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Sarkar A, Banerjee P, Mazumdar A. Isolation and comparative analysis of culturable bacterial communities associated with life stages, breeding and rearing substrates of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector of bluetongue virus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39167393 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) has been vectoring several arboviruses, protozoa and nematodes, leading to mortality and morbidity of livestock and wild ruminants in the tropics and subtropics. Insight into the bacterial communities associated with the vector species must be worked out. This work tries to inventorize the bacterial communities associated with this important vector species. Acquisition of gut microbiota may be the parental origin, while some are obtained through feeding during larval stages. Culicoides oxystoma possesses semi-aquatic life cycle strategies for egg-laying and larval survival. The bacteria associated with C. oxystoma were compared throughout (i) life stages: egg, larval instars, pupa, adult: male and female obtained from laboratory colony; (ii) field-collected adult: male and age-graded females; and (iii) natural breeding substrate and artificial rearing substrate. The culture-dependent bacteria were identified by Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA, and haemolytic bacteria were screened on blood agar. Results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the predominant Phyla, of which Bacillus spp. was the most abundant across the life stages. Across the life history, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus tropicus, Lysinibacillus sp. and Paenibacillus sp. were retrieved routinely. Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected in the lab-reared specimens and shared between the natural breeding site and rearing medium. From the adults trapped across two locations, B. cereus, Bacillus flexus, A. faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated. The bacterial species associated with this vector may influence various physiological traits, such as vectorial capacity, digestion and larval development, which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sarkar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Banerjee
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Gao H, Wang L, Ma J, Gao X, Xiao J, Wang H. Modeling the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of Culicoides imicola under climate change scenarios. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12308. [PMID: 34760364 PMCID: PMC8559603 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African horse sickness, a transboundary and non-contagious arboviral infectious disease of equids, has spread without any warning from sub-Saharan Africa towards the Southeast Asian countries in 2020. It is imperative to predict the global distribution of Culicoides imicola (C. imicola), which was the main vector of African horse sickness virus. METHODS The occurrence records of C. imicola were mainly obtained from the published literature and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. The maximum entropy algorithm was used to model the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of C. imicola under climate change scenarios. RESULTS The modeling results showed that the currently suitable habitats for C. imicola were distributed in most of the southern part areas of America, southwestern Europe, most of Africa, the coastal areas of the Middle East, almost all regions of South Asia, southern China, a few countries in Southeast Asia, and the whole Australia. Our model also revealed the important environmental variables on the distribution of C. imicola were temperature seasonality, precipitation of coldest quarter, and mean temperature of wettest quarter. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is an assumption of possible greenhouse gases emissions in the future. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of habitat suitability increased and decreased with time, and RCP 8.5 in the 2070s gave the worst prediction. Moreover, the habitat suitability of C. imicola will likely expand to higher latitudes. The prediction of this study is of strategic significance for vector surveillance and the prevention of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Bakhoum M, Fall A, Seck M, Fall M, Ciss M, Garros C, Bouyer J, Gimonneau G, Baldet T. Physicochemical factors affecting the diversity and abundance of Afrotropical Culicoides species in larval habitats in Senegal. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105932. [PMID: 33933445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are the biological vectors of arboviruses of global importance in animal health. We characterized the physicochemical parameters that determine the density and composition of the main Culicoides species of veterinary interest in larval habitats of the Niayes region of Senegal. For this purpose, we combined larval and substrate sampling in the field in different habitat types with adult emergence and physicochemical analyses in the laboratory. Three major habitat types were identified, conditioning the predominant species of Culicoides and pH and the amount of organic matter were positively correlated with the abundance of larvae and emerging Culicoides, as opposed to salinity. The diversity of emerging Culicoides was positively correlated with pH while it was negatively correlated with salinity. Culicoides distinctipennis was the predominant species in the larval habitat group of freshwater lake edges. In the larval habitat group of pond and puddle edges, C. oxystoma and C. nivosus were predominant; both species were again most abundant in the larval habitat group of saltwater lake edges. These variabilities in physicochemical parameters support the distribution of different Culicoides species in different habitat groups. These results make it possible to implement effective, selective and environmental-friendly control measures but also to improve current models for estimating the abundance of adult vector populations at a local scale.
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Grimaud Y, Tran A, Benkimoun S, Boucher F, Esnault O, Cêtre-Sossah C, Cardinale E, Garros C, Guis H. Spatio-temporal modelling of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:288. [PMID: 34044880 PMCID: PMC8161615 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reunion Island regularly faces outbreaks of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic diseases, two insect-borne orbiviral diseases of ruminants. Hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are the vectors of bluetongue (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHDV) viruses. In a previous study, statistical models based on environmental and meteorological data were developed for the five Culicoides species present in the island to provide a better understanding of their ecology and predict their presence and abundance. The purpose of this study was to couple these statistical models with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to produce dynamic maps of the distribution of Culicoides throughout the island. METHODS Based on meteorological data from ground weather stations and satellite-derived environmental data, the abundance of each of the five Culicoides species was estimated for the 2214 husbandry locations on the island for the period ranging from February 2016 to June 2018. A large-scale Culicoides sampling campaign including 100 farms was carried out in March 2018 to validate the model. RESULTS According to the model predictions, no husbandry location was free of Culicoides throughout the study period. The five Culicoides species were present on average in 57.0% of the husbandry locations for C. bolitinos Meiswinkel, 40.7% for C. enderleini Cornet & Brunhes, 26.5% for C. grahamii Austen, 87.1% for C. imicola Kieffer and 91.8% for C. kibatiensis Goetghebuer. The models also showed high seasonal variations in their distribution. During the validation process, predictions were acceptable for C. bolitinos, C. enderleini and C. kibatiensis, with normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) of 15.4%, 13.6% and 16.5%, respectively. The NRMSE was 27.4% for C. grahamii. For C. imicola, the NRMSE was acceptable (11.9%) considering all husbandry locations except in two specific areas, the Cirque de Salazie-an inner mountainous part of the island-and the sea edge, where the model overestimated its abundance. CONCLUSIONS Our model provides, for the first time to our knowledge, an operational tool to better understand and predict the distribution of Culicoides in Reunion Island. As it predicts a wide spatial distribution of the five Culicoides species throughout the year and taking into consideration their vector competence, our results suggest that BTV and EHDV can circulate continuously on the island. As further actions, our model could be coupled with an epidemiological model of BTV and EHDV transmission to improve risk assessment of Culicoides-borne diseases on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Grimaud
- GDS Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
- University of Reunion Island, 15 avenue René Cassin, Sainte-Clotilde, 97715 La Réunion, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- TETIS, University of Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Benkimoun
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- TETIS, University of Montpellier, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Floriane Boucher
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Esnault
- GDS Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion, France
| | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Cardinale
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, 97490 La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- FOFIFA DRZVP, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Gahn MCB, Niakh F, Ciss M, Seck I, Lo MM, Fall AG, Biteye B, Fall M, Ndiaye M, Ba A, Seck MT, Sall B, Lo M, Faye C, Squarzoni-Diaw C, Ka A, Amevoin Y, Apolloni A. Assessing the Risk of Occurrence of Bluetongue in Senegal. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1766. [PMID: 33187059 PMCID: PMC7697801 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants and cattle that can cause severe economic losses in the livestock sector. The virus is transmitted by certain species of the genus Culicoides and consequently, understanding their distribution is essential to enable the identification of high-risk transmission areas. In this work we use bioclimatic and environmental variables to predict vector abundance, and estimate spatial variations in the basic reproductive ratio R0. The resulting estimates were combined with livestock mobility and serological data to assess the risk of Bluetongue outbreaks in Senegal. The results show an increasing abundance of C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini, and C. miombo from north to south. R0 < 1 for most areas of Senegal, whilst southern (Casamance) and southeastern (Kedougou and part of Tambacounda) agro-pastoral areas have the highest risk of outbreak (R0 = 2.7 and 2.9, respectively). The next higher risk areas are in the Senegal River Valley (R0 = 1.07), and the Atlantic coast zones. Seroprevalence rates, shown by cELISA, weren't positively correlated with outbreak probability. Future works should include follow-up studies of competent vector abundancies and serological surveys based on the results of the risk analysis conducted here to optimize the national epidemiological surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cicille Ba Gahn
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Fallou Niakh
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- École Nationale de la Statistique et de l’Administration Économique, 91764 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ismaila Seck
- FAO, ECTAD Regional Office for Africa, 2 Gamel Abdul Nasser Road, P.O. Box GP 1628, Accra, Ghana;
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar 45677, Senegal; (B.S.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Biram Biteye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Mbengué Ndiaye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Aminata Ba
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Baba Sall
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar 45677, Senegal; (B.S.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Mbargou Lo
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar 45677, Senegal; (B.S.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Coumba Faye
- Direction des Services Vétérinaires, Dakar 45677, Senegal; (B.S.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Cécile Squarzoni-Diaw
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97491 Ste-Clotilde, La Reunion, France
| | - Alioune Ka
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Amevoin
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal; (M.C.B.G.); (F.N.); (M.C.); (M.M.L.); (A.G.F.); (B.B.); (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (M.T.S.); (A.K.); (Y.A.)
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Harsha R, Mazumdar SM, Mazumdar A. Abundance, diversity and temporal activity of adult Culicoides spp. associated with cattle in West Bengal, India. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:327-343. [PMID: 32357384 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relative abundance, species composition and temporal activity of Culicoides midges were studied for a period of 2 years (2012-2014) using suction ultra violet light traps at two sites located in the agriculture heartland of West Bengal, India. Surveillance in close proximity to cattle recorded predominance of five species with C oxystoma and C. peregrinus as the most dominant species followed by C. fulvus, C. innoxius and C. anophelis. The temporal activity of midges was investigated for seven consecutive nights at one site in August-September, 2012 and the predominant species was Culicoides oxystoma followed by Culicoides peregrinus. All of the species exhibited crepuscular activity with their flight activity increasing from dusk to dawn. Engorged adults constituted dominant age group in collections. Studies on population ecology of the adults midges are of considerable importance predicting for the epidemicity of midge-borne diseases in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harsha
- Department of Zoology, Balurghat College, Balurghat, West Bengal, India
| | - S M Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - A Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Tracking Community Timing: Pattern and Determinants of Seasonality in Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Northern Florida. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090931. [PMID: 32854272 PMCID: PMC7552033 DOI: 10.3390/v12090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Community dynamics are embedded in hierarchical spatial–temporal scales that connect environmental drivers with species assembly processes. Culicoides species are hematophagous arthropod vectors of orbiviruses that impact wild and domestic ruminants. A better sense of Culicoides dynamics over time is important because sympatric species can lengthen the seasonality of virus transmission. We tested a putative departure from the four seasons calendar in the phenology of Culicoides and the vector subassemblage in the Florida panhandle. Two years of weekly abundance data, temporal scales, persistence and environmental thresholds were analyzed using a tripartite Culicoides β-diversity based modeling approach. Culicoides phenology followed a two-season regime and was explained by stream flow and temperature, but not rainfall. Species richness fit a nested pattern where the species recruitment was maximized during spring months. Midges were active year-round, and two suspected vectors species, Culicoides venustus and Culicoides stellifer, were able to sustain and connect the seasonal modules. Persistence suggests that Orbivirus maintenance does not rely on overwintering and that viruses are maintained year-round, with the seasonal dynamics resembling subtropical Culicoides communities with temporal-overlapping between multivoltine species. Viewing Culicoides-borne orbiviruses as a time-sensitive community-based issue, our results help to recommend when management operations should be delivered.
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Grimaud Y, Guis H, Chiroleu F, Boucher F, Tran A, Rakotoarivony I, Duhayon M, Cêtre-Sossah C, Esnault O, Cardinale E, Garros C. Modelling temporal dynamics of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), vectors of viruses of veterinary importance. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:562. [PMID: 31775850 PMCID: PMC6880491 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reunion Island regularly faces outbreaks of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) and bluetongue (BT), two viral diseases transmitted by haematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to ruminants. To date, five species of Culicoides are recorded in Reunion Island in which the first two are proven vector species: Culicoides bolitinos, C. imicola, C. enderleini, C. grahamii and C. kibatiensis. Meteorological and environmental factors can severely constrain Culicoides populations and activities and thereby affect dispersion and intensity of transmission of Culicoides-borne viruses. The aim of this study was to describe and predict the temporal dynamics of all Culicoides species present in Reunion Island. METHODS Between 2016 and 2018, 55 biweekly Culicoides catches using Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute traps were set up in 11 sites. A hurdle model (i.e. a presence/absence model combined with an abundance model) was developed for each species in order to determine meteorological and environmental drivers of presence and abundance of Culicoides. RESULTS Abundance displayed very strong heterogeneity between sites. Average Culicoides catch per site per night ranged from 4 to 45,875 individuals. Culicoides imicola was dominant at low altitude and C. kibatiensis at high altitude. A marked seasonality was observed for the three other species with annual variations. Twelve groups of variables were tested. It was found that presence and/or abundance of all five Culicoides species were driven by common parameters: rain, temperature, vegetation index, forested environment and host density. Other parameters such as wind speed and farm building opening size governed abundance level of some species. In addition, Culicoides populations were also affected by meteorological parameters and/or vegetation index with different lags of time, suggesting an impact on immature stages. Taking into account all the parameters for the final hurdle model, the error rate by Normalized Root mean Square Error ranged from 4.4 to 8.5%. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to model Culicoides population dynamics in Reunion Island. In the absence of vaccination and vector control strategies, determining periods of high abundance of Culicoides is a crucial first step towards identifying periods at high risk of transmission for the two economically important viruses they transmit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Grimaud
- GDS Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion France
- University of Reunion Island, 15 avenue René Cassin, 97715 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
| | - Hélène Guis
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- Epidemiology and clinical research unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- FOFIFA DRZVP, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Floriane Boucher
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR TETIS, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- TETIS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Esnault
- GDS Réunion, 1 rue du Père Hauck, 97418 La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion France
| | - Eric Cardinale
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
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9
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Ciss M, Biteye B, Fall AG, Fall M, Gahn MCB, Leroux L, Apolloni A. Ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of Culicoides, potential vectors of bluetongue virus in Senegal. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 31676006 PMCID: PMC6825335 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In the Afrotropical region, some are transmitted by Culicoides, such as Akabane, bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic fever and African horse sickness viruses. Bluetongue virus infection has an enormous impact on ruminant production, due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS A nationwide Culicoides trapping campaign was organized at the end of the 2012 rainy season in Senegal. A Maximum Entropy approach (MaxEnt), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method and Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) were used to develop a predictive spatial model for the distribution of Culicoides, using bio-climatic variables, livestock densities and altitude. RESULTS The altitude, maximum temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, temperature seasonality, precipitation of the wettest quarter and livestock density were among the most important factors to predict suitable habitats of Culicoides. Culicoides occurrences were, in most of the cases, positively correlated to precipitation variables and livestock densities; and negatively correlated to the altitude and temperature indices. The Niayes area and the Groundnut basin were the most suitable habitats predicted. CONCLUSION We present ecological niche models for different Culicoides species, namely C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini and C. miombo, potential vectors of bluetongue virus, on a nationwide scale in Senegal. Through our modelling approach, we were able to determine the effect of bioclimatic variables on Culicoides habitats and were able to generate maps for the occurrence of Culicoides species. This information will be helpful in developing risk maps for disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Biram Biteye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Marie Cicille Ba Gahn
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Louise Leroux
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Dakar, Senegal
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
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10
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Updating the global occurrence of Culicoides imicola, a vector for emerging viral diseases. Sci Data 2019; 6:185. [PMID: 31570721 PMCID: PMC6768995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Culicoides imicola is the main vector transmitting viruses causing animal diseases such as Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness, and Schmallenberg. It has become widely distributed, with reports from South Africa to southern Europe, and from western Africa to southern China. This study presents a global compendium of Culicoides imicola occurrence between 1943 and 2018, reflecting the most recently compiled and harmonized global dataset derived from peer-reviewed literature. The procedures used in producing the data, as well as the geo-coding methods, database management and technical validation procedures are described. The study provides an updated and comprehensive global database of C. imicola occurrence, consisting of 1 039 geo-coded records from 50 countries. The datasets can be used for risk mapping of the diseases transmitted by C. imicola as well as to develop the global habitat suitability for the vector.
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11
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Garros C, Labuschagne K, Dommergues L, Ben M, Balenghien T, Muñoz F, Bakhoum MT, Cardinale E, Guis H. Culicoides Latreille in the sun: faunistic inventory of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago, Indian Ocean). Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:135. [PMID: 30902107 PMCID: PMC6431056 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The south-west insular territories of the Indian Ocean have recently received attention concerning the diversity of arthropods of medical or veterinary interest. While a recent study highlighted the circulation of Culicoides-borne viruses, namely bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease, with clinical cases in Mayotte (comprising two islands, Petite-Terre and Grand-Terre), Comoros Archipelago, no data have been published concerning the species diversity of Culicoides present on the two islands. RESULTS A total of 194,734 biting midges were collected in 18 sites, covering two collection sessions (April and June) in Mayotte. Our study reports for the first time livestock-associated Culicoides species and recorded at least 17 described Afrotropical species and one undescribed species. The most abundant species during the April collection session were C. trifasciellus (84.1%), C. bolitinos (5.4%), C. enderleini (3.9%), C. leucostictus (3.3%) and C. rhizophorensis (2.1%). All other species including C. imicola represented less than 1% of the total collection. Abundance ranged between 126-78,842 females with a mean and median abundance of 14,338 and 5111 individuals/night/site, respectively. During the June collection, the abundance per night was low, ranging between 6-475 individuals. Despite low abundance, C. trifasciellus and C. bolitinos were still the most abundant species. Culicoides sp. #50 is recorded for the first time outside South Africa. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports for the first time the Culicoides species list for Mayotte, Comoros Archipelago, Indian Ocean. The low abundance and rare occurrence of C. imicola, which is usually considered the most abundant species in the Afrotropical region, is unexpected. The most abundant and frequent species is C. trifasciellus, which is not considered as a vector species so far, but its role needs further investigation. Further work is needed to describe Culicoides sp. #50 and to carry on faunistic investigations on the other islands of the archipelago as well as in neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97490, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France. .,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, EPV, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, Rabat, Morocco.,IAV Hassan II, MIMC, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Facundo Muñoz
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Cardinale
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97490, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, Antananarivo, Madagascar. .,Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. .,FOFIFA DRZVP, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
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12
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Bakhoum MT, Sarr M, Fall AG, Huber K, Fall M, Sembène M, Seck MT, Labuschagne K, Gardès L, Ciss M, Gimonneau G, Bouyer J, Baldet T, Garros C. DNA barcoding and molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:615. [PMID: 30509304 PMCID: PMC6276223 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biting midge species of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) comprise more than 1300 species distributed worldwide. Several species of Culicoides are vectors of various viruses that can affect animals, like the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), known to be endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The ecological and veterinary interest of Culicoides emphasizes the need for rapid and reliable identification of vector species. However, morphology-based identification has limitations and warrants integration of molecular data. DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) is used as a rapid and authentic tool for species identification in a wide variety of animal taxa across the globe. In this study, our objectives were as follows: (i) establish a reference DNA barcode for Afrotropical Culicoides species; (ii) assess the accuracy of cox1 in identifying Afrotropical Culicoides species; and (iii) test the applicability of DNA barcoding for species identification on a large number of samples of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa. Results A database of 230 cox1 sequences belonging to 42 Afrotropical Culicoides species was found to be reliable for species-level assignments, which enabled us to identify cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae from the Niayes area of Senegal. Of the 933 cox1 sequences of Culicoides larvae analyzed, 906 were correctly identified by their barcode sequences corresponding to eight species of Culicoides. A total of 1131 cox1 sequences of adult and larval Culicoides were analyzed, and a hierarchical increase in mean divergence was observed according to two taxonomic levels: within species (mean = 1.92%, SE = 0.00), and within genus (mean = 17.82%, SE = 0.00). Conclusions Our study proves the efficiency of DNA barcoding for studying Culicoides larval diversity in field samples. Such a diagnostic tool offers great opportunities for investigating Culicoides immature stages ecology and biology, a prerequisite for the implementation of eco-epidemiological studies to better control AHSV in the Niayes region of Senegal, and more generally in sub-Saharan Africa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal. .,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mamadou Sarr
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mbacké Sembène
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Onderstepoort, ZA-0110, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, ZA-0002, South Africa
| | - Laetitia Gardès
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, BP 454, Burkina Faso
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.,CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte Clotilde, F- 97491, Réunion, France
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13
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Diarra M, Fall M, Fall AG, Diop A, Lancelot R, Seck MT, Rakotoarivony I, Allène X, Bouyer J, Guis H. Spatial distribution modelling of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, potential vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:341. [PMID: 29884209 PMCID: PMC5994048 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Senegal, the last epidemic of African horse sickness (AHS) occurred in 2007. The western part of the country (the Niayes area) concentrates modern farms with exotic horses of high value and was highly affected during the 2007 outbreak that has started in the area. Several studies were initiated in the Niayes area in order to better characterize Culicoides diversity, ecology and the impact of environmental and climatic data on dynamics of proven and suspected vectors. The aims of this study are to better understand the spatial distribution and diversity of Culicoides in Senegal and to map their abundance throughout the country. Methods Culicoides data were obtained through a nationwide trapping campaign organized in 2012. Two successive collection nights were carried out in 96 sites in 12 (of 14) regions of Senegal at the end of the rainy season (between September and October) using OVI (Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) light traps. Three different modeling approaches were compared: the first consists in a spatial interpolation by ordinary kriging of Culicoides abundance data. The two others consist in analyzing the relation between Culicoides abundance and environmental and climatic data to model abundance and investigate the environmental suitability; and were carried out by implementing generalized linear models and random forest models. Results A total of 1,373,929 specimens of the genus Culicoides belonging to at least 32 different species were collected in 96 sites during the survey. According to the RF (random forest) models which provided better estimates of abundances than Generalized Linear Models (GLM) models, environmental and climatic variables that influence species abundance were identified. Culicoides imicola, C. enderleini and C. miombo were mostly driven by average rainfall and minimum and maximum normalized difference vegetation index. Abundance of C. oxystoma was mostly determined by average rainfall and day temperature. Culicoides bolitinos had a particular trend; the environmental and climatic variables above had a lesser impact on its abundance. RF model prediction maps for the first four species showed high abundance in southern Senegal and in the groundnut basin area, whereas C. bolitinos was present in southern Senegal, but in much lower abundance. Conclusions Environmental and climatic variables of importance that influence the spatial distribution of species abundance were identified. It is now crucial to evaluate the vector competence of major species and then combine the vector densities with densities of horses to quantify the risk of transmission of AHS virus across the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2920-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Diarra
- InstitutSénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal. .,Université Gaston Berger, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Saint-Louis, Sénégal. .,Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistique, Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Moussa Fall
- InstitutSénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- InstitutSénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aliou Diop
- Université Gaston Berger, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- CIRAD, ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- InstitutSénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- CIRAD, ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Allène
- CIRAD, ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- InstitutSénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal.,CIRAD, ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- CIRAD, ASTRE, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, ASTRE, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Institut Pasteur, Epidemiology Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,FOFIFA, DRZVP, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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14
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Ségard A, Gardès L, Jacquier E, Grillet C, Mathieu B, Rakotoarivony I, Setier-Rio ML, Chavernac D, Cêtre-Sossah C, Balenghien T, Garros C. Schmallenberg virus in Culicoides
Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in France during 2011-2012 outbreak. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e94-e103. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ségard
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | - L. Gardès
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | | | | | - B. Mathieu
- IPPTS, DHPI EA 7292; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | | | | | | | - C. Cêtre-Sossah
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - T. Balenghien
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; Rabat Maroc
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II; Rabat Maroc
| | - C. Garros
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
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15
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Carpenter S, Mellor PS, Fall AG, Garros C, Venter GJ. African Horse Sickness Virus: History, Transmission, and Current Status. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:343-358. [PMID: 28141961 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a lethal arbovirus of equids that is transmitted between hosts primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). AHSV affects draft, thoroughbred, and companion horses and donkeys in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In this review, we examine the impact of AHSV critically and discuss entomological studies that have been conducted to improve understanding of its epidemiology and control. The transmission of AHSV remains a major research focus and we critically review studies that have implicated both Culicoides and other blood-feeding arthropods in this process. We explore AHSV both as an epidemic pathogen and within its endemic range as a barrier to development, an area of interest that has been underrepresented in studies of the virus to date. By discussing AHSV transmission in the African republics of South Africa and Senegal, we provide a more balanced view of the virus as a threat to equids in a diverse range of settings, thus leading to a discussion of key areas in which our knowledge of transmission could be improved. The use of entomological data to detect, predict and control AHSV is also examined, including reference to existing studies carried out during unprecedented outbreaks of bluetongue virus in Europe, an arbovirus of wild and domestic ruminants also transmitted by Culicoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Carpenter
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Program, Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
| | - Philip S Mellor
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Program, Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Claire Garros
- Cirad UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Gert J Venter
- Parasites, Vectors, and Vector-Borne Diseases, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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16
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Bakhoum MT, Fall AG, Fall M, Bassene CK, Baldet T, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Garros C, Gimonneau G. Insight on the larval habitat of Afrotropical Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Niayes area of Senegal, West Africa. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:462. [PMID: 27549191 PMCID: PMC4994380 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain biting midges species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of virus to livestock worldwide. Culicoides larval ecology has remained overlooked because of difficulties to identify breeding sites, methodological constraints to collect samples and lack of morphological tools to identify field-collected individuals to the species level. After the 2007 unforeseen outbreaks of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) in Senegal (West Africa), there is a need to identify suitable and productive larval habitats in horse farms for the main Culicoides species to evaluate the implementation of vector control measures or preventive actions. METHODS We investigate twelve putative larval habitats (habitat types) of Culicoides inside and outside of three horse farms in the Niayes area of Senegal using a combination of flotation and emergence methods during four collection sessions. RESULTS Among the three studied horse farms, three habitat types were found positive for Culicoides larvae: pond edge, lake edge and puddle edge. A total of 1420 Culicoides individuals (519♂/901♀) belonging to ten species emerged from the substrate samples. Culicoides oxystoma (40 %), C. similis (25 %) and C. nivosus (24 %) were the most abundant species and emerged from the three habitat types while C. kingi (5 %) was only retrieved from lake edges and one male emerged from puddle edge. Culicoides imicola (1.7 %) was found in low numbers and retrieved only from pond and puddle edges. CONCLUSIONS Larval habitats identified were not species-specific. All positive larval habitats were found outside the horse farms. This study provides original baseline information on larval habitats of Culicoides species in Senegal in an area endemic for AHSV, in particular for species of interest in animal health. These data will serve as a point of reference for future investigations on larval ecology and larval control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame T. Bakhoum
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Assane G. Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Chiavaroli K. Bassene
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | | | - Momar T. Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- PATTEC coordination office, P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Sénégal
- Cirad, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Present address: CIRDES, BP454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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17
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Bakhoum M, Fall M, Seck M, Gardès L, Fall A, Diop M, Mall I, Balenghien T, Baldet T, Gimonneau G, Garros C, Bouyer J. Foraging range of arthropods with veterinary interest: New insights for Afrotropical Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) using the ring method. Acta Trop 2016; 157:59-67. [PMID: 26826391 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The identification of blood meal source of arthropod vector species contributes to the understanding of host-vector-pathogen interactions. The aim of the current work was to identify blood meal source in Culicoides biting midge species, biological vectors of internationally important arboviruses of livestock and equids, using a new ecological approach. We examined the correlation between blood meal source identified in engorged Culicoides females collected in a suction light trap and the available vertebrate hosts along four rings (200, 500, 1000 and 2000 m) centered at the trap site and described the foraging range of the three main vector species of veterinary interest present in the study area, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides kingi and Culicoides oxystoma. The study was performed in four sites localized in the Niayes region of Senegal (West Africa) where recent outbreaks of African horse sickness occurred. Blood meal source identification was carried out by species-specific multiplex PCRs with genomic DNA extracted from the abdomen of engorged females collected during nine night collections for twenty-six collections. The four most abundant hosts present in the studied area (horse, cattle, goat and sheep) were surveyed in each ring zone. The blood meal source varied according to Culicoides species and host availability in each site. C. oxystoma and C. imicola females mainly fed on horses readily available at 200 m maximum from the trap location whereas females of C. kingi fed mainly on cattle, at variable distances from the traps (200 to 2000 m). C. oxystoma may also feed on other vertebrates. We discuss the results in relation with the transmission of Culicoides-borne arboviruses and the species dispersion capacities.
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18
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Temmam S, Monteil-Bouchard S, Robert C, Baudoin JP, Sambou M, Aubadie-Ladrix M, Labas N, Raoult D, Mediannikov O, Desnues C. Characterization of Viral Communities of Biting Midges and Identification of Novel Thogotovirus Species and Rhabdovirus Genus. Viruses 2016; 8:77. [PMID: 26978389 PMCID: PMC4810267 DOI: 10.3390/v8030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two thirds of emerging viruses are of zoonotic origin, and among them RNA viruses represent the majority. Ceratopogonidae (genus Culicoides) are well-known vectors of several viruses responsible for epizooties (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, etc.). They are also vectors of the only known virus infecting humans: the Oropouche virus. Female midges usually feed on a variety of hosts, leading to possible transmission of emerging viruses from animals to humans. In this context, we report here the analysis of RNA viral communities of Senegalese biting midges using next-generation sequencing techniques as a preliminary step toward the identification of potential viral biohazards. Sequencing of the RNA virome of three pools of Culicoides revealed the presence of a significant diversity of viruses infecting plants, insects and mammals. Several novel viruses were detected, including a novel Thogotovirus species, related but genetically distant from previously described tick-borne thogotoviruses. Novel rhabdoviruses were also detected, possibly constituting a novel Rhabdoviridae genus, and putatively restricted to insects. Sequences related to the major viruses transmitted by Culicoides, i.e., African horse sickness, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses were also detected. This study highlights the interest in monitoring the emergence and circulation of zoonoses and epizooties using their arthropod vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Temmam
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Sonia Monteil-Bouchard
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Catherine Robert
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Masse Sambou
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Maxence Aubadie-Ladrix
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Noémie Labas
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
- Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France.
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19
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Host preferences and circadian rhythm of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vectors of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses in Senegal. Acta Trop 2015; 149:239-45. [PMID: 26099680 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness- and bluetongue virus are orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to horses and to ruminants, respectively. Since the last epizootic outbreak of African horse sickness in 2007 in Senegal, extensive investigations have been undertaken to improve our knowledge on Culicoides species involved locally in the transmission of the virus. The purpose of this study was to compare and quantify the host preferences of potential vectors of these orbiviruses on horse and sheep and to study their circadian rhythm. We found that Culicoides oxystoma and species of the sub-genus Avaritia (Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos and Culicoides pseudopallidipennis) had a preference for horse when compared to sheep (the predicted ratio between horse and sheep was 80 for C. oxystoma and 26 for C. imicola), and were mostly crepuscular: C. oxystoma had continuous activity throughout the diel with peaks in numbers collected after sunrise and sunset, while C. imicola was mostly nocturnal with peak after sunset. Unexpectedly, species of the subgenus Lasiohelea was also collected during this study. This diurnal biting species was a nuisance pest for both animal species used as bait.
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20
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Diarra M, Fall M, Lancelot R, Diop A, Fall AG, Dicko A, Seck MT, Garros C, Allène X, Rakotoarivony I, Bakhoum MT, Bouyer J, Guis H. Modelling the Abundances of Two Major Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Species in the Niayes Area of Senegal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131021. [PMID: 26121048 PMCID: PMC4487250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Senegal, considerable mortality in the equine population and hence major economic losses were caused by the African horse sickness (AHS) epizootic in 2007. Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides imicola, known or suspected of being vectors of bluetongue and AHS viruses are two predominant species in the vicinity of horses and are present all year-round in Niayes area, Senegal. The aim of this study was to better understand the environmental and climatic drivers of the dynamics of these two species. Culicoides collections were obtained using OVI (Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) light traps at each of the 5 sites for three nights of consecutive collection per month over one year. Cross Correlation Map analysis was performed to determine the time-lags for which environmental variables and abundance data were the most correlated. C. oxystoma and C. imicola count data were highly variable and overdispersed. Despite modelling large Culicoides counts (over 220,000 Culicoides captured in 354 night-traps), using on-site climate measures, overdispersion persisted in Poisson, negative binomial, Poisson regression mixed-effect with random effect at the site of capture models. The only model able to take into account overdispersion was the Poisson regression mixed-effect model with nested random effects at the site and date of capture levels. According to this model, meteorological variables that contribute to explaining the dynamics of C. oxystoma and C. imicola abundances were: mean temperature and relative humidity of the capture day, mean humidity between 21 and 19 days prior a capture event, density of ruminants, percentage cover of water bodies within a 2 km radius and interaction between temperature and humidity for C. oxystoma; mean rainfall and NDVI of the capture day and percentage cover of water bodies for C. imicola. Other variables such as soil moisture, wind speed, degree days, land cover or landscape metrics could be tested to improve the models. Further work should also assess whether other trapping methods such as host-baited traps help reduce overdispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Diarra
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
- Université Gaston Berger, Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Aliou Diop
- Université Gaston Berger, Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Assane G. Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ahmadou Dicko
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Momar Talla Seck
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Allène
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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21
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Fall M, Fall AG, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Diarra M, Balenghien T, Garros C, Bakhoum MT, Faye O, Baldet T, Gimonneau G. Circadian activity of Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), potential vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses in the Niayes area, Senegal. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3151-8. [PMID: 26002826 PMCID: PMC4513201 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are important vectors of arboviruses in Africa. Culicoides oxystoma has been recently recorded in the Niayes region of Senegal (West Africa) and its high abundance on horses suggests a potential implication in the transmission of the African horse sickness virus in this region. This species is also suspected to transmit bluetongue virus to imported breeds of sheep. Little information is available on the biology and ecology of Culicoides in Africa. Therefore, understanding the circadian host-seeking activity of this putative vector is of primary importance to assess the risk of the transmission of Culicoides-borne pathogens. To achieve this objective, midges were collected using a sheep-baited trap over two consecutive 24-h periods during four seasons in 2012. A total of 441 Culicoides, belonging to nine species including 418 (94.8%) specimens of C. oxystoma, were collected. C. oxystoma presented a bimodal circadian host-seeking activity at sunrise and sunset in July and was active 3 h after sunrise in April. Daily activity appeared mainly related to time periods. Morning activity increased with the increasing temperature up to about 27 °C and then decreased with the decreasing humidity, suggesting thermal limits for C. oxystoma activity. Evening activity increased with the increasing humidity and the decreasing temperature, comprised between 20 and 27 °C according to seasons. Interestingly, males were more abundant in our sampling sessions, with similar activity periods than females, suggesting potential animal host implication in the facilitation of reproduction. Finally, the low number of C. oxystoma collected render practical vector-control recommendations difficult to provide and highlight the lack of knowledge on the bio-ecology of this species of veterinary interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route du Front de Terre, BP 2057, Dakar, Senegal
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22
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Desvars A, Grimaud Y, Guis H, Esnault O, Allène X, Gardès L, Balenghien T, Baldet T, Delécolle J, Garros C. First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. Acta Trop 2015; 142:5-19. [PMID: 25447828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes the first faunistic inventory of livestock associated Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), where bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease are regularly recorded. Single night-catches were performed at 41 sites using light suction traps at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1525 m, from March to April 2005. Five species were recorded: Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos, Culicoides enderleini, Culicoides grahamii, and Culicoides kibatiensis, among which at least the first three species are known to be involved in virus transmission to ruminants and equids. This is the first record of C. bolitinos, C. kibatiensis, and C. enderleini on the island. C. imicola was the most abundant species along the sea coast. C. bolitinos was more abundant inland and on two sites on the east coast. C. kibatiensis and C. grahamii were less abundant than the other three species and limited to two foci. Spatial distribution analysis of the different species showed that C. bolitinos, C. enderleini and C. imicola were collected at low altitudes, while the other two species were found at higher altitude. A morphological identification key for adult females and males is given, as well as cytochrome oxydase subunit I sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed a clear divergence between C. bolitinos from Reunion Island and mainland Africa. This monograph will help to identify the Culicoides species in the poorly known entomological fauna of the south-western Indian Ocean region.
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23
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Fall M, Diarra M, Fall AG, Balenghien T, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Garros C, Gimonneau G, Allène X, Mall I, Delécolle JC, Rakotoarivony I, Bakhoum MT, Dusom AM, Ndao M, Konaté L, Faye O, Baldet T. Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) midges, the vectors of African horse sickness virus--a host/vector contact study in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:39. [PMID: 25604465 PMCID: PMC4307892 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African horse sickness (AHS) is an equine disease endemic to Senegal. The African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is transmitted to the mammalian hosts by midges of the Culicoides Latreille genus. During the last epizootic outbreak of AHS in Senegal in 2007, 1,169 horses died from this disease entailing an estimated cost of 1.4 million euros. In spite of the serious animal health and economic implications of AHS, very little is known about determinants involved in transmission such as contact between horses and the Culicoides species suspected of being its vectors. METHODS The monthly variation in host/vector contact was determined in the Niayes area, Senegal, an area which was severely affected by the 2007 outbreak of AHS. A horse-baited trap and two suction light traps (OVI type) were set up at each of five sites for three consecutive nights every month for one year. RESULTS Of 254,338 Culicoides midges collected 209,543 (82.4%) were female and 44,795 (17.6%) male. Nineteen of the 41 species collected were new distribution records for Senegal. This increased the number of described Culicoides species found in Senegal to 53. Only 19 species, of the 41 species found in light trap, were collected in the horse-baited trap (23,669 specimens) largely dominated by Culicoides oxystoma (22,300 specimens, i.e. 94.2%) followed by Culicoides imicola (482 specimens, i.e. 2.0%) and Culicoides kingi (446 specimens, i.e. 1.9%). CONCLUSIONS Culicoides oxystoma should be considered as a potential vector of AHSV in the Niayes area of Senegal due to its abundance on horses and its role in the transmission of other Culicoides-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Maryam Diarra
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assane G Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Momar T Seck
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Allène
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Iba Mall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mame T Bakhoum
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ange M Dusom
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Massouka Ndao
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lassana Konaté
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Thierry Baldet
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Guichard S, Guis H, Tran A, Garros C, Balenghien T, Kriticos DJ. Worldwide niche and future potential distribution of Culicoides imicola, a major vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112491. [PMID: 25391148 PMCID: PMC4229218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We modelled the ecoclimatic niche of Culicoides imicola, a major arthropod vector of midge-borne viral pathogens affecting ruminants and equids, at fine scale and on a global extent, so as to provide insight into current and future risks of disease epizootics, and increase current knowledge of the species' ecology. Based on the known distribution and ecology of C. imicola, the species' response to monthly climatic conditions was characterised using CLIMEX with 10′ spatial resolution climatic datasets. The species' climatic niche was projected worldwide and under future climatic scenarios. The validated model highlights the role of irrigation in supporting the occurrence of C. imicola in arid regions. In Europe, the modelled potential distribution of C. imicola extended further West than its reported distribution, raising questions regarding ongoing process of colonization and non-climatic habitat factors. The CLIMEX model highlighted similar ecological niches for C. imicola and the Australasian C. brevitarsis raising questions on biogeography and biosecurity. Under the climate change scenarios considered, its' modelled potential distribution could expand northward in the Northern hemisphere, whereas in Africa its range may contract in the future. The biosecurity risks from bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses need to be re-evaluated in regions where the vector's niche is suitable. Under a warmer climate, the risk of vector-borne epizootic pathogens such as bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses are likely to increase as the climate suitability for C. imicola shifts poleward, especially in Western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Guichard
- Cirad, UR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- InSTePP, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Hélène Guis
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- Cirad, UR AGIRs, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR15 TETIS, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Darren J. Kriticos
- InSTePP, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship and Biosecurity Flagship, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- * E-mail:
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