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de Figueiredo FV, Santos GRBD, Vidal FCB, da Silva MACN, da Silva RL, da Silva Batista Z, de Andrade MS, Barbosa MDCL, Maniçoba ACBN, da Silva MCP, Nascimento MDDSB. Impact of HPV-16 Lineages Infection in Response to Radio-Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2069. [PMID: 37509708 PMCID: PMC10377310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV is strongly related to cervical cancer. HPV lineages can contribute to a response to cervical cancer therapy. The aim of this research was to estimate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 lineages in specimens of cervical cancer, relate the pathological factors in these variants, and assess their response to treatment with radical chemoradiotherapy. METHODS Samples of cervical cancer were collected from women who were referred to a reference cancer hospital to test the presence of human papillomavirus-type DNA. The standard protocol of this service consisted of cisplatin-based chemotherapy of 40 mg/m2, plus conventional pelvic irradiation in doses of 45-50.4 Gy and high dose-rate brachytherapy of 28-30 Gy to Point A. The response to chemotherapy was evaluated after three months in patients with the HPV-16 lineage. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 104 (88.1%) of the 118 patients. HPV-16 was present in 63 patients (53%). Lineages of HPV-16 were identified in 57 patients and comprised 33 instances of (57.8%) lineage A, 2 instances of lineage B (3.5%), 2 instances of lineage C (3.5%), and 20 instances of (35.0%) lineage D. The median age of the patients was 48.4 years (range 25-85 years). Squamous cell carcinoma was detected 48 times (84.2%). Adenocarcinoma was more likely to occur in lineage D, as three of the four cases occurred in this lineage. A total of 11 patients with the HPV-16 variant were treated with chemoradiotherapy. After three months, it was observed that nine of the eleven patients (81.8%) achieved a complete response, five with the lineage A type, two with the lineage C type, and two with the lineage D type. The two cases of partial response and disease progression, one of each, occurred in lineage A. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the small number of patients and HPV variants, we noticed a better response in patients with the HPV-16 lineage A. Increasing the sample size could be helpful to better assess the impact of HPV variants on cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Lopes da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Zulmira da Silva Batista
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil
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Jiang R, Zhang J, Liao Z, Zhu W, Su H, Zhang Y, Su J. Temperature-regulated type II grass carp reovirus establishes latent infection in Ctenopharyngodon idella brain. Virol Sin 2023:S1995-820X(23)00044-5. [PMID: 37137379 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes extensive infection and death in grass carp and black carp fingerlings, with a highly seasonal prevalence. Previous studies suggested that GCRV can become latent after primary infection. In this study, we investigated type II GCRV (GCRV-II) latency in asymptomatic grass carp with GCRV infection or exposure history. We found that during latent infection, GCRV-II was detectable only in the brain of grass carp, unlike the multi-tissue distribution observed in natural infection. GCRV-II only caused damage to the brain during latent infection, while in natural infection, brain, heart, and eye tissues had relatively higher viral loads. We also discovered viral inclusion bodies in infected fish brains. Additionally, GCRV-II distribution in grass carp was notably affected by ambient temperature, with the virus targeting the brain only during low temperatures and multi-tissue distribution during high temperatures. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of GCRV-II latent infection and reactivation and contributes to the prevention and control of GCRV pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Gholizadeh O, Yekanipour Z, Kivi S, Farahbod F, Aqayinejad M, Tasoujizade Y, Yasamineh S, Amini P, Akbarzadeh S, Hajiesmaeili M, Poortahmasebi V. Review of the evidence of the effects of human papillomavirus infection and Gardnerella vaginalis, and their co-infection on infertility. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105980. [PMID: 36642287 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A prevalent sexually transmitted infection, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is typically obtained just after the first sexual activity. The majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic and temporary. Cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers can occur due to recurrent infections with high-risk (hr)-HPV strains, generally decades later. Infections with HPV are significantly associated with reproductive function abnormalities. Per recent research, HPV infections may result in male infertility by reducing sperm motility. The hr-HPV infection was a risk factor for miscarriage, and the indiscriminate HPV genotype increased the probability of premature labor unexpectedly. Women's endometrial trophoblastic cell implantation is decreased by HPV. Gardnerella vaginalis (GV), an anaerobic bacterium that is a component of the natural vaginal flora, can be associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) when it starts to overgrow and emerge as the dominant species. Reduced Lactobacillus species abundance and GV are linked to female infertility. Data from in vitro studies suggests that sialidase produced by GV may facilitate the entry and growth of papilloma and other sexually transmitted viruses. Also, based on some studies conducted in the past, it can be said that GV and BV are associated with the development of uterine cancer. However, there is still not enough information about the exact mechanism of GV and HPV in causing infertility, which requires more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Yekanipour
- Department of Microbiology, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Setareh Kivi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Farahbod
- Obstetric & Gynecologist Specialist, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Aqayinejad
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yalda Tasoujizade
- Health System Research (HSR), Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parya Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sama Akbarzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Hajiesmaeili
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kurnia I, Rauf S, Hatta M, Arifuddin S, Hidayat YM, Natzir R, Kaelan C, Bukhari A, Pelupessy NU, Patelonggi IJ. Molecular Patho-mechanisms of cervical cancer (MMP1). Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103415. [PMID: 35444805 PMCID: PMC9014365 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Kurnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Syahrul Rauf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sharvianty Arifuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yudi Maulana Hidayat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rosdiana Natzir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Cahyo Kaelan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nugraha Utama Pelupessy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Jaya Patelonggi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Krishnappa SL, David CM, Ramnarayan BK, Kanaparthi A, Krishnappa SL, Dukkireddy D. Salivary detection of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction in the South Indian population. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1017-1024. [PMID: 34528558 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_957_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a potential carcinogen. There are several types of HPV, of which type 16 has been strongly implicated in carcinogenesis. HPV16 in saliva can potentially facilitate early detection of subclinical cases that may warrant further diagnosis, monitoring and intervention. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV 16 in saliva and lesional tissue of OSCC and to determine the use of saliva as an alternative non invasive diagnostic tool in HPV16 identification. Materials and methods 30 cases of Histopathologically confirmed OSCC with HPV positive on ELISA were taken up for the study. The tumour tissue and saliva sample of each patient were obtained to detect the presence of specific HPV16 genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data was subjected to statistical analysis using Student t-test. Results In our study we found 28/30, 26/30 positive for HPV 16 in tissue and saliva samples respectively on PCR analysis. The P value was statistically significant (0.00). Conclusion The study revealed significant prevalence of HPV 16 among both tissue and salivary specimens of OSCC patients in south Indian population. Though, the yielded content was relatively less in saliva, it can be concluded that, saliva being a non invasive tool proved to be as useful as tissue specimen and can be used as an alternative indicator of HPV16 positivity in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya L Krishnappa
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaya M David
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B K Ramnarayan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Alekhya Kanaparthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Suprith L Krishnappa
- Department of ENT, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Dukkireddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Deignan C, Swartz A, Cooper S, Colvin CJ. Stakeholders' Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050496. [PMID: 34065961 PMCID: PMC8150903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders' understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Deignan
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)66-422-3846
| | - Alison Swartz
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Sara Cooper
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7501, South Africa;
| | - Christopher J. Colvin
- The Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (A.S.); (C.J.C.)
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Sarkar P, Malik S, Laha S, Das S, Bunk S, Ray JG, Chatterjee R, Saha A. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:614448. [PMID: 33708627 PMCID: PMC7940518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with specific pathogens and alterations in tissue commensal microbial composition are intricately associated with the development of many human cancers. Likewise, dysbiosis of oral microbiome was also shown to play critical role in the initiation as well as progression of oral cancer. However, there are no reports portraying changes in oral microbial community in the patients of Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer per year, globally. To establish the association of bacterial dysbiosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among the Indian population, malignant lesions and anatomically matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from fifty well-differentiated OSCC patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon based sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Interestingly, in contrast to the previous studies, a significantly lower bacterial diversity was observed in the malignant samples as compared to the normal counterpart. Overall our study identified Prevotella, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Deinococcus and Noviherbaspirillum as significantly enriched genera, whereas genera including Actinomyces, Sutterella, Stenotrophomonas, Anoxybacillus, and Serratia were notably decreased in the OSCC lesions. Moreover, we demonstrated HPV-16 but not HPV-18 was significantly associated with the OSCC development. In future, with additional validation, this panel could directly be applied into clinical diagnostic and prognostic workflows for OSCC in Indian scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purandar Sarkar
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samaresh Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantan Laha
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shantanab Das
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumya Bunk
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Abhik Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oral and Oropharyngeal Rinse and Gargle Specimens of Dental Patients and of an HIV-Positive Cohort from Pretoria, South Africa. Adv Virol 2020; 2020:2395219. [PMID: 32908509 PMCID: PMC7471795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2395219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies on HPV prevalence in the head and neck region of South Africans are sparse. Of the available reports in the literature, there were no studies on the association between HPV-DNA presence in the mouth and oropharynx in relation to high-risk behaviours such as oral sex practice or tobacco and alcohol use. Materials and Methods Following ethical clearance and informed consent, patients attending a regional HIV-management clinic and patients attending a dental hospital were recruited to this study. The participants completed an interview-based questionnaire obtaining demographic information, data on HIV serostatus, and behavioural data including sexual practices and tobacco and alcohol use, and a rinse-and-gargle specimen was taken. Specimens were analysed for HPV DNA on 3 separate PCR/qPCR platforms. Statistical analyses were performed for associations between the study group and categorical variables, HPV status, and data from the questionnaires. Results Of 221 participants, 149 were from a general population and 72 from the HIV-management clinic. Smokers comprised 29.4% of the sample, and 45.2% of participants reported to have ever used alcohol. Open mouth kissing during teenage years was confirmed by 64.7% of participants, 40.3% have given oral sex with their mouth, and 44.8% confirmed to have received oral sex from their partner's mouth. Seven participants (3.2%) had detectable α-HPV DNA, and 1 (0.4%) had detectable β-HPV DNA in their rinse-and-gargle specimens. Two participants were from the HIV-management clinic and 6 from the general dental population (overall 3.6%). Conclusion Five high-risk HPV, 2 low-risk HPV, and one β-HPV types were detected. The low prevalence of 3.6% compares well to similar studies in different cohorts studied in South Africa and falls within the global oral/oropharyngeal prevalence spectrum. Only 4 participants, all from the HIV-management clinic, had palatine tonsils. No significant relationships were found between HPV presence and demographic data or sexual, oral sexual, tobacco use, or alcohol use, and no associations were seen with numbers of sexual and oral-sex partners.
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Sirur DG, Tamgadge A, Tamgadge S, Bhalerao S, Gujjar PK. Correlation of p53 Expression with Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Human Papillomavirus in Oral Leukoplakia. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:81-88. [PMID: 33282682 PMCID: PMC7703018 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_44_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is strongly associated with the habit of tobacco chewing, alcohol, and betel quid consumption in India. However, sometimes, majority of the population develop oral cancer without exposure to these risk factors and are sometimes cautious about their fitness, suggesting that additional causes such as genetic predisposition, diet, and viral agents may be associated which need to explored. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to establish a possible correlation between clinical types of leukoplakia with their histopathological features of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence or absence of HPV and expression of p53through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials and Methods Sample comprised of 40 cases of leukoplakia and 10 cases as control group. Three sections were prepared from each biopsy and subjected to IHC and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain, respectively. IHC-stained slides were used to evaluate the expression of p53 and HPV and then correlated with the features of HPV infection using H and E staining. Chi-square test with a statistical analysis software package (SPSS software Version 20.0) was used. Observation and Results The P value for p53 against HPV (IHC) was 0.012, which indicates a significant difference between positivity proportion of P53 and HPV (IHC), whereas the P value for koilocyte and HPV (IHC) is 0.311, which is nonsignificant and indicates no significance of difference between proportion of positivity between koilocyte and HPV (IHC). Conclusion The expression of p53 was proportionally significant to the expression of positivity of HPV, but there was no significant association between koilocyte and p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Gururaj Sirur
- Department of Oral Pathology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir Bhalerao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Gujjar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Pfaff F, Hägglund S, Zoli M, Blaise-Boisseau S, Laloy E, Koethe S, Zühlke D, Riedel K, Zientara S, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Valarcher JF, Höper D, Beer M, Eschbaumer M. Proteogenomics Uncovers Critical Elements of Host Response in Bovine Soft Palate Epithelial Cells Following In Vitro Infection with Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E53. [PMID: 30642035 PMCID: PMC6356718 DOI: 10.3390/v11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most devastating disease of cloven-hoofed livestock, with a crippling economic burden in endemic areas and immense costs associated with outbreaks in free countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus, will spread rapidly in naïve populations, reaching morbidity rates of up to 100% in cattle. Even after recovery, over 50% of cattle remain subclinically infected and infectious virus can be recovered from the nasopharynx. The pathogen and host factors that contribute to FMDV persistence are currently not understood. Using for the first time primary bovine soft palate multilayers in combination with proteogenomics, we analyzed the transcriptional responses during acute and persistent FMDV infection. During the acute phase viral RNA and protein was detectable in large quantities and in response hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) were overexpressed, mediating antiviral activity and apoptosis. Although the number of pro-apoptotic ISGs and the extent of their regulation decreased during persistence, some ISGs with antiviral activity were still highly expressed at that stage. This indicates a long-lasting but ultimately ineffective stimulation of ISGs during FMDV persistence. Furthermore, downregulation of relevant genes suggests an interference with the extracellular matrix that may contribute to the skewed virus-host equilibrium in soft palate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sara Hägglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host-pathogen interaction group, Division of Ruminant Medicine, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Martina Zoli
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, UMR 1161 virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Eve Laloy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, UMR 1161 virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
- Biopôle EnvA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Susanne Koethe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Stephan Zientara
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, UMR 1161 virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Labib Bakkali-Kassimi
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, UMR 1161 virologie, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Jean-François Valarcher
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host-pathogen interaction group, Division of Ruminant Medicine, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany.
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Establishment and characterization of an oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line from a never-smoking patient. Oral Oncol 2017; 69:1-10. [PMID: 28559012 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rising incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) in patients who have never smoked and the paucity of knowledge of its biological behavior prompted us to develop a new cell line originating from a never-smoker. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh tumor tissue of keratinizing OTSCC was collected from a 44-year-old woman who had never smoked. Serum-free media with a low calcium concentration were used in cell culture, and a multifaceted approach was taken to verify and characterize the cell line, designated UCSF-OT-1109. RESULTS UCSF-OT-1109 was authenticated by STR DNA fingerprint analysis, presence of an epithelial marker EpCAM, absence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA, and SCC-specific microscopic appearance. Sphere-forming assays supported its tumorigenic potential. Spectral karyotype (SKY) analysis revealed numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified 46 non-synonymous and 13 synonymous somatic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one frameshift deletion in the coding regions. Specifically, mutations of CDKN2A, TP53, SPTBN5, NOTCH2, and FAM136A were found in the databases. Copy number aberration (CNA) analysis revealed that the cell line loses chromosome 3p and 9p, but lacks amplification of 3q and 11q (as does HPV-negative, smoking-unrelated OTSCC). It also exhibits four distinctive focal amplifications in chromosome 19p, containing 131 genes without SNPs. Particularly, 52 genes showed >3- to 4-fold amplification and could be potential oncogenic drivers. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a novel OTSCC cell line from a never-smoking patient. UCSF-OT-1109 is potentially a robust experimental model of OTSCC in never-smokers.
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12
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Ilea A, Boşca B, MiclĂuş V, Rus V, BĂbţan AM, CÂmpian RS. Human papillomavirus infection in the oromaxillofacial area: Clinical anatomy and histological considerations. Clin Anat 2015; 28:1002-7. [PMID: 26331491 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the head and neck can range from benign lesions, which are the most frequent, to malignant lesions. The prevalence of head and neck cancer is increasing, despite currently decreasing trends in known risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use. A new patient profile has appeared in recent practice: most frequently a middle-aged male patient who does not smoke or drink alcohol, is sexually active (possibly having multiple partners), and presents with oral or cervicofacial lesions requiring diagnosis and treatment. Another risk factor that should be considered in these patients is HPV infection. The association of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with HPV is a challenge for the medical practitioner. The gold standard for diagnosis is histopathological examination, which can also yield evidence suggesting HPV infection. Determination of the viral genotype provides additional data for assessing the oncological risk of an HPV infection. Treatment of these patients is aimed at removing the lesions, in association or not with antiviral treatment and recurrence control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Boşca
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viorel MiclĂuş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca
| | - Vasile Rus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca
| | - Anida Maria BĂbţan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, "Iuliu Haṭieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dentistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu CÂmpian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dentistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Gupta S, Gupta S. Role of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: A review of the literature. Indian J Dent 2015; 6:91-8. [PMID: 26097339 PMCID: PMC4455162 DOI: 10.4103/0975-962x.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses with an affinity for keratinocytes and are principally found in the anogenital tract, urethra, skin, larynx, tracheobronchial and oral mucosa. On the basis of high, but variable frequency of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), malignant potential of HPV infection has been hypothesized but not definitely confirmed. The aim of this review was to highlight the genomic structure and possible mechanism of infection and carcinogenesis by HPV in the oral mucosa and to review the frequency of HPV prevalence in OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders. A computer database search was performed through the use of PubMed from 1994 to 2014. Search keywords used were: HPV and oral cancer, HPV and oral leukoplakia, HPV and oral lichen planus, HPV and OSCC, HPV and verrucous carcinoma, HPV and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, HPV and oral papilloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Comparison of the prevalence of human papilloma virus infection in histopathologically confirmed premalignant oral lesions and healthy oral mucosa by brush smear detection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Bermeo-Escalona JR, González-López BS, Ramón-Gallegos E, Mendieta-Zerón H. Effectiveness of Toki's criteria and determination of variables for identification of HPV L1 protein in oral lesions. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e538-44. [PMID: 24880448 PMCID: PMC4259367 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Toki’s criteria in identifying the HPV L1 protein in oral lesions with the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to determine which criteria optimize such identification.
Study Design: Retrospective study of 277 cases diagnosed as HPV lesions at 22 years. Tests of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), kappa coefficients, and chi2 values, as well as two logistic regression analyses (p≤0.05), were conducted.
Results: Of the lesions studied, 96.4% (267 of 277) were positive for HPV using Toki’s criteria and 28.5% (79 of 277) were positive for L1 by IHC. Toki’s criteria showed sensitivity=93.67%, specificity=2.53%, PPV=6.99%, and NPV=46.55%. Neither concordance nor statistically significant associations were observed between both tests. The logistic regression of Toki’s criteria was useful in the diagnosis of L1, correctly classified 71.8% of the lesions positive for L1, and showed a Hosmer-Lemeshow adjustment of p=0.614 and a Nagelkerke’s coefficient of determination of 6.8%. The explanatory variables statistically significant at p≤0.05 were dyskeratosis (p=0.01) and papillomatosis (p=0.04). Forty-nine independent variables (clinical and histopathologic) were involved in the second regression analysis. The model correctly classified 85.2% of the lesions and showed a Hosmer-Lemeshow adjustment of p=0.696 and a Nagelkerke’s coefficient of determination of 60.2%. The explanatory variables statistically significant atp≤0.05 were: age younger than 35 years (p=0.001), multiple lesions (p=0.031), hyperorthokeratosis (p=0.019), focal intracellular edema (p=0.002), and the presence of 1 to more than 5 cells with degenerative changes in their nucleus (p=0.048).
Conclusions: Toki’s criteria are not adequate to make a diagnosis of lesions by HPV in the mouth, but the logistic regression analysis showed clinical and histopathologic variables which optimize the identification of lesions through the L1 protein. However, a PCR study is advisable when the presence of high-risk HPV is suspected.
Key words:HPV, Toki’s criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué-Roberto Bermeo-Escalona
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, CIEAO, Facultad de Odontología, Jesús Carranza 100, Colonia Universidad, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50130, México,
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16
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Gaester K, Fonseca LAM, Luiz O, Assone T, Fontes AS, Costa F, Duarte AJS, Casseb J. Human papillomavirus infection in oral fluids of HIV-1-positive men: prevalence and risk factors. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6592. [PMID: 25322857 PMCID: PMC5377573 DOI: 10.1038/srep06592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The natural history of oral HPV infection is unclear, and its risk factors have not been explored. Immunocompromised individuals, as exemplified by HIV patients, are at high risk for HPV-related diseases. The mean of this study is to determine the prevalence of HPV in the oral tract of HIV-1-positive male subjects and its association with risk factors. A total of 283 oral wash samples from HIV-1-positive men were tested. The oral fluid samples were used for DNA extraction and conventional PCR amplification; HPV genotyping was performed by hybridization. HPV genotyping revealed that nine samples (3.5%) were positive for HPV DNA; the major high-risk HPV types identified were 51 and 66. Worldwide studies have shown a variable prevalence of oral HPV. The diversity of genotypes and the high prevalence of multiple infections in HIV-infected subjects can be better explained by the effects of HIV-induced immunosuppression. The most important risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, but other factors for this infection have been described elsewhere including smoking, age and HIV-positive serostatus. In this study, smoking was the most important risk factor for acquiring oral HPV in HIV-1-infected subjects in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gaester
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. M. Fonseca
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Olinda Luiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Assone
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriele Souza Fontes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Costa
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto J. S. Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
A wide range of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes have been detected in oral mucosa. Clinical infections with low-risk genotypes manifest as squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, or multifocal epithelial hyperplasia. Clinical infections with high-risk genotypes have been associated with malignant lesions. The most common genotype isolated from subclinical infection is HPV-16. A causal role for HPV in carcinogenesis of oral squamous carcinoma is minimal. Ongoing vaccination against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 is expected to decrease the spread of infection and decrease the carcinogenic potential of HPV-16 in the oropharynx and oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Pringle
- Oral Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19040, USA.
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18
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McCord C, Xu J, Xu W, Qiu X, Muhanna N, Irish J, Leong I, McComb RJ, Perez-Ordonez B, Bradley G. Association of human papilloma virus with atypical and malignant oral papillary lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:722-32. [PMID: 24703405 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine atypical and malignant papillary oral lesions for low- and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to correlate HPV infection with clinical and pathologic features. STUDY DESIGN Sections of 28 atypical papillary lesions (APLs) and 14 malignant papillary lesions (MPLs) were examined for HPV by in situ hybridization and for p16 and MIB-1 by immunohistochemistry; 24 conventional papillomas were studied for comparison. RESULTS Low-risk HPV was found in 10 of 66 cases, including 9 APLs and 1 papilloma. All low-risk HPV-positive cases showed suprabasilar MIB-1 staining, and the agreement was statistically significant (P < .0001). Diffuse p16 staining combined with high-risk HPV was not seen in any of the cases. A subset of HPV(-) APLs progressed to carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Oral papillary lesions are a heterogeneous group. Low-risk HPV infection is associated with a subset of APLs with a benign clinical course. Potentially malignant APLs and MPLs are not associated with low- or high-risk HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McCord
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jing Xu
- Applied Molecular Profiling Laboratory, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nidal Muhanna
- Department of Surgical Oncology/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Irish
- Department of Surgical Oncology/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iona Leong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Grace Bradley
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Bharti AH, Chotaliya K, Marfatia YS. An update on oral human papillomavirus infection. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2013; 34:77-82. [PMID: 24339456 PMCID: PMC3841675 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7184.120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes the majority of newly acquired sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in United States as per the centers for disease control factsheet 2013. Genital HPV is the most common STI with incidence of about 5.5 million world-wide, nearly 75% of sexually active men and women have been exposed to HPV at some point in their lives. Oral Sexual behavior is an important contributor to infection of HPV in the oral mucosa especially in cases known to practice high risk behavior and initiating the same at an early age. HPV infection of the oral mucosa currents is believed to affect 1-50% of the general population, depending on the method used for diagnosis. The immune system clears most HPV naturally within 2 years (about 90%), but the ones that persist can cause serious diseases. HPV is an essential carcinogen being implicated increasingly in association with cancers occurring at numerous sites in the body. Though there does not occur any specific treatment for the HPV infection, the diseases it causes are treatable such as genital warts, cervical and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit H. Bharti
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Chotaliya
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Y. S. Marfatia
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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20
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Cancian L, Hansen A, Boshoff C. Cellular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cell reprogramming. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:421-32. [PMID: 23685018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy in untreated HIV patients. KS is characterised by abnormal neoangiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation of tumour cells [KS spindle cells (SCs)]. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the aetiological agent of KS. KS SCs are the predominant KSHV-infected cells in KS lesions. In this review, we report advances in understanding of the cellular origin of the KS SC, a contentious topic in KSHV research. KS SCs are now known to be of endothelial cell (EC) origin, phenotypically most similar to lymphatic ECs (LECs), but poorly differentiated. We focus on recent insights into KSHV's ability to exploit the normal differentiation pathway and intrinsic plasticity of ECs, through manipulation of EC-specific transcriptional regulators [i.e., prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) and MAF] and discuss how this may contribute to viral persistence and KS sarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Cancian
- UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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21
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Bharti AH, Chotaliya K, Marfatia YS. An update on oral human papillomavirus infection. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2013. [PMID: 24339456 PMCID: PMC3841675 DOI: 10.4103/2589-0557.120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes the majority of newly acquired sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in United States as per the centers for disease control factsheet 2013. Genital HPV is the most common STI with incidence of about 5.5 million world-wide, nearly 75% of sexually active men and women have been exposed to HPV at some point in their lives. Oral Sexual behavior is an important contributor to infection of HPV in the oral mucosa especially in cases known to practice high risk behavior and initiating the same at an early age. HPV infection of the oral mucosa currents is believed to affect 1-50% of the general population, depending on the method used for diagnosis. The immune system clears most HPV naturally within 2 years (about 90%), but the ones that persist can cause serious diseases. HPV is an essential carcinogen being implicated increasingly in association with cancers occurring at numerous sites in the body. Though there does not occur any specific treatment for the HPV infection, the diseases it causes are treatable such as genital warts, cervical and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit H. Bharti
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ankit H. Bharti, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara - 390 001, Gujarat, India. E-mail: Dr. Y. S. Marfatia, Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara - 390 001, Gujarat, India. E-mail:
| | - Kiran Chotaliya
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Y. S. Marfatia
- Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Raopura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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22
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Liang C, Marsit CJ, McClean MD, Nelson HH, Christensen BC, Haddad RI, Clark JR, Wein RO, Grillone GA, Houseman EA, Halec G, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Krane JF, Kelsey KT. Biomarkers of HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5004-13. [PMID: 22991304 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an accepted cause of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and patients with HPV-associated HNSCC have a favorable prognosis. Currently, there is no general guidance on the most appropriate biomarkers for clinical assessment of HPV in these malignancies. We compared PCR-based and serologic HPV assays, as well as p16 immunohistochemistry, individually and in combination in a single population-based study to assess their associations with overall survival among patients with HNSCC, and thus their potential value as biomarkers. HPV16 serology was determined for 488 patients; immunohistochemical detection of p16 expression in tumors was conducted in a subset of 233 cases, and PCR-based methods to assess the presence of HPV16 DNA in a subset of 179 cases of tumors. Considering each biomarker individually in the subset of patients studied for all endpoints, seropositivity for the E6 and E7 proteins was significantly associated with enhanced all-cause survival in oropharyngeal disease [HR(E6/E7+) = 0.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02-0.3]. Neither the presence of HPV16 DNA nor p16 immunostaining was associated with significant enhanced overall survival in oropharyngeal disease (HR(DNA) = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.3-2.9; HR(p16) = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-1.1). However, the combination of HPV-positive DNA and E6 or E7 serology was associated with enhanced overall survival in oropharyngeal disease (HR(DNA+/E6/E7+) = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02-1.0), whereas E6/E7 seronegative patients with evidence of HPV in tumor DNA did not show any evidence of favorable survival (HR(DNA+/E6-/E7-) = 3.4, 95% CI = 0.6-18.1). Furthermore, patients with p16 staining and E6 or E7 seropositivity had favorable survival from oropharyngeal disease (HR(p16+/E6/E7+) = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02-0.4), whereas patients who were p16 positive and E6/E7 seronegative had significantly increased hazard of all causes of death (HR(p16+/E6-/E7-) = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2-7.7). A stronger association of HPV presence with prognosis (assessed by all-cause survival) is observed when "HPV-associated" HNSCC is defined using tumor status (HPV DNA status or P16) and HPV E6/E7 serology in combination rather using tumor HPV status alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Kostareli E, Holzinger D, Hess J. New Concepts for Translational Head and Neck Oncology: Lessons from HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2012; 2:36. [PMID: 22655271 PMCID: PMC3356125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is well established as an etiological agent responsible for a number of pathologies affecting the stratified epithelia of skin and anogenital sites. More recently, the infection by (mucosal) high-risk HPV types has also been found to be causally associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region (HNSCC), especially in the oropharynx. Intriguingly, HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) represent a distinct clinical entity compared to HPV-negative tumors with particular regard to treatment–response and survival outcome. The association between HPV infection and OPSCC may therefore have important implications for the prevention and/or treatment of OPSCC. The improved survival of patients with HPV-related tumors also raises the question, as to whether a better understanding of the underlying differences may help to identify new therapeutic concepts that could be used in targeted therapy for HPV-negative and improved therapy for HPV-positive cancers. This review summarizes the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular principles of HPV-related OPSCC, mainly based on functional genomic approaches, but also emphasizes the significant role played by the tumor microenvironment, especially the immune system, for improved clinical outcome and differential sensitivity of HPV-related tumors to current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Kostareli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Research Group Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Oral Leukoplakia as It Relates to HPV Infection: A Review. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:540561. [PMID: 22505902 PMCID: PMC3299253 DOI: 10.1155/2012/540561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity and can be categorised according to its clinical appearance as homogeneous or nonhomogenous. Tobacco and areca nut use, either alone or in combination are the most common risk factors for oral leukoplakia, but some oral leukoplakias are idiopathic. Some leukoplakias arise within fields of precancerized oral epithelium in which the keratinocytes may be at different stages of cytogenetic transformation. Leukoplakias may unpredictably regress, may remain stable, or may progress to carcinoma. There is a greater risk of carcinomatous transformation of idiopathic leukoplakia, of non-homogenous leukoplakia, of leukoplakia affecting the floor of the mouth; the ventrolateral surface of the tongue and the maxillary retromolar and adjoining soft palate (collectively called high-risk sites), of leukoplakia with high-grade epithelial dysplasia, and of leukoplakia in which the keratinocytes carry cytogenetic alterations associated with carcinomatous transformation. Although there appears to be some link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral leukoplakia, there is little evidence to support a causal relationship either between HPV infection and oral leukoplakia or between HPV-infected leukoplakic keratinocytes and their carcinomatous transformation.
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Turner DO, Williams-Cocks SJ, Bullen R, Catmull J, Falk J, Martin D, Mauer J, Barber AE, Wang RC, Gerstenberger SL, Kingsley K. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and detection in healthy patient saliva samples: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2011; 11:28. [PMID: 21985030 PMCID: PMC3200164 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a large family of non-enveloped DNA viruses, mainly associated with cervical cancers. Recent epidemiologic evidence has suggested that HPV may be an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal cancers. Evidence now suggests HPV may modulate the malignancy process in some tobacco- and alcohol-induced oropharynx tumors, but might also be the primary oncogenic factor for inducing carcinogenesis among some non-smokers. More evidence, however, is needed regarding oral HPV prevalence among healthy adults to estimate risk. The goal of this study was to perform an HPV screening of normal healthy adults to assess oral HPV prevalence. Methods Healthy adult patients at a US dental school were selected to participate in this pilot study. DNA was isolated from saliva samples and screened for high-risk HPV strains HPV16 and HPV18 and further processed using qPCR for quantification and to confirm analytical sensitivity and specificity. Results Chi-square analysis revealed the patient sample was representative of the general clinic population with respect to gender, race and age (p < 0.05). Four patient samples were found to harbor HPV16 DNA, representing 2.6% of the total (n = 151). Three of the four HPV16-positive samples were from patients under 65 years of age and all four were female and Hispanic (non-White). No samples tested positive for HPV18. Conclusions The successful recruitment and screening of healthy adult patients revealed HPV16, but not HPV18, was present in a small subset. These results provide new information about oral HPV status, which may help to contextualize results from other studies that demonstrate oral cancer rates have risen in the US among both females and minorities and in some geographic areas that are not solely explained by rates of tobacco and alcohol use. The results of this study may be of significant value to further our understanding of oral health and disease risk, as well as to help design future studies exploring the role of other factors that influence oral HPV exposure, as well as the short- and long-term consequences of oral HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre O Turner
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas - School of Community Health Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Cantley RL, Gabrielli E, Montebelli F, Cimbaluk D, Gattuso P, Petruzzelli G. Ancillary studies in determining human papillomavirus status of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a review. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:138469. [PMID: 21772959 PMCID: PMC3137958 DOI: 10.4061/2011/138469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and pharynx represents the sixth most common form of malignancy worldwide. A significant proportion of these cases are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In general, HPV-associated SCC is more commonly nonkeratinizing and poorly differentiated, whereas non-HPV-associated SCC is typically keratinizing and moderately differentiated. Nevertheless, significant overlap in morphology is seen between these two forms of SCC. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the utility of ancillary studies in the establishment of HPV status of oropharyngeal SCC, including p16 immunohistochemistry, high-risk HPV in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and newer HPV detection modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Cantley
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, 1850 W. Harrison Street, 570 Jelke Building, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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