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Tippett VL, Tattersall L, Ab Latif NB, Shah KM, Lawson MA, Gartland A. The strategy and clinical relevance of in vitro models of MAP resistance in osteosarcoma: a systematic review. Oncogene 2023; 42:259-277. [PMID: 36434179 PMCID: PMC9859755 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years osteosarcoma (OS) survival has stagnated with patients commonly resistant to neoadjuvant MAP chemotherapy involving high dose methotrexate, adriamycin (doxorubicin) and platinum (cisplatin). Due to the rarity of OS, the generation of relevant cell models as tools for drug discovery is paramount to tackling this issue. Four literature databases were systematically searched using pre-determined search terms to identify MAP resistant OS cell lines and patients. Drug exposure strategies used to develop cell models of resistance and the impact of these on the differential expression of resistance associated genes, proteins and non-coding RNAs are reported. A comparison to clinical studies in relation to chemotherapy response, relapse and metastasis was then made. The search retrieved 1891 papers of which 52 were relevant. Commonly, cell lines were derived from Caucasian patients with epithelial or fibroblastic subtypes. The strategy for model development varied with most opting for continuous over pulsed chemotherapy exposure. A diverse resistance level was observed between models (2.2-338 fold) with 63% of models exceeding clinically reported resistance levels which may affect the expression of chemoresistance factors. In vitro p-glycoprotein overexpression is a key resistance mechanism; however, from the available literature to date this does not translate to innate resistance in patients. The selection of models with a lower fold resistance may better reflect the clinical situation. A comparison of standardised strategies in models and variants should be performed to determine their impact on resistance markers. Clinical studies are required to determine the impact of resistance markers identified in vitro in poor responders to MAP treatment, specifically with respect to innate and acquired resistance. A shift from seeking disputed and undruggable mechanisms to clinically relevant resistance mechanisms may identify key resistance markers that can be targeted for patient benefit after a 40-year wait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tippett
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Luke Tattersall
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Norain B Ab Latif
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, No. 3 Jalan Greentown, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Karan M Shah
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alison Gartland
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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2
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Zhang Y, He R, Lei X, Mao L, Yin Z, Zhong X, Cao W, Zheng Q, Li D. Comprehensive Analysis of a Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Landscape in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880459. [PMID: 35837104 PMCID: PMC9273977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the implications of ferroptosis in tumors has increased rapidly in the last decades. There are evidences that ferroptosis is involved in several aspects of cancer biology, including tumor progression, metastasis, immunomodulation, and therapeutic response. Nonetheless, the interaction between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) and the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment is poorly understood. In this study, a risk model composed of FRLs was developed using univariate and LASSO Cox regression analyses. On the basis of this model, FRL scores were calculated to systematically explore the role of the model in predicting the prognosis and immune characteristics of osteosarcoma patients. Survival analysis showed that osteosarcoma samples with lower FRL-score had better overall survival. After predicting the abundance of immune cells in osteosarcoma microenvironment by single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE analysis, we found that the FRL-score could distinguish immune function, immune score, stromal score, tumor purity, and tumor infiltration of immune cells in different osteosarcoma patients. In addition, FRL-score was also associated with immune checkpoint gene expression and half-maximal inhibitory concentration of chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, we confirmed that knockdown of RPARP-AS1 suppressed the malignant activity of osteosarcoma cells in vitro experiments. In general, the FRL-based prognostic signature could promote our understanding of the immune microenvironment characteristics of osteosarcoma and guide more effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rong He
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuan Lei
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lianghao Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengyu Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenbing Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Li, ; Qiping Zheng,
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Li, ; Qiping Zheng,
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3
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Sittiju P, Chaiyawat P, Pruksakorn D, Klangjorhor J, Wongrin W, Phinyo P, Kamolphiwong R, Phanphaisarn A, Teeyakasem P, Kongtawelert P, Pothacharoen P. Osteosarcoma-Specific Genes as a Diagnostic Tool and Clinical Predictor of Tumor Progression. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050698. [PMID: 35625426 PMCID: PMC9138411 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The standard method for the diagnosis and monitoring of osteosarcoma is biopsy and tumor imaging, which causes discomfort to patients and is difficult to repeat. A blood sample can be used as a non-invasive method for monitoring tumor material. Vimentin and ezrin show clinical significance in samples obtained from OS patients but need circulating tumor cell purification, since they are expressed in leukocytes. Due to the low-temperature storage of the samples, it proved impossible to perform purification to remove the contamination. We propose that novel or OS-specific biomarkers using differential gene expression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database is a promising approach for developing diagnostic and tumor progression strategies. Seven genes from the database showed significant expression in OS cell lines/primary cells compared to a normal blood donor, together with ezrin and VIM. The expression of the five candidate genes together with ezrin and vimentin were quantified by qRT-PCR and analyzed using a mathematical model with high efficiency to discriminate between OS patients and normal samples, resulting in the selection of three candidate genes: COL5A2 (one of the five from the database) as well as ezrin and VIM. Our study demonstrates that these genes in retrospective samples could serve as tools of OS detection and predictors of disease progression. Abstract A liquid biopsy is currently an interesting tool for measuring tumor material with the advantage of being non-invasive. The overexpression of vimentin and ezrin genes was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in metastasis and progression in osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we identified other OS-specific genes by calculating differential gene expression using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, confirmed by using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect OS-specific genes, including VIM and ezrin in the buffy coat, which were obtained from the whole blood of OS patients and healthy donors. Furthermore, the diagnostic model for OS detection was generated by utilizing binary logistic regression with a multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) algorithm. The model incorporating VIM, ezrin, and COL5A2 genes exhibited outstanding discriminative ability, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.9805, 95% CI 0.9603, 1.000). At the probability cut-off value of 0.3366, the sensitivity and the specificity of the model for detecting OS were 98.63% (95% CI 90.5, 99.7) and 94.94% (95% CI 87.5, 98.6), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and qRT-PCR, in our study, identified three candidate genes that are potential diagnostic and prognostic genes for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaralawan Sittiju
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Weerinrada Wongrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rawikant Kamolphiwong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Areerak Phanphaisarn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-94-5325 (ext. 206)
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Alam MM, Chakma K, Mahmud S, Hossain MN, Karim MR, Amin MA. Multiomics analysis of altered NRF3 expression reveals poor prognosis in cancer. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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VanCleave A, Palmer M, Fang F, Torres H, Rodezno T, Li Q, Fuglsby K, Evans C, Afeworki Y, Ross A, Rao P, Leiferman P, Zheng S, Houghton P, Tao J. Development and characterization of the novel human osteosarcoma cell line COS-33 with sustained activation of the mTOR pathway. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2597-2610. [PMID: 32676162 PMCID: PMC7343631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes have not improved for metastatic osteosarcoma for several decades. In part, this failure to develop better therapies stems from a lack of understanding of osteosarcoma biology, given the rarity of the disease and the high genetic heterogeneity at the time of diagnosis. We report here the successful establishment of a new human osteosarcoma cell line, COS-33, from a patient-derived xenograft and demonstrate retention of the biological features of the original tumor. We found high mTOR signaling activity in the cultured cells, which were sensitive to a small molecule inhibitor, rapamycin, a suppressor of the mTOR pathway. Suppressed mTOR signaling after treatment with rapamycin was confirmed by decreased phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein. Increasing concentrations of rapamycin progressively inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. We observed significant inhibitory effects of the drug on cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in the cultured cells. Furthermore, we found that only a strong osteogenic inducer, bone morphogenetic protein-2, promoted the cells to differentiate into mature mineralizing osteoblasts, indicating that the COS-33 cell line may have impaired osteoblast differentiation. Grafted COS-33 cells exhibited features typical of osteosarcoma, such as production of osteoid and tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, we revealed that the COS-33 cell line retained a complex karyotype, a homozygous deletion of the TP53 gene, and typical histological features from its original tumor. Our novel cellular model may provide a valuable platform for studying the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma as well as for testing novel drugs for future genome-informed targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley VanCleave
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mykayla Palmer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,SPUR Scholar Program, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Haydee Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Tania Rodezno
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Qilin Li
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kirby Fuglsby
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Claire Evans
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Alan Ross
- Sanford Medical Genetics Laboratory of Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pulivarthi Rao
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Leiferman
- EGL Genetics Laboratory, Tucker, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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6
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Biochemical characteristics of the chondrocyte-enriched SNORC protein and its transcriptional regulation by SOX9. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7790. [PMID: 32385306 PMCID: PMC7210984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Snorc (Small NOvel Rich in Cartilage) has been identified as a chondrocyte-specific gene in the mouse. Yet little is known about the SNORC protein biochemical properties, and mechanistically how the gene is regulated transcriptionally in a tissue-specific manner. The goals of the present study were to shed light on those important aspects. The chondrocyte nature of Snorc expression was confirmed in mouse and rat tissues, in differentiated (day 7) ATDC5, and in RCS cells where it was constitutive. Topological mapping and biochemical analysis brought experimental evidences that SNORC is a type I protein carrying a chondroitin sulfate (CS) attached to serine 44. The anomalous migration of SNORC on SDS-PAGE was due to its primary polypeptide features, suggesting no additional post-translational modifications apart from the CS glycosaminoglycan. A highly conserved SOX9-binding enhancer located in intron 1 was necessary to drive transcription of Snorc in the mouse, rat, and human. The enhancer was active independently of orientation and whether located in a heterologous promoter or intron. Crispr-mediated inactivation of the enhancer in RCS cells caused reduction of Snorc. Transgenic mice carrying the intronic multimerized enhancer drove high expression of a βGeo reporter in chondrocytes, but not in the hypertrophic zone. Altogether these data confirmed the chondrocyte-specific nature of Snorc and revealed dependency on the intronic enhancer binding of SOX9 for transcription.
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7
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Mallik S, Bandyopadhyay S. WeCoMXP: Weighted Connectivity Measure Integrating Co-Methylation, Co-Expression and Protein-Protein Interactions for Gene-Module Detection. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 17:690-703. [PMID: 30183644 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2868348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of modules (groups of several tightly interconnected genes) in gene interaction network is an essential task for better understanding of the architecture of the whole network. In this article, we develop a novel weighted connectivity measure integrating co-methylation, co-expression, and protein-protein interactions (called WeCoMXP) to detect gene-modules for multi-omics dataset. The proposed measure goes beyond the fundamental degree centrality measure through considering some formulation of higher-order connections. Thereafter, we apply the average linkage clustering method using the corresponding dissimilarity (distance) values of WeCoMXP scores, and utilize a dynamic tree cut method for identifying some gene-modules. We validate the modules through literature search, KEGG pathway, and gene-ontology analyses on the genes representing the modules. Furthermore, the top 10 TFs/miRNAs that are connected with the maximum number of gene-modules and that regulate/target the maximum number of genes from these connected gene-modules, are identified. Moreover, our proposed method provides a better performance than the existing methods in terms of several cluster-validity indices in maximum times.
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8
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Lu W, Chao T, Ruiqi C, Juan S, Zhihong L. Patient-derived xenograft models in musculoskeletal malignancies. J Transl Med 2018; 16:107. [PMID: 29688859 PMCID: PMC5913806 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful oncological drug development for bone and soft tissue sarcoma is grossly stagnating. A major obstacle in this process is the lack of appropriate animal models recapitulating the complexity and heterogeneity of musculoskeletal malignancies, resulting in poor efficiency in translating the findings of basic research to clinical applications. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models generated by directly engrafting patient-derived tumor fragments into immunocompromised mice have recaptured the attention of many researchers due to their properties of retaining the principle histopathology, biological behaviors, and molecular and genetic characteristics of the original tumor, showing promising future in both basic and clinical studies of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Despite several limitations including low take rate and long take time in PDX generation, deficient immune system and heterologous tumor microenvironment of the host, PDXs offer a more advantageous platform for preclinical drug screening, biomarker identification and clinical therapeutic decision guiding. Here, we provide a timely review of the establishment and applications of PDX models for musculoskeletal malignancies and discuss current challenges and future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410010, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410010, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ruiqi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410010, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Juan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410010, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhihong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410010, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Laschi M, Bernardini G, Geminiani M, Manetti F, Mori M, Spreafico A, Campanacci D, Capanna R, Schenone S, Botta M, Santucci A. Differentially activated Src kinase in chemo-naïve human primary osteosarcoma cells and effects of a Src kinase inhibitor. Biofactors 2017; 43:801-811. [PMID: 28786551 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic treatment of osteosarcoma (OS), a rare malignant teenage cancer of the skeletal system, still represents a great challenge as patient survival after conventional protocol chemotherapy treatment has not improved in the last four decades leaving poor patient prognoses. Therefore, many efforts have been done to find increasingly reliable OS cell models and to identify "druggable" targets in OS, in order to identify novel effective therapeutic approaches and treatment strategies. In this contest, the more successful use of patient-derived cell cultures in respect to human commercial lines and findings of Src kinase deregulation in cancer, prompted us to study for the first time the activation state of Src and the potential activity of our Src inhibitor SI-83 in a number of chemo-naïve patient-derived primary OS cells. We here demonstrate that Src is hyperactivated in OS cells in respect to the nonmalignant counterpart and that SI-83 is able to strongly decrease cell viability, proliferation, Src416 phosphorylation, and cell migration. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):801-811, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Laschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Adriano Spreafico
- Immunoematologia Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, strada delle Scotte14, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale (DCMT), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Ortopedia Largo Palagi, Firenze, 1 50139, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Capanna
- Dipartimento di Ortopedia, Oncologica e Chirurgia Ricostruttiva, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, largo Brambilla 3, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena, 53100, Italy
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Sharma A, Cinti C, Capobianco E. Multitype Network-Guided Target Controllability in Phenotypically Characterized Osteosarcoma: Role of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:918. [PMID: 28824643 PMCID: PMC5536125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study highlights the relevance of network-guided controllability analysis as a precision oncology tool. Target controllability through networks is potentially relevant to cancer research for the identification of therapeutic targets. With reference to a recent study on multiple phenotypes from 22 osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines characterized both in vitro and in vivo, we found that a variety of critical proteins in OS regulation circuits were in part phenotype specific and in part shared. To generalize our inference approach and match cancer phenotypic heterogeneity, we employed multitype networks and identified targets in correspondence with protein sub-complexes. Therefore, we established the relevance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of inspecting interactive targets, namely those enriched by significant connectivity patterns in protein sub-complexes. Emerging targets appeared with reference to the OS microenvironment, and relatively to small leucine-rich proteoglycan members and D-type cyclins, among other collagen, laminin, and keratin proteins. These described were evidences shared across all phenotypes; instead, specific evidences were provided by critical proteins including IGFBP7 and PDGFRA in the invasive phenotype, and FGFR3 and THBS1 in the colony forming phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Sharma
- Experimental Oncology Unit, UOS - Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Siena, Italy.,Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Caterina Cinti
- Experimental Oncology Unit, UOS - Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Sharma A, Capobianco E. Immuno-Oncology Integrative Networks: Elucidating the Influences of Osteosarcoma Phenotypes. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117721691. [PMID: 28804242 PMCID: PMC5533255 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117721691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro functional phenotyping characterization was recently obtained with reference to an experimental pan-cancer study of 22 osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines. Here, differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles were recomputed from the publicly available data to conduct network inference on the immune system regulatory activity across the characterized OS phenotypes. Based on such DEG profiles, and for each phenotype that was analyzed, we obtained coexpression networks and bio-annotations for them. Then, we described the immune-modulated influences in phenotype-specific networks' integrating pathway, transcription factor, and microRNA regulations. Overall, this approach seems suitable for representing heterogeneity in OS tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Sharma
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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12
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Biological analysis of cancer specific microRNAs on function modeling in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5382. [PMID: 28710380 PMCID: PMC5511279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone tumor characterized with a high risk of amputation and malignant morbidity among teenagers and adolescents. However, relevant pathogenic/biological mechanisms underlying OS-genesis remains to be ambiguous. The aim of this study was to elucidate functional relationship about microRNAs-mRNAs networks and to identify potential molecular markers via a computational method. Gene expression profile (GSE70415) was recruited from Gene Expression Omnibus. 3856 differentially expressed genes and 250 significantly expressed microRNAs were identified by using GCBI. The results of GO and KEGG pathways associated proteomics analysis indicated that extracellular matrix organization, small molecule metabolic process, cell adhesion (GO IDs: 0030198, 0044281, 0007155) and pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, metabolic pathways (pathway IDs: 5200, 4151, 1100) were significantly enriched. In addition, CKMT2, miR-93b-5p, miR-29b-3p were found to be positively/negatively correlated with TP53, EGFR, and MMP members mediated OS development, including angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Further visualization of collective effect of 1181 microRNAs-mRNAs pairs and protein-protein interactions was realized by applying with cytosacpe. In summary, our work provided a better understanding of non-coding regulatory mechanisms of transcriptomics and unraveled essential molecular biomarkers in osteosarcoma.
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13
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Scott MC, Tomiyasu H, Garbe JR, Cornax I, Amaya C, O'Sullivan MG, Subramanian S, Bryan BA, Modiano JF. Heterotypic mouse models of canine osteosarcoma recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and biological behavior. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1435-1444. [PMID: 27874835 PMCID: PMC5200896 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous and rare disease with a disproportionate impact because it mainly affects children and adolescents. Lamentably, more than half of patients with OS succumb to metastatic disease. Clarification of the etiology of the disease, development of better strategies to manage progression, and methods to guide personalized treatments are among the unmet health needs for OS patients. Progress in managing the disease has been hindered by the extreme heterogeneity of OS; thus, better models that accurately recapitulate the natural heterogeneity of the disease are needed. For this study, we used cell lines derived from two spontaneous canine OS tumors with distinctly different biological behavior (OS-1 and OS-2) for heterotypic in vivo modeling that recapitulates the heterogeneous biology and behavior of this disease. Both cell lines demonstrated stability of the transcriptome when grown as orthotopic xenografts in athymic nude mice. Consistent with the behavior of the original tumors, OS-2 xenografts grew more rapidly at the primary site and had greater propensity to disseminate to lung and establish microscopic metastasis. Moreover, OS-2 promoted formation of a different tumor-associated stromal environment than OS-1 xenografts. OS-2-derived tumors comprised a larger percentage of the xenograft tumors than OS-1-derived tumors. In addition, a robust pro-inflammatory population dominated the stromal cell infiltrates in OS-2 xenografts, whereas a mesenchymal population with a gene signature reflecting myogenic signaling dominated those in the OS-1 xenografts. Our studies show that canine OS cell lines maintain intrinsic features of the tumors from which they were derived and recapitulate the heterogeneous biology and behavior of bone cancer in mouse models. This system provides a resource to understand essential interactions between tumor cells and the stromal environment that drive the progression and metastatic propensity of OS. Editors' choice: We developed a system that recapitulates the heterogeneous biological behavior of bone cancer in mouse models and describe novel methods to study tumor–stromal interactions in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milcah C Scott
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John R Garbe
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Clarissa Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Barøy T, Chilamakuri CSR, Lorenz S, Sun J, Bruland ØS, Myklebost O, Meza-Zepeda LA. Genome Analysis of Osteosarcoma Progression Samples Identifies FGFR1 Overexpression as a Potential Treatment Target and CHM as a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163859. [PMID: 27685995 PMCID: PMC5042545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, showing complex chromosomal rearrangements but with few known consistent changes. Deeper biological understanding is crucial to find new therapies to improve patient survival. We have sequenced the whole exome of two primary tumors (before and after chemotherapy), one metastatic tumor and a matched normal sample from two OS patients, to identify mutations involved in cancer biology. The metastatic samples were also RNA sequenced. By RNA sequencing we identified dysregulated expression levels of drug resistance- and apoptosis-related genes. Two fusion transcripts were identified in one patient (OS111); the first resulted in p53 inactivation by fusing the first exon of TP53 to the fifth exon of FAM45A. The second fusion joined the two first exons of FGFR1 to the second exon of ZNF343. Furthermore, FGFR1 was amplified and highly expressed, representing a potential treatment target in this patient. Whole exome sequencing revealed large intertumor heterogeneity, with surprisingly few shared mutations. Careful evaluation and validation of the data sets revealed a number of artefacts, but one recurrent mutation was validated, a nonsense mutation in CHM (patient OS106), which also was the mutation with the highest expression frequency (53%). The second patient (OS111) had wild-type CHM, but a downregulated expression level. In a panel of 71 clinical samples, we confirmed significant low expression of CHM compared to the controls (p = 0.003). Furthermore, by analyzing public datasets, we identified a significant association between low expression and poor survival in two other cancer types. Together, these results suggest CHM as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tale Barøy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chandra S. R. Chilamakuri
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jinchang Sun
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0310 Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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15
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Jia Y, Yuan H, Shan S, Xu G, Yu J, Zhao C, Mou X. Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4187-4194. [PMID: 27895790 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CRA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from medicinal herbs, has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties in several cancers. However, the anticancer activity of CRA in osteosarcoma cells is still unclear. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of CRA in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells was investigated, and the results revealed that CRA significantly inhibited the viability of MG-63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A typical apoptotic hallmark such as DNA ladder was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis following treatment with CRA. Further experiments demonstrated that CRA induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and annexin V staining. In addition, it was observed that the apoptosis of MG-63 cells induced by CRA was closely associated with activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, suggesting that CRA may trigger the activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. In addition, the inhibition of caspase activity attenuated the CRA-induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells, which further confirmed the role of the mitochondrial pathway in CRA-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that CRA could induce the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway, which provides an evidence that CRA may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- Orthopedic Center of Chinese PLA, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Orthopedic Center of Chinese PLA, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Information, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Mou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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16
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Laschi M, Bernardini G, Geminiani M, Ghezzi L, Amato L, Braconi D, Millucci L, Frediani B, Spreafico A, Franchi A, Campanacci D, Capanna R, Santucci A. Establishment of Four New Human Primary Cell Cultures from Chemo-Naïve Italian Osteosarcoma Patients. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2718-27. [PMID: 25809010 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary highly malignant tumor of bone, affecting predominately adolescents and young adults between 10 and 20 years of age. OS is characterized by an extremely aggressive clinical course, with a rapid development of metastasis to the lung and distant bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Laschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ghezzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Loredana Amato
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Braconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lia Millucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Spreafico
- Immunoematologia Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- Dipartimento di Ortopedia, Oncologica e Chirurgia Ricostruttiva, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Capanna
- Dipartimento di Ortopedia, Oncologica e Chirurgia Ricostruttiva, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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17
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Martins-Neves SR, Corver WE, Paiva-Oliveira DI, van den Akker BEWM, Briaire-de-Bruijn IH, Bovée JVMG, Gomes CMF, Cleton-Jansen AM. Osteosarcoma Stem Cells Have Active Wnt/β-catenin and Overexpress SOX2 and KLF4. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:876-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Martins-Neves
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- CNC.IBILI; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment; Genetics and Oncobiology; CIMAGO - Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, Coimbra; Celas Portugal
| | - Willem E. Corver
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Daniela I. Paiva-Oliveira
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- CNC.IBILI; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Célia M. F. Gomes
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- CNC.IBILI; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment; Genetics and Oncobiology; CIMAGO - Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, Coimbra; Celas Portugal
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18
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Yi XJ, Zhao YH, Qiao LX, Jin CL, Tian J, Li QS. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling and elevated expression of stem cell proteins are associated with osteosarcoma side population cells of high tumorigenicity. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5042-8. [PMID: 26134785 PMCID: PMC4581745 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the cancer stem cell theory, the presence of a small sub-population of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), have a significant implication on cancer treatment and are responsible for tumor recurrence. Previous studies have reported that alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are crucial in the maintenance of CSCs. In the present study, the characteristic features and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CSCs from osteosarcoma, an aggressive human bone tumor, were investigated. In total, ~2.1% of the cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells were identified in the osteosarcoma samples. The results of subsequent western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the protein levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 were markedly upregulated in the fluorescence-activated cell sorted osteosarcoma SP cells. In addition, the elevated expression levels of stem cell proteins, including CD133, nestin Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog were significantly higher in the SP cells, which contributed to self-renewal and enhanced the proliferation rate of the SP cells. Furthermore, the SP cells were found to be highly invasive and able to form tumors in vivo. Taken together, these data suggested that the identification of novel anticancer drugs, which suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream pathway may assist in eradicating osteosarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Yi
- Department of Traumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- Department of Traumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xiang Qiao
- Department of Traumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Jin
- Department of Traumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- Operating Room, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Shi Li
- Department of Traumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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19
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Baker EK, Taylor S, Gupte A, Chalk AM, Bhattacharya S, Green AC, Martin TJ, Strbenac D, Robinson MD, Purton LE, Walkley CR. Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is a marker of osteoblastic differentiation stage and is not silenced by DNA methylation in osteosarcoma. Bone 2015; 73:223-32. [PMID: 25571841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wnt pathway targeting is of high clinical interest for treating bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis. These therapies inhibit the action of negative regulators of osteoblastic Wnt signaling. The report that Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) was epigenetically silenced via promoter DNA methylation in osteosarcoma (OS) raised potential concerns for such treatment approaches. Here we confirm that Wif1 expression is frequently reduced in OS. However, we demonstrate that silencing is not driven by DNA methylation. Treatment of mouse and human OS cells showed that Wif1 expression was robustly induced by HDAC inhibition but not by methylation inhibition. Consistent with HDAC dependent silencing, the Wif1 locus in OS was characterized by low acetylation levels and a bivalent H3K4/H3K27-trimethylation state. Wif1 expression marked late stages of normal osteoblast maturation and stratified OS tumors based on differentiation stage across species. Culture of OS cells under differentiation inductive conditions increased expression of Wif1. Together these results demonstrate that Wif1 is not targeted for silencing by DNA methylation in OS. Instead, the reduced expression of Wif1 in OS cells is in context with their stage in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Baker
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.
| | - Scott Taylor
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ankita Gupte
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alistair M Chalk
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Shreya Bhattacharya
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alanna C Green
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; Bone Cell Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Cancer Epigenetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louise E Purton
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.
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20
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Wouters M, Dijkgraaf EM, Kuijjer ML, Jordanova ES, Hollema H, Welters M, van der Hoeven J, Daemen T, Kroep JR, Nijman HW, van der Burg SH. Interleukin-6 receptor and its ligand interleukin-6 are opposite markers for survival and infiltration with mature myeloid cells in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 3:e962397. [PMID: 25964862 PMCID: PMC4353164 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.962397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is correlated with a worse prognosis. IL-6 stimulates tumor-growth and inflammation. We investigated the intricate interaction between the IL-6 signaling pathway and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) to determine their prognostic impact in EOC. 160 EOC samples were analyzed for the expression of IL-6, its receptor (IL-6R) and downstream signaling via pSTAT3 by immunohistochemistry. Triple color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to identify myeloid cell populations by CD14, CD33, and CD163. The relationship between these markers, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, clinical-pathological characteristics and survival was investigated. EOC displayed a dense infiltration with myeloid cells, in particular of the CD163+ type. The distribution pattern of all myeloid subtypes was comparable among the different histological subtypes. Analysis of the tumor cells revealed a high expression of IL-6R in 15% and of IL-6 in 23% of patients. Interestingly, tumors expressing IL-6 or IL-6R formed two different groups. Tumors with a high expression of IL-6R displayed low mature myeloid cell infiltration and a longer disease-specific survival (DSS), especially in late stage tumors. High expression of IL-6R was an independent prognostic factor for survival by multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.474, p = 0.011). In contrast, tumors with high epithelial IL-6 expression displayed a dense infiltration of mature myeloid cells and were correlated with a shorter DSS. Furthermore, in densely CD8+ T-cell infiltrated tumors, the ratio between these lymphoid cells and CD163+ myeloid cells was predictive for survival. Thus, IL-6 and IL-6R are opposite markers for myeloid cell infiltration and survival.
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Key Words
- DSS, disease-specific survival
- EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer
- FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
- IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-6R, interleukin-6 receptor
- IL-6R, interleukin-6, IL-6, interleukin-6 receptor
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- T reg, regulatory T cell
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM, tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell
- TMA, tissue microarray
- epithelial ovarian cancer
- pSTAT3
- pSTAT3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
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Affiliation(s)
- McA Wouters
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein ; Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Medical Microbiology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Dijkgraaf
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M L Kuijjer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ; Boston, MA USA ; Department of Biostatistics; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston, MA USA
| | - E S Jordanova
- Center for Gynaecological Oncology Amsterdam ; VUMC, De Boelelaan , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Hollema
- Department of Pathology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mjp Welters
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jjm van der Hoeven
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J R Kroep
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H W Nijman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S H van der Burg
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Knockdown of PTHR1 in osteosarcoma cells decreases invasion and growth and increases tumor differentiation in vivo. Oncogene 2014; 34:2922-33. [PMID: 25043296 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium homeostasis and bone development, while the paracrine/autocrine PTH-related protein (PTHrP) has central roles in endochondral bone formation and bone remodeling. Using a murine OS model, we found that OS cells express PTHrP and the common PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTHR1). To investigate the role of PTHR1 signaling in OS cell behavior, we used shRNA to reduce PTHR1 expression. This only mildly inhibited proliferation in vitro, but markedly reduced invasion through collagen and reduced expression of RANK ligand (RANKL). Administration of PTH(1-34) did not stimulate OS proliferation in vivo but, strikingly, PTHR1 knockdown resulted in a profound growth inhibition and increased differentiation/mineralization of the tumors. Treatment with neutralizing antibody to PTHrP did not recapitulate the knockdown of PTHR1. Consistent with this lack of activity, PTHrP was predominantly intracellular in OS cells. Knockdown of PTHR1 resulted in increased expression of late osteoblast differentiation genes and upregulation of Wnt antagonists. RANKL production was reduced in knockdown tumors, providing for reduced homotypic signaling through the receptor, RANK. Loss of PTHR1 resulted in the coordinated loss of gene signatures associated with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Using Ezh2 inhibitors, we demonstrate that the increased expression of osteoblast maturation markers is in part mediated by the loss of PRC2 activity. Collectively these results demonstrate that PTHR1 signaling is important in maintaining OS proliferation and undifferentiated state. This is in part mediated by intracellular PTHrP and through regulation of the OS epigenome.
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Guijarro MV, Ghivizzani SC, Gibbs CP. Animal models in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:189. [PMID: 25101245 PMCID: PMC4102850 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common non-hematologic primary tumor of bone in children and adults. High-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgical resection have improved prognosis, with long-term survival for non-metastatic disease approaching 70%. However, most OS tumors are high grade and tend to rapidly develop pulmonary metastases. Despite clinical advances, patients with metastatic disease or relapse have a poor prognosis. Toward a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of human OS, several genetically modified OS mouse models have been developed and will be reviewed here. However, better animal models that more accurately recapitulate the natural progression of the disease are needed for the development of improved prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as targeted therapies for both primary and metastatic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Guijarro
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Steven C Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - C Parker Gibbs
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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23
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Lauvrak SU, Munthe E, Kresse SH, Stratford EW, Namløs HM, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O. Functional characterisation of osteosarcoma cell lines and identification of mRNAs and miRNAs associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2228-36. [PMID: 24064976 PMCID: PMC3798956 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour, predominantly affecting children and adolescents. Cancer cell line models are required to understand the underlying mechanisms of tumour progression and for preclinical investigations. Methods: To identify cell lines that are well suited for studies of critical cancer-related phenotypes, such as tumour initiation, growth and metastasis, we have evaluated 22 osteosarcoma cell lines for in vivo tumorigenicity, in vitro colony-forming ability, invasive/migratory potential and proliferation capacity. Importantly, we have also identified mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) gene expression patterns associated with these phenotypes by expression profiling. Results: The cell lines exhibited a wide range of cancer-related phenotypes, from rather indolent to very aggressive. Several mRNAs were differentially expressed in highly aggressive osteosarcoma cell lines compared with non-aggressive cell lines, including RUNX2, several S100 genes, collagen genes and genes encoding proteins involved in growth factor binding, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodelling. Most notably, four genes—COL1A2, KYNU, ACTG2 and NPPB—were differentially expressed in high and non-aggressive cell lines for all the cancer-related phenotypes investigated, suggesting that they might have important roles in the process of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. At the miRNA level, miR-199b-5p and mir-100-3p were downregulated in the highly aggressive cell lines, whereas miR-155-5p, miR-135b-5p and miR-146a-5p were upregulated. miR-135b-5p and miR-146a-5p were further predicted to be linked to the metastatic capacity of the disease. Interpretation: The detailed characterisation of cell line phenotypes will support the selection of models to use for specific preclinical investigations. The differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs identified in this study may represent good candidates for future therapeutic targets. To our knowledge, this is the first time that expression profiles are associated with functional characteristics of osteosarcoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Lauvrak
- 1] Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway [2] Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
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Sampson VB, Kamara DF, Kolb EA. Xenograft and genetically engineered mouse model systems of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma: tumor models for cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1181-9. [PMID: 23844615 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.817988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are > 75 histological types of solid tumors that are classified into two major groups: bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. These diseases are more prevalent in children, and pediatric sarcomas tend to be highly aggressive and rapidly progressive. Sarcomas in adults may follow a more indolent course, but aggressive tumors are also common. Sarcomas that are metastatic at diagnosis, or recurrent following therapy, remain refractory to current treatment options with dismal overall survival rates. A major focus of clinical trials, for patients with sarcoma, is to identify novel and more effective therapeutic strategies targeted to genomic or proteomic aberrations specific to the malignant cells. Critical to the understanding of the potential for targeted therapies are models of disease that are representative of clinical disease and predictive of relevant clinical responses. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors discuss the use of mouse xenograft models and genetically engineered mice in cancer drug discovery. The authors provide a special focus on models for the two most common bone sarcomas: osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES). EXPERT OPINION Predicting whether a new anticancer agent will have a positive therapeutic index in patients with OS and ES remains a challenge. The use of mouse sarcoma models for understanding the mechanisms involved in the response of tumors to new treatments is an important step in the process of drug discovery and the development of clinically relevant therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B Sampson
- A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory , 1701 Rockland Rd, Wilmington DE, 19803 , USA
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25
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de Vos van Steenwijk PJ, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Goedemans R, Doorduijn EM, van Ham JJ, Gorter A, van Hall T, Kuijjer ML, van Poelgeest MIE, van der Burg SH, Jordanova ES. Tumor-infiltrating CD14-positive myeloid cells and CD8-positive T-cells prolong survival in patients with cervical carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2884-94. [PMID: 23740735 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the influx of myeloid cells. In our study, we investigated the constitution of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and their relationship to other tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor characteristics and the disease-specific survival of patients with cervical cancer (CxCa). Triple-color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to locate, identify and quantify macrophages (CD14), their maturation status (CD33) and their polarization (CD163) in a cohort of 86 patients with cervical carcinoma. Quantification of the numbers of myeloid cells revealed that a strong intraepithelial infiltration of CD14+ cells, and more specifically the population of CD14+CD33-CD163- matured M1 macrophages, is associated with a large influx of intraepithelial T lymphocytes (p = 0.008), improved disease-specific survival (p = 0.007) and forms an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.033). The intraepithelial CD8+ T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) ratio also forms an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.010) and combination of these two factors reveals a further increased benefit in survival for patients whose tumor displays a dense infiltration with intraepithelial matured M1 macrophages and a high CD8 T-cell/Treg ratio, indicating that both populations of immune cells simultaneously improve survival. Subsequently, we made a heatmap including all known immune parameters for these patients, whereby we were able to identify different immune signatures in CxCa. These results indicate that reinforcement and activation of the intratumoral M1 macrophages may form an attractive immunotherapeutic option in CxCa.
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Kresse SH, Rydbeck H, Skårn M, Namløs HM, Barragan-Polania AH, Cleton-Jansen AM, Serra M, Liestøl K, Hogendoorn PCW, Hovig E, Myklebost O, Meza-Zepeda LA. Integrative analysis reveals relationships of genetic and epigenetic alterations in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48262. [PMID: 23144859 PMCID: PMC3492335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcomas are the most common non-haematological primary malignant tumours of bone, and all conventional osteosarcomas are high-grade tumours showing complex genomic aberrations. We have integrated genome-wide genetic and epigenetic profiles from the EuroBoNeT panel of 19 human osteosarcoma cell lines based on microarray technologies. Principal Findings The cell lines showed complex patterns of DNA copy number changes, where genomic copy number gains were significantly associated with gene-rich regions and losses with gene-poor regions. By integrating the datasets, 350 genes were identified as having two types of aberrations (gain/over-expression, hypo-methylation/over-expression, loss/under-expression or hyper-methylation/under-expression) using a recurrence threshold of 6/19 (>30%) cell lines. The genes showed in general alterations in either DNA copy number or DNA methylation, both within individual samples and across the sample panel. These 350 genes are involved in embryonic skeletal system development and morphogenesis, as well as remodelling of extracellular matrix. The aberrations of three selected genes, CXCL5, DLX5 and RUNX2, were validated in five cell lines and five tumour samples using PCR techniques. Several genes were hyper-methylated and under-expressed compared to normal osteoblasts, and expression could be reactivated by demethylation using 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment for four genes tested; AKAP12, CXCL5, EFEMP1 and IL11RA. Globally, there was as expected a significant positive association between gain and over-expression, loss and under-expression as well as hyper-methylation and under-expression, but gain was also associated with hyper-methylation and under-expression, suggesting that hyper-methylation may oppose the effects of increased copy number for detrimental genes. Conclusions Integrative analysis of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations identified dependencies and relationships between DNA copy number, DNA methylation and mRNA expression in osteosarcomas, contributing to better understanding of osteosarcoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine H. Kresse
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halfdan Rydbeck
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Skårn
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi M. Namløs
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana H. Barragan-Polania
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Knut Liestøl
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Namløs HM, Meza-Zepeda LA, Barøy T, Østensen IHG, Kresse SH, Kuijjer ML, Serra M, Bürger H, Cleton-Jansen AM, Myklebost O. Modulation of the osteosarcoma expression phenotype by microRNAs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48086. [PMID: 23133552 PMCID: PMC3485010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of bone and show multiple and complex genomic aberrations. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs capable of regulating gene expression at the post transcriptional level, and miRNAs and their target genes may represent novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers for osteosarcoma. In order to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in osteosarcoma development, global microarray analyses of a panel of 19 human osteosarcoma cell lines was performed. Principal findings We identified 177 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in osteosarcoma cell lines relative to normal bone. Among these, miR-126/miR-126*, miR-142-3p, miR-150, miR-223, miR-486-5p and members of the miR-1/miR-133a, miR-144/miR-451, miR-195/miR-497 and miR-206/miR-133b clusters were found to be downregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines. All miRNAs in the paralogous clusters miR-17-92, miR-106b-25 and miR-106a-92 were overexpressed. Furthermore, the upregulated miRNAs included miR-9/miR-9*, miR-21*, miR-31/miR-31*, miR-196a/miR-196b, miR-374a and members of the miR-29 and miR-130/301 families. The most interesting inversely correlated miRNA/mRNA pairs in osteosarcoma cell lines included miR-9/TGFBR2 and miR-29/p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K. PTEN mRNA correlated inversely with miR-92a and members of the miR-17 and miR-130/301 families. Expression profiles of selected miRNAs were confirmed in clinical samples. A set of miRNAs, miR-1, miR-18a, miR-18b, miR-19b, miR-31, miR-126, miR-142-3p, miR-133b, miR-144, miR-195, miR-223, miR-451 and miR-497 was identified with an intermediate expression level in osteosarcoma clinical samples compared to osteoblasts and bone, which may reflect the differentiation level of osteosarcoma relative to the undifferentiated osteoblast and fully differentiated normal bone. Significance: This study provides an integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma, and gives new insight into the complex genetic mechanisms of osteosarcoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Namløs
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tale Barøy
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid H. G. Østensen
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine H. Kresse
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marieke L. Kuijjer
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Serra
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Horst Bürger
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ola Myklebost
- The EuroBoNet Network of Excellence on Bone Tumours
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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28
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Kuijjer ML, Rydbeck H, Kresse SH, Buddingh EP, Lid AB, Roelofs H, Bürger H, Myklebost O, Hogendoorn PCW, Meza-Zepeda LA, Cleton-Jansen AM. Identification of osteosarcoma driver genes by integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:696-706. [PMID: 22454324 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade osteosarcoma is a tumor with a complex genomic profile, occurring primarily in adolescents with a second peak at middle age. The extensive genomic alterations obscure the identification of genes driving tumorigenesis during osteosarcoma development. To identify such driver genes, we integrated DNA copy number profiles (Affymetrix SNP 6.0) of 32 diagnostic biopsies with 84 expression profiles (Illumina Human-6 v2.0) of high-grade osteosarcoma as compared with its putative progenitor cells, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells (n = 12) or osteoblasts (n = 3). In addition, we performed paired analyses between copy number and expression profiles of a subset of 29 patients for which both DNA and mRNA profiles were available. Integrative analyses were performed in Nexus Copy Number software and statistical language R. Paired analyses were performed on all probes detecting significantly differentially expressed genes in corresponding LIMMA analyses. For both nonpaired and paired analyses, copy number aberration frequency was set to >35%. Nonpaired and paired integrative analyses resulted in 45 and 101 genes, respectively, which were present in both analyses using different control sets. Paired analyses detected >90% of all genes found with the corresponding nonpaired analyses. Remarkably, approximately twice as many genes as found in the corresponding nonpaired analyses were detected. Affected genes were intersected with differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma cell lines, resulting in 31 new osteosarcoma driver genes. Cell division related genes, such as MCM4 and LATS2, were overrepresented and genomic instability was predictive for metastasis-free survival, suggesting that deregulation of the cell cycle is a driver of osteosarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L Kuijjer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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