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MiR-181c sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel by targeting GRP78 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:770-783. [PMID: 34145425 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary cytoreductive surgery with platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) patients; however, resistance to chemotherapy is a contributing factor to OC mortality. Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used taxane, has become the first-line drug against OC. The molecular mechanism of PTX resistance is different from that of platinum-based agents and is still not completely elucidated. Our previous study showed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is involved in the resistance of OC cells to PTX. However, little is known regarding endogenous inhibitors of this gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression; therefore, we sought to identify miRNA(s) with potential to target GRP78 under the hypothesis that miRNA(s) could serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we show that miR-181c, predicted to target GRP78, was downregulated in PTX-resistant OC cells and tissues. MiR-181c downregulated GRP78 expression and induced apoptosis by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Overexpression of miR-181c sensitized resistant OC to PTX by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that the delivery of miR-181c can efficiently suppress GRP78 expression and GRP78-mediated PTX resistance in OC and suggest that this strategy has therapeutic potential.
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The role of microRNAs in the development, progression and drug resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia and their potential clinical significance. Life Sci 2022; 296:120437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Chen Z, Xie Y, Liu D, Liu P, Li F, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Sun X, Huang Q. Downregulation of miR-142a Contributes to the Enhanced Anti-Apoptotic Ability of Murine Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718731. [PMID: 34386429 PMCID: PMC8354203 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemic stem cell (LSC) is thought to be responsible for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) initiation and relapse. However, the inherent regulation of LSCs remains largely obscure. Herein, we integratedly analyzed miRNA and gene expression alterations in bone marrow (BM) Lin-Sca1+c-Kit+ cells (LSKs) of a tet-off inducible CML mouse model, Scl/tTA-BCR/ABL (BA). Methods Scl/tTA and TRE-BA transgenic mice were crossed in the presence of doxycycline to get double transgenic mice. Both miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were generated from BM LSKs at 0 and 3 weeks after doxycycline withdrawal. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted, followed by the miRNA-mRNA network construction. In vitro and in vivo experiments were further performed to elucidate their regulation and function in CML progression. Results As a result of the integrated analysis and experimental validation, an anti-apoptotic pathway emerged from the fog. miR-142a was identified to be downregulated by enhanced ERK-phosphorylation in BA-harboring cells, thereby relieving its repression on Ciapin1, an apoptosis inhibitor. Moreover, miR-142a overexpression could partially rescue the abnormal anti-apoptotic phenotype and attenuate CML progression. Conclusion Taken together, this study explored the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in murine CML LSKs and demonstrated that ERK-miR-142a-Ciapin1 axis played an essential role in CML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhanglin Zhang
- Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanliang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Peixoto da Silva S, Caires HR, Bergantim R, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. miRNAs mediated drug resistance in hematological malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:283-302. [PMID: 33757848 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies in the last decades, refractory disease still occurs, and cancer drug resistance still remains a major hurdle in the clinical management of these cancer patients. The investigation of this problem has been extensive and different mechanism and molecules have been associated with drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as having an important action in the emergence of cancer, including hematological tumors, and as being major players in their progression, aggressiveness and response to treatments. Moreover, miRNAs have been strongly associated with cancer drug resistance and with the modulation of the sensitivity of cancer cells to a wide array of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, this role has also been reported for miRNAs packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs-miRNAs), which in turn have been described as essential for the horizontal transfer of drug resistance to sensitive cells. Several studies have been suggesting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for drug response and clinical outcome prediction, as well as promising therapeutic tools in hematological diseases. Indeed, the combination of miRNA-based therapeutic tools with conventional drugs contributes to overcome drug resistance. This review addresses the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hematological malignances, namely multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas, highlighting their important action (either in their cell-free circulating form or within circulating EVs) in drug resistance and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Bergantim
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, Hospital São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - José E Guimarães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, IUCSCESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Wang J, Zhao H, Yu J, Xu X, Jing H, Li N, Tang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Cai J, Jin J. MiR-320b/RAD21 axis affects hepatocellular carcinoma radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation treatment through DNA damage repair signaling. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:575-588. [PMID: 33251678 PMCID: PMC7894001 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and is associated with high mortality. Ionizing radiation (IR)-based therapy causes DNA damage, exerting a curative effect; however, DNA damage repair signaling pathways lead to HCC resistance to IR-based therapy. RAD21 is a component of the cohesion complex, crucial for chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair, while it is still unclear whether RAD21 is implicated in DNA damage and influences IR sensitivity in HCC. The current research explores the effect and upstream regulatory mechanism of RAD21 on IR sensitivity in HCC. In the present study, RAD21 mRNA and protein expression were increased within HCC tissue samples, particularly within IR-insensitive HCC tissues. The overexpression of RAD21 partially attenuated the roles of IR in HCC by promoting the viability and suppressing the apoptosis of HCC cells. RAD21 overexpression reduced the culture medium 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and decreased the protein levels of γH2AX and ATM, suggesting that RAD21 overexpression attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells. miR-320b targeted RAD21 3'-UTR to inhibit RAD21 expression. In HCC tissues, particularly in IR-insensitive HCC tissues, miR-320b expression was significantly downregulated. miR-320b inhibition also attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells; more importantly, RAD21 silencing significantly attenuated the effects of miR-320b inhibition on IR treatment-induced DNA damage, suggesting that miR-320b plays a role through targeting RAD21. In conclusion, an miR-320b/RAD21 axis modulating HCC sensitivity to IR treatment through acting on IR-induced DNA damage was demonstrated. The miR-320b/RAD21 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for further study of HCC sensitivity to IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Klümper T, Bruckmueller H, Diewock T, Kaehler M, Haenisch S, Pott C, Bruhn O, Cascorbi I. Expression differences of miR-142-5p between treatment-naïve chronic myeloid leukemia patients responding and non-responding to imatinib therapy suggest a link to oncogenic ABL2, SRI, cKIT and MCL1 signaling pathways critical for development of therapy resistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32999756 PMCID: PMC7519530 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by constitutive activity of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1. Although the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has substantially improved patients’ prognosis, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in CML therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators, are implicated in CML progression and drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles of 45 treatment-naïve CML patients in chronic phase (28 peripheral blood and 17 bone marrow samples) with respect to future response to imatinib therapy. Methods TaqMan low density arrays were used to analyze the miRNA expression pattern of the patient samples. For selected microRNAs, reporter gene assays were performed to study their ability to regulate CML associated target genes. Results Significant lower expression levels of miR-142-5p were identified in both, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of future non-responders suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role of this miRNA. This was supported by reporter gene assays that identified the survival, proliferation and invasion promoting CML related genes ABL2, cKIT, MCL1 and SRI as targets of miR-142-5p and miR-365a-3p, the latter identified as potential biomarker in peripheral blood samples. Conclusion MiR-142-5p and to a certain extend also miR-365a-3p were able to discriminate treatment-naïve CML patients not responding to imatinib in the course of their treatment from patients, who responded to therapy. However, further large-scale studies should clarify if the identified miRNAs have the potential as predictive biomarkers for TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Klümper
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Diewock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sierk Haenisch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Pott
- Department of Medicine II, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruhn
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Kosciuk T, Lin H. N-Myristoyltransferase as a Glycine and Lysine Myristoyltransferase in Cancer, Immunity, and Infections. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1747-1758. [PMID: 32453941 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein myristoylation, the addition of a 14-carbon saturated acyl group, is an abundant modification implicated in biological events as diverse as development, immunity, oncogenesis, and infections. N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) is the enzyme that catalyzes this modification. Many elegant studies have established the rules guiding the catalysis including substrate amino acid sequence requirements with the indispensable N-terminal glycine, and a co-translational mode of action. Recent advances in technology such as the development of fatty acid analogs, small molecule inhibitors, and new proteomic strategies, allowed a deeper insight into the NMT activity and function. Here we focus on discussing recent work demonstrating that NMT is also a lysine myristoyltransferase, the enzyme's regulation by a previously unnoticed solvent channel, and the mechanism of NMT regulation by protein-protein interactions. We also summarize recent findings on NMT's role in cancer, immunity, and infections and the advances in pharmacological targeting of myristoylation. Our analyses highlight opportunities for further understanding and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Braicu C, Gulei D, Raduly L, Harangus A, Rusu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Altered expression of miR-181 affects cell fate and targets drug resistance-related mechanisms. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:90-105. [PMID: 31703947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which regulate genetic and epigenetic events by interfering with mRNA translation. miRNAs are involved in regulation of cell fate due to their ability of interfering with physiological or pathological processes. In this review paper, we evaluate the role of miR-181 family members as prognostic or diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in malignant pathologies in connection with the main hallmarks of cancer that are modulated by the family. Also, we take over the dual role of this family in dependency with the tumour suppressor and oncogenic features presented in cell and cancer type specific manner. Restoration of the altered expression levels contributes to the activation of cell death pathways or to a reduction in the invasion and migration mechanism; moreover, the mechanism of drug resistance is also modulated by miR-181 sequences with important applications in therapeutic strategies for malignant cells sensitisation. Overall, the main miR-181 family regulatory mechanisms are presented in a cancer specific context, emphasizing the possible clinical application of this family in terms of novel diagnosis and therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Leon Daniello" Pneumophtisiology Clinic, 6 Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu Street, 400332, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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9
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Sharifi H, Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Razi E, Mousavi N, Morovati H, Sarvizadeh M, Taghizadeh M. MicroRNAs and response to therapy in leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14233-14246. [PMID: 31081139 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of epigenetic factors involved in leukemia pathogenesis. Among various epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players, which affect a sequence of cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Leukemia is known as progressive cancer, which is related to many health problems in the world. It has been shown that the destruction of the blood-forming organs could lead to abnormal effects on the proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors. Despite many attempts for approved effective and powerful therapies for patients with leukemia, finding and developing new therapeutic approaches are required. One of the important aspects of leukemia therapy, identification of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Several miRNAs (ie, miR-103, miR-101, mit-7, let-7i, miR-424, miR-27a, and miR-29c) and play major roles in response to therapy in patients with leukemia. miRNAs exert their effects by targeting a variety of targets, which are associated with response to therapy in patients with leukemia. It seems that more understanding about the roles of miRNAs in response to therapy in patients with leukemia could contribute to better treatment of patients with leukemia. Here, for the first time, we summarized various miRNAs, which are involved in response to therapy in the treatment patients with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sharifi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Razi
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nousin Mousavi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Shen X, Li Y, Sun G, Guo D, Bai X. miR-181c-3p and -5p promotes high-glucose-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating leukemia inhibitory factor. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:509-517. [PMID: 29605252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with high blood glucose level and closely related to endothelial dysfunction, an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular changes. Several miRNAs have been reported to be altered in a diabetic environment including miR-181c. In the article, we found that the expression of miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p was significantly downregulated under glucose treatment in a dose-dependent manner and in peripheral blood from diabetic patients compared with healthy participants. We explored the role of miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p in high glucose (HG)-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by regulating leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), their potential target with binding sites in 3-UTR region, that is also closely related to glucose metabolism. In addition, miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p significantly enhanced HG-induced oxidative stress injury by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promoted HG-induced HUVECs apoptosis, confirmed by TUNEL staining. LIF partially reduced those effects by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Therefore, knocking down of LIF in HUVECs by LIF siRNA transfection, significantly increased HG-induced MDA and ROS production and induced more intense HUVECs apoptosis. Our results indicate that miR-181c-3p and miR-181c-5p promote HG-induced HUVECs injury through their target LIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yunling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Dianlong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xiuping Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China.
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11
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Zhao L, Li Y, Song X, Zhou H, Li N, Miao Y, Jia L. Upregulation of miR-181c inhibits chemoresistance by targeting ST8SIA4 in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60074-60086. [PMID: 27527856 PMCID: PMC5312369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance frequently drives tumor progression. Increased expression of ST8SIA4 has been reported in diverse carcinomas and highly correlates with leukemia multidrug resistance (MDR). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are widely recognized as key players in cancer progression and drug resistance. Here, to explore whether miRNA modulates the sensitivity of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) to chemotherapeutic agents and regulates ST8SIA4 expression, we analyzed the complete miRNA expression profile and found a subset of miRNAs specifically dysregulated in adriamycin-resistant CML cell line K562/ADR and its parent cell line K562. Compared with three pairs of CML cell lines and 38 clinical samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CML patients, miR-181c expression was down-regulated in drug-resistant cell lines and CML/MDR samples. Altered expression levels of miR-181c influenced the MDR phenotypes of K562 and K562/ADR. Reporter-gene assay showed that miR-181c directly targeted and inhibited the ST8SIA4 expression, as well as miR-181c was inversely correlated with the levels of ST8SIA4 expression in CML cell lines and samples. Moreover, ST8SIA4 could reverse the effect of miR-181c on drug resistance in K562 and K562/ADR cells in vitro. Upregulation of miR-181c sensitized K562/ADR cells to adriamycin in vivo through directly suppressing ST8SIA4 expression. Further investigation showed that miR-181c mediated the activity of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal pathway, and inhibition of PI3K/Akt in K562 cells counteracted miR-181c-mediated MDR phenotype. These data revealed an important role for miR-181c in the regulation of chemoresistance in CML, and suggested the potential application of miR-181c in drug resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Song
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nana Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Miao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Gu C, Feng M, Yin Z, Luo X, Yang J, Li Y, Li T, Wang R, Fei J. RalA, a GTPase targeted by miR-181a, promotes transformation and progression by activating the Ras-related signaling pathway in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20561-73. [PMID: 26967392 PMCID: PMC4991475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL is a well-known activator of multiple signaling pathways. RalA, a Ras downstream signaling molecule and a small GTPase, plays an important role in Bcr-Abl-induced leukemogenesis but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that RalA GTPase activity is commonly high in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines and patient samples. Overexpression of RalA results in malignant transformation and progression, and induces resistance to imatinib (IM) in BaF3 and K562 cell lines. RalA reduced survival and led to IM resistance in a xenografted mouse model. Ablation of RalA by either siRNA or miR-181a, a RalA targeting microRNA, attenuated the malignant phenotypes in K562 cells. RBC8, a selective Ral inhibitor, enhanced the inhibitory effects of IM in K562, KCL22 and BaF3-P210 cells. Interestingly, the phospho-specific protein microarray assay revealed that multiple phosphorylation signal proteins were decreased by RalA inhibition, including SAPK, JNK, SRC, VEGFR2, P38 MAPK, c-Kit, JunB, and Keratin18. Among them, P38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK are Ras downstream signaling kinases. Taken together, RalA GTPase might be an important oncogene activating the Ras-related signaling pathway in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Insititute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maoxiao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaochuang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Insititute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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13
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Maia RC, Vasconcelos FC, Souza PS, Rumjanek VM. Towards Comprehension of the ABCB1/P-Glycoprotein Role in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010119. [PMID: 29316665 PMCID: PMC6017716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The introduction of imatinib (IM), a BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has represented a significant advance in the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, approximately 30% of patients need to discontinue IM due to resistance or intolerance to this drug. Both resistance and intolerance have also been observed in treatment with the second-generation TKIs-dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib-and the third-generation TKI-ponatinib. The mechanisms of resistance to TKIs may be BCR-ABL1-dependent and/or BCR-ABL1-independent. Although the role of efflux pump P-glycoprotein (Pgp), codified by the ABCB1 gene, is unquestionable in drug resistance of many neoplasms, a longstanding question exists about whether Pgp has a firm implication in TKI resistance in the clinical scenario. The goal of this review is to offer an overview of ABCB1/Pgp expression/activity/polymorphisms in CML. Understanding how interactions, associations, or cooperation between Pgp and other molecules-such as inhibitor apoptosis proteins, microRNAs, or microvesicles-impact IM resistance risk may be critical in evaluating the response to TKIs in CML patients. In addition, new non-TKI compounds may be necessary in order to overcome the resistance mediated by Pgp in CML.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/physiology
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Flavia C Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paloma S Souza
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vivian M Rumjanek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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14
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15
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Zhang H, Hu B, Wang Z, Zhang F, Wei H, Li L. miR-181c contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting Wnt inhibition factor 1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:973-984. [PMID: 28956120 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE miRNAs are implicated in drug resistance of multiple cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), highlighting the potential of miRNAs as chemoresistance regulators in cancer treatment. This study aims to explore the relationship between miR-181c and chemoresistance of NSCLC cells. METHODS qRT-PCR was conducted to examine the expression of miR-181c in NSCLC tissues, and parental and cisplatin (DDP)-resistant NSCLC cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the survival rate and apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the potential target of miR-181c. Xenograft tumor experiment was applied to confirm the effect of miR-181c on DDP sensitivity of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells in vivo. RESULTS miR-181c was upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and parental and DDP-resistant NSCLC cells. miR-181c downregulation or WIF1 overexpression increased DDP sensitivity of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells by decreasing survival rate and promoting DDP-induced apoptosis. miR-181c was demonstrated to be able to bind to WIF1 and negatively regulate the expression of WIF1. WIF1 knockdown abolished anti-miR-181c-induced DDP sensitivity. Moreover, anti-miR-181c suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by regulating WIF1. XAV939 treatment reversed miR-181c-induced increase in IC50 value and miR-181c-triggered decrease in apoptosis. Finally, anti-miR-181c improved DDP sensitivity of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells in vivo. CONCLUSION miR-181c contributed to DDP resistance in NSCLC cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting WIF1, providing a potential therapeutic application for the treatment of patients with DDP-resistant NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Zuopei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Haitao Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Nursing, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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16
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Chen D, Wu D, Shao K, Ye B, Huang J, Gao Y. MiR-15a-5p negatively regulates cell survival and metastasis by targeting CXCL10 in chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4308-4316. [PMID: 28979704 PMCID: PMC5622273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common malignant disease from hematopoietic system. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found in CML, however, the roles of many miRNAs including miR-15a-5p in CML are still unknown. In this study, the expression and roles of miR-15a-5p in CML were investigated. We found that restoration miR-15a-5p expression in CML cells decreased cell growth, metastasis and enhanced cell apoptosis. Chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) was predicted as a target gene of miR-15a-5p, which was verified by luciferase assay. CXCL10 mRNA and protein was down-regulated in the CML cells with miR-15a-5p overexpression by real time RT-PCR and western blotting. We also found that there were low levels of miR-15a-5p companied with high levels of CXCL10 in blood samples from CML patients. In a conclusion, miR-15a-5p suppresses cell survival and metastasis of CML by targeting CXCL10, which is a therapeutic option for CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityYiwu, China
| | - Dijiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Keding Shao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Baodong Ye
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityYiwu, China
| | - Yanting Gao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
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17
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Koschmieder S, Vetrie D. Epigenetic dysregulation in chronic myeloid leukaemia: A myriad of mechanisms and therapeutic options. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:180-197. [PMID: 28778403 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The onset of global epigenetic changes in chromatin that drive tumor proliferation and heterogeneity is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. Identifying the epigenetic mechanisms that govern these changes and developing therapeutic approaches to modulate them, is a well-established avenue pursued in translational cancer medicine. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) arises clonally when a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) acquires the capacity to produce the constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1 fusion protein which drives tumor development. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target BCR-ABL1 has been transformative in CML management but it does not lead to cure in the vast majority of patients. Thus novel therapeutic approaches are required and these must target changes to biological pathways that are aberrant in CML - including those that occur when epigenetic mechanisms are altered. These changes may be due to alterations in DNA or histones, their biochemical modifications and requisite 'writer' proteins, or to dysregulation of various types of non-coding RNAs that collectively function as modulators of transcriptional control and DNA integrity. Here, we review the evidence for subverted epigenetic mechanisms in CML and how these impact on a diverse set of biological pathways, on disease progression, prognosis and drug resistance. We will also discuss recent progress towards developing epigenetic therapies that show promise to improve CML patient care and may lead to improved cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - David Vetrie
- Epigenetics Unit, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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18
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Xu DD, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang L, Chen SH, Fu WY, Ruan BB, Xu HP, Hu CZ, Tian L, Qin JH, Wang S, Wang X, Liu QY, Ren Z, Gu XK, Li YH, Liu Z, Wang YF. miR-150 Suppresses the Proliferation and Tumorigenicity of Leukemia Stem Cells by Targeting the Nanog Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27917123 PMCID: PMC5114241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation, a key feature of cancer cells, accounts for the majority of cancer-related diseases resulting in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) plays important post-transcriptional modulation roles by acting on multiple signaling pathways, but the underlying mechanism in proliferation and tumorigenicity is unclear. Here, we identified the role of miR-150 in proliferation and tumorigenicity in leukemia stem cells (LSCs; CD34+CD38- cells). miR-150 expression was significantly down-regulated in LSCs from leukemia cell lines and clinical samples. Functional assays demonstrated that increased miR-150 expression inhibited proliferation and clonal and clonogenic growth, enhanced chemosensitivity, and attenuated tumorigenic activity of LSCs in vitro. Transplantation animal studies revealed that miR-150 overexpression progressively abrogates tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated that miR-150 overexpression enhanced caspase-3 level and reduced Ki-67 level. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays indicated Nanog is a direct and functional target of miR-150. Nanog silencing using small interfering RNA recapitulated anti-proliferation and tumorigenicity inhibition effects. Furthermore, miR-150 directly down-regulated the expression of other cancer stem cell factors including Notch2 and CTNNB1. These results provide insights into the specific biological behavior of miR-150 in regulating LSC proliferation and tumorigenicity. Targeting this miR-150/Nanog axis would be a helpful therapeutic strategy to treat acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China; College of Biology Technolgy, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational CollegeGuangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China; Faculty of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- College of Biology Technolgy, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu-Yu Fu
- Faculty of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming, China
| | - Bi-Bo Ruan
- Faculty of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming, China
| | - Hai-Peng Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Zhi Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hong Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Kui Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-He Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
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Litwińska Z, Machaliński B. miRNAs in chronic myeloid leukemia: small molecules, essential function. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1297-1305. [PMID: 27736267 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1243676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with clonal expansion of cancerous bone marrow stem cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting Bcr-Abl oncoprotein are the first-line therapy for most CML patients, however, some are unresponsive to it or develop resistance. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the progression of CML and the development of TKI resistance based on their important regulatory function in cell homeostasis. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Since microRNAs can function either as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in leukemogenesis, the potential of using them as therapeutic targets by inhibiting or amplifying their activity, opens up new opportunities for leukemia therapy. In this review, we focus on recent studies on the important roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of CML and their relevance as biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Litwińska
- a Department of General Pathology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- a Department of General Pathology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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20
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Regulatory network analysis of microRNAs and genes in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:263-277. [PMID: 27638632 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy in the form of selective breakpoint cluster region-abelson (BCR/ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) has successfully been introduced in the treatment of the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, acquired resistance against imatinib mesylate (IM) has been reported in nearly half of patients and has been recognized as major issue in clinical practice. Multiple resistance genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to be involved in the IM resistance process. These resistance genes and miRNAs tend to interact with each other through a regulatory network. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of these interactions in the IM resistance process. The present study focused on miRNA and gene network analysis in order to elucidate the role of interacting elements and to understand their functional contribution in therapeutic failure. Unlike previous studies which were centered only on genes or miRNAs, the prime focus of the present study was on relationships. To this end, three regulatory networks including differentially expressed, related, and global networks were constructed and analyzed in search of similarities and differences. Regulatory associations between miRNAs and their target genes, transcription factors and miRNAs, as well as miRNAs and their host genes were also macroscopically investigated. Certain key pathways in the three networks, especially in the differentially expressed network, were featured. The differentially expressed network emerged as a fault map of IM-resistant CML. Theoretically, the IM resistance process could be prevented by correcting the included errors. The present network-based approach to study resistance miRNAs and genes might help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of IM resistance in CML as well as in the improvement of CML therapy.
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21
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Alizadeh S, Azizi SG, Soleimani M, Farshi Y, Kashani Khatib Z. The Role of MicroRNAs in Myeloproliferative Neoplasia. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2016; 10:172-85. [PMID: 27489593 PMCID: PMC4969562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRs are 17-25 nucleotide non-coding RNAs. These RNAs target approximately 80% of protein coding mRNAs. MiRs control gene expression and altered expression of them affects the development of cancer. MiRs can function as tumor suppressor via down-regulation of proto-oncogenes and may function as oncogenes by suppressing tumor suppressors. Myeloproliferative neoplasias (formerly known as chronic myeloproliferative disorders) form a class of hematologic malignancies demonstrating the expansion of stem cells in one or more hematopoietic cell lines. CML results from an acquired translocation known as BCR-ABL (Philadelphia chromosome). JAK2V617F mutation is present in over 95% of PV, 55% of ET and 65% of PMF cases. Aberrant expression of miR is associated with myeloproliferative neoplasias, pathogenesis, disease progress and response to treatment. MiRs can also be potential therapeutic targets. CML is mainly treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Imatinib. In addition, altered function of miRs may be used as a prognostic factor in treatment. Resistance to Imatinib is currently a major clinical problem. The role of a number of miRs has been demonstrated in this resistance. Changing expression pattern of miRs can be effective in response to treatment and inhibition of drug resistance. In this paper, we set out to evaluate the effect of miRs in pathogenesis and treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Alizadeh
- Hematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ghader Azizi
- Hematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Farshi
- Hematology Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kashani Khatib
- Hematology Department, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Dhondt B, Rousseau Q, De Wever O, Hendrix A. Function of extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs in metastasis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:621-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Mori F, Sacconi A, Canu V, Ganci F, Novello M, Anelli V, Covello R, Ferraresi V, Muti P, Biagini R, Blandino G, Strano S. miR-181c associates with tumor relapse of high grade osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13946-61. [PMID: 26062442 PMCID: PMC4546443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by low incidence, high aggressiveness and moderate 5-years survival rate after aggressive poly-chemotherapy and surgery. Here we used miRNA profiling as a tool to possibly predict and monitor OS's development and therapeutic outcome. First, we evaluated the altered expression of selected miRNAs from a case of Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) apparently evolved into an OS. We found that most of modulated miRs were associated with pathways of bone resorption and osteogenesis. miRNA expression also revealed that GCT and OS were distinct tumors. Second, we validated the observed miRNA profile in two independent casuistries of ten GCT (not evolved into malignant tumors) and sixteen OS patients. Interestingly, we found that miR-181c and other three miRNAs identified in the first step of the study were also consistently de-regulated in all OS patients. Ectopic expression of miR-181c reduced cell viability and enhanced chemotherapeutic-induced cell death of U2OS and SAOS2 cells. These findings indicate that: i) miRNAs aberrantly modulated in GCT could be predictive of its development into OS and ii) miRNAs expression could be useful to monitor the OS therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mori
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Canu
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Anelli
- UOC Radiology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Covello
- UOC Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto Biagini
- UOC Orthopedic Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Molecular Chemoprevention Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Wang G, Zhao R, Zhao X, Chen XI, Wang D, Jin Y, Liu XI, Zhao CI, Zhu Y, Ren C, Li M, Jin X, Zhang F, Zhong Z, Wang T, Li X. MicroRNA-181a enhances the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2835-2841. [PMID: 26722250 PMCID: PMC4665220 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-181 (miR-181) has been recently demonstrated to participate in the differentiation and development of immune cells, including natural killer cells and B and T lymphocytes, and myeloid linages, including erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. The aberrant expression of miR-181, particularly low expression levels, has been observed in a number of leukemia types, including B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cytogenetically abnormal acute myeloid leukemia. However, the expression and function of miR-181 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains unknown. In the present study, the aberrant expression of miR-181a was analyzed in a patient with CML and in the CML K562 cell line. In addition, the function and potential mechanisms of miR-181a in K562 cells with regard to their chemotherapeutic sensitivity to imatinib were investigated. The expression levels of miR-181a were significantly reduced in the patient with CML and in the CML K562 cell line. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-181a in the K562 cells enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of these cells to imatinib. The potential mechanism mediating these effects may be associated with the capacity of miR-181a to inhibit cell growth and/or to induce cells apoptosis and differentiation in K562 cells. The results of the present study suggested that miR-181a may be a target for the treatment of CML and a useful indicator of the therapeutic sensitivity of CML to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xingsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, P.R. China
| | - X I Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Inner Mongolia Tongliao City Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - X I Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, P.R. China
| | - C I Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China ; Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China ; Basic Medical Institute, Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Tortorella SM, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. The implication of cancer progenitor cells and the role of epigenetics in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic myeloid leukemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1425-62. [PMID: 25366930 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) involves the malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells, defined largely by the Philadelphia chromosome and expression of the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) oncoprotein. Pharmacological tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including imatinib mesylate, have overcome limitations in conventional treatment for the improved clinical management of CML. RECENT ADVANCES Accumulated evidence has led to the identification of a subpopulation of quiescent leukemia progenitor cells with stem-like self renewal properties that may initiate leukemogenesis, which are also shown to be present in residual disease due to their insensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibition. CRITICAL ISSUES The characterization of quiescent leukemia progenitor cells as a unique cell population in CML pathogenesis has become critical with the complete elucidation of mechanisms involved in their survival independent of BCR-ABL that is important in the development of novel anticancer strategies. Understanding of these functional pathways in CML progenitor cells will allow for their selective therapeutic targeting. In addition, disease pathogenesis and drug responsiveness is also thought to be modulated by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA expression, with a capacity to control CML-associated gene transcription. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A number of compounds in combination with TKIs are under preclinical and clinical investigation to assess their synergistic potential in targeting leukemic progenitor cells and/or the epigenome in CML. Despite the collective promise, further research is required in order to refine understanding, and, ultimately, advance antileukemic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Tortorella
- 1 Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct , Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Drug resistance-related microRNAs in hematological malignancies: Translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies. Blood Rev 2015; 29:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tian Y, Fu S, Qiu GB, Xu ZM, Liu N, Zhang XW, Chen S, Wang Y, Sun KL, Fu WN. MicroRNA-27a promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis by targeting PLK2 in laryngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:678. [PMID: 25239093 PMCID: PMC4177177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA-27a has been confirmed as an important regulator in carcinogenesis and other pathological processes. Whether and how it plays a role in the laryngeal carcinoma is unknown. Methods Mature miRNA-27a expression in laryngeal cancer was detected by qRT-PCR. Gain-of-function studies using mature miR-27a were performed to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis in the Hep2 cells. In silico database analysis and luciferase reporter assay were applied to predict and validate the direct target, respectively. Loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the functional significance of the miR-27a target gene. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein levels of the target, respectively. Results miR-27a was significantly up-regulated in the laryngeal tumor tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues. In silico database analysis result revealed that PLK2 is a potential target of miR-27a. luciferase reporter assay result showed the direct inhibition of miR-27a on PLK2-3′UTR. In the cases with miR-27a up-regulation, PLK2 protein expression level was significantly lower in cancer tissues than that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues, which showed a negative correlation with miR-27a expression level. Both miR-27a and knockdown of PLK2 caused the increase of the cell viability and colony formation and inhibition of the late apoptosis in the Hep2 cell lines. Moreover, miR-27a but not PLK2 also repressed the early apoptosis in the Hep2 cells. Additionally, no alteration of the Hep2 cell cycle induced by miR-27a was detected. Conclusions miR-27a acts as an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through down-regulation of PLK2 and may provide a novel clue into the potential mechanism of LSCC oncogenesis or serve as a useful biomarker in diagnosis and therapy in laryngeal cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-678) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guang-Bin Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Tomuleasa C, Braicu C, Irimie A, Craciun L, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nanopharmacology in translational hematology and oncology. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3465-79. [PMID: 25092977 PMCID: PMC4113407 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have displayed considerable promise for safely delivering therapeutic agents with miscellaneous therapeutic properties. Current progress in nanotechnology has put forward, in the last few years, several therapeutic strategies that could be integrated into clinical use by using constructs for molecular diagnosis, disease detection, cytostatic drug delivery, and nanoscale immunotherapy. In the hope of bringing the concept of nanopharmacology toward a viable and feasible clinical reality in a cancer center, the present report attempts to present the grounds for the use of cell-free nanoscale structures for molecular therapy in experimental hematology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Cancer Center, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Craciun
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, the Oncological Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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