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Xu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of CD44: unveiling the role of hyaluronic acid-mediated interactions in cancer drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2849-2876. [PMID: 37991544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of CD44 (CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)), a cell surface glycoprotein, and its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) in drug resistance mechanisms across various types of cancer is provided, where CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was utilized to silence CD44 expression and examine its impact on cancer cell behavior, migration, invasion, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. The significance of the HA-CD44 axis in tumor microenvironment (TME) delivery and its implications in specific cancer types, the influence of CD44 variants and the KHDRBS3 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3) gene on cancer progression and drug resistance, and the potential of targeting HA-mediated pathways using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to overcome drug resistance in cancer were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Xu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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2
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Kielbik M, Przygodzka P, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Snail transcription factors as key regulators of chemoresistance, stemness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189003. [PMID: 37863122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies among women. The reason for this outcome is the frequent acquisition of cancer cell resistance to platinum-based drugs and unresponsiveness to standard therapy. It has been increasingly recognized that the ability of ovarian cancer cells to adopt more aggressive behavior (mainly through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT), as well as dedifferentiation into cancer stem cells, significantly affects drug resistance acquisition. Transcription factors in the Snail family have been implicated in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and metastasis. In this article, we summarize published data that reveal Snail proteins not only as key inducers of the EMT in ovarian cancer but also as crucial links between the acquisition of ovarian cancer stem properties and spheroid formation. These Snail-related characteristics significantly affect the ovarian cancer cell response to treatment and are related to the acquisition of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Varea-Martínez M, García-Valero E, López-Reig R, Romero I, Machado I, Gómez-Ferrer Á, Aliaga J, Claramunt-Alonso R, Fernández-Serra A, Marenco-Jiménez JL, García-Casado Z, López-Guerrero JA. A shared origin from a common ancestor: A case report of two histologically different tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154648. [PMID: 37399588 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The origin of tumors has been under discussion over the years. Different theories have been suggested to explain this phenomenon. Among them, the Cancer-Stem Cells model, is one of the most outstanding. In this study, we reported a case of a 72-year-old man who presented two histologically different tumors with a 7-years gap, a Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma and a Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma, that share some molecular features. Phonotypical differences were showed and confirmed at histological and IHC levels. Molecular analysis showed an HPV infection in the carcinoma. Additionally, sequencing results revealed common (CDKN2A and TERT) and exclusive (FBXW7 and TP53) genetic alterations in both tumors (Table 1). The possible germline origin of common mutations was discarded after negative germline testing. Here we describe, for the first time a clinical case of a possible origin of two histologically different tumors from a common ancestor based on molecular data. Even if different hypothesis appear as possible, the Cancer Stem Cell-based model appears as the most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varea-Martínez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva García-Valero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel López-Reig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; Joint IVO-CIPF Cancer Research Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isidro Machado
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jessica Aliaga
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández-Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; Joint IVO-CIPF Cancer Research Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; Joint IVO-CIPF Cancer Research Unit, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Shnaider PV, Petrushanko IY, Aleshikova OI, Babaeva NA, Ashrafyan LA, Borovkova EI, Dobrokhotova JE, Borovkov IM, Shender VO, Khomyakova E. Expression level of CD117 (KIT) on ovarian cancer extracellular vesicles correlates with tumor aggressiveness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1057484. [PMID: 36875773 PMCID: PMC9978408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1057484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known to be the most lethal malignancy among all gynecological cancers affecting a large number of women worldwide. The treatment of ovarian cancer is challenging due to the high recurrence rate of the disease and is further complicated by acquired chemoresistance. Most ovarian cancer deaths are the result of the metastatic spread of drug-resistant cells. The theory of cancer stem cells (CSC) suggests that both tumor initiation and progression are driven by a population of undifferentiated capable of self-renewal, tumor initiation and development of chemoresistance. The CD117 mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (KIT) is the most commonly used marker for ovarian CSCs. Here, we analyze the correlation between CD117 expression and histological tumor type in ovarian cancer cell lines (SK-OV-3 and MES-OV) and in small/medium extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the urine of ovarian cancer patients. We have demonstrated that the abundance of CD117 on cells and EVs is correlated with tumor grade and therapy resistance status. Moreover, using small EVs isolated from ovarian cancer ascites, it was shown that recurrent disease is characterized by a much higher abundance of CD117 on EVs than primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V Shnaider
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Aleshikova
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Babaeva
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev A Ashrafyan
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Borovkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia E Dobrokhotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan M Borovkov
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria O Shender
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Ryan AL, Northcote-Smith J, McKeon A, Roe A, O'Dowd P, Twamley B, Ní Chonghaile T, Suntharalingam K, Griffith DM. A trans-Pt(II) hedgehog pathway inhibitor complex with cytotoxicity towards breast cancer stem cells and triple negative breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18127-18135. [PMID: 36382541 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02865d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a Pt complex of GANT61, a hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor is reported. Reaction of cis-[Pt(II)Cl2(dmso)2] with one equivalent of 4-pyridine carboxaldehyde (4-PCA, control ligand) or one equivalent of GANT61 (Hh pathway inhibitor) in acetone at rt for 30 minutes afforded trans-[Pt(II)Cl2(dmso)(4-PCA)] (1) and trans-[Pt(II)Cl2(dmso)(GANT61)] (2) respectively, where 4-PCA and GANT61 are N-donor ligands. The structures of 1 and 2 were fully characterised by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. 1 and 2 undergo isomerisation from trans- to cis-in solution and therefore the biological activity of 2 is also associated with the cis-configuration. The in vitro cytotoxicity data show that 2 is a potent inhibitor of the growth of breast CSC-depleted HMLER and breast CSC-enriched HMLER-shEcad cells. Furthermore 2 markedly reduced the size and viability and significantly reduced the number of CSC-enriched HMLER-shEcad mammospheres formed. 2 also induced apoptosis with low micromolar IC50 values against two triple negative breast cancer lines, MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) and BT549. 2, which possesses the Hh pathway inhibitor GANT61 as an N donor ligand exhibits far superior anti-CSC activity including in the CSC-enriched mammosphere model and activity against TNBC cells as compared to its control analogue, the trans-Pt(II) 4-PCA complex 1. The trans-Pt GANT61 complex 2 has also been shown to cause DNA damage and inhibit the Hh pathway at the level of GLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling L Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SSPC, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Ireland
| | | | - Aoife McKeon
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Andrew Roe
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul O'Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SSPC, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Triona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Darren M Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,SSPC, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Ireland
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6
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Hu H, Ma T, Liu N, Hong H, Yu L, Lyu D, Meng X, Wang B, Jiang X. Immunotherapy checkpoints in ovarian cancer vasculogenic mimicry: Tumor immune microenvironments, and drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109116. [PMID: 35969899 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a vessel-like structure independent of endothelial cells, commonly exists in solid tumors which requires blood vessels to grow. As a special source of blood supply for tumor progression to a more aggressive state, VM has been observed in a variety of human malignant tumors and is tightly associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and poor patient prognosis. So far, various factors, including immune cells and cytokines, were reported to regulate ovarian cancer progression by influencing VM formation. Herein, we review the mechanisms that regulate VM formation in ovarian cancer and the effect of cells, cytokines, and signaling molecules in the tumor microenvironment on VM formation, Furthermore, we summarize the current clinical application of drugs targeting VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Hu
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Nanqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Lujiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Dantong Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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7
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Xiao Z, Northcote-Smith J, Johnson A, Singh K, Suntharalingam K. The Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Group 10‐Azadiphosphine Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Johnson
- Sheffield Hallam University Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kuldip Singh
- University of Leicester Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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8
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Saburi A, Kahrizi MS, Naghsh N, Etemadi H, İlhan A, Adili A, Ghoreishizadeh S, Tamjidifar R, Akbari M, Ercan G. A comprehensive survey into the role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer chemoresistance; an updated overview. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:81. [PMID: 35799305 PMCID: PMC9264529 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), a frequent malignant tumor that affects women, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in this group of individuals. For the treatment of ovarian cancer, systemic chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs or taxanes is the first-line option. However, drug resistance developed over time during chemotherapy medications worsens the situation. Since uncertainty exists for the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer, there is a need to investigate and overcome this problem. miRNAs are engaged in various signaling pathways that contribute to the chemotherapeutic resistance of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we have tried to shed light on the mechanisms by which microRNAs contribute to the drug resistance of ovarian cancer and the use of some microRNAs to combat this chemoresistance, leading to the worse outcome of ovarian cancer patients treated with systemic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saburi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
| | | | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hasti Etemadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Ahmet İlhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gülinnaz Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35100 Turkey
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9
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Wei J, Zheng X, Li W, Li X, Fu Z. Sestrin2 reduces cancer stemness via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35148781 PMCID: PMC8840770 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women in China. In previous studies, Sestrin2 was demonstrated to have functions in CRC. However, the relationship between Sestrin2 and cancer stemness has not been reported. Methods and results To investigate the contribution of Sestrin2 in CRC, we performed bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and found that Sestrin2 was downregulated in CRC. Using a lentivirus vector, we verified that Sestrin2 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Furthermore, sphere formation, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis verified the influence of Sestrin2 on cancer stemness, including the expression of cluster of differentiation 44, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-Box 2, CXC chemokine receptor 4, and the Wnt pathway downstream factors β-catenin and c-Myc. Consistently, the Wnt pathway activator BML-284 partially rescued the effects of Sestrin2 on the expression of proteins related to cancer stemness. Furthermore, in a mouse xenoplant model, tumors expressing Sestrin2 were significantly reduced in size with corresponding changes in cancer stemness. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that Sestrin2 inhibits CRC cell progression by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, Sestrin2 may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangru Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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10
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Deshmukh AP, den Hollander P, Kuburich NA, Vasaikar S, Joseph R, Mani SA. Enrichment of Cancer Stem Cells in a Tumorsphere Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:501-507. [PMID: 35507184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of self-renewing cancer cells that are present within tumors. CSCs possess tumor initiation potential as well as the ability to resist toxic compounds and chemotherapeutic agents through the upregulation of drug efflux transporters, DNA repair pathways, and survival cascades. Accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs are responsible for tumor relapse and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and that targeting CSCs is critical to inhibition of cancer progression. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs is important in studying tumor initiation and progression. In this chapter, we provide a detailed method for the identification and isolation of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet P Deshmukh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nick A Kuburich
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Xiao Z, Johnson A, Singh K, Suntharalingam K. The Discrete Breast Cancer Stem Cell Mammosphere Activity of Group 10‐Bis(azadiphosphine) Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xiao
- School of Chemistry University of Leicester Leicester UK
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Alice Johnson
- School of Chemistry University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry University of Leicester Leicester UK
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12
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Xiao Z, Johnson A, Singh K, Suntharalingam K. The Discrete Breast Cancer Stem Cell Mammosphere Activity of Group 10-Bis(azadiphosphine) Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6704-6709. [PMID: 33274606 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the anti-breast cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of a series of Group 10-bis(azadiphosphine) complexes 1-3 under exclusively three-dimensional cell culture conditions. The breast CSC mammosphere potency of 1-3 is dependent on the Group 10 metal present, increasing in the following order: 1 (nickel complex) <2 (palladium complex) <3 (platinum complex). Notably, 3 reduces the formation and size of mammospheres to a greater extent than salinomycin, an established CSC-active compound, or any reported anti-CSC metal complex tested under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the most effective complexes 2 and 3 readily penetrate CSC mammospheres, enter CSC nuclei, induce genomic DNA damage, and trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically probe the anti-CSC activity of a series of structurally related Group 10 complexes and to be conducted entirely using three-dimensional CSC culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xiao
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Alice Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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13
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De Donato M, Babini G, Mozzetti S, Buttarelli M, Ciucci A, Arduini G, De Rosa MC, Scambia G, Gallo D. KLF7: a new candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:265. [PMID: 33250051 PMCID: PMC7702713 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of great progress in the surgical and clinical management, until now no significant improvement in overall survival of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) patients has been achieved. Important aspects for disease control remain unresolved, including unclear pathogenesis, high heterogeneity and relapse resistance after chemotherapy. Therefore, further research on molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression are needed to find new targets for disease management. The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcriptional regulators controlling several basic cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and migration. They have been shown to play a role in various cancer-relevant processes, in a context-dependent way. METHODS To investigate a possible role of KLF family members as prognostic biomarkers, we carried out a bioinformatic meta-analysis of ovarian transcriptome datasets in different cohorts of late-stage HGSOC patients. In vitro cellular models of HGSOC were used for functional studies exploring the role of KLF7 in disease development and progression. Finally, molecular modelling and virtual screening were performed to identify putative KLF7 inhibitors. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis highlighted KLF7 as the most significant prognostic gene, among the 17 family members. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified KLF7 as an unfavourable prognostic marker for overall survival in late-stage TCGA-OV and GSE26712 HGSOC cohorts. Functional in vitro studies demonstrated that KLF7 can play a role as oncogene, driving tumour growth and dissemination. Mechanistic targets of KLF7 included genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and in maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal characteristics of cancer stem cells. Finally, in silico analysis provided reliable information for drug-target interaction prediction. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study provide the first evidence for an oncogenic role of KLF7 in HGSOC, suggesting it as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Donato
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Babini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Mozzetti
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Buttarelli
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciucci
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gloria Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Roma, Italy.
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14
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Eskandari A, Kundu A, Johnson A, Karmakar S, Ghosh S, Suntharalingam K. A tri-metallic palladium complex with breast cancer stem cell potency. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4211-4215. [PMID: 32186576 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multi-nuclear, triangular-shaped palladium(ii) complex is shown to equipotently kill bulk cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the micromolar range. The palladium(ii) complex evokes CSC apoptosis by entering CSC nuclei and damaging genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Sanjib Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.
| | - Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.
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15
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Higashi K, Maeda K, Miyata K, Yoshimura S, Yamada K, Konno D, Tachibana T, Saito K. Carbohydrate 3′-sialyllactose as a novel target for theranostics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428320965279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the carbohydrate 3′-sialyllactose is overexpressed in cancer stem-like cells such as metastatic pancreatic and poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells, and undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. In this study, we investigated the possibility of 3′-sialyllactose as a target for theranostics in cancers using a recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody r3B1E2 that binds to 3′-sialyllactose. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed an elevated expression of 3′-sialyllactose in tumors of pancreas, stomach, and testis, while no expression of 3′-sialyllactose was observed in corresponding normal controls. In addition, a stage-independent expression of 3′-sialyllactose was observed, especially in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The level of serum 3′-sialyllactose in PDAC subjects was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, providing excellent AUC of 0.88. We next explored the therapeutic potential of r3B1E2 for PDAC in vitro. Treatment of r3B1E2 with 3′-sialyllactose-bearing human PDAC cells exhibited a complement-dependent cytotoxicity, whereas no significant activity of r3B1E2 against 3′-sialyllactose-negative cells was observed. Collectively, these findings raise the possibility of 3′-sialyllactose as a novel target for theranostics in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Higashi
- Advanced Materials Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Miyata
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Keita Yamada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Pathophysiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Saito
- Advanced Materials Development Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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16
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Miller EM, Samec TM, Alexander-Bryant AA. Nanoparticle delivery systems to combat drug resistance in ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102309. [PMID: 32992019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of early symptoms and difficulty of accurate diagnosis, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer faced by women. First-line therapy includes a combination of tumor resection surgery and chemotherapy regimen. However, treatment becomes more complex upon recurrence due to development of drug resistance. Drug resistance has been linked to many mechanisms, including efflux transporters, apoptosis dysregulation, autophagy, cancer stem cells, epigenetics, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, developing and choosing effective therapies is exceptionally complex. There is a need for increased specificity and efficacy in therapies for drug-resistant ovarian cancer, and research in targeted nanoparticle delivery systems aims to fulfill this challenge. Although recent research has focused on targeted nanoparticle-based therapies, few of these therapies have been clinically translated. In this review, non-viral nanoparticle delivery systems developed to overcome drug-resistance in ovarian cancer were analyzed, including their structural components, surface modifications, and drug-resistance targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miller
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Timothy M Samec
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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17
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Pangeni RP, Yang L, Zhang K, Wang J, Li W, Guo C, Yun X, Sun T, Wang J, Raz DJ. G9a regulates tumorigenicity and stemness through genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:88. [PMID: 32552834 PMCID: PMC7302379 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic histone methyltransferases 2 (EHMT2 or G9A) has been regarded as a potential target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. This study investigated the regulatory roles of G9A in tumorigenesis and stemness in NSCLC. We isolated and enriched tumor-initiating cells (TIC) from surgically resected NSCLC tissues by FACS and sphere formation assays. We then knocked down G9A using shRNA and carried out genome-wide 850K methylation array and RNA sequencing analyses. We carried out in vivo tumorigenecity asssay using mice xenografts and examined G9A interactions with its novel target using chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results We identified 67 genes hypomethylated and 143 genes upregulated following G9A knockdown of which 43 genes were both hypomethylated and upregulated. We selected six genes (CDYL2, DPP4, SP5, FOXP1, STAMBPL1, and ROBO1) for validation. In addition, G9A expression was higher in TICs and targeting G9a by shRNA knockdown or by selective inhibitor UNC0642 significantly inhibited the expression of cancer stem cell markers and sphere forming capacity, in vitro proliferation, and in vivo growth. Further, transient overexpression of FOXP1, a protein may promote normal stem cell differentiation, in TICs resulted in downregulation of stem cell markers and sphere forming capacity and cell proliferation in vitro indicating that the genes we identified are directly regulated by G9A through aberrant DNA methylation and subsequent expression. Similarly, ChIP assay has shown that G9a interacts with its target genes through H3K9me2 and downregulation of H3K9me2 following G9a knockdown disrupts its interaction with its target genes. Conclusions These data suggest that G9A is involved in lung cancer stemness through epigenetic mechanisms of maintaining DNA methylation of multiple lung cancer stem cell genes and their expression. Further, targeting G9A or its downstream genes could be a novel therapeutic approach in treating NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Pangeni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of System Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Centre, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wendong Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Chao Guo
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Frey Medical Laboratory, Maoling Rd, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwei Yun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jami Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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18
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Duan L, Tao J, Yang X, Ye L, Wu Y, He Q, Duan Y, Chen L, Zhu J. HVEM/HIF-1α promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells under hypoxic microenvironment conditions. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:40. [PMID: 32312328 PMCID: PMC7168979 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies showed the expression of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is high in ovarian cancer samples and correlated to the patient clinic pathological features. As we all know, the hypoxic environment is the main feature of tumor. In this work, we explored the role of HVEM in hypoxic ovarian cancer cells and its effects on HIF-1α, a transcription factor responding to hypoxia. Methods The expression of HVEM, HIF-1α and apoptosis-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The proliferation and apoptosis of the ovarian cancer cells were determined with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and AnnexinV-FITC/PI-stained flow cytometry assay, respectively. Results The expression of HVEM was positively correlated to that of HIF-1α. The expression of HVEM and HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions was higher than that under normoxic conditions, which suggested that the level of HVEM and HIF-1α correlates with prolonged periods of hypoxia in ovarian cancer. The overexpression of HVEM promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis under hypoxic condition. HVEM overexpression elevated the expression of HIF-1α and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein), and reduced the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic protein). In addition, overexpression of HVEM activated the AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, knockdown of HVEM had the completely opposite effects. Conclusion These data indicated that HVEM signaling might promote HIF-1α activity via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and thus to regulate tumor growth in ovarian cancer under the hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, these findings indicate that this molecular mechanism could represent a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Duan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqian Wu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi He
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, No. 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, No. 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, No. 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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19
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Comparison of the Genomic Profile of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Non-Stem Counterpart: The Case of Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020368. [PMID: 32013179 PMCID: PMC7073612 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical cancer stem cell (CSC) model places CSCs at the apex of a hierarchical scale, suggesting different genetic alterations in non-CSCs compared to CSCs, since an ill-defined number of cell generations and time intervals separate CSCs from the more differentiated cancer cells that form the bulk of the tumor. Another model, however, poses that CSCs should be considered a functional state of tumor cells, hence sharing the same genetic alterations. Here, we review the existing literature on the genetic landscape of CSCs in various tumor types and as a case study investigate the genomic complexity of DNA obtained from matched CSCs and non-CSCs from five ovarian cancer patients, using a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray.
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20
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FKBPL-based peptide, ALM201, targets angiogenesis and cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:361-371. [PMID: 31772325 PMCID: PMC7000737 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ALM201 is a therapeutic peptide derived from FKBPL that has previously undergone preclinical and clinical development for oncology indications and has completed a Phase 1a clinical trial in ovarian cancer patients and other advanced solid tumours. Methods In vitro, cancer stem cell (CSC) assays in a range of HGSOC cell lines and patient samples, and in vivo tumour initiation, growth delay and limiting dilution assays, were utilised. Mechanisms were determined by using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, qRT-PCR, RNAseq and western blotting. Endogenous FKBPL protein levels were evaluated using tissue microarrays (TMA). Results ALM201 reduced CSCs in cell lines and primary samples by inducing differentiation. ALM201 treatment of highly vascularised Kuramochi xenografts resulted in tumour growth delay by disruption of angiogenesis and a ten-fold decrease in the CSC population. In contrast, ALM201 failed to elicit a strong antitumour response in non-vascularised OVCAR3 xenografts, due to high levels of IL-6 and vasculogenic mimicry. High endogenous tumour expression of FKBPL was associated with an increased progression-free interval, supporting the protective role of FKBPL in HGSOC. Conclusion FKBPL-based therapy can (i) dually target angiogenesis and CSCs, (ii) target the CD44/STAT3 pathway in tumours and (iii) is effective in highly vascularised HGSOC tumours with low levels of IL-6.
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21
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Peng W, Hegazy AM, Jiang N, Chen X, Qi HX, Zhao XD, Pu J, Ye RR, Li RT. Identification of two mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes as potent anti-glioma stem cells agents. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110909. [PMID: 31689591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the recurrence and invasion of glioblastoma multiform (GBM), which have been evaluated and exploited as the therapeutic target for GBM. Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes have been demonstrated as the potential anticancer agents, however, their antitumor efficacies against GSCs are still unknown. Herein, we investigated the antitumor activity of two cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2L](PF6) (Ir1) and [Ir(thpy)2L](PF6) (Ir2) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, thpy = 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine and L = 4,4'-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) against GSCs. The results clearly indicate that Ir1 and Ir2 kill GSCs selectively with IC50 values ranging from 5.26-9.05 μM. Further mechanism research display that Ir1 and Ir2 can suppress the proliferation of GSCs, penetrate into GSCs efficiently, localize to mitochondria, and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, including the loss of mitochondrial membrane (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspases activation. Moreover, Ir1 and Ir2 can destroy the GSCs self-renewal and unlimited proliferation capacity by affecting the GSCs colony formation. According our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the anti-GSCs properties of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ahmed M Hegazy
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ning Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Hua-Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China; Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Pu
- The First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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22
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Eskandari A, Kundu A, Ghosh S, Suntharalingam K. A Triangular Platinum(II) Multinuclear Complex with Cytotoxicity Towards Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12059-12064. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Eskandari
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Arunangshu Kundu
- Department of ChemistryGauhati University Guwahati Assam 781014 India
| | - Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryGauhati University Guwahati Assam 781014 India
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23
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Eskandari A, Kundu A, Ghosh S, Suntharalingam K. A Triangular Platinum(II) Multinuclear Complex with Cytotoxicity Towards Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Eskandari
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Arunangshu Kundu
- Department of ChemistryGauhati University Guwahati Assam 781014 India
| | - Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryGauhati University Guwahati Assam 781014 India
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24
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Ovarian Cancer Stemness: Biological and Clinical Implications for Metastasis and Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070907. [PMID: 31261739 PMCID: PMC6678827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy that is characterized by the early development of disseminated metastasis. Though ovarian cancer has been generally considered to preferentially metastasize via direct transcoelomic dissemination instead of the hematogenous route, emerging evidence has indicated that the hematogenous spread of cancer cells plays a larger role in ovarian cancer metastasis than previously thought. Considering the distinctive biology of ovarian cancer, an in-depth understanding of the biological and molecular mechanisms that drive metastasis is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies against this fatal disease. The recent “cancer stem cell theory” postulates that cancer stem cells are principally responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Even though the hallmarks of ovarian cancer stem cells have not yet been completely elucidated, metastasized ovarian cancer cells, which have a high degree of chemoresistance, seem to manifest cancer stem cell properties and play a key role during relapse at metastatic sites. Herein, we review our current understanding of the cell-biological mechanisms that regulate ovarian cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance, with a pivotal focus on ovarian cancer stem cells, and discuss the potential clinical implications of evolving cancer stem cell research and resultant novel therapeutic approaches.
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25
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Modulating the Chemical and Biological Properties of Cancer Stem Cell-Potent Copper(II)-Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091677. [PMID: 31035718 PMCID: PMC6540347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes bearing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to potently kill cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumour cells with high metastatic and relapse fidelity. One of the major disadvantages associated to these copper(II) complexes is their instability in the presence of strong cellular reductants (such as ascorbic acid). Here we present a biologically stable copper(II)-NSAID complex containing a bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium ligand and two indomethacin moieties, Cu(bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium)(indomethacin)2, 2. The copper(II) complex, 2 kills bulk breast cancer cells and breast CSC equally (in the sub-micromolar range) and displays very low toxicity against non-tumorigenic breast and kidney cells (IC50 value > 100 µM). Three-dimensional cell culture studies show that 2 can significantly reduce the number and size of breast CSC mammospheres formed (from single suspensions) to a similar level as salinomycin (an established anti-breast CSC agent). The copper(II) complex, 2 is taken up reasonably by breast CSCs and localises largely in the cytoplasm (>90%). Cytotoxicity studies in the presence of specific inhibitors suggest that 2 induces CSC death via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclooxygenase isoenzyme-2 (COX-2) dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Zhou J, Zhang C, Zhou B, Jiang D. miR-183 modulated cell proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cancer through the TGF-β/Smad4 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1734-1746. [PMID: 30720057 PMCID: PMC6414177 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has revealed that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) is involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer (OC). miR-183 has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor and oncogene in various types of human cancers. However, the biological role of miR-183 in OC still remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-183 and evaluate its underlying mechanism in OC. In the present study, miR-183 was observed to be upregulated in OC tissues and cell lines as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of miR-183 on OC were further investigated via western blotting, MTT, wound healing, Transwell and immunofluorescence analyses. Downregulation of miR-183 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in OC cells. Furthermore, it was initially confirmed that mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4) was identified as an efficient target of miR-183 by luciferase activity assay. Finally, the results revealed that miR-183 directly regulated biological function via the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad4 signaling pathway in OC cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that miR-183 exerted tumor-promoting roles in OC, at least partially by regulating Smad4 via the TGF-β/Smad4 signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-183 may serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and prognosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Daqiong Jiang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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27
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Qin T, Li B, Feng X, Fan S, Liu L, Liu D, Mao J, Lu Y, Yang J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Song B, Li M, Li L. Abnormally elevated USP37 expression in breast cancer stem cells regulates stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin sensitivity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:287. [PMID: 30482232 PMCID: PMC6258492 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have indicated that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are related to the stem-cell pathway network and chemo-resistance in cancer. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37), a novel DUB, was identified to be a potential factor associated with tumor progression. However, the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer remain unclear. Methods The distribution of USP37 expression in breast cancer and the correlation between USP37 expression and the overall survival rate were detected by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to evaluate potential mechanism of USP37 in breast cancer. The USP37 expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Sorting of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were by using MACS assay. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the biological functions of USP37 in breast cancer cells. MG132, CHX chase, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to test the interaction between USP37 and Gli-1. Results Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that USP37 gene was elevated in breast cancer tissues and its overexpression was strongly correlated with the increased mortality rate. GSEA analysis showed that USP37 expression was positively associated with cell growth and metastasis while negatively related to cell apoptosis in the TCGA breast cancer samples. USP37 expression was elevated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we also detected that USP37 was overexpressed in BCSCs. USP37 regulated the ability of cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and cisplatin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, USP37 knockdown inhibited tumorigenicity and increased anticancer effect of cisplatin in vivo. Knockdown of USP37 significantly decreased hedgehog (Hh) pathway components Smo and Gli-1. Gli-1 was stabilized by USP37 and they interacted with each other. Further studies indicated that USP37 knockdown could inhibit the stemness, cell invasion and EMT in breast cancer via downregulation of Hh pathway. Conclusions These findings reveal that USP37 is highly expressed in BCSCs and is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. USP37 can regulate the stemness, cell invasion and EMT via Hh pathway, and decreased USP37 confers sensitivity to cisplatin in breast cancer cells. USP37 is required for the regulation of breast cancer progression, as well as a critical target for clinical treatment of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0934-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, 441000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Dean, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Laws K, Suntharalingam K. The Next Generation of Anticancer Metallopharmaceuticals: Cancer Stem Cell-Active Inorganics. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2246-2253. [PMID: 30109911 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heavily linked to fatal incidences of cancer relapse and metastasis. Conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are largely futile against CSCs. Therefore, highly original approaches are needed to overcome CSCs and to provide durable, long-term clinical outcomes. Many academia- and pharmaceutical-led studies aimed at developing chemical or biological anti-CSC agents are ongoing; however, the application of inorganic compounds is rare. In this minireview, we discuss how the chemical diversity and versatility offered by metals has been harnessed to develop an unprecedented, emerging class of metallopharmaceuticals: CSC-active inorganics. A detailed account of their mechanism(s) of action is provided, and possible future directions for exploration are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Laws
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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29
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Polypyridyl Zinc(II)-Indomethacin Complexes with Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092253. [PMID: 30181492 PMCID: PMC6225474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought of as a clinically pertinent subpopulation of tumors, partly responsible for cancer relapse and metastasis. Research programs aimed at discovering anti-CSC agents have largely focused on biologics and purely organic molecules. Recently, we showed that a family of redox-active copper(II) complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin, are capable of potently and selectively killing breast CSCs. Herein we present analogous redox-inactive, zinc(II)-phenanthroline-indomethacin complexes with the ability to kill breast CSCs and bulk breast cancer cells with equal potency (in the submicro- or micromolar range). A single dose of the zinc(II) complexes could theoretically be administered to eliminate whole tumor populations. Excitingly, some of the zinc(II) complexes decrease the growth and viability of mammospheres to a comparable or higher degree than salinomycin, a compound known to effectively kill breast CSCs. As far as we are aware this is the first report to examine the anti-breast CSC activity of zinc(II)-containing compounds.
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30
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Saif M, Ager EI, Field P, Lilischkis KJ. The role of cancer stem cells and the therapeutic potential of TRX-E-002-1 in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1508339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif
- GI Oncology & Exp. Therapeutics, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. I. Ager
- Kazia Therapeutics, Three International Towers Level 24, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - K. J. Lilischkis
- Kazia Therapeutics, Three International Towers Level 24, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Emerging Role of Nestin as an Angiogenesis and Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Immunohistochemical Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 25:571-580. [PMID: 26945442 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy and the existing second-line treatments have not been confirmed to be effective. Cancer stem cells research has a leading role to explore promising therapeutic applications. Nestin was postulated to reflect cancer stem cell properties in various tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. Furthermore, nestin is proposed as a reliable neovascularization marker. This study aimed to elucidate the status of nestin expression in various epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), its neoangiogenic properties, and investigate its potential association with clinicopathologic parameters. A total of 80 primary EOCs (37 serous, 20 Mucinous, 13 endometrioid, and 10 clear cell carcinomas) were immunohistochemically stained with nestin. Staining intensity and automated microvascular density (MVD) were assessed. Positive nestin expression was defined in ≈47.5% of all EOC; more commonly in ≈60% of the serous tumors. It was noticeably expressed in tumor spheroids. Nestin expression significantly correlated with overall tumor grade, lymph node, distant metastasis, and stage. Nestin neoangiogenesis was detectable in all cases (average=60.1). The nestin expression in tumor cells significantly correlated with Nestin/MVD. The average Nestin/MVD was significantly an independent predictor of high tumor stage. As a stem cell marker, nestin is expressed in cells of EOC including those growing as spherules and correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, nestin may be a novel therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis and a combination therapy that includes nestin-targeting agents may be an effective therapeutic approach. In addition, detection of Nestin/stem cells and Nestin/MVD can be used as predictors of disease.
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32
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Li M, Qian Z, Ma X, Lin X, You Y, Li Y, Chen T, Jiang H. MiR-628-5p decreases the tumorigenicity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by targeting at FGFR2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2085-2091. [PMID: 29229394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which are 19-24 nucleotides in length. MiRNAs play a vital role in the whole process of tumour development, but how they influence the tumourigenecity of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)cells is rarely researched. In our study, it was verified that miR-628-5p decreased the stem like cell percentage of EOC cells by inducing their apoptosis. The animal experiments showed that miR-628-5p decreased the tumourigenecity of EOC cells. Besides, we found miR-628-5p targeted at and down-regulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). FGFR2 expressed higher in ovarian cancer tissues and was correlated with worse prognosis. Our findings indicated that miR-628-5pplays an important role in ovarian cancer stem cell driven tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhimin Qian
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanan You
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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33
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Zhao L, Li J, Liu M, Zhou H, Zou H, Wei Y, Sun K, Li G, Li S, Pang L. The clinicopathological parameters significance of CD133 and Nestin in epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2555-2570. [PMID: 29168665 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of CD133 and Nestin with epithelial ovarian cancer. Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang) were searched for relevant studies updated in August 2017. CD133 and Nestin expression were estimated by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed by RevMan. A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. High expression of both CD133 and Nestin was associated with late International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p < 0.00001), larger size of residual cancer (p < 0.05). CD133 overexpression was also associated with higher histological grade (p = 0.0006) and lymph node metastases (p < 0.00001). Nestin overexpression was associated with a higher rate of treatment resistance (p = 0.0007). Positive expression of CD133 and Nestin may be associated with aggressive biological behaviors in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongrun Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kunming Sun
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ganxiong Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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34
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Carter K, Rameshwar P, Ratajczak MZ, Kakar SS. Verrucarin J inhibits ovarian cancer and targets cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92743-92756. [PMID: 29190952 PMCID: PMC5696218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women from cancer. Cancer stem cells are a small population of cells present in cancer and the cause of chemoresistance and recurrence of cancer. We tested a new compound "Verrucarin J (VJ)", a metabolite of the Myrothecium fungus family, and showed that VJ significantly inhibits cell proliferation of both cisplatin-sensitive (A2780 and OVCAR5) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780/CP70) cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 value of approximately 10 nM after 48 h of treatment. VJ was found to induce apoptosis, DNA damage, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment of A2780 cells with VJ resulted in a significant suppression of expression of CSCs markers including ALDH1, LGR5, NANOG and OCT4 in a dose-dependent manner, elimination of ALDH1+ CSC population and inhibition of expression of Notch1 and Wnt1 signaling pathways. Our study also showed that VJ inhibited the tumorigenic potential (spheroid formation on ultralow attachment plates) of isolated ALDH1+ CSCs in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. VJ resulted downregulation of expression of securin an "oncogene" involved in tumor growth and progression, indicating that securin may serve as a downstream signaling gene to mediate antitumor effects of VJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Carter
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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35
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Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha promotes cancer stem cells-like properties in human ovarian cancer cells by upregulating SIRT1 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10592. [PMID: 28878214 PMCID: PMC5587562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer have a poor overall survival rate in patients, and late disease presentation and chemoresistance are the main factors that lead to the mortality of ovarian cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of cancer cells, have been associated with resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy in cancer treatment. Hypoxia is a common characteristic of many malignant tumors, and increased HIF-1α expression predicts the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. In this study, we reported the relationship between hypoxia and cancer stem cells-like properties in human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910, we found that hypoxia induced cancer stem cells-like properties in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, SIRT1 was found to be the downstream target gene of HIF-1α, which was involved in the promotion of cancer stem cells-like features in ovarian cancer cells by hypoxia, and NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in hypoxia-induced SIRT1 up-regulation. Our results hinted that HIF1α and SIRT1 might serve as potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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36
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Fu Q, Liu P, Sun X, Huang S, Han F, Zhang L, Xu Y, Liu T. Ribonucleic acid interference knockdown of IL-6 enhances the efficacy of cisplatin in laryngeal cancer stem cells by down-regulating the IL-6/STAT3/HIF1 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:79. [PMID: 28878571 PMCID: PMC5584337 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin has been used in the treatment of many cancers, including laryngeal cancer; however, its efficacy can be reduced due to the development of drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockdown may enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in laryngeal cancer stem cells (CSC) and the potential involvement of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) in this effect. Methods The ALDH+ and CD44+ CSC in Hep2 human laryngeal squamous cancer cells were identified by the fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique. IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 mRNA and protein expressions were examined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Tumorigenicity was measured by a colony formation assay and invasion was determined by a cell invasion assay. Apoptotic cells were counted by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect immunoreactive IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 cells in xenografts. Results The mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 were significantly increased in Hep2-CSC as compared with those from Hep2 cells. Application of siRNA-IL-6 to knockdown IL-6 resulted in significantly decreased IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 mRNA and protein levels. IL-6 knockdown reduced cell proliferation, tumorigenicity and invasion and increased apoptosis within CSC. Enhanced degrees of suppression in these parameters were observed when IL-6 knockdown was combined with cisplatin in these CSC. Results from the xenograft study showed that the combination of IL-6 knockdown and cisplatin further inhibited the growth of xenografts as compared with that obtained in the cisplatin-injected group alone. Immunoreactive IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 cell numbers were markedly reduced in IL-6 knockdown tumor tissues. IL-6, STAT3 and HIF1 immunoreactive cell counts were further reduced in tissue where IL-6 knockdown was combined with cisplatin treatment as compared with tissue receiving cisplatin alone. Conclusions IL-6 knockdown can increase chemo-drug efficacy of cisplatin, inhibit tumor growth and reduce the potential for tumor recurrence and metastasis in laryngeal cancer. The IL-6/STAT3/HIF1 pathway may represent an important target for investigating therapeutic strategies for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Pengruofeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Fengchan Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Yannan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003 China
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37
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Kakar SS, Parte S, Carter K, Joshua IG, Worth C, Rameshwar P, Ratajczak MZ. Withaferin A (WFA) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ovarian cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74494-74505. [PMID: 29088802 PMCID: PMC5650357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of deaths due to cancer among women in the United States. In 2017, 22,440 women are expected to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 14,080 women will die with it. Currently used chemotherapies (Cisplatin or platinum/taxane combination) targets cancer cells, but spares cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor relapse leading to recurrence of cancer. Aldehyde dehydrogenase I (ALDH1) positive cancer stem cells are one of the major populations in ovarian tumor and have been related to tumor progression and metastasis. In our studies, we observed expression of ALDH1 in both ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and cortex with high levels of expression in OSE in normal ovary and benign (BN) tumor, compared to borderline (BL) and high grade (HG) ovarian tumors. In contrast, high levels of expression of ALDH1 were observed in cortex in BL and HG tumors compared to normal ovary and BN tumor. Withaferin A (WFA) alone or in combination with cisplatin (CIS) significantly inhibited the spheroid formation (tumorigenic potential) of isolated ALDH1 CSCs in vitro and significantly reduced its expression in tumors collected from mice bearing orthotopic ovarian tumor compared to control. Treatment of animals with CIS alone significantly increased the ALDH1 CSC population in tumors, suggesting that CIS targets cancer cells but spares cancer stem cells, which undergo amplification. WFA and CIS combination suppresses the expression of securin an “oncogene”, suggesting that securin may serve as a downstream signaling gene to mediate the antitumor effects of WFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kelsey Carter
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Irving G Joshua
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Christopher Worth
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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38
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Autophagy inhibition reduces chemoresistance and tumorigenic potential of human ovarian cancer stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2943. [PMID: 28726781 PMCID: PMC5550872 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most malignant gynecological tumors with a high mortality rate owing to tumor relapse after anticancer therapies. It is widely accepted that a rare tumor cell population, known as cancer stem cells (CSC), is responsible for tumor progression and relapse; intriguingly, these cells are able to survive nutrient starvation (such as in vitro culture in the absence of glucose) and chemotherapy treatment. Recent data also indicated that chemotherapy resistance is associated with autophagy activation. We thus decided to investigate both in vitro and in vivo the autophagic activity and the effects of the perturbation of this pathway in CSC isolated from EOC ascitic effusions. Ovarian CSC, identified according to their CD44/CD117 co-expression, presented a higher basal autophagy compared with the non-stem counterpart. Inhibition of this pathway, by in vitro chloroquine treatment or CRISPR/Cas9 ATG5 knockout, impaired canonical CSC properties, such as viability, the ability to form spheroidal structures in vitro, and in vivo tumorigenic potential. In addition, autophagy inhibition showed a synergistic effect with carboplatin administration on both in vitro CSC properties and in vivo tumorigenic activity. On the whole, these results indicate that the autophagy process has a key role in CSC maintenance; inhibition of this pathway in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches could represent a novel effective strategy to overcome drug resistance and tumor recurrence.
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Flamme M, Cressey PB, Lu C, Bruno PM, Eskandari A, Hemann MT, Hogarth G, Suntharalingam K. Induction of Necroptosis in Cancer Stem Cells using a Nickel(II)-Dithiocarbamate Phenanthroline Complex. Chemistry 2017; 23:9674-9682. [PMID: 28556445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic properties of a series of nickel(II)-dithiocarbamate phenanthroline complexes is reported. The complexes 1-6 kill bulk cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) with micromolar potency. Two of the complexes, 2 and 6, kill twice as many breast cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched HMLER-shEcad cells as compared to breast CSC-depleted HMLER cells. Complex 2 inhibits mammosphere formation to a similar extent as salinomycin (a CSC-specific toxin). Detailed mechanistic studies suggest that 2 induces CSC death by necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis. Specifically, 2 triggers MLKL phosphorylation, oligomerization, and translocation to the cell membrane. Additionally, 2 induces necrosome-mediated propidium iodide (PI) uptake and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, as well as morphological changes consistent with necroptotosis. Strikingly, 2 does not evoke necroptosis by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP-1) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Flamme
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Paul B Cressey
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Chunxin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Peter M Bruno
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Arvin Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Graeme Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
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Angiogenesis and cancer stem cells: New perspectives on therapy of ovarian cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:87-94. [PMID: 28651817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Failure in ovarian cancer therapy, following cytoreduction and chemotherapy, is related to the presence of cancer stem cells - a small subpopulation of cells resistant to chemotherapy and irradiation - in the tumour which may cause cancer relapse and manifestation of metastases. Therapies targeted at Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), such as those employing metformin (a drug used in the treatment of diabetes type II) and salinomycin, an antibiotic isolated from Streptococcus albus bacteria, seem promising. Anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab was found to be effective in all phases of ovarian cancer treatment. The presence of CSCs has been associated with angiogenesis. Several CSC biomarkers correlate with the markers of angiogenesis and some signalling pathways, e.g. Notch, and are used by both CSCs and by pro-angiogenic factors.
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Palmirotta R, Silvestris E, D'Oronzo S, Cardascia A, Silvestris F. Ovarian cancer: Novel molecular aspects for clinical assessment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 117:12-29. [PMID: 28807232 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous tumor which has been traditionally characterized according to the different histological subtypes and differentiation degree. In recent years, innovative molecular screening biotechnologies have allowed to identify further subtypes of this cancer based on gene expression profiles, mutational features, and epigenetic factors. These novel classification systems emphasizing the molecular signatures within the broad spectrum of ovarian cancer have not only allowed a more precise prognostic prediction, but also proper therapeutic strategies for specific subgroups of patients. The bulk of available scientific data and the high refinement of molecular classifications of ovarian cancers can today address the research towards innovative drugs with the adoption of targeted therapies tailored for single molecular profiles leading to a better prediction of therapeutic response. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the molecular bases of ovarian cancer, from the description of its molecular subtypes derived from wide high-throughput analyses to the latest discoveries of the ovarian cancer stem cells. The latest personalized treatment options are also presented with recent advances in using PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic, anti-folate receptor and anti-cancer stem cells treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Stella D'Oronzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Cardascia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
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Seca AM, Silva AM, Pinto DC. Parthenolide and Parthenolide-Like Sesquiterpene Lactones as Multiple Targets Drugs. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhao R, Liu X, Wang Y, Jie X, Qin R, Qin W, Zhang M, Tai H, Yang C, Li L, Peng P, Shao M, Zhang X, Wu H, Ruan Y, Xu C, Ren S, Gu J. Integrated glycomic analysis of ovarian cancer side population cells. Clin Proteomics 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27833472 PMCID: PMC5103398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-016-9131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to its frequent recurrence and drug resistance even after successful initial treatment. Accumulating scientific evidence indicates that subpopulations of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, such as so-called side population (SP) cells, are primarily responsible for these recurrences. A better understanding of SP cells may provide new clues for detecting and targeting these cancer-initiating cells and ultimately help to eradicate cancer. Changes in glycosylation patterns are remarkable features of SP cells. Here, we isolated SP cells from ovarian cancer cell lines and analyzed their glycosylation patterns using multiple glycomic strategies. Methods Six high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines were used for SP cell isolation. Among them, HO8910 pm, which contained the highest proportion of SP cells, was used for glycomic analysis of SP cells. Cell lysate of SP cells and main population cells was applied to lectin microarray and mass spectrometry for glycan profiling. Differently expressed glycan structures were further verified by lectin blot, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR analysis of their relevant enzymes. Results Expression of core fucosylated N-glycan and tumor-associated Tn, T and sT antigens were increased in SP cells. By contrast, SP cells exhibited decreased hybrid glycan, α2,3-linked sialic glycan and multivalent sialyl-glycan. Conclusions Glycan structures, such as Tn, T, sT antigens, and core fucosylation may serve as biomarkers of ovarian cancer stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-016-9131-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Tai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Peike Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
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Deshmukh A, Deshpande K, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Cancer stem cell metabolism: a potential target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27825361 PMCID: PMC5101698 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem cells (CSCs) are a unipotent cell population present within the tumour cell mass. CSCs are known to be highly chemo-resistant, and in recent years, they have gained intense interest as key tumour initiating cells that may also play an integral role in tumour recurrence following chemotherapy. Cancer cells have the ability to alter their metabolism in order to fulfil bio-energetic and biosynthetic requirements. They are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis for their energy production and also are associated with increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine utilisation. Emerging evidence has shown that therapeutic resistance to cancer treatment may arise due to dysregulation in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. To propagate their lethal effects and maintain survival, tumour cells alter their metabolic requirements to ensure optimal nutrient use for their survival, evasion from host immune attack, and proliferation. It is now evident that cancer cells metabolise glutamine to grow rapidly because it provides the metabolic stimulus for required energy and precursors for synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It can also regulate the activities of some of the signalling pathways that control the proliferation of cancer cells. This review describes the key metabolic pathways required by CSCs to maintain a survival advantage and highlights how a combined approach of targeting cellular metabolism in conjunction with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs may provide a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance and therefore aid in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kedar Deshpande
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Epigenetics changes caused by the fusion of human embryonic stem cell and ovarian cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160104. [PMID: 27377320 PMCID: PMC5025808 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To observe the effect of gene expression and tumorigenicity in hybrid cells of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model, and to determine its feasibility in reprogramming tumour cells growth and apoptosis, for a potential exploration of the role of hESCs and tumour cells fusion in the management of ovarian cancer. Stable transgenic hESCs (H1) and ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 were established before fusion, and cell fusion system was established to analyse the related indicators. PTEN expression in HO-H1 cells was higher than those in the parental stem cells and lower than those in parental tumour cells; the growth of OV-H1 (RFP+GFP) hybrid cells with double fluorescence expressions were obviously slower than that of human embryonic stem cells and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. The apoptosis signal of the OV-H1 hybrid cells was significantly higher than that of the hESCs and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. In vivo results showed that compared with 7 days, 28 days and 35 days after inoculation of OV-H1 hybrid cells; also, apoptotic cell detection indicated that much stronger apoptotic signal was found in OV-H1 hybrid cells inoculated mouse. The hESCs can inhibit the growth of OVCAR-3 cells in vitro by suppressing p53 and PTEN expression to suppress the growth of tumour that may be achieved by inducing apoptosis of OVCAR-3 cells. The change of epigenetics after fusion of ovarian cancer cells and hESCs may become a novel direction for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Papa A, Caruso D, Strudel M, Tomao S, Tomao F. Update on Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibition for ovarian cancer treatment. J Transl Med 2016; 14:267. [PMID: 27634150 PMCID: PMC5024442 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite standard treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), that involves cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, and initial high response rates to these, up to 80 % of patients experience relapses with a median progression-free survival of 12-18 months. There remains an urgent need for novel targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. Of the many targeted therapies currently under evaluation, the most promising strategies developed thus far are antiangiogenic agents and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Particularly, PARP inhibitors are active in cells that have impaired repair of DNA by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Cells with mutated breast related cancer antigens (BRCA) function have HR deficiency, which is also present in a significant proportion of non-BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer ("BRCAness" ovarian cancer). The prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in EOC has historically been estimated to be around 10-15 %. However, recent reports suggest that this may be a gross underestimate, especially in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The emergence of the DNA repair pathway as a rational target in various cancers led to the development of the PARP inhibitors. The concept of tumor-selective synthetic lethality heralded the beginning of an eventful decade, culminating in the approval by regulatory authorities both in Europe as a maintenance therapy and in the United States treatment for advanced recurrent disease of the first oral PARP inhibitor, olaparib, for the treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer patients. Other PARP inhibitors are clearly effective in this disease and, within the next years, the results of ongoing randomized trials will clarify their respective roles. CONCLUSION This review will discuss the different PARP inhibitors in development and the potential use of this class of agents in the future. Moreover, combination strategies involving PARP inhibitors are likely to receive increasing attention. The utility of PARP inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy is of doubtful value, because of enhanced toxicity of this combination; while, more promising strategies include the combination with antiangiogenic agents, or with inhibitors of the P13K/AKT pathway and new generation of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Papa
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Latina, Italy
| | - Martina Strudel
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Oncology Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Latina, Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Policlinico “Umberto I”, Rome, Italy
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Wu G, Liu A, Zhu J, Lei F, Wu S, Zhang X, Ye L, Cao L, He S. MiR-1207 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell-like traits in ovarian cancer by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28882-94. [PMID: 26337084 PMCID: PMC4745698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is strictly controlled by multiple negative regulators. However, how tumor cells override the negative regulatory effects to maintain constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is commonly observed in various cancers, remains puzzling. In current study, we reported that overexpression of miR-1207 in ovarian cancer activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by directly targeting and suppressing secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), AXIN2 and inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF-4 (ICAT), which are vital negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We found that the expression of miR-1207 was ubiquitously upregulated in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells, which inversely correlated with patient overall survival. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1207 enhanced, while silencing miR-1207 reduced, stem cell-like traits of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, including tumor sphere formation capability and proportion of SP+ and CD133+ cells. Importantly, upregulating miR-1207 promoted, while silencing miR-1207 inhibited, the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Hence, our results suggest that miR-1207 plays a vital role in promoting the cancer stem cell-like phenotype in ovarian cancer and might represent a potential target for anti-ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Liping Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, PR China
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Cytokeratin 5-Positive Cells Represent a Therapy Resistant subpopulation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016; 25:1565-73. [PMID: 26495758 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is an epithelial cell marker implicated in stem and progenitor cell activity in glandular reproductive tissues and endocrine and chemotherapy resistance in estrogen receptor (ER)(+) breast cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of CK5 expression in ovarian cancer and the response of CK5(+) cell populations to cisplatin therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytokeratin 5 expression was evaluated in 2 ovarian tissue microarrays, representing 137 neoplasms, and 6 ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell lines were treated with IC(50) (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) cisplatin, and the prevalence of CK5(+) cells pretreatment and posttreatment was determined. Proliferation of CK5(+) versus CK5(-) cell populations was determined using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in CK5(+) versus CK5(-) cells was measured using immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS Cytokeratin 5 was expressed in 39.3% (42 of 107) of epithelial ovarian cancers with a range of 1% to 80% positive cells. Serous and endometrioid histologic subtypes had the highest percentage of CK5(+) specimens. Cytokeratin 5 expression correlated with ER positivity (38 of 42 CK5(+) tumors were also ER(+)). Cytokeratin 5 was expressed in 5 of 6 overall and 4 of 4 ER(+) epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines ranging from 2.4% to 52.7% positive cells. Cytokeratin 5(+) compared with CK5(-) cells were slower proliferating. The prevalence of CK5(+) cells increased after 48-hour cisplatin treatment in 4 of 5 cell lines tested. Cytokeratin 5(+) ovarian cancer cells compared with CK5(-) ovarian cancer cells were more resistant to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in a significant proportion of epithelial ovarian cancers and represents a slower proliferating chemoresistant subpopulation that may warrant cotargeting in combination therapy.
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He J, Zhou M, Chen X, Yue D, Yang L, Qin G, Zhang Z, Gao Q, Wang D, Zhang C, Huang L, Wang L, Zhang B, Yu J, Zhang Y. Inhibition of SALL4 reduces tumorigenicity involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:98. [PMID: 27329034 PMCID: PMC4915037 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that SALL4 plays a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of SALL4 promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be elucidated. METHODS The gene and protein expression profiles- were examined by using quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Small hairpin RNA was used to evaluate the role of SALL4 both in cell lines and in animal models. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were assessed by CCK8, flow cytometry and transwell-matrigel assays. Sphere formation assay was used for cancer stem cell derivation and characterization. RESULTS Our study showed that the transcription factor SALL4 was overexpressed in a majority of human ESCC tissues and closely correlated with a poor outcome. We established the lentiviral system using short hairpin RNA to knockdown SALL4 in TE7 and EC109 cells. Silencing of SALL4 inhibited the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and the G1 phase arrest in cell cycle, decreased the ability of migration/invasion, clonogenicity and stemness in vitro. Besides, down-regulation of SALL4 enhanced the ESCC cells' sensitivity to cisplatin. Xenograft tumor models showed that silencing of SALL4 decreased the ability to form tumors in vivo. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that SALL4 played a vital role in modulating the stemness of ESCC cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that SALL4 might serve as a functional marker for ESCC cancer stem cell, a crucial marker for prognosis and an attractive candidate for target therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Mingxia Zhou
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611 USA
| | - Jane Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001 China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
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Maria OM, Kumala S, Heravi M, Syme A, Eliopoulos N, Muanza T. Adipose mesenchymal stromal cells response to ionizing radiation. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:384-401. [PMID: 26780866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS This study evaluates the biological response of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (aMSCs) to ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS Irradiated BALB/c mice aMSCs were characterized for functionality and phenotype. The clonogenic capacity of irradiated aMSCs was assessed and compared with those of metastatic breast cancer cell line (4T1) and normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3-wt). We investigated the IR-induced DNA damage response, apoptosis, changes in cell cycle (CC) dynamics and protein and gene expression. RESULTS Irradiated and non-irradiated aMSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes with no significant difference. Irradiated aMSCs maintained the expression of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) surface antigens and, as expected, were negative for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface antigens when tested up to 7 days after IR for all irradiation doses with no significant difference. Clonogenically, irradiated aMSCs had higher relative survival fraction and plating efficiency than 4T1 and NIH3T3-wt. Irradiated aMSCs expressed higher □H2AX and significantly showed faster and more time-efficient IR-induced DNA damage response evident by up-regulated DNA-PKcs and RAD51. Two hours after IR, most of aMSCs DNA damage/repair-related genes showed up-regulation that disappeared within 6 h after IR. Irradiated aMSCs showed a significant rise and an earlier peak of p-ATM-dependent and -independent (p84/5E10-mediated) G2/M CC arrest compared with 4T1 and NIH3T3-wt. CONCLUSIONS After IR exposure, aMSCs showed a robust and time-efficient radiation-induced DNA damage repair response, stable phenotypical characteristics and multi-lineage differentiation potential, suggesting they may be reliable candidates for cell therapy in radiation oncology regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Muhammad Maria
- Experimental Medicine Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Radiation Oncology Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Slawomir Kumala
- Radiation Oncology Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mitra Heravi
- Radiation Oncology Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Human Genetics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alasdair Syme
- Radiation Oncology Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Medical Physics Unit, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Eliopoulos
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thierry Muanza
- Experimental Medicine Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Radiation Oncology Department, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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