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Zhang Y, Shi W, Sun Y. A functional gene module identification algorithm in gene expression data based on genetic algorithm and gene ontology. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:76. [PMID: 36797662 PMCID: PMC9936134 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since genes do not function individually, the gene module is considered an important tool for interpreting gene expression profiles. In order to consider both functional similarity and expression similarity in module identification, GMIGAGO, a functional Gene Module Identification algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm and Gene Ontology, was proposed in this work. GMIGAGO is an overlapping gene module identification algorithm, which mainly includes two stages: In the first stage (initial identification of gene modules), Improved Partitioning Around Medoids Based on Genetic Algorithm (PAM-GA) is used for the initial clustering on gene expression profiling, and traditional gene co-expression modules can be obtained. Only similarity of expression levels is considered at this stage. In the second stage (optimization of functional similarity within gene modules), Genetic Algorithm for Functional Similarity Optimization (FSO-GA) is used to optimize gene modules based on gene ontology, and functional similarity within gene modules can be improved. Without loss of generality, we compared GMIGAGO with state-of-the-art gene module identification methods on six gene expression datasets, and GMIGAGO identified the gene modules with the highest functional similarity (much higher than state-of-the-art algorithms). GMIGAGO was applied in BRCA, THCA, HNSC, COVID-19, Stem, and Radiation datasets, and it identified some interesting modules which performed important biological functions. The hub genes in these modules could be used as potential targets for diseases or radiation protection. In summary, GMIGAGO has excellent performance in mining molecular mechanisms, and it can also identify potential biomarkers for individual precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- grid.440686.80000 0001 0543 8253College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Weiyu Shi
- grid.440686.80000 0001 0543 8253College of Maritime Economics & Management, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Biswal BS, Patra S, Mohapatra A, Vipsita S. TriRNSC: triclustering of gene expression microarray data using restricted neighbourhood search. IET Syst Biol 2020; 14:323-333. [PMID: 33399096 PMCID: PMC8687346 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational analysis of microarray data is crucial for understanding the gene behaviours and deriving meaningful results. Clustering and biclustering of gene expression microarray data in the unsupervised domain are extremely important as their outcomes directly dominate healthcare research in many aspects. However, these approaches fail when the time factor is added as the third dimension to the microarray datasets. This three-dimensional data set can be analysed using triclustering that discovers similar gene sets that pursue identical behaviour under a subset of conditions at a specific time point. A novel triclustering algorithm (TriRNSC) is proposed in this manuscript to discover meaningful triclusters in gene expression profiles. TriRNSC is based on restricted neighbourhood search clustering (RNSC), a popular graph-based clustering approach considering the genes, the experimental conditions and the time points at an instance. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of volume and some performance measures. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis are used to validate the TriRNSC results biologically. The efficiency of TriRNSC indicates its capability and reliability and also demonstrates its usability over other state-of-art schemes. The proposed framework initiates the application of the RNSC algorithm in the triclustering of gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawani Sankar Biswal
- DST-FIST Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Patra
- DST-FIST Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Anjali Mohapatra
- DST-FIST Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Swati Vipsita
- DST-FIST Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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Li KN, Zhang YY, Yu YN, Wu HL, Wang Z. Met-Controlled Allosteric Module of Neural Generation as A New Therapeutic Target in Rodent Brain Ischemia. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 27:896-904. [PMID: 31418133 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a Met-controlled allosteric module (AM) of neural generation as a potential therapeutic target for brain ischemia. METHODS We selected Markov clustering algorithm (MCL) to mine functional modules in the related target networks. According to the topological similarity, one functional module was predicted in the modules of baicalin (BA), jasminoidin (JA), cholic acid (CA), compared with I/R model modules. This functional module included three genes: Inppl1, Met and Dapk3 (IMD). By gene ontology enrichment analysis, biological process related to this functional module was obtained. This functional module participated in generation of neurons. Western blotting was applied to present the compound-dependent regulation of IMD. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to reveal the relationship among the three members. We used IF to determine the number of newborn neurons between compound treatment group and ischemia/reperfusion group. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were supposed to show the changing circumstances for neural generation under cerebral ischemia. RESULTS Significant reduction in infarction volume and pathological changes were shown in the compound treatment groups compared with the I/R model group (P<0.05). Three nodes in one novel module of IMD were found to exert diverse compound-dependent ischemic-specific excitatory regulatory activities. An anti-ischemic excitatory allosteric module (AME) of generation of neurons (AME-GN) was validated successfully in vivo. Newborn neurons increased in BJC treatment group (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and MMP-9 decreased in the compound treatment groups compared with the I/R model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS AME demonstrates effectiveness of our pioneering approach to the discovery of therapeutic target. The novel approach for AM discovery in an effort to identify therapeutic targets holds the promise of accelerating elucidation of underlying pharmacological mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Li Wu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Rau CD, Romay MC, Tuteryan M, Wang JJC, Santolini M, Ren S, Karma A, Weiss JN, Wang Y, Lusis AJ. Systems Genetics Approach Identifies Gene Pathways and Adamts2 as Drivers of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Cell Syst 2017; 4:121-128.e4. [PMID: 27866946 PMCID: PMC5338604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a genetic analysis of heart failure traits in a population of inbred mouse strains treated with isoproterenol to mimic catecholamine-driven cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we apply a co-expression network algorithm, wMICA, to perform a systems-level analysis of left ventricular transcriptomes from these mice. We describe the features of the overall network but focus on a module identified in treated hearts that is strongly related to cardiac hypertrophy and pathological remodeling. Using the causal modeling algorithm NEO, we identified the gene Adamts2 as a putative regulator of this module and validated the predictive value of NEO using small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Adamts2 silencing regulated the expression of the genes residing within the module and impaired isoproterenol-induced cellular hypertrophy. Our results provide a view of higher order interactions in heart failure with potential for diagnostic and therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Rau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milagros C Romay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mary Tuteryan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica J-C Wang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Santolini
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alain Karma
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James N Weiss
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Gao C, McDowell IC, Zhao S, Brown CD, Engelhardt BE. Context Specific and Differential Gene Co-expression Networks via Bayesian Biclustering. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004791. [PMID: 27467526 PMCID: PMC4965098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying latent structure in high-dimensional genomic data is essential for exploring biological processes. Here, we consider recovering gene co-expression networks from gene expression data, where each network encodes relationships between genes that are co-regulated by shared biological mechanisms. To do this, we develop a Bayesian statistical model for biclustering to infer subsets of co-regulated genes that covary in all of the samples or in only a subset of the samples. Our biclustering method, BicMix, allows overcomplete representations of the data, computational tractability, and joint modeling of unknown confounders and biological signals. Compared with related biclustering methods, BicMix recovers latent structure with higher precision across diverse simulation scenarios as compared to state-of-the-art biclustering methods. Further, we develop a principled method to recover context specific gene co-expression networks from the estimated sparse biclustering matrices. We apply BicMix to breast cancer gene expression data and to gene expression data from a cardiovascular study cohort, and we recover gene co-expression networks that are differential across ER+ and ER- samples and across male and female samples. We apply BicMix to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot data, and we find tissue specific gene networks. We validate these findings by using our tissue specific networks to identify trans-eQTLs specific to one of four primary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ian C. McDowell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shiwen Zhao
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Ou-Yang L, Dai DQ, Zhang XF. Detecting Protein Complexes from Signed Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 12:1333-1344. [PMID: 26671805 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2401014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Identification of protein complexes is fundamental for understanding the cellular functional organization. With the accumulation of physical protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, computational detection of protein complexes from available PPI networks has drawn a lot of attentions. While most of the existing protein complex detection algorithms focus on analyzing the physical protein-protein interaction network, none of them take into account the "signs" (i.e., activation-inhibition relationships) of physical interactions. As the "signs" of interactions reflect the way proteins communicate, considering the "signs" of interactions can not only increase the accuracy of protein complex identification, but also deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of cell functions. In this study, we proposed a novel Signed Graph regularized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SGNMF) model to identify protein complexes from signed PPI networks. In our experiments, we compared the results collected by our model on signed PPI networks with those predicted by the state-of-the-art complex detection techniques on the original unsigned PPI networks. We observed that considering the "signs" of interactions significantly benefits the detection of protein complexes. Furthermore, based on the predicted complexes, we predicted a set of signed complex-complex interactions for each dataset, which provides a novel insight of the higher level organization of the cell. All the experimental results and codes can be downloaded from http://mail.sysu.edu.cn/home/stsddq@mail.sysu.edu.cn/dai/others/SGNMF.zip.
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Rajagopalan P, Kasif S, Murali T. Systems Biology Characterization of Engineered Tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 15:55-70. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060;
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
- ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Simon Kasif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - T.M. Murali
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
- ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissues, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
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Rau CD, Wisniewski N, Orozco LD, Bennett B, Weiss J, Lusis AJ. Maximal information component analysis: a novel non-linear network analysis method. Front Genet 2013; 4:28. [PMID: 23487572 PMCID: PMC3594742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Network construction and analysis algorithms provide scientists with the ability to sift through high-throughput biological outputs, such as transcription microarrays, for small groups of genes (modules) that are relevant for further research. Most of these algorithms ignore the important role of non-linear interactions in the data, and the ability for genes to operate in multiple functional groups at once, despite clear evidence for both of these phenomena in observed biological systems. Results: We have created a novel co-expression network analysis algorithm that incorporates both of these principles by combining the information-theoretic association measure of the maximal information coefficient (MIC) with an Interaction Component Model. We evaluate the performance of this approach on two datasets collected from a large panel of mice, one from macrophages and the other from liver by comparing the two measures based on a measure of module entropy, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and scale-free topology (SFT) fit. Our algorithm outperforms a widely used co-expression analysis method, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), in the macrophage data, while returning comparable results in the liver dataset when using these criteria. We demonstrate that the macrophage data has more non-linear interactions than the liver dataset, which may explain the increased performance of our method, termed Maximal Information Component Analysis (MICA) in that case. Conclusions: In making our network algorithm more accurately reflect known biological principles, we are able to generate modules with improved relevance, particularly in networks with confounding factors such as gene by environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Rau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Judson RS, Mortensen HM, Shah I, Knudsen TB, Elloumi F. Using pathway modules as targets for assay development in xenobiotic screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:531-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cho JH, Wang K, Galas DJ. An integrative approach to inferring biologically meaningful gene modules. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:117. [PMID: 21791051 PMCID: PMC3156758 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The ability to construct biologically meaningful gene networks and modules is critical for contemporary systems biology. Though recent studies have demonstrated the power of using gene modules to shed light on the functioning of complex biological systems, most modules in these networks have shown little association with meaningful biological function. We have devised a method which directly incorporates gene ontology (GO) annotation in construction of gene modules in order to gain better functional association. Results We have devised a method, Semantic Similarity-Integrated approach for Modularization (SSIM) that integrates various gene-gene pairwise similarity values, including information obtained from gene expression, protein-protein interactions and GO annotations, in the construction of modules using affinity propagation clustering. We demonstrated the performance of the proposed method using data from two complex biological responses: 1. the osmotic shock response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 2. the prion-induced pathogenic mouse model. In comparison with two previously reported algorithms, modules identified by SSIM showed significantly stronger association with biological functions. Conclusions The incorporation of semantic similarity based on GO annotation with gene expression and protein-protein interaction data can greatly enhance the functional relevance of inferred gene modules. In addition, the SSIM approach can also reveal the hierarchical structure of gene modules to gain a broader functional view of the biological system. Hence, the proposed method can facilitate comprehensive and in-depth analysis of high throughput experimental data at the gene network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Cho
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Warsow G, Greber B, Falk SSI, Harder C, Siatkowski M, Schordan S, Som A, Endlich N, Schöler H, Repsilber D, Endlich K, Fuellen G. ExprEssence--revealing the essence of differential experimental data in the context of an interaction/regulation net-work. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:164. [PMID: 21118483 PMCID: PMC3012047 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Experimentalists are overwhelmed by high-throughput data and there is an urgent need to condense information into simple hypotheses. For example, large amounts of microarray and deep sequencing data are becoming available, describing a variety of experimental conditions such as gene knockout and knockdown, the effect of interventions, and the differences between tissues and cell lines. Results To address this challenge, we developed a method, implemented as a Cytoscape plugin called ExprEssence. As input we take a network of interaction, stimulation and/or inhibition links between genes/proteins, and differential data, such as gene expression data, tracking an intervention or development in time. We condense the network, highlighting those links across which the largest changes can be observed. Highlighting is based on a simple formula inspired by the law of mass action. We can interactively modify the threshold for highlighting and instantaneously visualize results. We applied ExprEssence to three scenarios describing kidney podocyte biology, pluripotency and ageing: 1) We identify putative processes involved in podocyte (de-)differentiation and validate one prediction experimentally. 2) We predict and validate the expression level of a transcription factor involved in pluripotency. 3) Finally, we generate plausible hypotheses on the role of apoptosis, cell cycle deregulation and DNA repair in ageing data obtained from the hippocampus. Conclusion Reducing the size of gene/protein networks to the few links affected by large changes allows to screen for putative mechanistic relationships among the genes/proteins that are involved in adaptation to different experimental conditions, yielding important hypotheses, insights and suggestions for new experiments. We note that we do not focus on the identification of 'active subnetworks'. Instead we focus on the identification of single links (which may or may not form subnetworks), and these single links are much easier to validate experimentally than submodules. ExprEssence is available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/expressence/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Warsow
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University of Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, Rostock, Germany
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