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Thomson EE, Kelly ET, Beltman ME, Ryan EG. A retrospective case series of the surgical management of thirty-one penile fibropapilloma cases presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital (UCDVH) between 2017 and 2023. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:6. [PMID: 38689369 PMCID: PMC11059740 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile fibropapilloma is a condition caused by bovine papilloma virus and is frequently encountered in young bulls. Penile fibropapillomatosis is thought to be spread through homosexual mounting behaviour. Fibropapillomas of the penis are painful, often bleed and can impede normal intromission. Treatment may range from allowing time for slow, spontaneous regression to surgical resection but recurrence following surgery is reported by some authors. CASE PRESENTATION Thirty one bulls that were presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital from March 2017 to March 2023 for surgical resection of penile fibropapillomas were included in this retrospective case series. Twenty-seven of the 31 bulls (87%) were under two years of age. The majority (42%) of bulls presented were Hereford, but Angus, Charolais, Holstein-Friesian and Limousin breeds were also seen. Following examination and diagnosis of penile fibropapilloma, regional anaesthesia (xylazine-procaine epidural and internal pudendal nerve block) and standing surgical intervention (resection and cautery) was performed in each case. Phone call follow-up was performed by one author (EET) in all 31 cases and 2 cases out of the 28 that were contactable showed post-surgical recurrence of penile fibropapillomatosis (i.e., 7.1% recurrence rate). CONCLUSION This case series summarises the history and presenting findings of 31 bovine penile fibropapilloma cases and describes a regional anaesthetic and standing surgical approach for successful case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh Elizabeth Thomson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Emmet Thomas Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marijke Eileen Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Eoin Gerard Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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2
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Vafapour Z, Tabatabaie FH, Hosseini SY, Haghighat S, Hashemi SMA, Moattari A, Sarvari J. Sequence variation of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and healthy volunteer subjects. Arch Virol 2023; 169:1. [PMID: 38063941 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-related malignancies have been linked to variations in the sequences of EBV genes, notably EBNA1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the DBD/DD domain and USP7 binding domain sequences at the C-terminus of the EBNA1 gene in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study included 40 CLL patients and 21 healthy volunteers. Using commercial kits, total DNA was extracted from buffy coat samples, and each sample was tested for the presence of the EBV genome. The C-terminus of EBNA1 was then amplified from positive samples, using nested PCR. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the PCR products, and the results were analyzed using MEGA11 software. The mean ages of CLL patients and healthy individuals were 61.07 ± 10.2 and 59.08 ± 10.3, respectively. In the EBNA-1 amplicons from CLL patients and healthy individuals, 38.5% and 16.7%, respectively, harbored mutations in the DBD/DD domain of the C-terminal region of the EBNA1 gene (P = 0.378). The mutation frequency at locus 97,320 was significantly higher in CLL patients than in healthy individuals (P = 0.039). Three EBV subtypes based on residue 487 were detected. The frequency of alanine, threonine, and valine in both groups was 88, 8, and 4 percent, respectively (P = 0.207). Moreover, all of the isolates from healthy donors had alanine at this position. The findings indicated that the presence of threonine or valine at residue 487 as well as a synonymous substitution at residue 553 in the C-terminal region of EBNA1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of EBV in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vafapour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini Tabatabaie
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Haghighat
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Hashemi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1735, Shiraz, Iran.
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Asgari Q, Rajabi F, Sajadian F, Bahreini MS, Arefkhah N. Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with brain tumors in Southern Iran: a case-control study. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:291-296. [PMID: 37193506 PMCID: PMC10182190 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence points to a dominant role of inflammation in tumor pathology. The biological response of the immune system can be triggered by Toxoplasma gondii as a common brain-tropic parasite. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between Toxoplasma infection and brain tumors. This case-control study was performed on sera of brain tumor patients (n = 124) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 124) in Southern Iran. Data related to tumor site and type were collected during sample collection. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence anti-Toxoplasma IgG was significantly higher in brain tumor patients 30.6% (38/124) compared with 12.1% (15/124) of the healthy controls (OR 3.211; 95% CI 1.658 to 6.219; p = 0.001). The highest seroprevalence was detected in patients with ependymoma (100%), followed by glioblastoma (83%), pituitary adenoma (47.3%), astrocytoma (27.2%), schwannoma (23%), and meningioma (22.6%). The parasite infection was correlated to brain tumor's location i.e., the patients with frontal lobe and sella region tumors had higher seropositivity compared with others (P < 0.05). The higher prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among patients with brain tumor compared with the control group indicates a probable association between the infection and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshad Rajabi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fataneh Sajadian
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Bahreini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasir Arefkhah
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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4
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Molecular typing of bovine papillomaviruses in Costa Rica. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:265-272. [PMID: 35303259 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses are related to cause fibroepithelial proliferations in the skin and mucosae and are associated with economic loss mainly related to poor body condition and reduced milk production. This study aimed to investigate the presence and types of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) in cattle sampled in different areas of Costa Rica using molecular techniques. A descriptive study with a non-probability convenience sampling was carried out. A total of 99 papillomatous lesions were collected from 63 animals in 32 farms, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, rolling circle amplification (RCA), sequencing, and restriction enzymes digestion. Seven bovine papillomavirus types (BPV1, BPV2, BPV4, BPV6, BPV7, BPV10, BPV11) and two putative novel viral variants (BPV-CR1 and BPV-CR2) were identified for the first time in Costa Rica. BPV6 was the most frequently detected virus in lesions (31.2%), followed by BPV2 (25%) and BPV1 (25%). BPV1 and BPV2 were the most widely distributed in the Country. Coinfections were recorded in two animals (BPV1 / BPV2 and BPV4 / BPV6). Restriction analyses allowed differentiating BPV1 from BPV2, BPV4, and BPV7, but failed to identify BPV6, BPV10, and BPV11. Results suggest that a great PVs diversity is harbored by bovines in Costa Rica and indicate the need for further investigations aimed to uncover PV diversity at the full genomic level.
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Zhang J, Fan J, Skwarczynski M, Stephenson RJ, Toth I, Hussein WM. Peptide-Based Nanovaccines in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:869-900. [PMID: 35241913 PMCID: PMC8887913 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, can induce cervical cancer in humans. The disease carries high morbidity and mortality among females worldwide. Inoculation with prophylactic HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil® or Cervarix®, is the predominant method of preventing cervical cancer in females 6 to 26 years of age. However, despite the availability of commercial prophylactic HPV vaccines, no therapeutic HPV vaccines to eliminate existing HPV infections have been approved. Peptide-based vaccines, which form one of the most potent vaccine platforms, have been broadly investigated to overcome this shortcoming. Peptide-based vaccines are especially effective in inducing cellular immune responses and eradicating tumor cells when combined with nanoscale adjuvant particles and delivery systems. This review summarizes progress in the development of peptide-based nanovaccines against HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jingyi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Correspondence: Waleed M Hussein, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia, Tel +61 7 3365 2782, Email
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6
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Hu J, Zhang W, Chauhan SS, Shi C, Song Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Cheng L, Zhang Y. Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow. J Vet Sci 2021; 21:e73. [PMID: 33263226 PMCID: PMC7710463 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes. Objectives The complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. Methods DNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software. Results The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX2CX29CX2C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster. Conclusions The results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Hu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Surinder Singh Chauhan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3647, Australia.
| | - Changqing Shi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yumeng Song
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3647, Australia
| | - Yubing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhehong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3647, Australia
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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7
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Ata EB, Allam AM, Elbayoumy MK, Mahmoud MAEF. Electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis of Bovine papillomavirus infection in cattle from four Egyptian governorates. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:160. [PMID: 33580367 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous warts are the common clinical feature of infection with Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and it is commonly known as bovine papillomatosis. It causes significant economic losses, especially in the dairy sector. The aim of this study was surveillance of the circulating strains of BPV in four Egyptian governorates and characterization by electron microscopy. Warts skin lesions and whole blood from seventy-eight native breed cattle were obtained. Molecular detection using two different sets of primers, phylogenetic analysis, and electron microscopy were carried out. The obtained results showed that using FAP59/FAP64 primer set is more sensitive than the MY09/My11 primer set in the detection of the papilloma L1 gene either in the blood or in the skin lesion. Sequence analysis of the partially amplified L1 gene revealed 4 different strains belonging to Deltapapillomavirus 4. Only Alfayoum_Deltapapillomavirus_2018 (accession no: MW018705) was found to be closely related to the strain previously isolated in different Egyptian governorates in 2017, and 2 strains were closely related to an isolate of equine origin. Electron microscopy examination of the skin lesions showed the presence of negatively stained rounded, non-enveloped virus particles with a size of 60 nm in diameter. In conclusion, continuous surveillance and characterization of the circulating strains using multiple sets of primers are important. Efficient biosecurity measures must be applied to decrease transmission of papillomavirus between the different animal species, especially in the mixed management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Vet. Res. Division, National Research Centre, Post Box 12622, 33 El-Tahrir Street Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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8
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El-Tholoth M, Mauk MG, Elnaker YF, Mosad SM, Tahoun A, El-Sherif MW, Lokman MS, Kassab RB, Abdelsadik A, Saleh AA, Elmahallawy EK. Molecular Characterization and Developing a Point-of-Need Molecular Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) Type 1 in Cattle from Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1929. [PMID: 33096600 PMCID: PMC7588879 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomatosis is a viral disease of cattle causing cutaneous warts. A diagnosis of this viral infection is very mandatory for combating the resulting economic losses. Given the limited data available about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in Egypt, the present study involved the molecular diagnosis of bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1), -2, -4, -5, and -10 in cattle presenting cutaneous warts on the head and neck from New Valley Province, Egypt. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected types of BPV was also performed, followed by developing a point-of-need molecular assay for the rapid identification of identified BPV types. In this regard, a total of 308 cattle from private farms in Egypt were clinically examined, of which 13 animals presented cutaneous warts due to suspected BPV infection. The symptomatic animals were treated surgically, and biopsies from skin lesions were collected for BPV-1, -2, -4, -5, and -10 molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of BPV-1 DNA was confirmed in 11 collected samples (84.6%), while BPV-2, -4, -5, and -10 were not detected. Sequencing of the PCR products suggested the Egyptian virus is closely related to BPV found in India. An isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) with labeled primers specific for the BPV-1 L1 gene sequence, and based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), in combination with a lateral flow strip assay for the detection of RPA products, was developed and tested. The point-of-need molecular assay demonstrated a diagnostic utility comparable to PCR-based testing. Taken together, the present study provides interesting molecular data related to the occurrence of BPV-1 in Egypt and reveals the genetic relatedness of the Egyptian BPV-1 with BPV-1 found in buffalo in India. In addition, a simple, low-cost combined test was also validated for diagnosis of the infection. The present study suggests the necessity of future investigations about the circulating strains of the virus among the cattle in Egypt to assess their genetic relatedness and better understand the epidemiological pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.-T.); (S.M.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Health Sciences Division, Veterinary Sciences Program, Al Ain Men’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, UAE
| | - Michael G. Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Yasser F. Elnaker
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The New Valley University, El-Karga 72511, New Valley, Egypt;
| | - Samah M. Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.-T.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshkh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed W. El-Sherif
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The New Valley University, El-Karga 72511, New Valley, Egypt;
| | - Maha S. Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Al Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdelsadik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Ayman A. Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leon, 24071 León, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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9
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Semik-Gurgul E. Molecular approaches to equine sarcoids. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:221-230. [PMID: 32654178 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoids are the most commonly diagnosed skin tumours in equines. Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the primary causative agent of sarcoids. There has been intensive research to discover the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of this disease and tumour suppressors and proto-oncogenes known to play a role in human neoplastic conditions have been investigated in equine sarcoids. Current approaches include the identification of gene expression profiles, characterising sarcoid and normal skin tissues, and an assessment of epigenetic alterations such as microRNA differential expression and DNA methylation status. This review focuses on selected groups of genes that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid formation. These genes have the potential to complement current clinical examinations of equine sarcoid disease in diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Semik-Gurgul
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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10
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Tore G, Dore GM, Cacciotto C, Accardi R, Anfossi AG, Bogliolo L, Pittau M, Pirino S, Cubeddu T, Tommasino M, Alberti A. Transforming properties of ovine papillomaviruses E6 and E7 oncogenes. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:14-22. [PMID: 30827380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggest that cutaneous papillomaviruses (PVs) might be involved in skin carcinogenesis. However, only a few animal PVs have been investigated regard to their transformation properties. Here, we investigate and compare the oncogenic potential of 2 ovine Delta and Dyokappa PVs, isolated from ovine skin lesions, in vitro and ex vivo. We demonstrate that both OaPV4 (Delta) and OaPV3 (Dyokappa) E6 and E7 immortalize primary sheep keratinocytes and efficiently deregulate pRb pathway, although they seem unable to alter p53 activity. Moreover, OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 expressing cells show different shape, doubling time, and clonogenic activities, providing evidence for a stronger transforming potential of OaPV3 respect to OaPV4. Also, similarly to high-risk mucosal and cutaneous PVs, the OaPV3-E7 protein, constantly expressed in sheep squamous cell carcinomas, binds pRb with higher affinity compared to the E7 encoded by OaPV4, a virus associated to fibropapilloma. Finally, we found that OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 determine upregulation of the pro-proliferative proteins cyclin A and cdk1 in both human and ovine primary keratinocytes. Collectively, results provide evidence for implication of ovine PVs in cutaneous proliferative lesions and skin cancer progression, and indicate sheep as a possible animal model for the study of cutaneous lesions and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio G Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Bogliolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy.
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11
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Ata EB, Mahmoud MAEF, Madboli AA. Molecular detection and immunopathological examination of Deltapapillomavirus 4 in skin and udder of Egyptian cattle. Vet World 2018; 11:915-920. [PMID: 30147259 PMCID: PMC6097563 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.915-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are the main cause of bovine papillomatosis resulting in cutaneous and/or mucosal benign tumors that could be transformed to malignant ones with marked economic importance, especially in the dairy farms. Molecular, pathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis of bovine papillomatosis cases was conducted to identify and characterize the circulating BPV genotype in some Egyptian governorates. Materials and Methods Wart-like lesions in skin, udder, and teats were collected from 123 infected cases in Giza, Beni Suef, and El Menoufia Governorates, Egypt, during 2016-2017. Pathological and IHC characterization, molecular identification, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved late (L1) gene of the all samples were carried out. Results 89 of the 123 collected samples (72.3%) were positively detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequence analysis of the obtained PCR amplicons was identical revealing identification and genotyping of only one type (Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate EGY 2017) with accession number (MG547343) which found to be closely related to the recently detected Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 04_asi_UK (accession no. MF384288.1) and isolate Deltapapillomavirus 4 isolate 25_equ_CH (accession no. MF384286.1) with 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Histopathological examination revealed severe hyperkeratosis in stratum corneum and acanthosis in most of the cases. These tissue changes were confirmed by the presence of golden brown stained proliferating cell nuclear antigen which was localized intranuclear and perinuclear in other cells using IHC Technique. Conclusion It is the first time to detect and genotype the BPVs in these areas with no record of previous genotyping in the whole country. The obtained results will highlight the importance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Beshir Ata
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Altamura G, Jebara G, Cardeti G, Borzacchiello G. Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 but not type-1 is detectable and transcriptionally active in the blood of healthy cats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:497-503. [PMID: 29086505 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small DNA viruses that induce benign and/or malignant epithelial tumours in different species, including the domestic cat (Felis catus). To date, five F. catus papillomavirus genotypes have been identified (FcaPV-1 to FcaPV-5). FcaPV-1 is associated with skin and oral benign lesions, while FcaPV-2 infection is widely associated with feline squamous cell carcinomas. Several human and animal PVs have been found in body fluids such as peripheral blood; however, the presence of FcaPVs in non-epithelial tissues has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and gene expression of FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats. We detected FcaPV-2 DNA in 26 of 103 (25%) blood samples. Importantly, FcaPV-2 L1, E2, E6 and E7 genes were found to be expressed in 3 (25%), 11 (92%), 6 (50%) and 5 (42%) of the samples available for mRNA analysis, respectively. FcaPV-1 was not detected in any of the blood samples analysed here. The data obtained in this work suggest active and eventually productive infection of FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats, implying a possible role in intra-individual spreading as well as in vertical and horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Jebara
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Science Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - G Cardeti
- Electron Microscopy and Special Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M.Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Vitiello V, Burrai GP, Agus M, Anfossi AG, Alberti A, Antuofermo E, Rocca S, Cubeddu T, Pirino S. Ovis aries Papillomavirus 3 in Ovine Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:775-782. [PMID: 28494708 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817705171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common malignancy affecting humans and other animals. Papillomaviruses (PVs) are frequently reported as causal agents of cutaneous benign and malignant epithelial lesions in different animal species, but only few studies have investigated their role in ovine SCC. In this study, we explore the possible involvement of the Ovine aries PVs (OaPV1, OaPV2, OaPV3) in cutaneous SCC using an integrated histological and molecular approach. Forty cutaneous SCCs from different anatomical locations of Sardinian sheep and 40 matched non-SCC samples were evaluated histologically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the presence of ovine PVs. In addition, DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were carried out to evaluate the cellular localization and viral transcriptional activity, respectively. OaPV3 DNA was detected in 26 of 40 (65%) SCCs and in 12 of 40 (30%) non-SCC samples using PCR. OaPV1 and OaPV2 were not detected. OaPV3 viral DNA was observed by ISH in malignant epithelial squamous cells of 18 of 40 (45%) SCCs. In addition, the viral transcriptional activity was identified in 24 of 40 (60%) SCCs by RT-PCR. Notably, a higher viral positivity was observed in SCCs compared with non-SCC samples. The considerable infection rate of OaPV3 in the most common skin tumor of the sheep suggests that PV could represent a key factor in the onset of ovine SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vitiello
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni P Burrai
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Agus
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio G Anfossi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Rocca
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy
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14
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Dagalp SB, Dogan F, Farzanı TA, Salar S, Bastan A. The genetic diversity of bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) from different papillomatosis cases in dairy cows in Turkey. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1507-1518. [PMID: 28190198 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. In bovines specifically, 13 types of Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are currently described in the literature, although the actual number may be greater than 20. BPV types are classified into four genera based on homology within the genomic regions of the L1 ORF, the most conserved sequence. This study conducted molecular typing of BPV in dairy cows with different papillomatosis cases and investigated the presence of co-infections across distinct BPV types in the same sample. After carrying out PCR using degenerate primers and type specific primers, 35 BPV suspected samples were detected as positive for BPV and these samples were used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with type-specific primers. This analysis identified BPV-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -9 and -10, new putative types (BPV/BR/UEL6-like viruses) and the previously described putative type viruses (BAPV-6) in the 35 BPV-positive samples. In addition, co-infections across different BPV types were widely detected in the BPV-positive samples. This study shows that PCR assays using degenerate primers to amplify partial fragments of the L1 gene followed by sequencing is useful for genotyping BPV. However, results need confirmation using type-specific primers in order to consider co-infections. In addition, this study identified a new putative type (in the same cluster as BPV/BR/UEL6-like viruses) and the previously described putative type viruses (BAPV-6) in teat papillomatosis of Turkish dairy cows. The study shows that it is essential to identify BPV types and their prevalence/distribution, and also to determine the clinical consequences of infection for the development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fırat Dogan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | - Seckin Salar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bastan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Daudt C, Silva FRCD, Cibulski SP, Weber MN, Mayer FQ, Varela APM, Roehe PM, Canal CW. Complete genome sequence of Deltapapillomavirus 4 (bovine papillomavirus 2) from a bovine papillomavirus lesion in Amazon Region, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:277-9. [PMID: 27074259 PMCID: PMC4830119 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of bovine papillomavirus 2 (BPV2) from Brazilian Amazon
Region was determined using multiple-primed rolling circle amplification followed by
Illumina sequencing. The genome is 7,947 bp long, with 45.9% GC content. It encodes
seven early (E1, E2,E4,
E5, E6,E7, and
E8) and two late (L1 and L2)
genes. The complete genome of a BPV2 can help in future studies since this BPV type
is highly reported worldwide although the lack of complete genome sequences
available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Flavio R C da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Samuel P Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Paulo M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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16
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Altamura G, Corteggio A, Pacini L, Conte A, Pierantoni GM, Tommasino M, Accardi R, Borzacchiello G. Transforming properties of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 E6 and E7 putative oncogenes in vitro and their transcriptional activity in feline squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Virology 2016; 496:1-8. [PMID: 27236740 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) DNA is found in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs); however, its biological properties are still uncharacterized. In this study, we successfully expressed FcaPV2 E6 and E7 putative oncogenes in feline epithelial cells and demonstrated that FcaPV2 E6 binds to p53, impairing its protein level. In addition, E6 and E7 inhibited ultraviolet B (UVB)-triggered accumulation of p53, p21 and pro-apoptotic markers such as Cleaved Caspase3, Bax and Bak, suggesting a synergistic action of the virus with UV exposure in tumour pathogenesis. Furthermore, FcaPV2 E7 bound to feline pRb and impaired pRb levels, resulting in upregulation of the downstream pro-proliferative genes Cyclin A and Cdc2. Importantly, we demonstrated mRNA expression of FcaPV2 E2, E6 and E7 in feline SCC samples, strengthening the hypothesis of a causative role in the development of feline SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Pacini
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1: First Report in Iraqi Cattle. Adv Virol 2016; 2016:2143024. [PMID: 27413374 PMCID: PMC4931078 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide the first molecular characterization of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) in Iraq. BPV is a widely spread oncogenic virus in Iraqi cattle and is associated with the formation of both benign and malignant lesions, resulting in notable economic losses in dairy and beef cattle. In the current study, 140 cutaneous papilloma specimens were collected from cattle in central Iraq. These samples were submitted to histopathological examination, PCR, and sequencing analysis. The histopathology revealed that the main lesion type among the specimens was fibropapilloma. BPV-1 DNA was detected in 121 of the samples (86.42%) in Iraqi cattle as the main causative agent for the disease. A partial sequence for the E2, L2 genes, and complete sequence for the E5 gene were deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of BPV-1 and showed that the origin of infection may be imported European cattle. Obtaining a complete E5 gene sequence enabled us to perform structural predictions. This study presents the first report of BPV-1 infection in the Iraqi cattle and contributes to extending the knowledge of the origin of the spread of this disease. The results of this study will aid in the development of appropriate control measures and therapeutic strategies.
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18
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Irshad M, Mandal RK, Al-Drees A, Khalil MS, Abdulghani HM. No Evidence of Association of the Arg72Pro p53 Gene Polymorphism with Cancer Risk in the Saudi Population: a Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5663-7. [PMID: 26320432 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies on the association between p53 codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and cancer risk were inconclusive and conflicting for the Saudi population. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between the codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism and overall cancer risk in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched all eligible published studies and data were pooled together to perform the meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive genetic models. RESULTS A total of five eligible published studies covering 502 cancer cases and 784 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. No publication bias was detected in this study. The results suggested that the variant (Pro vs Arg: p=0.960; OR=1.004, 95% CI=0.852-1.183), homozygous (Pro.Pro vs Arg.Arg: p=0.970; OR=1.006, 95% CI=0.729-1.390), heterozygous (Arg.Pro vs Arg.Arg: p=0.473; OR=0.783, 95% CI=0.402-1.527) carriers were not associated with overall cancer risk. Similarly, dominant (Pro.Pro+Pro.Arg vs Arg.Arg: p=0.632; OR=0.886, 95% CI=0.540-1.454) and recessive (Pro.Pro vs Pro.Arg+Arg.Arg: p=0.269; OR=1.163, 95%CI=0.890-1.521) models also did not indicate increased risk of cancer. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggests that the codon 72 Arg>Pro polymorphism of the p53 gene might not contribute to cancer susceptibility in Saudi population. Future well designed large case control studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irshad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia E-mail : ;
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19
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da Silva FRC, Daudt C, Streck AF, Weber MN, Filho RVL, Driemeier D, Canal CW. Genetic characterization of Amazonian bovine papillomavirus reveals the existence of four new putative types. Virus Genes 2015; 51:77-84. [PMID: 26116287 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are small and complex viruses that belong to the Papillomaviridae family, which comprises 39 genera. The bovine papillomavirus (BPV) causes an infectious disease that is characterized by chronic and proliferative benign tumors that affect cattle worldwide. Different genotypes of BPVs can cause distinct skin and mucosal lesions and the immunity they raise has low cross-protection. This report aimed to genotype BPVs in cattle from Northern Brazil based on nucleotide partial sequences of the L1 ORF. Skin wart samples from 39 bovines clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as cutaneous papillomatosis from Acre and Rondônia States were analyzed. The results revealed four already reported BPV types (BPVs 1, 2, 11, and 13), nine putative new BPV subtypes and four putative new BPV types as well as two putative new BPV types that were already reported. To our knowledge, this is the first record of BPVs from the Brazilian Amazon region that identified new possible BPV types and subtypes circulating in this population. These findings point to the great genetic diversity of BPVs that are present in this region and highlight the importance of this knowledge before further studies about vaccination are attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R C da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Prédio 42.602, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
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20
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Abstract
Many viruses encode short transmembrane proteins that play vital roles in virus replication or virulence. Because many of these proteins are less than 50 amino acids long and not homologous to cellular proteins, their open reading frames were often overlooked during the initial annotation of viral genomes. Some of these proteins oligomerize in membranes and form ion channels. Other miniproteins bind to cellular transmembrane proteins and modulate their activity, whereas still others have an unknown mechanism of action. Based on the underlying principles of transmembrane miniprotein structure, it is possible to build artificial small transmembrane proteins that modulate a variety of biological processes. These findings suggest that short transmembrane proteins provide a versatile mechanism to regulate a wide range of cellular activities, and we speculate that cells also express many similar proteins that have not yet been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
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21
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Velescu E, Roperto F, Borzacchiello G. Bovine Papillomavirus: New Insights into an Old Disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:14-23. [PMID: 24661978 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are small DNA tumoral viruses able to induce benign cutaneous and/or mucosal epithelial lesions. Generally, the benign tumours affecting the skin or mucosa spontaneously regress, but under special circumstances, the defence system may be overwhelmed, thus leading to cancer, especially in the presence of immunosuppressant and mutagen agents from bracken fern. To date, thirteen different BPV genotypes have been associated with skin and mucosal tumours in cattle, and out of these, only four types (BPV-1, -2, -5 and -13) cross-infect other species. Recent investigations in vivo have revealed new insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this viral infection. This review briefly discusses viral epidemiology, will give data on BPV genome structure and viral genes and will describe the cellular events and new aspects of both cutaneous and mucosal tumours in large ruminants. Finally, some aspects of active immunization will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Velescu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - F Roperto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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22
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Analysis of activated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor and Ras-MAP kinase pathway in equine sarcoid fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:283985. [PMID: 23936786 PMCID: PMC3726019 DOI: 10.1155/2013/283985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are skin tumours of fibroblastic origin affecting equids worldwide. Bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1) and, less commonly, type-2 are recognized as etiological factors of sarcoids. The transforming activity of BPV is related to the functions of its major oncoprotein E5 which binds to the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) causing its phosphorylation and activation. In this study, we demonstrate, by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, that in equine sarcoid derived cell lines PDGFβR is phosphorylated and binds downstream molecules related to Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway thus resulting in Ras activation. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitor which selectively inhibits the activation of PDGFβR in the treatment of several human and animal cancers. Here we show that imatinib inhibits receptor phosphorylation, and cell viability assays demonstrate that this drug decreases sarcoid fibroblasts viability in a dose-dependent manner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of sarcoids and paves the way to a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this common equine skin neoplasm.
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23
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Borzacchiello G. Bovine papillomavirus on the scene of crime: is E5 oncogene the only guilty party? Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:26. [PMID: 23829702 PMCID: PMC3704702 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) induce hyperplastic and tumoral lesions not only in cows but also in other different animal species. The transforming activity of BPVs is due to its major E5 oncogene. Recent studies have highlighted the role of E5 in cancer development but very little is known about E6 and E7 oncogenes. In this letter we argue for the need of investigating E6 as well as E7 to better understand the role of these two oncogenes during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F, Delpino, 1-80137, Naples, Italy.
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24
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DiMaio D, Petti LM. The E5 proteins. Virology 2013; 445:99-114. [PMID: 23731971 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The E5 proteins are short transmembrane proteins encoded by many animal and human papillomaviruses. These proteins display transforming activity in cultured cells and animals, and they presumably also play a role in the productive virus life cycle. The E5 proteins are thought to act by modulating the activity of cellular proteins. Here, we describe the biological activities of the best-studied E5 proteins and discuss the evidence implicating specific protein targets and pathways in mediating these activities. The primary target of the 44-amino acid BPV1 E5 protein is the PDGF β receptor, whereas the EGF receptor appears to be an important target of the 83-amino acid HPV16 E5 protein. Both E5 proteins also bind to the vacuolar ATPase and affect MHC class I expression and cell-cell communication. Continued studies of the E5 proteins will elucidate important aspects of transmembrane protein-protein interactions, cellular signal transduction, cell biology, virus replication, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, USA; Yale Cancer Center, USA.
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