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Li S, Xu S, Li L, Xue Z, He L. Efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI combined with WBRT vs. WBRT alone in the treatment of brain metastases from NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1362061. [PMID: 38737351 PMCID: PMC11085739 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1362061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of combining epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for treating brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients remains to be determined. Methods A systematic search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), aiming to identify relevant clinical studies on the treatment of brain metastases originating from non-small cell lung cancer through the combination of EGFR-TKI and WBRT. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Stata 17.0 software, covering clinical studies published until March 1, 2023. Results This analysis incorporated 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving a total of 2,025 patients. Of these, 1,011 were allocated to the group receiving both EGFR-TKI and WBRT, while 1,014 were assigned to the WBRT alone group. The findings reveal that the combination of EGFR-TKI and WBRT significantly improves the intracranial objective remission rate (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.42-1.74, p < 0.001), increases the intracranial disease control rate (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.37, p < 0.001), and enhances the 1-year survival rate (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.26-1.73, p < 0.001). Additionally, this combined treatment was associated with a significant survival advantage (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.26-1.73, p < 0.001) and a reduced incidence of adverse effects (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51-0.83, p < 0.001), particularly with respect to nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37-0.81, p = 0.002) and myelosuppression (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40-0.87, p = 0.008). However, no statistically significant differences were observed for diarrhea (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.82-1.62, p = 0.418), and skin rash (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.88-2.07, p = 0.164). Conclusion In contrast to WBRT alone, the combination of EGFR-TKI and WBRT significantly improves intracranial response, enhancing the objective response rate, disease control rate, and 1-year survival rate in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Moreover, aside from mild cases of rash and diarrhea, there is no statistically significant increase in the incidence of additional adverse effects. Based on the comprehensive evidence collected, the use of third-generation EGFR-TKI combined with WBRT is recommended as the preferred treatment for NSCLC patients with brain metastases, offering superior management of metastatic brain lesions. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#, CRD42023415566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shumei Xu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luwei Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihong Xue
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang He
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li H, Shi X, Chen G, Wang D. Osimertinib-induced severe bilateral pneumothorax: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36994. [PMID: 38241563 PMCID: PMC10798711 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Osimertinib is the third-generation, pyrimidine-based, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that received approval from the FDA in November 2015 and has become the standard approach in patients with advanced, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially with brain metastases. Osimertinib is beneficial in terms of progression-free and overall survival in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, the rarity of bilateral pneumothorax among adverse events necessitates further research on its potential fatality rate. PATIENT CONCERNS A 72-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV (T2NxM1) NSCLC with the 21L858R mutation of the EGFR gene received osimertinib treatment. Unfortunately, 10 weeks after osimertinib treatment, the patient developed severe interstitial lung disease and pneumothorax. Thus, osimertinib treatment was discontinued, and prednisolone (160 mg/day) and supportive treatment were administered. DIAGNOSES Osimertinib-induced severe interstitial lung disease and pneumothorax. INTERVENTIONS Osimertinib treatment was discontinued, and prednisolone (160 mg/day) and supportive treatment were administered. OUTCOMES The bilateral pneumothorax was difficult to correct and the patient eventually died. LESSONS Osimertinib-induced pneumothorax occurred approximately 10 weeks after receiving the drug and had severe cough and chest tightness as initial symptoms. In addition, the incidence of drug-induced pneumothorax increases in patients treated with osimertinib when combined with underlying respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Sisodia Y, Shah K, Ali Sayyed A, Jain M, Ali SA, Gondaliya P, Kalia K, Tekade RK. Lung-on-chip microdevices to foster pulmonary drug discovery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:777-790. [PMID: 36537540 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for unprecedented mortality owing to a lack of personalized or insufficient therapeutic interventions. Fostering pulmonary research into managing pulmonary threat requires a potential alternative approach that can mimick the in vivo complexities of the human body. The in vitro miniaturized bionic simulation of the lung holds great potential in the quest for a successful therapeutic intervention. This review discusses the emerging roles of lung-on-chip microfluidic simulator devices in fostering translational pulmonary drug discovery and personalized medicine. This review also explicates how the lung-on-chip model emulates the breathing patterns, elasticity, and vascularization of lungs in creating a 3D pulmonary microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Sisodia
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Komal Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Meenakshi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Syed Ansar Ali
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Karakurt E, Coşkun N, Beytut E, Keleş ÖF, Dağ S, Yılmaz V, Nuhoğlu H, Yıldız A, Kurtbaş E. Evaluation of the relationship between inflammatory reaction and interleukins in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:1-6. [PMID: 36816864 PMCID: PMC9906612 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.542311.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the association between inflammatory reaction of tumoral microenvironments with interleukin responses in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas (OPAs). Material of the study consisted of 26 sheep lung tissue samples being brought to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis. Cases were collected between years 2009 - 2021; pre-diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, anamnesis and gross lesion of the lungs. These tissues were designated in two groups as control (n = 6) and OPA (n = 20) groups. Choice of immunohistochemical staining was avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus from paraffin-embedded tissues. On gross examination of OPAs, lesions seen were mostly in the caudal lobes of the lung, 1.00 - 2.00 cm in diameter as gray-white consolidated foci and in microscopic observation, tumor cells showed acinar, papillary or mixed growths. No expressions of interleukin (2 and 8) were observed in the control group. All OPAs cases were positive for interleukins (2 and 8) expressions. A total of eight tissue samples were detected as positives through RT-PCR. In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that interleukin-2 and interleukin-8 were produced from tumor microenvironment elements, especially tumor-associated macrophages, and these interleukins showed pro-inflammatory effects. Interleukins and the inflammatory reaction may promote the development of OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Karakurt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;,Correspondence Emin Karakurt. DVM, PhD, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye. E-mail:
| | - Nüvit Coşkun
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Enver Beytut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Ömer Faruk Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye;
| | - Serpil Dağ
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Volkan Yılmaz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Hilmi Nuhoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Ayfer Yıldız
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye;
| | - Emre Kurtbaş
- Health SciencesInstitute, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
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Chemokines and NSCLC: Emerging role in prognosis, heterogeneity, and therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:233-246. [PMID: 35787939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer persists to contribute to one-quarter of cancer-associated deaths. Among the different histologies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alone accounts for 85% of the cases. The development of therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors has increased patients' survival probability and reduced mortality rates. Developing targeted therapies against essential genetic alterations also translates to better treatment strategies. But the benefits still seem farfetched due to the development of drug resistance and refractory tumors. In this review, we have highlighted the interplay of different tumor microenvironment components, essentially discussing the chemokine families (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) that regulate the tumor biology in NSCLC and promote tumor growth, metastasis, and associated heterogeneity. The development of therapeutics and prognostic markers is a complex and multipronged approach. However, some essential chemokines can act as critical players for being considered potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Zhang X, Ye T, Li M, Yan H, Lin H, Lu H, Qi Z, Sheng H, He C. Association of Polymorphisms in Inflammation Genes With the Prognosis of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836117. [PMID: 35372081 PMCID: PMC8971721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammation is not only involved in the development and progression of cancer but also affects the response to therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in inflammation genes with the prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).MethodsForty-seven SNPs were genotyped in 318 advanced NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKIs. Of 318 patients, 182 (57.2%) patients died during follow-up period. We assessed the association of SNPs with the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as well as calculated the weighted genetic risk score (GRS). We also explored the expression levels and prognostic values of inflammation genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and using UCSC Xena, respectively. The relationship between the expression levels of IL15, IL17RA, AGER, MIF, and TNFRSF1A and EGFR mutation status was analyzed using UCSC Xena.ResultsIn single variant analyses, 3 SNPs (rs10519613, rs4819554, and rs4149570) were significantly associated with worse PFS. Five SNPs (rs10519613, rs4819554, rs2070600, rs755622, and rs4149570) were significantly with worse OS. In addition, high and intermediate GRSs (based on rs10519613, rs4819554, and rs4149570) were associated with worse PFS than those with low GRS. For OS, patients with high GRSs (based on rs10519613, rs4819554, rs2070600, rs755622, and rs4149570) had shorter survival time than those with low GRS. Furthermore, IL15, IL17RA, AGER, MIF, and TNFRSF1A were dysregulated in LUAD. There was difference in the expression level of TNFRSF1A between EGFR wildtype and EGFR-mutant LUAD. Both low AGER expression and high TNFRSF1A expression were significantly associated with worse PFS in LUAD. In addition, low IL17RA and AGER expression, high MIF and TNFRSF1A expression were significantly associated with worse OS in LUAD.ConclusionSNPs in inflammation genes could serve as prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Tengfei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Mingdong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Hongwang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zecheng Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Haihui Sheng
- Outdo Clinic, Shanghai Engineering Center for Molecular Medicine, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haihui Sheng, ; Chunya He,
| | - Chunya He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haihui Sheng, ; Chunya He,
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Sass D, Saligan L, Fitzgerald W, Berger AM, Torres I, Barb JJ, Kupzyk K, Margolis L. Extracellular vesicle associated and soluble immune marker profiles of psychoneurological symptom clusters in men with prostate cancer: an exploratory study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:440. [PMID: 34429399 PMCID: PMC8385103 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychoneurological symptom clusters are co-occurring and interrelated physiological symptoms that may include cancer-related fatigue, pain, depressive symptoms, cognitive disturbances, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are hypothesized to share a common systemic proinflammatory etiology. Thus, an investigation of systemic immune biomarkers is an important approach to test this hypothesis. Here, we investigated the associations between extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated and soluble cytokines with immune markers and symptom clusters in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer. This observational study included 40 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer at the start (T1) of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 3 months post treatment (T2), as well as 20 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS) seen at one time point. Collected questionnaires assessed patient-reported fatigue, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and cognitive fatigue. In total, 45 soluble and EV-associated biomarkers in plasma were determined by multiplex assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify psychoneurological symptom clusters for each study group and their time points. Bivariate correlation analysis was run for each identified PCA cluster with the concentrations of EV-associated and soluble cytokines and immune markers. Both EV-associated and soluble forms of RANTES significantly correlated with the symptom cluster for EBRT at T1, whereas, at T2, soluble IFNα2, IL-9, and IL-17 correlated with the corresponding symptom cluster. For the AS group, soluble survivin correlated with psychoneurological symptoms. Linking specific inflammatory cytokines with psychoneurological symptom clusters in men receiving prostate cancer treatment can enhance understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon and aid in developing targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilorom Sass
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68105, NE, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann M Berger
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68105, NE, USA
| | - Isaias Torres
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer J Barb
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kupzyk
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68105, NE, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Molecular and Clinical Features of EGFR-TKI-Associated Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020792. [PMID: 33466795 PMCID: PMC7829873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and anticancer resistance. Non-small-cell lung cancer patients who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and obtained survival benefits had somatic EGFR mutations. EGFR-TKI-related adverse events (AEs) are usually tolerable and manageable, although serious AEs, including lung injury (specifically, interstitial lung disease (ILD), causing 58% of EGFR-TKI treatment-related deaths), occur infrequently. The etiopathogenesis of EGFR-TKI-induced ILD remains unknown. Risk factors, such as tobacco exposure, pre-existing lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and poor performance status, indicate that lung inflammatory circumstances may worsen with EGFR-TKI treatment because of impaired epithelial healing of lung injuries. There is limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-induced ILD in the available literature. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between EGFR-TKIs and AEs, especially ILD. Recent reports on mechanisms inducing lung injury or resistance in cytokine-rich circumstances were reviewed. We discussed the relevance of cytotoxic agents or immunotherapeutic agents in combination with EGFR-TKIs as a potential mechanism of EGFR-TKI-related lung injury and reviewed recent developments in diagnostics and therapeutics that facilitate recovery from lung injury or overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatment.
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Ji S, Chen H, Yang K, Zhang G, Mao B, Hu Y, Zhang H, Xu J. Peripheral cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110457. [PMID: 32887027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, only a small subset of cancer patients can benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, indicating that further predictive biomarkers are needed. In the retrospective study, plasma samples were collected before anti-PD-L1/PD-L1 treatment in two subsets of patients. A total of 59 immunological factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and soluble immune checkpoints, were measured by using a multiplex immunoassay kit. Moreover, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was performed in a subgroup of patients. In the discovery cohort, multiplex immunoassay profiling data revealed that both soluble PD-L1 and C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5/RANTES) showed rising trends across the three subgroups PD, SD and CR/PR. Further investigation demonstrated the predictive and prognostic value of the pre-treatment levels of PD-L1, CCL5/RANTES, and their combinatorial signature the "2-cytokine signature". As expected, the signature-high patients displayed a remarkably increased disease control rate (DCR) and prolonged survival versus that of the lower subgroup. More importantly, the relevance between the three signatures and the efficiency of immunotherapy was confirmed in the pan-cancer validation cohort. Notably, the significant association between the "2-cytokine signature" and longer survival was validated. Further quantitative analyses of the tumor microenvironment composition suggested a link between the "2-cytokine signature" and NK cell infiltration. In conclusion, a combined peripheral signature comprising CCL5/RANTES and soluble PD-L1 appears to be an effective biomarker to predict benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Our study underscores that peripheral immunological features may play an essential role in guiding patient selection and are worthy of future prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujian Ji
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guanxiong Zhang
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Mao
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Diksha D, Gupta P, Malik PS, Mohan A. A pilot study to assess oxidative and inflammatory markers as early indicator for response to chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:179-184. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology AIIMS New Delhi India
| | | | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders AIIMS New Delhi India
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Molla A, Coll JL. [Organs-on-chips dedicated to oncology]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:419-422. [PMID: 31115320 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Molla
- Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences (IAB), équipe « thérapie ciblée, diagnostic précoce et imagerie du cancer », Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, allée des Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institut pour l'avancée des biosciences (IAB), équipe « thérapie ciblée, diagnostic précoce et imagerie du cancer », Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, allée des Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France
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Hassell BA, Goyal G, Lee E, Sontheimer-Phelps A, Levy O, Chen CS, Ingber DE. Human Organ Chip Models Recapitulate Orthotopic Lung Cancer Growth, Therapeutic Responses, and Tumor Dormancy In Vitro. Cell Rep 2018; 21:508-516. [PMID: 29020635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) cell culture technology can be used to create in vitro human orthotopic models of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that recapitulate organ microenvironment-specific cancer growth, tumor dormancy, and responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy observed in human patients in vivo. Use of the mechanical actuation functionalities of this technology revealed a previously unknown sensitivity of lung cancer cell growth, invasion, and TKI therapeutic responses to physical cues associated with breathing motions, which appear to be mediated by changes in signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MET protein kinase. These findings might help to explain the high level of resistance to therapy in cancer patients with minimal residual disease in regions of the lung that remain functionally aerated and mobile, in addition to providing an experimental model to study cancer persister cells and mechanisms of tumor dormancy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Hassell
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexandra Sontheimer-Phelps
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oren Levy
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li K, Yang M, Liang N, Li S. Determining EGFR-TKI sensitivity of G719X and other uncommon EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: Perplexity and solution (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1347-1358. [PMID: 28184913 PMCID: PMC5364853 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and they are highly associated with sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). While the pathogenic and pharmacological characteristics of common mutations in EGFR have been thoroughly investigated, those of uncommon mutations remain to be elucidated. Traditional approaches to study common mutations by randomized controlled trials are not feasible for uncommon mutations owing to their rarity. Therefore, by systematically reviewing laboratory and clinical studies of the G719X mutation, one of the uncommon mutations, we concluded that the G719X mutation was intermediately sensitive to TKIs, with an average response rate of 35.1% (47/134). Moreover, accordingly, we proposed a comprehensive model to investigate uncommon mutations in EGFR. The model involves both basic and clinical components, composed of structural analyses, functional alterations, cell viabilities and animal models with various types of clinical studies. In this review, we systematically reviewed studies of the G719X mutation and put forward a research model that could be generalized to explore uncommon mutations in diseases associated with gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
The human body combats infection and promotes wound healing through the remarkable process of inflammation. Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of stromal cell activity including recruitment of immune cells and induction of angiogenesis. These cellular processes are regulated by a class of soluble molecules called cytokines. Based on function, cell target, and structure, cytokines are subdivided into several classes including: interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines. While cytokines regulate normal physiological processes, chronic deregulation of cytokine expression and activity contributes to cancer in many ways. Gene polymorphisms of all types of cytokines are associated with risk of disease development. Deregulation RNA and protein expression of interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines have been detected in many solid tumors and hematopoetic malignancies, correlating with poor patient prognosis. The current body of literature suggests that in some tumor types, interleukins and chemokines work against the human body by signaling to cancer cells and remodeling the local microenvironment to support the growth, survival, and invasion of primary tumors and enhance metastatic colonization. Some lymphokines are downregulated to suppress tumor progression by enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity and inhibiting tumor cell survival. In this review, we will describe the structure/function of several cytokine families and review our current understanding on the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor progression. In addition, we will also discuss strategies for exploiting the expression and activity of cytokines in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yao
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - G Brummer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - D Acevedo
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - N Cheng
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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15
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Zhou N, Lu F, Liu C, Xu K, Huang J, Yu D, Bi L. IL-8 induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells through the activation of AKT signaling. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1915-1920. [PMID: 27588140 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process has increasingly been examined due to its role in the progression of human tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common urological tumors that results in patient mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the EMT process is closely associated with the metastasis of RCC; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been determined yet. The present study revealed that interleukin (IL)-8 was highly expressed in metastatic RCC. IL-8 could induce the EMT of an RCC cell line by enhancing N-cadherin expression and decreasing E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, IL-8 could induce AKT phosphorylation, and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 could inhibit the EMT of RCC cells that was induced by IL-8. Therefore, these results suggest that IL-8 is able to promote the EMT of RCC through the activation of the AKT signal transduction pathway, and this may provide a possible molecular mechanism for RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China; Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Fuding Lu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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16
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Jiang T, Zhou C, Ren S. Role of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1163462. [PMID: 27471638 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1163462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the key cytokines with pleiotropic effects on immune system. It has been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. Recent progress has been made in our understanding of IL-2 in regulating lymphocytes that has led to exciting new directions for cancer immunotherapy. While improved IL-2 formulations might be used as monotherapies, their combination with other anticancer immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell transfer regimens, antigen-specific vaccination, and blockade of immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, for example cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) mono-antibodies, would held the promise of treating metastatic cancer. Despite the comprehensive studies of IL-2 on immune system have established the application of IL-2 for cancer immunotherapy, a number of poignant obstacles remain for future research. In the present review, we will focus on the key biological features of IL-2, current applications, limitations, and future directions of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. of China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, P.R. of China
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17
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Bersanelli M, Buti S, Camisa R, Brighenti M, Lazzarelli S, Mazza G, Passalacqua R. Gefitinib plus interleukin-2 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2035-48. [PMID: 25271833 PMCID: PMC4276955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of lymphocytes by gefitinib treatment has been described. In this phase II pilot trial, we explored the possible synergism between IL-2 and gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. From September, 2003, to November, 2006, 70 consecutive patients with advanced, progressive NSCLC, previously treated with chemotherapy, received oral gefitinib 250 mg daily. The first 39 patients received gefitinib alone (G group). The other 31 also received subcutaneous IL-2 (GIL-2 group): 1 MIU/m2 (Million International Unit/m2)twice a day on Days 1 and 2, once a day on Days 3, 4, 5 every week for four consecutive weeks with a four-week rest period. Median follow-up was 25.2 months. Grade 3–4 toxicity of gefitinib was represented by skin rash (7%), asthenia/anorexia (6%) and diarrhea (7%); patients treated with IL-2 showed grade 2–3 fever (46%), fatigue (21%) and arthralgia (13%). In the GIL-2 group and G-group, we respectively observed: an overall response rate of 16.1% (6.4% complete response) and 5.1% (only partial response); a disease control rate of 41.9% and 41%; a median time to progression of 3.5 (CI 95% = 3.2–3.8) and 4.1 (CI 95% = 2.6–5.7) months; a median overall survival of 20.1 (CI 95% = 5.1–35.1) and 6.9 (CI 95% = 4.9–8.9) months (p = 0.002); and an actuarial one-year survival rate of 54% and 30%. Skin toxicity (p < 0.001; HR = 0.29; CI 95% = 0.16–0.54) and use of IL-2 (p < 0.001; HR = 0.33; CI 95% = 0.18–0.60) were independently associated with improvement of survival. In this consecutive, non-randomized, series of advanced NSCLC patients, the use of IL-2 increased the efficacy of gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bersanelli
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Camisa
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Brighenti
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Largo Priori, 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Lazzarelli
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Largo Priori, 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Mazza
- Radiology Division, Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili,1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Largo Priori, 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
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19
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The Role of Inflammation in Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Tada N, Tsuno NH, Kawai K, Murono K, Nirei T, Ishihara S, Sunami E, Kitayama J, Watanabe T. Changes in the plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines for predicting the response to chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:463-71. [PMID: 24253593 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to characterize the predictive value of cytokines/chemokines in rectal cancer (RC) patients receiving chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Blood samples were obtained pre- and post-CRT from 35 patients with advanced RC, who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery, and the correlation between plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines and the response to CRT was analyzed. The pre-CRT levels of soluble CD40-ligand (sCD40L) and the post-CRT levels of chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5) were significantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion and with venous invasion. In addition, a significant decrease in sCD40L and CCL-5, as well as in platelet counts, was associated with a favorable response to CRT. A significant correlation between pre-CRT platelet counts and sCD40L was observed in patients with a favorable response. By contrast, higher post-CRT interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with a poor response. Platelets, immune system and cancer cells, cross-linked through various cytokines/chemokines, appear to play an important role in the response to CRT, and by understanding their roles, new approaches for the improvement of the therapy might be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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The anti-lung cancer activities of steroidal saponins of P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara through enhanced immunostimulation in experimental Lewis tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice and induction of apoptosis in the A549 cell line. Molecules 2013; 18:12916-36. [PMID: 24141243 PMCID: PMC6269684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPSCFH) has been used as medicinal Paris for the prevention and treatment of cancers in China for thousands of years. Its main components, steroidal saponins (PRS), have been confirmed to inhibit tumor growth. In the present study, the immunostimulation of PRS was investigated in Lewis bearing-C57BL/6 mice while the induction of apoptosis in A549 cells was also studied. The treatment with PRS (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor, volume, and weight in the C57BL/6 mice. The rates of inhibition of PRS (at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg) were 26.49 ± 17.30%, 40.32 ± 18.91% and 54.94 ± 16.48%, respectively. The spleen and thymus indexes were increased remarkably, while the levels of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum were decreased according to ELISA assays. For A549 cells, Hoechst 33342 staining and annexin V/PI by flow cytometry showed that PRS (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/mL) induced nuclear changes of A549 cells with DNA condensation and fragmentations of chromatin, as well as inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, PRS could also attenuate the over-generation of intracellular ROS. Western blotting analysis showed a significant decrease on the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-6 and TGF-β1, as well as cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1, by treatment with PRS. Our results demonstrated that the inhibition of PRS on tumor growth might be associated with the amelioration of inflammation responses, induction of apoptosis, as well as the decrease of ROS. These results suggested that PRS implied a potential therapeutic effect in the lung cancer treatment.
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