1
|
Dube A, Kalinda C, Manyangadze T, Mindu T, Chimbari MJ. Effects of temperature on the life history traits of intermediate host snails of fascioliasis: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011812. [PMID: 38048345 PMCID: PMC10721167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of climate change has led to variations in various biological processes, leading to altered transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, including snail-borne diseases (SBDs). Fascioliasis is one of the neglected zoonotic tropical snail-borne diseases caused by the trematode of the genus Fasciola. This review focused on laboratory experimental and model studies that evaluate the potential effect of temperature change on the ecology and biology of the intermediate host snails (IHS) of Fasciola. METHODS A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, and PubMed databases using predefined medical subject heading terms, Boolean operators, and truncation symbols in combination with direct keywords: Fasciolosis AND Temperature, Lymnaea OR Austropeplea OR Radix OR Galba OR Fossaria OR Pseudosuccinea AND growth, fecundity, AND survival at the global scale. Other search terms used were (Fascioliasis AND Temperature), (Lymnaea AND Temperature), (Austropeplea AND Temperature), (Fossaria AND Temperature), (Galba AND Temperature), (Pseudosuccinea AND Temperature), and (Radix AND Temperature). RESULTS The final synthesis included thirty-five published articles. The studies reviewed indicated that temperature rise may alter the distribution, and optimal conditions for breeding, growth, and survival of IHS, ultimately resulting in changing the transmission dynamics of fascioliasis. The literature also confirmed that the life history traits of IHS and their interaction with the liver fluke parasites are driven by temperature, and hence climate change may have profound outcomes on the population size of snails, parasite density, and disease epidemiology. CONCLUSION We concluded that understanding the impact of temperature on the growth, fecundity, and survival of IHS may broaden our knowledge of the possible effects of climate change and hence inform fascioliasis control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agrippa Dube
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chester Kalinda
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), Bill and Joyce Cummings Institute of Global Health, Kigali Heights, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Tawanda Manyangadze
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Geosciences Department, School Geosciences, Disaster and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science and Technology, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Tafadzwa Mindu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moses John Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor: Academic Affairs, Research and Innovation, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molaba GG, Molefe-Nyembe NI, Taioe OM, Mofokeng LS, Thekisoe OMM, Mtshali K. Molecular detection of Fasciola, Schistosoma and Paramphistomum species from freshwater snails occurring in Gauteng and Free State provinces, South Africa. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109978. [PMID: 37364501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Trematodiases are diseases caused by snail-borne trematode parasites that infect both animals and humans. Fascioliasis, schistosomiasis and paramphistomosis are some of these diseases and they affect millions of livestock, leading to significant economic losses. The aim of the study was to document freshwater snails occurring in selected study sites in the Free State and Gauteng provinces as well as identify and detect larval trematodes that they harbour. Samples were collected from a total of five study sites within two provinces of South Africa. Morphological features were used to identify snail species and were further confirmed genetically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The larval trematodes were also detected by PCR, PCR-Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism (PCR-RLFP), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 887 freshwater snails were collected from Free State (n = 343) and Gauteng (n = 544). Five different genera of snails as well as species in the Succineidae family were documented. The snails in descending order of abundance were identified as: Physa (P.) spp. (51%), Succineidae spp. (20%), Galba (G.) truncatula (12%), Pseudosuccinea (Ps.) columella (10%), Planorbella (Pl.) duryi (6%) and Bulinus (B.) truncatus (1%). Approximately 272 DNA pools were created for genetic identification of snails and detection of trematode parasites. Schistosoma species were not detected from any of the snail species. A total prevalence of 46% was obtained for Fasciola hepatica in the identified snail species across all study sites. Overall, the highest prevalence of F. hepatica was obtained in Physa species (24%), whilst the lowest was observed in B. truncatus snails (1%). Forty three percent (43%) of the snail samples were PCR positive for Paramphistomum DNA. This is the first report of P. mexicana in South Africa. Fasciola hepatica was confirmed from all obtained snail species per study site. This is the first reported detection of F. hepatica in Pl. duryi and P. mexicana snails as well as the first confirmation of natural infection from P. acuta in South Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gantshe G Molaba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Nthatisi I Molefe-Nyembe
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Oriel M Taioe
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors Entomology, Onderstepoort 0001, South Africa; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Lehlohonolo S Mofokeng
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel M M Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Khethiwe Mtshali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prastowo J, Priyowidodo D, Sahara A, Nurcahyo W, Nugraheni YR, Awaludin A. Molecular identification of cercaria Fasciola gigantica in lymnaeid snails in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100707. [PMID: 35431065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails play an essential role in transmitting fasciolosis as intermediate hosts. Therefore, this study aims to use the molecular method to identify liver fluke in lymnaeid snails. A total of 320 lymnaeid snails were collected from a rice field. The samples were dissected to collect cercaria and identified using polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was used as the target gene to identify the species of cercaria. The result showed that 3.75% (12/320) of the snails were infected by Fasciola gigantica, while the phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 showed that the cercaria in this study was monophyletic and similar to species from several countries in Southeast Asia, including China. Furthermore, the haplotype network showed that all four cercaria samples were similar with sequences from several countries. This study suggests that the F. gigantica cercaria isolated from lymnaeid snails in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, has a sequence similar to that of other species in Southeast Asian countries, although no hybrid type was detected in these sequences. This is the first report on the molecular identification of cercaria F. gigantica isolated from lymnaeid snails in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joko Prastowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no.2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Dwi Priyowidodo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no.2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ana Sahara
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no.2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wisnu Nurcahyo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no.2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna no.2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Aan Awaludin
- Livestock Production Study Program, Department of Animal Husbandry, Politeknik Negeri Jember, 68101, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alstedt U, Voigt K, Jäger MC, Knubben-Schweizer G, Zablotski Y, Strube C, Wenzel C. Rumen and Liver Fluke Infections in Sheep and Goats in Northern and Southern Germany. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070876. [PMID: 35405863 PMCID: PMC8997043 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Little is known about the distribution of rumen and liver flukes in sheep and goats in Germany or about the occurring rumen fluke species. These fluke infections can be detected by the parasite’s eggs in the host animal’s feces. Therefore, fecal samples from 223 sheep farms and 143 goat farms from northern and southern Germany were examined. The eggs of rumen flukes were detected on 2.2% of the samples, the eggs of common liver flukes on 2.7%, and the eggs of small liver flukes on 21.1% of the examined sheep farms. The rumen flukes were identified as the emerging species Calicophoron daubneyi. No rumen fluke eggs were detected on any of the goat farm samples, but common and small liver fluke eggs were detected in 5.6% and 7.0% of the goat herds, respectively. Differences in the geographical distribution of rumen and liver flukes between and within the two regions were identified. Rumen flukes were more frequently found in the north, while the two liver fluke species were more frequently found in the south of Germany. Sheep sharing the pasture with other ruminants were more likely to be infected with rumen flukes. Abstract Paramphistomidosis has recently been identified as an emerging parasitosis in Europe. This study estimated the prevalence of rumen flukes, Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, in small ruminants in Germany and identified occurring rumen fluke species and potential predictors for fluke infections. Pooled fecal samples from 223 sheep farms and 143 goat farms in northern and southern Germany were examined by the sedimentation technique, and molecular species identification was performed on rumen-fluke-positive samples. In sheep, a flock prevalence of 2.2% was detected for rumen flukes. Calicophoron daubneyi was identified on four of five positive farms, while species identification failed in one flock. No rumen fluke eggs were detected in the examined goat herds. F. hepatica eggs were detected in 2.7% of the sheep flocks, while the herd prevalence was 5.6% in goats. Higher prevalence values of 21.1% (sheep) and 7.0% (goats) were observed for D. dendriticum. Mixed grazing with other ruminants and previously identified infections with rumen flukes and/or F. hepatica were identified as predictors for paramphistomidosis. The distribution of the three trematode species followed a geographical pattern associated with conditions favoring the relevant intermediate hosts. C. daubneyi is an established parasite in German sheep at a currently low prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Alstedt
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (U.A.); (K.V.); (G.K.-S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Katja Voigt
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (U.A.); (K.V.); (G.K.-S.); (Y.Z.)
| | | | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (U.A.); (K.V.); (G.K.-S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (U.A.); (K.V.); (G.K.-S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Christoph Wenzel
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (U.A.); (K.V.); (G.K.-S.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roessler AS, Oehm AW, Knubben-Schweizer G, Groll A. A machine learning approach for modelling the occurrence of Galba truncatula as the major intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica in Switzerland. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105569. [PMID: 35042123 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica is an important parasitosis in both livestock and humans across the globe. Chronic infections in cattle are associated with considerable economic losses. As a prerequisite for an effective control and prevention of fasciolosis in cattle fine-scale predictive models on farm-level are needed. Since disease transmission will only occur where the mollusc intermediate host is present, the objective of our research was to develop a regression model that allows to predict the local presence or absence of Galba truncatula as principal intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica in Switzerland. By implementing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) a total amount of 70 variables were analysed for their potential influence on the likelihood πi of finding Galba truncatula at a certain site. Important site-specific features could be considered by selecting suitable modelling procedures. The statistical software R was used to conduct regression analysis, performing the grplasso and the glmmLasso method. The selection of parameters was based on 10-fold cross validation and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). This yielded a total number of 19 potential predictor variables for the grplasso and 13 variables for the glmmLasso model, which also included random effects. Nine variables appeared to be relevant predictors for the occurrence of Galba truncatula in both models. These included reed/humid area, spring water, water bodies within a 100 m radius, and trees/bushes as powerful positive predictors. High soil depth, temperatures frequently exceeding 30 °C in the year preceding the search for snails and temperatures below 0 °C especially in the second year before were identified to exert an adverse effect on the occurrence of Galba truncatula. Temperatures measured near ground level proved to be more powerful predictors than macroclimatic parameters. Precipitation values seemed to be of minor impact in the given setting. Both regression models may be convenient for a fine-scale prediction of the occurrence of Galba truncatula, and thus provide useful approaches for the development of future spatial transmission models, mapping the risk of fasciolosis in Switzerland on farm-level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Roessler
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas W Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Groll
- Work group Statistical Methods for Big Data, Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
We report 2 cases of human fascioliasis (HF) in Belgium, likely caused by consumption of vegetables from a garden that was flooded by pasture runoff. Because autochthonous HF is rare and the route of transmission was unusual, HF was not diagnosed until 6 months after symptom onset in both cases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcriptome profiling of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) for ecoimmunological research. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:144. [PMID: 33648459 PMCID: PMC7919325 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host immune function can contribute to numerous ecological/evolutionary processes. Ecoimmunological studies, however, typically use one/few phenotypic immune assays and thus do not consider the complexity of the immune system. Therefore, "omics" resources that allow quantifying immune activity across multiple pathways are needed for ecoimmunological models. We applied short-read based RNAseq (Illumina NextSeq 500, PE-81) to characterise transcriptome profiles of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda), a multipurpose model snail species. We used a genetically diverse snail stock and exposed individuals to immune elicitors (injury, bacterial/trematode pathogens) and changes in environmental conditions that can alter immune activity (temperature, food availability). RESULTS Immune defence factors identified in the de novo assembly covered elements broadly described in other gastropods. For instance, pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) and lectins activate Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway and cytokines that regulate cellular and humoral defences. Surprisingly, only modest diversity of antimicrobial peptides and fibrinogen related proteins were detected when compared with other taxa. Additionally, multiple defence factors that may contribute to the phenotypic immune assays used to quantify antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase (PO)/melanisation-type reaction in this species were found. Experimental treatments revealed factors from non-self recognition (lectins) and signalling (TLR pathway, cytokines) to effectors (e.g., antibacterial proteins, PO enzymes) whose transcription depended on immune stimuli and environmental conditions, as well as components of snail physiology/metabolism that may drive these effects. Interestingly, the transcription of many factors (e.g., PRR, lectins, cytokines, PO enzymes, antibacterial proteins) showed high among-individual variation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate several uniform aspects of gastropod immunity, but also apparent differences between L. stagnalis and some previously examined taxa. Interestingly, in addition to immune defence factors that responded to immune elicitors and changes in environmental conditions, many factors showed high among-individual variation across experimental snails. We propose that such factors are highly important to be included in future ecoimmunological studies because they may be the key determinants of differences in parasite resistance among individuals both within and between natural snail populations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mikaeel FB. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Goats and Sheep by Using ELISA in Sera and Milk in Duhok, Iraq. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v44i2.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An indirect ELISA technique was used to determine the prevalence of infection in sera and milk samples among goats and sheepin Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Results of the present study shows that the prevalence of infection was higher in sera compared to milk samples among goats and sheep as follow: (6.3, 4.2%) and (8.9, 5.6%) respectively and there was no statistical significance difference in goats at P value =0.42, also there was no statistically differences at P value= 0.22. ELISA results also shows that the prevalence according to the age among goats and sheep were higher in animal aged > 2 years in both sera and milk samples were (7.5, 5.3%) and (11.3, 7%) respectively and there was no significant difference between age groups of goats and sheep by ELISA. The present study is the first study done to determine the prevalence of F. hepatica in both sera and milk samples among local goats and sheep. Continuously screening of sheep and goats for Fascioliasis and using of anthelmintic to control the infection in small ruminants is necessary
Collapse
|
9
|
Celi-Erazo M, Alda P, Montenegro-Franco M, Pavon D, Minda-Aluisa E, Calvopiña M, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Cevallos W, Benítez-Ortíz W, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R. Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Galba cousini and Galba schirazensis from an Andean region of Ecuador. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100390. [PMID: 32448532 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some Lymnaeid snails are intermediate hosts of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, the causal agent of fasciolosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease. Human and livestock fasciolosis has been reported in a highland community located in the Chimborazo Province of the Ecuadorian Andes. However, no previous study has been carried out to identify which snail species act as intermediate host/s of F. hepatica. This study first aimed to identify the intermediate snail species and secondly to determine the prevalence of natural infection with F. hepatica in 230 lymnaeid snails sampled from irrigation and drainage canals in this area. The first objective entailed observations of shell morphology and internal organs as well as sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. For the second objective, we used classic parasitological methods (observation of rediae and cercarial emission) and PCR amplification specie-specific to F. hepatica. COI haplotype networks were built to elucidate phylogeographic relationships between the snail populations from this highland community with other American and worldwide populations. We identified two lymnaeid Galba cousini and Galba schirazensis and found high infection rates of F. hepatica in G. cousini, but these differed according to the method used, with PCR showing a higher rate (61 ± 20%) compared to rediae observation (29 ± 17%). F. hepatica in G. schirazensis was identified only by DNA amplification. G. cousini populations were genetically structured by geographic distance whereas G. schirazensis populations showed very low genetic diversity. The higher abundance and infection rate of G. cousini compared to G. schirazensis suggests that the former is likely the specie responsible for F. hepatica transmission in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pilar Alda
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan N°670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - María Montenegro-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Pavon
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth Minda-Aluisa
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- OneHealth Research Group, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, EC170125 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jean Pierre Pointier
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Cevallos
- Instituto de Biomedicina (CBM), Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170555 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Washington Benítez-Ortíz
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richar Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudadela Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
French AS, Zadoks RN, Skuce PJ, Mitchell G, Gordon-Gibbs DK, Taggart MA. Habitat and host factors associated with liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) diagnoses in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Scottish Highlands. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:535. [PMID: 31718680 PMCID: PMC6852960 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red deer (Cervus elaphus) are a common wild definitive host for liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) that have been the subject of limited diagnostic surveillance. This study aimed to explore the extent to which coprological diagnoses for F. hepatica in red deer in the Scottish Highlands, Scotland, are associated with variability among hosts and habitats. METHODS Our analyses were based on coproantigen ELISA diagnoses derived from faecal samples that were collected from carcasses of culled deer on nine hunting estates during two sampling seasons. Sampling locations were used as centroids about which circular home ranges were quantified. Data were stratified by season, and associations between host, hydrological, land cover and meteorological variables and binary diagnoses during 2013-2014 (n = 390) were explored by mixed effect logistic regression. The ability of our model to predict diagnoses relative to that which would be expected by chance was quantified, and data collected during 2012-2013 (n = 289) were used to assess model transferability. RESULTS During 2013-2014, habitat and host characteristics explained 28% of variation in diagnoses, whereby half of the explained variation was attributed to differences among estates. The probability of a positive diagnosis was positively associated with the length of streams in the immediate surroundings of each sampling location, but no non-zero relationships were found for land cover or lifetime average weather variables. Regardless of habitat, the probability of a positive diagnosis remained greatest for males, although males were always sampled earlier in the year than females. A slight decrease in prediction efficacy occurred when our model was used to predict diagnoses for out-of-sample data. CONCLUSIONS We are cautious to extrapolate our findings geographically, owing to a large proportion of variation attributable to overarching differences among estates. Nevertheless, the temporal transferability of our model is encouraging. While we did not identify any non-zero relationship between meteorological variables and probability of diagnosis, we attribute this (in part) to limitations of interpolated meteorological data. Further study into non-independent diagnoses within estates and differences among estates in terms of deer management, would improve our understanding of F. hepatica prevalence in wild deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S French
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK. .,Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland.
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Philip J Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | | | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Maggio LS, Tirloni L, Pinto AFM, Diedrich JK, Yates JR, Carmona C, Berasain P, da Silva Vaz I. A proteomic comparison of excretion/secretion products in Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) derived from Lymnaea viatrix or Pseudosuccinea columella. Exp Parasitol 2019; 201:11-20. [PMID: 31022392 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of parasitic infections are often tied to host behavior. Although most studies have investigated definitive hosts, intermediate hosts can also play a role in shaping the distribution and accumulation of parasites. This is particularly relevant in larval stages, where intermediate host's behavior could potentially interfere in the molecules secreted by the parasite into the next host during infection. To investigate this hypothesis, we used a proteomic approach to analyze excretion/secretion products (ESP) from Fasciola hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) derived from two intermediate host species, Lymnaea viatrix and Pseudosuccinea columella. The two analyzed proteomes showed differences in identity, abundance, and functional classification of the proteins. This observation could be due to differences in the biological cycle of the parasite in the host, environmental aspects, and/or host-dependent factors. Categories such as protein modification machinery, protease inhibitors, signal transduction, and cysteine-rich proteins showed different abundance between samples. More specifically, differences in abundance of individual proteins such as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, thioredoxin, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and Kunitz-type inhibitors were identified. Based on the differences identified between NEJ ESP samples, we can conclude that the intermediate host is a factor influencing the proteomic profile of ESP in F. hepatica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sánchez Di Maggio
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Antônio F M Pinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Berasain
- Unidad de Biología Parasitaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular detection of natural infection ofLymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columella(Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) withFasciola gigantica(Digenea: Fasciolidae) from two provinces of South Africa. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e38. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe main intermediate host ofFasciola giganticain sub-Saharan Africa isLymnaea(Radix)natalensis.Lymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columellais capable of transmitting bothF. giganticaandF. hepaticaand has been reported to be present in South Africa. To date, no natural infection withF. giganticahas been reported despite the wide distribution of the snail. The aim of this study was to confirm whetherL.(P.)columellawas transmittingF. giganticaand/orF. hepaticain selected locations of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.Lymnaea(Pseudosuccinea)columellasnails were collected from two locations in two provinces of South Africa and screened for cercariae shedding. This was followed by humanely sacrificing the screened snails, and whole tissue of each individual snail was homogenized and amplified using primers designed to amplify the ITS-1 region ofFasciolaspp. No cercariae were shed from the screened snails and molecular analysis showed that snails from the two locations were infected withF. gigantica. This study confirms natural infection ofL.(P.)columellawithF. giganticain South Africa, whereF. giganticaandF. hepaticahave already been reported to coexist. AlthoughL.(P.)columellais able to transmit the two species, surprisingly no infection withF. hepaticawas detected from the screened snails. The natural intermediate host ofF. giganticain southern Africa, including South Africa, isLymnaea(Radix)natalensisand comparative studies are needed to determine the competence of the two snail species in the transmission ofF. gigantica.
Collapse
|
13
|
Takeuchi-Storm N, Denwood M, Petersen HH, Enemark HL, Stensgaard AS, Sengupta ME, Beesley NJ, Hodgkinson J, Williams D, Thamsborg SM. Patterns of Fasciola hepatica infection in Danish dairy cattle: implications for on-farm control of the parasite based on different diagnostic methods. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:674. [PMID: 30594235 PMCID: PMC6310998 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine fasciolosis is an economically important livestock disease in Europe, and represents a particular challenge for organic farms, where cattle are grazed extensively and the use of anthelmintic is limited. A two-year longitudinal study was conducted on two conventional and two organic Danish dairy farms to examine the current temporal trend of F. hepatica infection on-farm, and to gather data of practical relevance for parasite control. Data were collected both at the herd and individual level using currently available diagnostic methods: a commercial serum antibody ELISA, a commercial copro-antigen ELISA, faecal egg counts, and monthly bulk tank milk (BTM) ELISA. The temporal patterns (animal age, farm-level temporal trends and seasonality) in the animal-level test results were analysed by generalised additive mixed models (GAMM). Results Patterns of infection differed substantially between the farms, due to different grazing management and anthelmintic use. However, animals were first infected at the age of 1.5–2 years (heifers), and most at-risk animals sero-converted in autumn, suggesting that summer infections in snails prevail in Denmark. Our results also suggest that the lifespan of the parasite could be over 2 years, as several cows showed signs of low grade infection even after several years of continuous indoor housing without access to freshly-cut grass. The serum antibody ELISA was able to detect infection first, whereas both copro-antigen ELISA and faecal egg counts tended to increase in the same animals at a later point. Decreasing BTM antibody levels were seen on the two farms that started anthelmintic treatment during the study. Conclusions While important differences between farms and over time were seen due to varying grazing management, anthelmintic treatment and climatic conditions, the young stock was consistently seen as the main high-risk group and at least one farm also had suspected transmission (re-infection) within the lactating herd. Careful interpretation of test results is necessary for older cows as they can show persistent infections several years after exposure has stopped. Rigorous treatment regimens can reduce BTM ELISA values, but further research is needed to develop a non-medicinal approach for sustainable management of bovine fasciolosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3248-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Takeuchi-Storm
- Research Group for Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Matthew Denwood
- Section for Animal Welfare and Disease Control, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi Huus Petersen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Research Group for Animal Health, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Mita Eva Sengupta
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicola Jane Beesley
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Diana Williams
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Research Group for Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beesley NJ, Caminade C, Charlier J, Flynn RJ, Hodgkinson JE, Martinez‐Moreno A, Martinez‐Valladares M, Perez J, Rinaldi L, Williams DJL. Fasciola and fasciolosis in ruminants in Europe: Identifying research needs. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:199-216. [PMID: 28984428 PMCID: PMC6190748 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite with a global distribution, which is responsible for considerable disease and production losses in a range of food producing species. It is also identified by WHO as a re-emerging neglected tropical disease associated with endemic and epidemic outbreaks of disease in human populations. In Europe, F. hepatica is mostly associated with disease in sheep, cattle and goats. This study reviews the most recent advances in our understanding of the transmission, diagnosis, epidemiology and the economic impact of fasciolosis. We also focus on the impact of the spread of resistance to anthelmintics used to control F. hepatica and consider how vaccines might be developed and applied in the context of the immune-modulation driven by the parasite. Several major research gaps are identified which, when addressed, will contribute to providing focussed and where possible, bespoke, advice for farmers on how to integrate stock management and diagnosis with vaccination and/or targeted treatment to more effectively control the parasite in the face of increasing the prevalence of infection and spread of anthelmintic resistance that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Beesley
- Institute of Infection and Global
HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - C. Caminade
- Institute of Infection and Global
HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Health Protection Research Unit in
Emerging and Zoonotic InfectionsUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - R. J. Flynn
- Institute of Infection and Global
HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - J. E. Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global
HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - J. Perez
- Universidad de CordobaCordobaSpain
| | - L. Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
and Animal ProductionsUniversity of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - D. J. L. Williams
- Institute of Infection and Global
HealthUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ribeiro VMA, Coaglio AL, Oliveira FLP, Pereira CADJ, Lima WDS. Dynamics of haemocytes from Pseudosuccinea columella circulating infected by Fasciola hepatica. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2017; 26:411-418. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The lymnaeids are important in the epidemiology of Fasciola hepatica, a neglected and endemic zoonosis. The interaction between the internal defense system of Pseudosuccinea columella and F. hepatica has been little studied. In the present study the effect of infection by F. hepatica on P. columella circulating haemocytes was investigated. Changes in the average number of total circulating haemocytes have been observed at 30 minutes post-infection and 1, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 50 days post-infection (dpi). Miracidia were observed head-foot and mantle at 30 minutes post-infection. Miracidia/Sporocysts in the mantle skirt 1 dpi, and fully formed sporocysts were observed in the head-foot at 7 dpi. Rediae became evident at 10 dpi and were located between the haemocoel and the muscles from 14 dpi; 50 dpi, the rediae in the digestive gland contained cercariae. The statistical analysis of the total haemocytes of P. columella infected by F. hepatica showed significant differences on the 30 minutes post-infection and 1, 14, 21, and 28 dpi in comparison to uninfected molluscs (0 dpi). Therefore, the interference observed on the internal defence system of P. columella may have direct association with the development of F. hepatica.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee JH, Quan JH, Choi IW, Park GM, Cha GH, Kim HJ, Yuk JM, Lee YH. Fasciola hepatica: Infection Status of Freshwater Snails Collected from Gangwon-do (Province), Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:95-98. [PMID: 28285514 PMCID: PMC5365265 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis, mainly in cattle and sheep, and occasionally in humans. Few recent studies have determined the infection status of this fluke in Korea. In August 2015, we collected 402 samples of freshwater snails at Hoenggye-ri (upper stream) and Suha-ri (lower stream) of Song-cheon (stream) in Daegwalnyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun in Gangwon-do (Province) near many large cattle or sheep farms. F. hepatica infection was determined using PCR on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 402 samples, F. hepatica 1TS-2 marker was detected in 6 freshwater snails; thus, the overall prevalence in freshwater snails was 1.5%. The prevalence varied between collection areas, ranging from 0.0% at Hoenggye-ri to 2.9% at Suha-ri. However, F. gigantica ITS-2 was not detected in the 6 F. hepatica-positive samples by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the 6 F. hepatica ITS-2 PCR-positive samples were 99.4% identical to the F. hepatica ITS-2 sequences in GenBank, whereas they were 98.4% similar to F. gigantica ITS-2 sequences. These results indicated that the prevalence of F. hepatica in snail intermediate hosts was 1.5% in Gangwon-do, Korea; however the prevalence varied between collection areas. These results may help us to understand F. hepatica infection status in natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University Graduate School, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Juan-Hua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524-001, Guangdong, China
| | - In-Wook Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Gab-Man Park
- Department of Parasitology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Multiplex PCR assay for discrimination of Centrocestus caninus and Stellantchasmus falcatus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
18
|
Beesley NJ, Williams DJL, Paterson S, Hodgkinson J. Fasciola hepatica demonstrates high levels of genetic diversity, a lack of population structure and high gene flow: possible implications for drug resistance. Int J Parasitol 2016; 47:11-20. [PMID: 27940066 PMCID: PMC5264428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-fertilisation does occur but is rare in field populations of Fasciola hepatica. Some hosts harboured genotypically identical parasites (clones). The presence of clones is consistent with clonal expansion and clumped transmission. 84% of 1579 F. hepatica had unique genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity. We found high gene flow, no population structure and low self-fertilisation rate.
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a trematode parasite of considerable economic importance to the livestock industry and is a re-emerging zoonosis that poses a risk to human health in F. hepatica-endemic areas worldwide. Drug resistance is a substantial threat to the current and future control of F. hepatica, yet little is known about how the biology of the parasite influences the development and spread of resistance. Given that F. hepatica can self-fertilise and therefore inbreed, there is the potential for greater population differentiation and an increased likelihood of recessive alleles, such as drug resistance genes, coming together. This could be compounded by clonal expansion within the snail intermediate host and aggregation of parasites of the same genotype on pasture. Alternatively, widespread movement of animals that typically occurs in the UK could promote high levels of gene flow and prevent population differentiation. We identified clonal parasites with identical multilocus genotypes in 61% of hosts. Despite this, 84% of 1579 adult parasites had unique multilocus genotypes, which supports high levels of genotypic diversity within F. hepatica populations. Our analyses indicate a selfing rate no greater than 2%, suggesting that this diversity is in part due to the propensity for F. hepatica to cross-fertilise. Finally, although we identified high genetic diversity within a given host, there was little evidence for differentiation between populations from different hosts, indicating a single panmictic population. This implies that, once those emerge, anthelmintic resistance genes have the potential to spread rapidly through liver fluke populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Beesley
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Diana J L Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Veterinary Parasitology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Igbinosa IB, Isaac C, Adamu HO, Adeleke G. Parasites of edible land snails in Edo State, Nigeria. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Land snails are sources of protein to man and are hosts to a number of parasites. It is imperative that the roles of the snail hosts and parasites are clearly defined. Before then however, the parasites of the different land snails collected in any locality should be identified. Land snails were collected in the wild in both dry and wet seasons. The internal organs and the faeces were examined for the presence of parasite. In the rainy season of 2015, a total of 272 snails were collected across four major towns (Benin, Uromi, Ekpoma and Auchi) in Edo State, Nigeria, while in the dry season, fewer snails (n=91) were handpicked. The snail species seen are: Achatina achatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Achatina fulica (Férussac, 1821), Acharchatina marginata (Swainson, 1982), Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839), L. flammea (Müller, 1774) and Limicolariopsis spp. The larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were isolated from the various snail species with overall prevalence of 54.04 %. Snails positive with Alaria mesocercariae were L. aurora, L. flammea and Limicolariopsis spp. Additionally, few L. flammea were positive of the cercariae of Drocoelium dedriticum. Meanwhile, some samples of A. fulica harboured larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonesis, sporocysts of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, these edible snails could pose serious health hazard to man and animals by serving as a possible alternative parasite transmission route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. B. Igbinosa
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
| | - C. Isaac
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
| | - H. O. Adamu
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
| | - G. Adeleke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Georgieva K, Georgieva L, Mizinska-Boevska Y, Stoitsova SR. Study of surface carbohydrates in Galba truncatula tissues before and after infection with Fasciola hepatica. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:475-83. [PMID: 27384082 PMCID: PMC4957501 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and distribution of surface carbohydrates in the tissues of Galba truncatula snails uninfected or after infection with Fasciola hepatica as well as on the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of the parasite were studied by lectin labelling assay. This is an attempt to find similarities that indicate possible mimicry, utilised by the parasite as an evasion strategy in this snail-trematode system. Different binding patterns were identified on head-foot-mantle, hepatopancreas, genital glands, renopericardial complex of the host as well as of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The infection with F. hepatica leads to changes of labelling with Glycine max in the head-mantle cells and Arachis hypogaea in the tubular epithelium of the hepatopancreas. The lectin binding on the other snail tissues is not changed by the development of the larvae. Our data clearly demonstrated the similarity in labelling of G. truncatula tissues and the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The role of glycosylation of the contact surfaces of both organisms in relation to the host-parasite interactions is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katya Georgieva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya Georgieva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Mizinska-Boevska
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perez-C JE, Giraldo-Pinzon EJ, Aguilar-Marín S. First Report of Human Fascioliasis in an Endemic Region of Bovine Fascioliasis in Caldas-Colombia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:377-81. [PMID: 27045315 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis causes significant economic losses to the cattle industry and is considered a reemerging zoonosis. In Caldas-Colombia, an increase of bovine fascioliasis was detected at the Manizales Municipal Slaughterhouse, which is a potential risk to public health. The ecoepidemiology of human fascioliasis was analyzed in a region of bovine fascioliasis in Caldas-Colombia. The risk factors were studied. Samples were taken from 111 people who were directly related to the bovine milk production process. The immunoglobulin G frequency of Fasciola hepatica was determined in serum. A seriate stool test and a molecular analysis were conducted on those with positive results to look for parasite eggs and DNA, respectively. 6.3% of the samples were positive for the presence of antibodies; none was positive for the presence of eggs, while two samples showed a weak amplification band of the 124-bp DNA fragment of F. hepatica. Fifty-seven percent of the positive samples came from places located at 2026 meters above sea level (masl); 71% of people testing positive had been recently dewormed. Also, 86% had been in contact with cattle and handled grass and excrement. They eat salads and drink untreated water from the springs or ravines of the area. An outbreak of human fascioliasis was detected in Caldas, associated with risk factors for the disease. Clinical trials to confirm the presence of the parasite and implement public health control measures are required.
Collapse
|
22
|
Alba A, Vázquez AA, Sánchez J, Fraga J, Hernández H, Martínez E, Marcet R, Figueredo M, Sarracent J. Assessment of the FasciMol-ELISA in the detection of the trematode Fasciola hepatica in field-collected Galba cubensis: a novel tool for the malacological survey of fasciolosis transmission. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26775291 PMCID: PMC4715296 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciolosis is one of the food-borne neglected trematodioses that has reemerged as a human disease while its effects on domestic animal health remains of significant economic consideration. Being snail-borne disease, the accurate and time-saving epidemiological surveillance of the transmission foci where infected lymnaeid snails occur could be essential to effectively focus or redirect control strategies. For this purpose, the first monoclonal antibody-based immunoenzymatic assay to detect Fasciola hepatica-infected snails (FasciMol-ELISA) was recently developed and showed a high sensitivity and specificity when tested in an experimental F. hepatica – Galba cubensis system. Methods Here, we surveyed populations of G. cubensis occurring in western Cuba for the assessment of the FasciMol-ELISA in determining natural F. hepatica infection in this intermediate host. A multiplex PCR, previously developed to detect F. hepatica in G. cubensis, was used for sample classification. Snail dissection method was also employed as screening technique. A Χ2 test and a Kappa index were calculated to evaluate the positivity and the level of agreement between the FasciMol-ELISA and the snail dissection methods with the multiplex PCR, respectively. Results Galba cubensis was found in nine out of 12 sampled localities of which four were positive for F. hepatica infection as detected by both immunoenzymatic and PCR-based assays. The overall prevalence was higher than the natural infection rates previously reported for Cuban G. cubensis (range from 4.1 to 7.42 % depending on the screening method). No significant differences were found between FasciMol-ELISA and multiplex PCR when determining parasite positivity (Χ2 = 6.283; P = 0.0981) whereas an excellent agreement was also noted (Kappa = 0.8224). Conclusions Our results demonstrate the importance of malacological surveys in assessing parasite transmission risk and constitute an alert on the need of accurate measures to control fasciolosis in western Cuba. The sensitivity and specificity of the FasciMol-ELISA as well as its time-saving capacity and the easy of performing the determination of a large number of samples, point at this assay as a novel tool suitable for large-scale monitoring of natural snails populations. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores natural infection by F. hepatica in field-occurring lymnaeid snails using an immunoenzymatic assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies and Biological Models, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Antonio A Vázquez
- Laboratory of Malacology, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Laboratory of Malacology, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge Fraga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Hilda Hernández
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies and Biological Models, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Elizabeth Martínez
- Laboratory of Malacology, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ricardo Marcet
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies and Biological Models, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Mabel Figueredo
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies and Biological Models, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge Sarracent
- Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibodies and Biological Models, Parasitology Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kantanen J, Løvendahl P, Strandberg E, Eythorsdottir E, Li MH, Kettunen-Præbel A, Berg P, Meuwissen T. Utilization of farm animal genetic resources in a changing agro-ecological environment in the Nordic countries. Front Genet 2015; 6:52. [PMID: 25767477 PMCID: PMC4341116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock production is the most important component of northern European agriculture and contributes to and will be affected by climate change. Nevertheless, the role of farm animal genetic resources in the adaptation to new agro-ecological conditions and mitigation of animal production’s effects on climate change has been inadequately discussed despite there being several important associations between animal genetic resources and climate change issues. The sustainability of animal production systems and future food security require access to a wide diversity of animal genetic resources. There are several genetic questions that should be considered in strategies promoting adaptation to climate change and mitigation of environmental effects of livestock production. For example, it may become important to choose among breeds and even among farm animal species according to their suitability to a future with altered production systems. Some animals with useful phenotypes and genotypes may be more useful than others in the changing environment. Robust animal breeds with the potential to adapt to new agro-ecological conditions and tolerate new diseases will be needed. The key issue in mitigation of harmful greenhouse gas effects induced by livestock production is the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants. There are differences in CH4 emissions among breeds and among individual animals within breeds that suggest a potential for improvement in the trait through genetic selection. Characterization of breeds and individuals with modern genomic tools should be applied to identify breeds that have genetically adapted to marginal conditions and to get critical information for breeding and conservation programs for farm animal genetic resources. We conclude that phenotyping and genomic technologies and adoption of new breeding approaches, such as genomic selection introgression, will promote breeding for useful characters in livestock species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Kantanen
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland , Jokioinen, Finland ; Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Løvendahl
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Tjele, Denmark
| | - Erling Strandberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Eythorsdottir
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland , Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland , Jokioinen, Finland ; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | | | - Peer Berg
- NordGen - Nordic Genetic Resource Center , Aas, Norway
| | - Theo Meuwissen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Aas, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Selstad Utaaker K, Robertson LJ. Climate change and foodborne transmission of parasites: A consideration of possible interactions and impacts for selected parasites. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Adema CM, Loker ES. Digenean-gastropod host associations inform on aspects of specific immunity in snails. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:275-83. [PMID: 25034871 PMCID: PMC4258543 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastropod immunology is informed importantly by the study of the frequent encounters snails endure with digeneans (digenetic trematodes). One of the hallmarks of gastropod-digenean associations is their specificity: any particular digenean parasite species is transmitted by a limited subset of snail taxa. We discuss the nature of this specificity, including its immunological basis. We then review studies of the model gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata indicating that the baseline responses of snails to digeneans can be elevated in a specific manner. Studies incorporating molecular and functional approaches are then highlighted, and are further suggestive of the capacity for specific gastropod immune responses. These studies have led to the compatibility polymorphism hypothesis: the interactions between diversified fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) and diverse carbohydrate-decorated polymorphic parasite antigens determine recognition and trigger specific immunity. Complex glycan structures are also likely to play a role in the host specificity typifying snail-digenean interactions. We conclude by noting the dynamic and consequential interactions between snails and digeneans can be considered as drivers of diversification of digenean parasites and in the development and maintenance of specific immunity in gastropods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - E S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim HY, Choi IW, Kim YR, Quan JH, Ismail HAHA, Cha GH, Hong SJ, Lee YH. Fasciola hepatica in snails collected from water-dropwort fields using PCR. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:645-52. [PMID: 25548416 PMCID: PMC4277027 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis mainly in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Fascioliasis has been reported in Korea; however, determining F. hepatica infection in snails has not been done recently. Thus, using PCR, we evaluated the prevalence of F. hepatica infection in snails at 4 large water-dropwort fields. Among 349 examined snails, F. hepatica-specific internal transcribed space 1 (ITS-1) and/or ITS-2 markers were detected in 12 snails and confirmed using sequence analysis. Morphologically, 213 of 349 collected snails were dextral shelled, which is the same aperture as the lymnaeid snail, the vectorial host for F. hepatica. Among the 12 F. hepatica-infected snails, 6 were known first intermediate hosts in Korea (Lymnaea viridis and L. ollula) and the remaining 6 (Lymnaea sp.) were potentially a new first intermediate host in Korea. It has been shown that the overall prevalence of the snails contaminated with F. hepatica in water-dropwort fields was 3.4%; however, the prevalence varied among the fields. This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of F. hepatica infection using the vectorial capacity of the snails in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - In-Wook Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-131, Korea
| | - Yeon-Rok Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Juan-Hua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524-001, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-131, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-131, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Charlier J, Soenen K, De Roeck E, Hantson W, Ducheyne E, Van Coillie F, De Wulf R, Hendrickx G, Vercruysse J. Longitudinal study on the temporal and micro-spatial distribution of Galba truncatula in four farms in Belgium as a base for small-scale risk mapping of Fasciola hepatica. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:528. [PMID: 25425397 PMCID: PMC4247775 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The trematode parasite Fasciola hepatica causes important economic losses in ruminants worldwide. Current spatial distribution models do not provide sufficient detail to support farm-specific control strategies. A technology to reliably assess the spatial distribution of intermediate host snail habitats on farms would be a major step forward to this respect. The aim of this study was to conduct a longitudinal field survey in Flanders (Belgium) to (i) characterise suitable small water bodies (SWB) for Galba truncatula and (ii) describe the population dynamics of G. truncatula. Methods Four F. hepatica-infected farms from two distinct agricultural regions were examined for the abundance of G. truncatula from the beginning (April 2012) until the end (November 2012) of the grazing season. Per farm, 12 to 18 SWB were selected for monthly examination, using a 10 m transect analysis. Observations on G. truncatula abundance were coupled with meteorological and (micro-)environmental factors and the within-herd prevalence of F. hepatica using simple comparison or negative binomial regression models. Results A total of 54 examined SWB were classified as a pond, ditch, trench, furrow or moist area. G. truncatula abundance was significantly associated with SWB-type, region and total monthly precipitation, but not with monthly temperature. The clear differences in G. truncatula abundance between the 2 studied regions did not result in comparable differences in F. hepatica prevalence in the cattle. Exploration of the relationship of G. truncatula abundance with (micro)-environmental variables revealed a positive association with soil and water pH and the occurrence of Ranunculus sp. and a negative association with mowed pastures, water temperature and presence of reed-like plant species. Conclusions Farm-level predictions of G. truncatula risk and subsequent risk for F. hepatica occurrence would require a rainfall, soil type (representing the agricultural region) and SWB layer in a geographic information system. While rainfall and soil type information is easily accessible, the recent advances in very high spatial resolution cameras carried on board of satellites, planes or drones should allow the delineation of SWBs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Charlier
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Karen Soenen
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Els De Roeck
- Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | | | - Els Ducheyne
- Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, 2980, Zoersel, Belgium.
| | - Frieke Van Coillie
- Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Robert De Wulf
- Laboratory of Forest Management and Spatial Information Techniques, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | | | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rondelaud D, Titi A, Vignoles P, Mekroud A, Dreyfuss G. Adaptation of Lymnaea fuscus and Radix balthica to Fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:296. [PMID: 24986589 PMCID: PMC4090179 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection (>70%) was noted during several outbreaks before the 2000s in several French farms where Galba truncatula is lacking. Other lymnaeids such as Lymnaea fuscus, L. glabra and/or Radix balthica are living in meadows around these farms but only juvenile snails can sustain complete larval development of F. hepatica while older snails were resistant. The low prevalence of infection (<20%) and limited cercarial production (<50 cercariae per infected snail) noted with these juveniles could not explain the high values noted in these cattle herds. As paramphistomosis due to Calicophoron daubneyi was not still noted in these farms, the existence of another mode of infection was hypothesized. Experimental infection of several successive generations of L. glabra, originating from eggs laid by their parents already infected with this parasite resulted in a progressive increase in prevalence of snail infection and the number of shed cercariae. The aim of this paper was to determine if this mode of snail infection was specific to L. glabra, or it might occur in other lymnaeid species such as L. fuscus and R. balthica. METHODS Five successive generations of L. fuscus and R. balthica were subjected to individual bimiracidial infections in the laboratory. Resulting rediae and cercariae in the first four generations were counted after snail dissection at day 50 p.e. (20°C), while the dynamics of cercarial shedding was followed in the F5 generation. RESULTS In the first experiment, prevalence and intensity of F. hepatica infection in snails progressively increased from the F1 (R. balthica) or F2 (L. fuscus) generation. In the second experiment, the prevalence of F. hepatica infection and the number of shed cercariae were significantly lower in L. fuscus and R. balthica (without significant differences between both lymnaeids) than in G. truncatula. CONCLUSION The F. hepatica infection of several successive snail generations, coming from parents infected with this parasite, resulted in a progressive increase in prevalence and intensity of snail infection. This may explain high prevalence of fasciolosis noted in several cattle-breeding farms when the common snail host of this digenean, G. truncatula, is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rondelaud
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Amal Titi
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Philippe Vignoles
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Gilles Dreyfuss
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges 87025, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Born-Torrijos A, Poulin R, Raga JA, Holzer AS. Estimating trematode prevalence in snail hosts using a single-step duplex PCR: how badly does cercarial shedding underestimate infection rates? Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:243. [PMID: 24884978 PMCID: PMC4068961 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trematode communities often consist of different species exploiting the same host population, with two or more trematodes sometimes co-occuring in the same host. A commonly used diagnostic method to detect larval trematode infections in snails has been based on cercarial shedding, though it is often criticized as inaccurate. In the present study we compare infection prevalences determined by cercarial emission with those determined, for the first time, by molecular methods, allowing us to quantify the underestimation of single and double infections based on cercarial emission. We thus developed a duplex PCR for two host-parasite systems, to specifically differentiate between single and double infections. The Ebro samples include two morphologically similar opecoelids, whereas the Otago samples include two morphologically different larval trematodes. Methods Snails were screened for infections by incubating them individually to induce cercarial emission, thus determining infection following the “classical” detection method. Snail tissue was then removed and fixed for the duplex PCR. After obtaining ITS rDNA sequences, four species-specific primers were designed for each snail-trematode system, and duplex PCR prevalence was determined for each sample. Results from both methods were statistically compared using the McNemar’s Chi-squared test and Cohen’s Kappa Statistic for agreement between outcomes. Results Overall infection prevalences determined by duplex PCR were consistently and substantially higher than those based on cercarial shedding: among Ebro samples, between 17.9% and 60.1% more snails were found infected using the molecular method, whereas in the Otago samples, the difference was between 9.9% and 20.6%. Kappa values generally indicated a fair to substantial agreement between both detection methods, showing a lower agreement for the Ebro samples. Conclusions We demonstrate that molecular detection of single and double infections by duplex PCR strongly outcompetes the classical method. Detection failure is most likely due to immature and covert infections, however, the higher incidence of misidentified double infections in the Ebro samples arises from morphological similarity of closely-related species. The higher accuracy of the duplex PCR method also adds to our understanding of community structure of larval trematodes in snail hosts, by providing a clearer assessment of the importance of interspecific interactions within the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Born-Torrijos
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22 085, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|