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Amoah S, Cao W, Sayedahmed EE, Wang Y, Kumar A, Mishina M, Eddins DJ, Wang WC, Burroughs M, Sheth M, Lee J, Shieh WJ, Ray SD, Bohannon CD, Ranjan P, Sharma SD, Hoehner J, Arthur RA, Gangappa S, Wakamatsu N, Johnston HR, Pohl J, Mittal SK, Sambhara S. The frequency and function of nucleoprotein-specific CD8 + T cells are critical for heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0071124. [PMID: 39082839 PMCID: PMC11334528 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00711-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) mediate host defense against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and tumors. However, the magnitude of CTL response and their function needed to confer heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus infection are unknown. We addressed the role of CD8+ T cells in the absence of any cross-reactive antibody responses to influenza viral proteins using an adenoviral vector expressing a 9mer amino acid sequence recognized by CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that both CD8+ T cell frequency and function are crucial for heterosubtypic immunity. Low morbidity, lower viral lung titers, low to minimal lung pathology, and better survival upon heterosubtypic virus challenge correlated with the increased frequency of NP-specific CTLs. NP-CD8+ T cells induced by differential infection doses displayed distinct RNA transcriptome profiles and functional properties. CD8+ T cells induced by a high dose of influenza virus secreted significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and exhibited higher levels of cytotoxic function. The mice that received NP-CD8+ T cells from the high-dose virus recipients through adoptive transfer had lower viral titers following viral challenge than those induced by the low dose of virus, suggesting differential cellular programming by antigen dose. Enhanced NP-CD8+ T-cell functions induced by a higher dose of influenza virus strongly correlated with the increased expression of cellular and metabolic genes, indicating a shift to a more glycolytic metabolic phenotype. These findings have implications for developing effective T cell vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. IMPORTANCE Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are an important component of the adaptive immune system that clears virus-infected cells or tumor cells. Hence, developing next-generation vaccines that induce or recall CTL responses against cancer and infectious diseases is crucial. However, it is not clear if the frequency, function, or both are essential in conferring protection, as in the case of influenza. In this study, we demonstrate that both CTL frequency and function are crucial for providing heterosubtypic immunity to influenza by utilizing an Ad-viral vector expressing a CD8 epitope only to rule out the role of antibodies, single-cell RNA-seq analysis, as well as adoptive transfer experiments. Our findings have implications for developing T cell vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devon J. Eddins
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wen-Chien Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark Burroughs
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mili Sheth
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sean D. Ray
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caitlin D. Bohannon
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suresh D. Sharma
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Hoehner
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory Integrated Core Facilities, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert A. Arthur
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory Integrated Core Facilities, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - H. Richard Johnston
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Ashhurst AS, Flórido M, Lin LCW, Quan D, Armitage E, Stifter SA, Stambas J, Britton WJ. CXCR6-Deficiency Improves the Control of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Influenza Infection Independent of T-Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 30899256 PMCID: PMC6416161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocytes are critical for protection against respiratory infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus, with chemokine receptors playing an important role in directing these cells to the lungs. CXCR6 is expressed by activated T-lymphocytes and its ligand, CXCL16, is constitutively expressed by the bronchial epithelia, suggesting a role in T-lymphocyte recruitment and retention. However, it is unknown whether CXCR6 is required in responses to pulmonary infection, particularly on CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Analysis of CXCR6-reporter mice revealed that in naïve mice, lung leukocyte expression of CXCR6 was largely restricted to a small population of T-lymphocytes, but this population was highly upregulated after either infection. Nevertheless, pulmonary infection of CXCR6-deficient mice with M. tuberculosis or recombinant influenza A virus expressing P25 peptide (rIAV-P25), an I-Ab-restricted epitope from the immunodominant mycobacterial antigen, Ag85B, demonstrated that the receptor was redundant for recruitment of T-lymphocytes to the lungs. Interestingly, CXCR6-deficiency resulted in reduced bacterial burden in the lungs 6 weeks after M. tuberculosis infection, and reduced weight loss after rIAV-P25 infection compared to wild type controls. This was paradoxically associated with a decrease in Th1-cytokine responses in the lung parenchyma. Adoptive transfer of P25-specific CXCR6-deficient T-lymphocytes into WT mice revealed that this functional change in Th1-cytokine production was not due to a T-lymphocyte intrinsic mechanism. Moreover, there was no reduction in the number or function of CD4+ and CD8+ tissue resident memory cells in the lungs of CXCR6-deficient mice. Although CXCR6 was not required for T-lymphocyte recruitment or retention in the lungs, CXCR6 influenced the kinetics of the inflammatory response so that deficiency led to increased host control of M. tuberculosis and influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese S Ashhurst
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuela Flórido
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Leon C W Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Quan
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellis Armitage
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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3
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Lesellier S. Immunological responses of European badgers (Meles Meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 61:9-15. [PMID: 30502833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of bovine tuberculosis and its eradication is proving difficult in many countries because of wildlife reservoirs, including European badgers (Meles meles) in the UK Ireland. Following the development of badger specific immunological reagents, many studies have shown that some aspects of the cellular and serological immune responses of badgers to virulent M. bovis and the attenuated M. bovis BCG (Bacille of Calmette and Guérin) strain are similar to those seen in other animal hosts infected with M. bovis. However, badgers also appear to have developed specific immunological responses to M. bovis infection which may be associated with mild inflammatory responses. Badgers may therefore represent an interesting natural host for M. bovis that can provide a more thorough understanding of efficient immunological responses to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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4
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Jeyanathan M, Afkhami S, Khera A, Mandur T, Damjanovic D, Yao Y, Lai R, Haddadi S, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Jordana M, Kunkel SL, Xing Z. CXCR3 Signaling Is Required for Restricted Homing of Parenteral Tuberculosis Vaccine-Induced T Cells to Both the Lung Parenchyma and Airway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2555-2569. [PMID: 28827285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although most novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are designed for delivery via the muscle or skin for enhanced protection in the lung, it has remained poorly understood whether systemic vaccine-induced memory T cells can readily home to the lung mucosa prior to and shortly after pathogen exposure. We have investigated this issue by using a model of parenteral TB immunization and intravascular immunostaining. We find that systemically induced memory T cells are restricted to the blood vessels in the lung, unable to populate either the lung parenchymal tissue or the airway under homeostatic conditions. We further find that after pulmonary TB infection, it still takes many days before such T cells can enter the lung parenchymal tissue and airway. We have identified the acquisition of CXCR3 expression by circulating T cells to be critical for their entry to these lung mucosal compartments. Our findings offer new insights into mucosal T cell biology and have important implications in vaccine strategies against pulmonary TB and other intracellular infections in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Sam Afkhami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Amandeep Khera
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Talveer Mandur
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Daniela Damjanovic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Yushi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Rocky Lai
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Siamak Haddadi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; .,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; and
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5
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Takamura S. Persistence in Temporary Lung Niches: A Survival Strategy of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:438-450. [PMID: 28418771 PMCID: PMC5512299 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections, such as those mediated by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), rhinovirus, and adenovirus, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in children and older adults. Furthermore, the potential emergence of highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus poses a significant public health threat. Thus, the development of vaccines capable of eliciting long-lasting protective immunity to those pathogens is a major public health priority. CD8+ Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a newly defined population that resides permanently in the nonlymphoid tissues including the lung. These cells are capable of providing local protection immediately after infection, thereby promoting rapid host recovery. Recent studies have offered new insights into the anatomical niches that harbor lung CD8+ TRM cells, and also identified the requirement and limitations of TRM maintenance. However, it remains controversial whether lung CD8+ TRM cells are continuously replenished by new cells from the circulation or permanently lodged in this site. A better understanding of how lung CD8+ TRM cells are generated and maintained and the tissue-specific factors that drive local TRM formation is required for optimal vaccine development. This review focuses on recent advance in our understanding of CD8+ TRM cell establishment and maintenance in the lung, and describes how those processes are uniquely regulated in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University , Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Blevins LK, Wren JT, Holbrook BC, Hayward SL, Swords WE, Parks GD, Alexander-Miller MA. Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae negatively modulates the size and composition of the ongoing influenza-specific CD8⁺ T cell response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:5076-87. [PMID: 25311807 PMCID: PMC4265766 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus can lead to increased susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infection, often with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Given the substantial modification of the lung environment that occurs following pathogen infection, there is significant potential for modulation of immune responses. In this study, we show that infection of mice with influenza virus, followed by the noninvasive EF3030 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leads to a significant decrease in the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response in the lung. Adoptive-transfer studies suggest that this reduction contributes to disease in coinfected animals. The reduced number of lung effector cells in coinfected animals was associated with increased death, as well as a reduction in cytokine production in surviving cells. Further, cells that retained the ability to produce IFN-γ exhibited a decreased potential for coproduction of TNF-α. Reduced cytokine production was directly correlated with a decrease in the level of mRNA. Negative regulation of cells in the mediastinal lymph node was minimal compared with that present in the lung, supporting a model of selective regulation in the tissue harboring high pathogen burden. These results show that entry of a coinfecting pathogen can have profound immunoregulatory effects on an ongoing immune response. Together, these findings reveal a novel dynamic interplay between concurrently infecting pathogens and the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance K Blevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - John T Wren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Beth C Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Sarah L Hayward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - W Edward Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Martha A Alexander-Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
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7
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Herbert R, Baron J, Batten C, Baron M, Taylor G. Recombinant adenovirus expressing the haemagglutinin of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) protects goats against challenge with pathogenic virus; a DIVA vaccine for PPR. Vet Res 2014; 45:24. [PMID: 24568545 PMCID: PMC3941483 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that can cause severe disease in sheep and goats, characterised by pyrexia, pneumo-enteritis, and gastritis. The socio-economic burden of the disease is increasing in underdeveloped countries, with poor livestock keepers being affected the most. Current vaccines consist of cell-culture attenuated strains of PPRV, which induce a similar antibody profile to that induced by natural infection. Generation of a vaccine that enables differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) would benefit PPR control and eradication programmes, particularly in the later stages of an eradication campaign and for countries where the disease is not endemic. In order to create a vaccine that would enable infected animals to be distinguished from vaccinated ones (DIVA vaccine), we have evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox (FP) and replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus 5 (Ad), expressing PPRV F and H proteins, in goats. The Ad constructs induced higher levels of virus-specific and neutralising antibodies, and primed greater numbers of CD8+ T cells than the FP-vectored vaccines. Importantly, a single dose of Ad-H, with or without the addition of Ad expressing ovine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or ovine interleukin-2, not only induced strong antibody and cell-mediated immunity but also completely protected goats against challenge with virulent PPRV, 4 months after vaccination. Replication-defective Ad-H therefore offers the possibility of an effective DIVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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8
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Smith X, Schneider H, Köhler K, Liu H, Lu Y, Rudd CE. The chemokine CXCL12 generates costimulatory signals in T cells to enhance phosphorylation and clustering of the adaptor protein SLP-76. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra65. [PMID: 23901140 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine CXCL12 mediates the chemoattraction of T cells and enhances the stimulation of T cells through the T cell receptor (TCR). The adaptor SLP-76 [Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD] has two key tyrosine residues, Tyr(113) and Tyr(128), that mediate signaling downstream of the TCR. We investigated the effect of CXCL12 on SLP-76 phosphorylation and the TCR-dependent formation of SLP-76 microclusters. Although CXCL12 alone failed to induce SLP-76 cluster formation, it enhanced the number, stability, and phosphorylation of SLP-76 microclusters formed in response to stimulation of the TCR by an activating antibody against CD3, a component of the TCR complex. Addition of CXCL12 to anti-CD3-stimulated cells resulted in F-actin polymerization that stabilized SLP-76 microclusters in the cells' periphery at the interface with antibody-coated coverslips and increased the interaction between SLP-76 clusters and those containing ZAP-70, the TCR-associated kinase that phosphorylates SLP-76, as well as increased TCR-dependent gene expression. Costimulation with CXCL12 and anti-CD3 increased the extent of phosphorylation of SLP-76 at Tyr(113) and Tyr(128), but not that of other TCR-proximal components, and mutation of either one of these residues impaired the CXCL12-dependent effect on SLP-76 microcluster formation, F-actin polymerization, and TCR-dependent gene expression. The effects of CXCL12 on SLP-76 microcluster formation were dependent on the coupling of its receptor CXCR4 to G(i)-family G proteins (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins). Thus, we identified a costimulatory mechanism by which CXCL12 and antigen converge at SLP-76 microcluster formation to enhance T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 OXY, UK
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9
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Beverley P, Ronan E, Lee L, Arnold I, Bolinger B, Powrie F, Tchilian E. Environmental effects on protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis after immunization with Ad85A. Vaccine 2013; 31:1086-93. [PMID: 23262169 PMCID: PMC3566543 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that intradermal (i.d.) immunization with a recombinant adenovirus expressing antigen 85A (Ad85A) induced a strong splenic CD8T cell response in BALB/c mice but a weak lung immune response and did not protect mice against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). After moving to a new animal house, the same i.d. immunization induced a strong lung immune response and the mice were protected against Mtb challenge. Increased numbers of antigen 85A-specific CD8 cells were present in lung tissue but were not recoverable by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Mycobacterial growth was inhibited 21 days after Mtb challenge. In contrast, the effects of intranasal (i.n.) immunization did not change between the animal houses; 85A-specific T cells were recovered by BAL and were able to inhibit Mtb growth early after challenge. The effect of alterations to the environment was investigated by administering BCG or Mycobacterium abscessus in the drinking water, which induced protection against Mtb challenge, while Mycobacterium smegmatis did not. However, when Ad85A was given i.d. at the same time as BCG or M. abscessus, but not M. smegmatis, the protection induced by Ad85A was abolished. Treatment of mice with a CD25 antibody during the challenge period, abolished the suppressive effect of oral mycobacterial administration, suggesting that regulatory T cells (T regs) were involved. These results showed that exposure to environmental microorganisms can alter the protective immune response to a parenterally administered subunit vaccine, a result with important implications for the use of such vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Beverley
- University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Edward Ronan
- University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Lianni Lee
- University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Isabelle Arnold
- University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Beatrice Bolinger
- University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elma Tchilian
- University of Oxford, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
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10
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Kumar GSS, Venugopal AK, Kashyap MK, Raju R, Marimuthu A, Palapetta SM, Subbanayya Y, Goel R, Chawla A, Dikshit JB, Tata P, Harsha HC, Maharudraiah J, Ramachandra YL, Satishchandra P, Prasad TSK, Pandey A, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK. Gene Expression Profiling of Tuberculous Meningitis Co-infected with HIV. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 5:235-244. [PMID: 27053842 PMCID: PMC4820295 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a fatal form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the central nervous system (CNS). The similarities in the clinical and radiological findings in TBM cases with or without HIV make the diagnosis very challenging. Identification of genes, which are differentially expressed in brain tissues of HIV positive and HIV negative TBM patients, would enable better understanding of the molecular aspects of the infection and would also serve as an initial platform to evaluate potential biomarkers. Here, we report the identification of 796 differentially regulated genes in brain tissues of TBM patients co-infected with HIV using oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. We also performed immunohistochemical validation and confirmed the abundance of four gene products-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP/ECGF1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8). Our study paves the way for understanding the mechanism of TBM in HIV positive patients and for further validation of potential disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghantasala S. Sameer Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India
| | - Abhilash K. Venugopal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyam Mohan Palapetta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbanayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560041, India
| | - Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India
| | - Ankit Chawla
- Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, India
| | | | - Pramila Tata
- Strand Life Sciences, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India
| | - H. C. Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadeesha Maharudraiah
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Y. L. Ramachandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shimoga 577451, India
| | | | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding authors: Akhilesh Pandey, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, BRB 527, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, Tel: 410-502-6662; Fax: 410-502-7544; , S. K. Shankar, Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India, Tel: 91-080-26995001/5002; Fax: 91-080-26564830;
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - S. K. Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
- Corresponding authors: Akhilesh Pandey, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, BRB 527, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, Tel: 410-502-6662; Fax: 410-502-7544; , S. K. Shankar, Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India, Tel: 91-080-26995001/5002; Fax: 91-080-26564830;
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CXCR6 is a marker for protective antigen-specific cells in the lungs after intranasal immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3328-37. [PMID: 21628524 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01133-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Convincing correlates of protective immunity against tuberculosis have been elusive. In BALB/c mice, intranasal immunization with a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A (adenovirus-85A) induces protective lower respiratory tract immunity against pulmonary challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while intradermal immunization with adenovirus-85A does not. Here we report that intranasal immunization with adenovirus-85A induces expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 on lung CD8 T lymphocytes, which is maintained for at least 3 months. CXCR6-positive antigen-specific T cell numbers are increased among bronchoalveolar lavage-recoverable cells. Similarly, intranasal immunization with recombinant antigen 85A with adjuvant induces CXCR6 expression on lung CD4 cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, while a synthetic ESAT6(1-20) peptide with adjuvant induces CXCR6 expression in C57BL/6 mice. Parenteral immunization fails to do so. Upregulation of CXCR6 is accompanied by a transient elevation of serum CXCL16 after intranasal immunization, and lung cells cultured ex vivo from mice immunized intranasally show increased production of CXCL16. Administration of CXCL16 and cognate antigen intranasally to mice previously immunized parenterally increases the number of antigen-specific T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage-recoverable population, which mediates inhibition of the early growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after challenge. We conclude that expression of CXCR6 on lung T lymphocytes is a correlate of local protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis after intranasal immunization and that CXCR6 and CXCL16 play an important role in the localization of T cells within lung tissue and the bronchoalveolar lavage-recoverable compartment.
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