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Perez-Soria MME, López-Díaz DG, Jiménez-Ocampo R, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Ueti MW, Mosqueda J. Immunization of cattle with a Rhipicephalus microplus chitinase peptide containing predicted B-cell epitopes reduces tick biological fitness. Parasitology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38311342 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle fever tick, is the most important ectoparasite impacting the livestock industry worldwide. Overreliance on chemical treatments for tick control has led to the emergence of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination. An immunological strategy based on vaccines offers an alternative approach to tick control. To develop novel tick vaccines, it is crucial to identify and evaluate antigens capable of generating protection in cattle. Chitinases are enzymes that degrade older chitin at the time of moulting, therefore allowing interstadial metamorphosis. In this study, 1 R. microplus chitinase was identified and its capacity to reduce fitness in ticks fed on immunized cattle was evaluated. First, the predicted amino acid sequence was determined in 4 isolates and their similarity was analysed by bioinformatics. Four peptides containing predicted B-cell epitopes were designed. The immunogenicity of each peptide was assessed by inoculating 2 cattle, 4 times at 21 days intervals, and the antibody response was verified by indirect ELISA. A challenge experiment was conducted with those peptides that were immunogenic. The chitinase gene was successfully amplified and sequenced, enabling comparison with reference strains. Notably, a 99.32% identity and 99.84% similarity were ascertained among the sequences. Furthermore, native protein recognition was demonstrated through western blot assays. Chitinase peptide 3 reduced the weight and oviposition of engorged ticks, as well as larvae viability, exhibiting a 71% efficacy. Therefore, chitinase 3 emerges as a viable vaccine candidate, holding promise for its integration into a multiantigenic vaccine against R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Gustavo López-Díaz
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, College of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, QT, Mexico
- Master's Program in Sustainable Animal Health and Production, College of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, QT, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- CA Salud Animal y Microbiologia Ambiental, College of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, QT, Mexico
| | - Massaro W Ueti
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, College of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, QT, Mexico
- CA Salud Animal y Microbiologia Ambiental, College of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, QT, Mexico
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2
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Zeb I, Almutairi MM, Alouffi A, Islam N, Parizi LF, Safi SZ, Tanaka T, da Silva Vaz I, Ali A. Low Genetic Polymorphism in the Immunogenic Sequences of Rhipicephalus microplus Clade C. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1909. [PMID: 36423005 PMCID: PMC9697226 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus tick highly affects the veterinary sector throughout the world. Different tick control methods have been adopted, and the identification of tick-derived highly immunogenic sequences for the development of an anti-tick vaccine has emerged as a successful alternate. This study aimed to characterize immunogenic sequences from R. microplus ticks prevalent in Pakistan. Ticks collected in the field were morphologically identified and subjected to DNA and RNA extraction. Ticks were molecularly identified based on the partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit (cox) sequence and screened for piroplasms (Theileria/Babesia spp.), Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma spp. PCR-based pathogens-free R. microplus-derived cDNA was used for the amplification of full-length cysteine protease inhibitor (cystatin 2b), cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase (cathepsin-L), glutathione S-transferase (GST), ferritin 1, 60S acidic ribosomal protein (P0), aquaporin 2, ATAQ, and R. microplus 05 antigen (Rm05Uy) coding sequences. The cox sequence revealed 100% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Pakistan's formerly reported R. microplus, and full-length immunogenic sequences revealed maximum identities to the most similar sequences reported from India, China, Cuba, USA, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Israel, and Uruguay. Low nonsynonymous polymorphisms were observed in ATAQ (1.5%), cathepsin-L (0.6%), and aquaporin 2 (0.4%) sequences compared to the homologous sequences from Mexico, India, and the USA, respectively. Based on the cox sequence, R. microplus was phylogenetically assembled in clade C, which includes R. microplus from Pakistan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and India. In the phylogenetic trees, the cystatin 2b, cathepsin-L, ferritin 1, and aquaporin 2 sequences were clustered with the most similar available sequences of R. microplus, P0 with R. microplus, R. sanguineus and R. haemaphysaloides, and GST, ATAQ, and Rm05Uy with R. microplus and R. annulatus. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of clade C R. microplus-derived immunogenic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Zeb
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mashal M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabila Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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3
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Obaid MK, Islam N, Alouffi A, Khan AZ, da Silva Vaz I, Tanaka T, Ali A. Acaricides Resistance in Ticks: Selection, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Mitigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:941831. [PMID: 35873149 PMCID: PMC9299439 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding ecto-parasites that have a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Ticks cause economic losses in the form of reduced blood, meat and dairy products, as well as pathogen transmission. Different acaricides such as organochlorines, organophosphates, formamidines (e.g. amitraz), synthetic pyrethroids, macrocyclic lactones, fipronil, and fluazuron are currently used sequentially or simultaneously to control tick infestations. Most acaricide treatments now face increasingly high chances of failure, due to the resistance selection in different tick populations against these drugs. Acaricide resistance in ticks can be developed in different ways, including amino acid substitutions that result in morphological changes in the acaricide target, metabolic detoxification, and reduced acaricide entry through the outer layer of the tick body. The current literature brings a plethora of information regarding the use of different acaricides for tick control, resistance selection, analysis of mutations in target sites, and resistance mitigation. Alternatives such as synergistic use of different acaricides, plant-derived phytochemicals, fungi as biological control agents, and anti-tick vaccines have been recommended to avoid and mitigate acaricide resistance. The purpose of this review was to summarize and discuss different acaricides applied for tick control, their mechanisms of action and resistance selection, genetic polymorphisms in their target molecules, as well as the approaches used for diagnosis and mitigation of acaricide resistance, specifically in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabila Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Zeb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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A Review of Australian Tick Vaccine Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091030. [PMID: 34579266 PMCID: PMC8473225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick vaccine research in Australia has demonstrated leadership worldwide through the development of the first anti-tick vaccine in the 1990s. Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s (CSIRO) research led to the development of vaccines and/or precursors of vaccines (such as crude extracts) for both the cattle tick and the paralysis tick. CSIRO commercialised the Bm86 vaccine in the early 1990s for Rhipicephalus australis; however, issues with dosing and lack of global conservation led to the market closure of Tick-GARD in Australia. New research programs arose both locally and globally. The Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus has perplexed research veterinarians since the 1920s; however, not until the 2000s did biotechnology exist to elucidate the neurotoxin—holocyclotoxin family of toxins leading to a proof of concept vaccine cocktail. This review revisits these discoveries and describes tributes to deceased tick vaccine protagonists in Australia, including Sir Clunies Ross, Dr Bernard Stone and Dr David Kemp.
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Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Indian Isolates of Rhipicephalus microplus Based on Bm86 Gene Sequence. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030194. [PMID: 33652549 PMCID: PMC7996562 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is focused on repeated use of acaricides. However, due to growing acaricide resistance and residues problem, immunization of animals along with limited use of effective acaricides is considered a suitable option for the control of tick infestations. To date, more than fifty vaccine candidates have been identified and tested worldwide, but two vaccines were developed using the extensively studied candidate, Bm86. The main reason for limited vaccine commercialization in other countries is genetic diversity in the Bm86 gene leading to considerable variation in vaccine efficacy. India, with 193.46 million cattle population distributed in 28 states and 9 union territories, is suffering from multiple tick infestation dominated by R. microplus. As R. microplus has developed multi-acaricide resistance, an efficacious vaccine may provide a sustainable intervention for tick control. Preliminary experiments revealed that the presently available commercial vaccine based on the BM86 gene is not efficacious against Indian strain. In concert with the principle of reverse vaccinology, genetic polymorphism of the Bm86 gene within Indian isolates of R. microplus was studied. A 578 bp conserved nucleotide sequences of Bm86 from 65 R. microplus isolates collected from 9 Indian states was sequenced and revealed 95.6-99.8% and 93.2-99.5% identity in nucleotides and amino acids sequences, respectively. The identities of nucleotides and deduced amino acids were 94.7-99.8% and 91.8-99.5%, respectively, between full-length sequence (orf) of the Bm86 gene of IVRI-I strain and published sequences of vaccine strains. Six nucleotides deletion were observed in Indian Bm86 sequences. Four B-cell epitopes (D519-K554, H563-Q587, C598-T606, T609-K623), which are present in the conserved region of the IVRI-I Bm86 sequence, were selected. The results confirm that the use of available commercial Bm86 vaccines is not a suitable option against Indian isolates of R. microplus. A country-specific multi-epitope Bm86 vaccine consisting of four specific B-cell epitopes along with candidate molecules, subolesin and tropomyosin in chimeric/co-immunization format may provide a sustainable option for implementation in an integrated tick management system.
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Lugo-Caro Del Castillo SM, Hernández-Ortiz R, Gómez-Romero N, Martínez-Velázquez M, Castro-Saines E, Lagunes-Quintanilla R. Genetic diversity of the ATAQ gene in Rhipicephalus microplus collected in Mexico and implications as anti-tick vaccine. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3523-3529. [PMID: 32572573 PMCID: PMC7306492 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus has a large impact on cattle production due to its bloodsucking habit and transmission of pathogens that cause babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Application of acaricides constitutes the major control method but is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including environmental contamination and an increase in acaricide resistance by ticks. The recent development of anti-tick vaccines has provided positive results in the post-genomic era, owing to the rise of reverse vaccinological and bioinformatics approaches to analyze and identify candidate protective antigens for use against ticks. The ATAQ protein is considered a novel antigen for the control of the cattle tick R. microplus; it is expressed in midguts and Malpighian tubules of all ticks from the Rhipicephalus genus. However, genetic diversity studies are required. Here, the ATAQ gene was sequenced of seven R. microplus tick isolates from different regions in Mexico to understand the genetic diversity. The results showed that sequence identity among the Mexican isolates ranged between 98 and 100% and 97.8-100% at the nucleotide and protein levels, respectively. Alignments of deduced amino acid sequences from different R. microplus ATAQ isolates in Mexico revealed a high degree of conservation. However, the Mexican isolates differed from the R. microplus "Mozambique" strain, at 20 amino acid residues. Finally, the analysis of more R. microplus isolates, and possibly of other Rhipicephalus species, to determine the genetic diversity in the ATAQ locus is essential to suggest this antigen as a vaccine candidate that might control tick infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubén Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad - INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca - Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62574, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Ninnet Gómez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Vacunología y Constatación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - UNAM, Avenida Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Martínez-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Edgar Castro-Saines
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad - INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca - Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62574, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Rodolfo Lagunes-Quintanilla
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad - INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca - Cuautla 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 62574, Jiutepec, Morelos, México.
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7
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Ndawula C, Amaral Xavier M, Villavicencio B, Cortez Lopes F, Juliano MA, Parizi LF, Verli H, da Silva Vaz I, Ligabue-Braun R. Prediction, mapping and validation of tick glutathione S-transferase B-cell epitopes. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101445. [PMID: 32354639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In search of ways to address the increasing incidence of global acaricide resistance, tick control through vaccination is regarded as a sustainable alternative approach. Recently, a novel cocktail antigen tick-vaccine was developed based on the recombinant glutathione S-transferase (rGST) anti-sera cross-reaction to glutathione S-transferases of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (GST-Ra), Amblyomma variegatum (GST-Av), Haemaphysalis longicornis (GST-Hl), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (GST-Rd) and Rhipicephalus microplus (GST-Rm). Therefore, the current study aimed to predict the shared B-cell epitopes within the GST sequences of these tick species. Prediction of B-cell epitopes and proteasomal cleavage sites were performed using immunoinformatics algorithms. The conserved epitopes predicted within the sequences were mapped on the homodimers of the respective tick GSTs, and the corresponding peptides were independently used for rabbit immunization experiments. Based on the dot blot assay, the immunogenicity of the peptides and their potential to be recognized by corresponding rGST anti-sera raised by rabbit immunization in a previous work were investigated. This study revealed that the predicted conserved B-cell epitopes within the five tick GST sequences were localized on the surface of the respective GST homodimers. The epitopes of GST-Ra, GST-Rd, GST-Av, and GST-Hl were also shown to contain a seven residue-long peptide sequence with no proteasomal cleavage sites, whereas proteasomal digestion of GST-Rm was predicted to yield a 4-residue fragment. Given that a few proteasomal cleavage sites were found within the conserved epitope sequences of the four GSTs, the sequences could also contain a T-cell epitope. Finally, the peptide and rGST anti-sera reacted against the corresponding peptide, confirming their immunogenicity. These data support the claim that the rGSTs, used in the previous study, contain conserved B-cell epitopes, which elucidates why the rGST anti-sera cross-reacted to non-homologous tick GSTs. Taken together, the data suggest that the B-cell epitopes predicted in this study could be useful for constituting epitope-based GST tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ndawula
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Amaral Xavier
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Villavicencio
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cortez Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal das Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ortega-Sánchez R, Camacho-Nuez M, Castañeda-Ortiz EJ, Martínez-Benítez MB, Hernández-Silva DJ, Aguilar-Tipacamú G, Mosqueda J. Vaccine efficacy of recombinant BmVDAC on Rhipicephalus microplus fed on Babesia bigemina-infected and uninfected cattle. Vaccine 2020; 38:3618-3625. [PMID: 31928853 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is the most widely distributed tick worldwide and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry. It directly affects hosts (especially in large infestations) by feeding on blood and piercing the skin and indirectly affects hosts as a vector of pathogens that cause infectious diseases, such as bovine babesiosis. Current research on the control of ticks is focused on integrated tick control programmes, including vaccination treatment with acaricides and completely blocking pathogen transmission. Our previous studies showed that R. microplus VDAC (BmVDAC) expression is modulated by Babesia bigemina infection. VDAC is a mitochondrial protein with multiple functions in addition to its primary role as a central component of the apoptotic machinery. In this paper, we evaluated BmVDAC as an anti-tick vaccine and its capacity to block the infection of Babesia bigemina in ticks. Our results demonstrate that rBmVDAC is immunogenic and that antibodies specifically recognize the native protein from midguts of R. microplus. Immunization with rBmVDAC afforded an 82% efficacy against R. microplus infestation in the group of vaccinated cattle compared with the control group. In contrast, rBmVDAC showed a lower efficacy of 34% against tick infestation in cattle vaccinated with rBmVDAC, infested with R. microplus and infected with B. bigemina. The main effect on ticks fed in vaccinated and infected cattle was a 34% reduction in egg fertility (DF) compared to ticks fed on the control group. There was no reduction in the B. bigemina parasite levels of ticks fed on rBmVDAC-vaccinated cattle. These results suggest that the rBmVDAC protein could be tested as a vaccine for the control of tick infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Ortega-Sánchez
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C.A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Ejido Bolaños, Queretaro Queretaro 76140, Mexico; Maestria en Salud y Producción Animal Sustentable, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Minerva Camacho-Nuez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, San Lorenzo Núm. 290, esquina Roberto Gayol, colonia del Valle Sur, delegación Benito Juárez, México D.F. C.P. 03100, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Jacqueline Castañeda-Ortiz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, San Lorenzo Núm. 290, esquina Roberto Gayol, colonia del Valle Sur, delegación Benito Juárez, México D.F. C.P. 03100, Mexico
| | - Máximo Berto Martínez-Benítez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, San Lorenzo Núm. 290, esquina Roberto Gayol, colonia del Valle Sur, delegación Benito Juárez, México D.F. C.P. 03100, Mexico
| | - Diego Josimar Hernández-Silva
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C.A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Ejido Bolaños, Queretaro Queretaro 76140, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Col Juriquilla C.P. 76230, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C.A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Ejido Bolaños, Queretaro Queretaro 76140, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, Col Juriquilla C.P. 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
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9
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Martínez-Arzate SG, Sánchez-Bermúdez JC, Sotelo-Gómez S, Diaz-Albiter HM, Hegazy-Hassan W, Tenorio-Borroto E, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC. Genetic diversity of Bm86 sequences in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks from Mexico: analysis of haplotype distribution patterns. BMC Genet 2019; 20:56. [PMID: 31299900 PMCID: PMC6626424 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are a problem for cattle production mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, because they generate great economic losses. Acaricides and vaccines have been used to try to keep tick populations under control. This has been proven difficult given the resistance to acaricides and vaccines observed in ticks. Resistance to protein rBm86-based vaccines has been associated with the genetic diversity of Bm86 among the ectoparasite’s populations. So far, neither genetic diversity, nor spatial distribution of circulating Bm86 haplotypes, have been studied within the Mexican territory. Here, we explored the genetic diversity of 125 Bm86 cDNA gene sequences from R. microplus from 10 endemic areas of Mexico by analyzing haplotype distribution patterns to help in understanding the population genetic structure of Mexican ticks. Results Our results showed an average nucleotide identity among the Mexican isolates of 98.3%, ranging from 91.1 to 100%. Divergence between the Mexican and Yeerongpilly (the Bm86 reference vaccine antigen) sequences ranged from 3.1 to 7.4%. Based on the geographic distribution of Bm86 haplotypes in Mexico, our results suggest gene flow occurrence within different regions of the Mexican territory, and even the USA. Conclusions The polymorphism of Bm86 found in the populations included in this study, could account for the poor efficacy of the current Bm86 antigen based commercial vaccine in many regions of Mexico. Our data may contribute towards designing new, highly-specific, Bm86 antigen vaccine candidates against R. microplus circulating in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Martínez-Arzate
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - J C Sánchez-Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - S Sotelo-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - H M Diaz-Albiter
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.,Colegio de la Frontera del Sur, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, sección II, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - W Hegazy-Hassan
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - E Tenorio-Borroto
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - A Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico
| | - J C Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Kilometro 15.5 Carretera Panamericana, CP 50200, Toluca-Atlacomulco, Mexico.
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10
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Ndawula C, Sabadin GA, Parizi LF, da Silva Vaz I. Constituting a glutathione S-transferase-cocktail vaccine against tick infestation. Vaccine 2019; 37:1918-1927. [PMID: 30824358 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cocktail vaccines are proposed as an attractive way to increase protection efficacy against specific tick species. Furthermore, such vaccines made with different tick antigens have the potential of cross-protecting against a broad range of tick species. However, there are still limitations to the selection of immunogen candidates. Acknowledging that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been exploited as vaccines against ticks and other parasites, this study aimed to analyze a GST-cocktail vaccine as a potential broad-spectrum tick vaccine. To constitute the GST-cocktail vaccine, five tick species of economic importance for livestock industry were studied (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma variegatum, and Haemaphysalis longicornis). Tick GST ORF sequences were cloned, and the recombinant GSTs were produced in Escherichia coli. rGSTs were purified and inoculated into rabbits, and the immunological response was characterized. The humoral response against rGST-Rd and rGST-Av showed a stronger cross-reactivity against heterologous rGSTs compared to rGST-Hl, rGST-Ra, and rGST-Rm. Therefore, rGST-Rd and rGST-Av were selected for constituting an experimental rGST-cocktail vaccine. Vaccination experiment in rabbits showed that rGST-cocktail caused 35% reduction in female numbers in a Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation. This study brings forward an approach to selecting immunogens for cocktail vaccines, and the results highlight rGST-Rd and rGST-Av as potentially useful tools for the development of a broad-spectrum tick vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ndawula
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Sabadin
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Blecha IMZ, Csordas BG, Aguirre ADAR, Cunha RC, Garcia MV, Andreotti R. Analysis of Bm86 conserved epitopes: is a global vaccine against Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus possible? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:267-279. [PMID: 30133596 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus causes significant economic losses in agribusiness. Control of this tick is achieved mainly through the application of chemical acaricides, often resulting in contamination of animal food products and of the environment. Another major concern associated with acaricide use is the increasing reports of resistance of this tick vector against the active ingredients of many commercial products. An alternative control method is vaccination. However, the commercially available vaccine based on a protein homologous to Bm86 exhibits variations in efficacy relative to the different geographical locations. This study aimed to identify antigenic determinants of the sequences of proteins homologous to Bm86. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the extent of divergence between different populations of R. microplus to identify the sequence that could be used as a universal vaccine against the multiple geographically distinct populations of R. microplus and related tick species. Considering the extensive sequence and functional polymorphism observed among strains of R. microplus from different geographical regions, we can conclude that it may be possible to achieve effective vaccination against these cattle ticks using a single universal Bm86-based antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Maiumi Zaidan Blecha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduacão em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FAMEZ, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Programa de Desenvolvimento Científico Regional - DCR, Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia - FUNDECT, Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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12
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Martínez-Arzate SG, Tenorio-Borroto E, Barbabosa Pliego A, Díaz-Albiter HM, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, González-Díaz H. PTML Model for Proteome Mining of B-Cell Epitopes and Theoretical–Experimental Study of Bm86 Protein Sequences from Colima, Mexico. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:4093-4103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl G. Martínez-Arzate
- Molecular
Biology Laboratory, CIESA, FMVZ, Autonomous University of The State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, 50200 Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Esvieta Tenorio-Borroto
- Molecular
Biology Laboratory, CIESA, FMVZ, Autonomous University of The State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, 50200 Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa Pliego
- Molecular
Biology Laboratory, CIESA, FMVZ, Autonomous University of The State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, 50200 Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Héctor M. Díaz-Albiter
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry and Physiology of Insects, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Wellcome
Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Juan C. Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Molecular
Biology Laboratory, CIESA, FMVZ, Autonomous University of The State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, 50200 Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48940 Biscay, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011 Biscay, Spain
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13
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Exploitation of chemical, herbal and nanoformulated acaricides to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus – A review. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Petermann J, Bonnefond R, Mermoud I, Rantoen D, Meynard L, Munro C, Lua LHL, Hüe T. Evaluation of three adjuvants with respect to both adverse effects and the efficacy of antibody production to the Bm86 protein. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:303-315. [PMID: 28752480 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cattle tick infestations remain an important burden for farmers in tropical area like in New Caledonia. With the development of acaricide resistance, tick vaccines should be an attractive alternative to control ticks but their efficacy needs to be improved. In this study three adjuvants were studied in an experimental tick vaccine with a Bm86 protein to assess their performance in terms of antibody productions and adverse reactions following vaccinations. The water-in-oil adjuvant ISA 61 VG led to higher antibody titers compared to a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant ISA 201 VG and an aqueous polymeric adjuvant Montanide Gel 01. Vaccinations with these three adjuvants did not produce severe general reaction but an increase in skin thickness was observed especially with both oil-based emulsions. These results indicated that the water-in-oil adjuvant is the most interesting to use for this vaccine but local adverse reactions remain an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Petermann
- Équipe ARBOREAL: AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vALorisation, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, BP 73, 98890, Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Romain Bonnefond
- Station zootechnique de port Laguerre, Direction Provinciale du Développement Rural, Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Isabelle Mermoud
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre, BP 42, 98890, Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Dewi Rantoen
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre, BP 42, 98890, Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Laure Meynard
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre, BP 42, 98890, Païta, New Caledonia
| | - Christopher Munro
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, Protein Expression Facility, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Hüe
- Équipe ARBOREAL: AgricultuRe BiOdiveRsité Et vALorisation, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, BP 73, 98890, Païta, New Caledonia.
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15
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de la Fuente J, Kopáček P, Lew-Tabor A, Maritz-Olivier C. Strategies for new and improved vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:754-769. [PMID: 27203187 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ticks infest a variety of animal species and transmit pathogens causing disease in both humans and animals worldwide. Tick-host-pathogen interactions have evolved through dynamic processes that accommodated the genetic traits of the hosts, pathogens transmitted and the vector tick species that mediate their development and survival. New approaches for tick control are dependent on defining molecular interactions between hosts, ticks and pathogens to allow for discovery of key molecules that could be tested in vaccines or new generation therapeutics for intervention of tick-pathogen cycles. Currently, tick vaccines constitute an effective and environmentally sound approach for the control of ticks and the transmission of the associated tick-borne diseases. New candidate protective antigens will most likely be identified by focusing on proteins with relevant biological function in the feeding, reproduction, development, immune response, subversion of host immunity of the tick vector and/or molecules vital for pathogen infection and transmission. This review addresses different approaches and strategies used for the discovery of protective antigens, including focusing on relevant tick biological functions and proteins, reverse genetics, vaccinomics and tick protein evolution and interactomics. New and improved tick vaccines will most likely contain multiple antigens to control tick infestations and pathogen infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - P Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - A Lew-Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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Schetters T, Bishop R, Crampton M, Kopáček P, Lew-Tabor A, Maritz-Olivier C, Miller R, Mosqueda J, Patarroyo J, Rodriguez-Valle M, Scoles GA, de la Fuente J. Cattle tick vaccine researchers join forces in CATVAC. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:105. [PMID: 26911668 PMCID: PMC4766707 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A meeting sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was held at the Avanti Hotel, Mohammedia, Morocco, July 14–15, 2015. The meeting resulted in the formation of the Cattle Tick Vaccine Consortium (CATVAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Schetters
- ProtActivity R&D, Cuijk, The Netherlands. .,ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South-Africa.
| | - Richard Bishop
- Tick Unit, International Livestock Research Institute ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Michael Crampton
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, Gauteng, South-Africa.
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Alicja Lew-Tabor
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Murdoch University, Centre for Comparative Genomics, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- The Genomics Research Institute, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South-Africa.
| | - Robert Miller
- Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | | | - Manuel Rodriguez-Valle
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Glen A Scoles
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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17
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Muyobela J, Nkunika POY, Mwase ET. Resistance status of ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in Isoka District, Zambia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1599-605. [PMID: 26310511 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to obtain data on the farmer's approach to tick control and to determine whether Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neuman, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) were resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides, in Isoka District, Zambia. Prevailing tick control practices were documented by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 80 randomly selected smallholder livestock farmers from four agricultural camps (Longwe, Kantenshya, Kapililonga, and Ndeke) in Isoka District. Modified larval packet test (LPT) bioassay experiments were used to determine the resistance status of the common tick species against amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides. Fifty percent of respondents practiced chemical tick control with amitraz (27 %) and cypermethrin (23 %) being the acaricides in use, and were applied with knapsack sprayers. Less than 3 l of spray wash per animal was used which was considerably lower than the recommended delivery rate of 10 l of spray wash per animal. No significant susceptibility change to amitraz at 95 % confidence level was observed in R. appendiculatus and A. variegatum against amitraz. However, a significant change in the susceptibility of R. (Bo.) microplus tested with amitraz was detected at 95 % confidence. The test population had a lower susceptibility (LD50 0.014 %; LD90 0.023 %) than the reference population (LD50 0.013 %; LD90 0.020 %). The results indicated that resistance to amitraz was developing in R. (Bo.) microplus. For cypermethrin, no significant susceptibility change at 95 % confidence was observed in any of the three species and thus resistance to this chemical was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Muyobela
- Department of Biological Science, University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia. .,Department of Veterinary and Tsetse Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Box 410110, Kasama, Zambia.
| | | | - Enala Tembo Mwase
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
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18
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Kaewmongkol S, Kaewmongkol G, Inthong N, Lakkitjaroen N, Sirinarumitr T, Berry CM, Jonsson NN, Stich RW, Jittapalapong S. Variation among Bm86 sequences in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks collected from cattle across Thailand. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 66:247-256. [PMID: 25777941 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tick vaccines based on recombinant homologues Bm86 and Bm95 have become a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides commonly used to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. However, Bm86 polymorphism among geographically separate ticks is reportedly associated with reduced effectiveness of these vaccines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Bm86 among cattle ticks collected from Northern, Northeastern, Central and Southern areas across Thailand. Bm86 cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences representing 29 female tick midgut samples were 95.6-97.0 and 91.5-93.5 % identical to the nucleotide and amino acid reference sequences, respectively, of the Australian Yeerongpilly vaccine strain. Multiple sequence analyses of these Bm86 variants indicated geographical relationships and polymorphism among Thai cattle ticks. Two larger groups of cattle tick strains were discernable based on this phylogenetic analysis of Bm86, a Thai group and a Latin American group. Thai female and male cattle ticks (50 pairs) were also subjected to detailed morphological characterization to confirm their identity. The majority of female ticks had morphological features consistent with those described for R. (B.) microplus, whereas, curiously, the majority of male ticks were more consistent with the recently re-instated R. (B.) australis. A number of these ticks had features consistent with both species. Further investigations are warranted to test the efficacies of rBm86-based vaccines to homologous and heterologous challenge infestations with Thai tick strains and for in-depth study of the phylogeny of Thai cattle ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaewmongkol
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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19
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Abbas RZ, Zaman MA, Colwell DD, Gilleard J, Iqbal Z. Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: The state of play. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Multi-antigenic vaccine against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: A field evaluation. Vaccine 2012; 30:6912-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Ben Said M, Galai Y, Mhadhbi M, Jedidi M, de la Fuente J, Darghouth MA. Molecular characterization of Bm86 gene orthologs from Hyalomma excavatum, Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma marginatum marginatum and comparison with a vaccine candidate from Hyalomma scupense. Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:230-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Rodriguez-Valle M, Vance M, Moolhuijzen PM, Tao X, Lew-Tabor AE. Differential recognition by tick-resistant cattle of the recombinantly expressed Rhipicephalus microplus serine protease inhibitor-3 (RMS-3). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012; 3:159-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Rodríguez-Valle M, Taoufik A, Valdés M, Montero C, Hassan I, Hassan SM, Jongejan F, de la Fuente J. Efficacy of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 against Hyalomma dromedarii and Amblyomma cajennense tick infestations in camels and cattle. Vaccine 2012; 30:3453-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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24
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Maritz-Olivier C, van Zyl W, Stutzer C. A systematic, functional genomics, and reverse vaccinology approach to the identification of vaccine candidates in the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012; 3:179-87. [PMID: 22521592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, reverse vaccinology is proving promising in the development of vaccines against bacterial and viral diseases, with limited application in ectoparasite vaccine design. In this study, we present a systematic approach using a combination of functional genomics (DNA microarrays) techniques and a pipeline incorporating in silico prediction of subcellular localization and protective antigenicity using VaxiJen for the identification of novel anti-tick vaccine candidates. A total of 791 candidates were identified using this approach, of which 176 are membrane-associated and 86 secreted soluble proteins. A preliminary analysis on the antigenicity of selected membrane proteins using anti-gut antisera yielded candidates with an IgG binding capacity greater than previously identified epitopes of Bm86. Subsequent vaccination trials using recombinant proteins will not only validate this approach, but will also improve subsequent reverse vaccinology approaches for the identification of novel anti-tick vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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25
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Bellgard MI, Moolhuijzen PM, Guerrero FD, Schibeci D, Rodriguez-Valle M, Peterson DG, Dowd SE, Barrero R, Hunter A, Miller RJ, Lew-Tabor AE. CattleTickBase: An integrated Internet-based bioinformatics resource for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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