microglia of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, a model of AD. Without GPR84, these mice display both accelerated cognitive decline and a reduced number of microglia, especially in areas surrounding plaques. The lack of GPR84 affects neither plaque formation nor hippocampal neurogenesis, but promotes dendritic degeneration. Furthermore, GPR84 does not influence the clinical progression of other diseases in which its expression has been reported, i.e., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and endotoxic shock. We conclude that GPR84 plays a beneficial role in amyloid pathology by acting as a sensor for a yet unknown ligand that promotes microglia recruitment, a response affecting dendritic degeneration and required to prevent further cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Audoy-Rémus
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Lusine Bozoyan
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Aline Dumas
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Filali
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lecours
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Vallières
- Axis of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center of Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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