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Maryniak NZ, Mancino M, Sztuk TKS, Gao Y, Sancho AI, Hansen EB, Bøgh KL. Impact of processing on the sensitising capacity and cross-reactivity of cow's and camel milk proteins in a Brown Norway rat study. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114761. [PMID: 38796088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Infant formulas based on hydrolysed cow's milk proteins are used when breastfeeding is not feasible in cow's milk allergic infants. Camel milk has been shown to be well-tolerated by the majority of children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) and may be a substitute in management of CMA. Here we aimed to evaluate the impact of processing on immunogenicity, sensitising, antibody-binding and cross-reactive capacity of cow's and camel milk. Cow's and camel milk were processed by means of enzyme hydrolysis or heat treatment. Brown Norway rats were immunised with PBS, non-processed, enzyme hydrolysed or heat-treated cow's or camel milk. In vivo tests were performed for evaluation of clinical signs. Blood and faecal samples were analysed for levels and specificity of antibody responses. Cow's and camel milk showed similar sensitising capacity. Processing decreased the sensitising capacity of cow's milk, yet only enzyme hydrolysis but not heat treatment decreased the sensitising capacity of camel milk. Processing affected the specificity of antibodies raised in the rats, though the effect differed between cow's and camel milk. The study showed a low cross-reactivity between cow's and camel milk, which was decreased with processing, suggesting that processing of camel milk may improve its usefulness in CMA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Mancino
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Yumei Gao
- Ausnutria Dairy (China) Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Ana Isabel Sancho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Egon Bech Hansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Singh P, Bhardwaj A, Nayan V, Legha RA, Pal Y, Soni S, Giri SK, Bhattacharya T. Milk somatic cell DNA isolation and characterization of κ-casein gene in Halari donkey milk. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24991. [PMID: 38304818 PMCID: PMC10830531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Halari donkey breed is one of the indigenous breeds of India and its population is rapidly decreasing. The Jenny milk is more similar to human milk, exhibits a wide range of probiotic diversity and hypo-allergenicity, especially among infants suffering from cow and buffalo milk protein allergy. Some studies indicated low levels of κ-casein fraction of casein protein in donkey milk. The k-casein gene was not amplified from the DNA derived from the milk somatic cells of Halari donkeys. The Halari donkey milk has low somatic cells count. We report the first isolation of DNA from milk somatic cells of Halari donkeys with subsequent characterization of k-casein gene. Through our work, we showed that the milk somatic cells can be used as a non-invasive source for DNA isolation towards molecular studies. It also proved the presence of k-casein gene in Halari donkey milk by its amplification from isolated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Anuradha Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Varij Nayan
- ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Ram Avatar Legha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
| | - Sonali Soni
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
- Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi 174103 (Solan) HP, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi 174103 (Solan) HP, India
| | - T.K. Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001 (Haryana), India
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Ravichandran T, Perumal RK, Vijayalakshmy K, Raw Z, Cooke F, Baltenweck I, Rahman H. Means of Livelihood, Clean Environment to Women Empowerment: The Multi-Faceted Role of Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1927. [PMID: 37370437 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial contribution donkeys make to the livelihood of the world's poorest populations, the existence of donkeys has received little notice worldwide. This article reviews the value of donkeys in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, construction industry, and mining, as well as their role in empowering women and achieving sustainable development goals. However, donkeys and mules are not given enough credit or attention in terms of developing strategies regarding their role in reducing poverty. There is a dearth of information and statistics on their impact across industries, the factors contributing to the donkey population dropping, the socioeconomic status of the dependent communities, and related animal and human welfare issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanammal Ravichandran
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), New Delhi 100012, India
- Kumaraguru College of Liberal Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641049, India
| | | | | | - Zoe Raw
- Research, Research and Operational Support, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth EX10 0NU, UK
| | - Fiona Cooke
- Research & Ecology, Research and Operational Support, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth EX10 0NU, UK
| | - Isabelle Baltenweck
- Policies, Institutions and Livelihoods, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 40241-00100, Kenya
| | - Habibar Rahman
- Regional Representative for South Asia, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), New Delhi 100012, India
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Živkov Baloš M, Ljubojević Pelić D, Jakšić S, Lazić S. Donkey Milk: An Overview of its Chemical Composition and Main Nutritional Properties or Human Health Benefit Properties. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104225. [PMID: 36649829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The donkey milk has a remarkable similarity to human milk, in addition to its valuable nutritional composition and content of numerous immune factors. The donkey milk is the subject of research worldwide, and data from the literature suggest significant differences with respect to the contents of individual components. However, some basic characteristics of donkey milk have been established: low contents of fat and cholesterol, total proteins and casein and high contents of lactose, whey proteins, calcium, selenium, and Vitamin D3. The donkey milk is rich in various protective proteins (α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulins), and shows strong antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic, and antitumor activity. Donkey milk can be considered functional food, having in mind that its fatty-acid profile and content of essential fatty acids are beneficial for cardiac health. The total fat content in donkey milk is low compared to human milk, and for this reason it is necessary to enrich donkey milk with other fat in order to provide enough calories in a diet for children. Commercialization of donkey milk and dairy products is still limited due to low production levels, that is lack of products on the market, and lack of product information. Considering the research data from the literature, there is a need for human clinical trials in order to obtain a stronger evidence of the therapeutic properties of donkey milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Jakšić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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Correddu F, Carta S, Mazza A, Nudda A, Rassu SPG. Effect of extruded linseed on sarda donkey milk quality. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Correddu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazza
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Scienze Zootecniche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Alternatives to Cow’s Milk-Based Infant Formulas in the Prevention and Management of Cow’s Milk Allergy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070926. [PMID: 35407012 PMCID: PMC8997926 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk-based infant formulas are the most common substitute to mother’s milk in infancy when breastfeeding is impossible or insufficient, as cow’s milk is a globally available source of mammalian proteins with high nutritional value. However, cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is the most prevalent type of food allergy among infants, affecting up to 3.8% of small children. Hypoallergenic infant formulas based on hydrolysed cow’s milk proteins are commercially available for the management of CMA. Yet, there is a growing demand for more options for infant feeding, both in general but especially for the prevention and management of CMA. Milk from other mammalian sources than the cow, such as goat, sheep, camel, donkey, and horse, has received some attention in the last decade due to the different protein composition profile and protein amino acid sequences, resulting in a potentially low cross-reactivity with cow’s milk proteins. Recently, proteins from plant sources, such as potato, lentil, chickpeas, quinoa, in addition to soy and rice, have gained increased interest due to their climate friendly and vegan status as well as potential lower allergenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of current and potential future infant formulas and their relevance in CMA prevention and management.
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Vandenplas Y, Brough HA, Fiocchi A, Miqdady M, Munasir Z, Salvatore S, Thapar N, Venter C, Vieira MC, Meyer R. Current Guidelines and Future Strategies for the Management of Cow's Milk Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1243-1256. [PMID: 34712052 PMCID: PMC8548055 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s276992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exclusive breast feeding is recommended in all guidelines as the first choice feeding. Cow milk allergy (CMA) can be diagnosed by a diagnostic elimination diet for 2 to 4 weeks with a hypo-allergenic formula, followed by a challenge test with intact cow milk protein. The most often used hypo-allergenic formula for the diagnostic elimination diet and the therapeutic diet is a CM based extensive hydrolysate. CM-based partial hydrolysates cannot be recommended in the management of CMA because of insufficient efficacy and possible reactions, but about half of the infants with CMA may tolerate a partial hydrolysate. The pros and cons of other dietary options are discussed in this paper. The use of an amino acid-based formula and/or rice based hydrolysate formula during the diagnostic elimination and therapeutic diet is debated. When available, there is sufficient evidence to consider rice hydrolysates as an adequate alternative to CM-based hydrolysates, since some infants will still react to the CM hydrolysate. The pros and cons of dietary options such as soy formula, buckwheat, almond, pea or other plant based dietary products are discussed. Although the majority of the plant-based beverages are nutritionally inadequate, some are nutritionally adapted for toddlers. However, accessibility and content vary by country and, thus far there is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and tolerance of these plant-based drinks (except for soy formula and rice hydrolysates) to provide an opinion on them. CONCLUSION A diagnostic elimination diet, followed by a challenge remains the diagnostic standard. The use of an awareness tool may result in a decrease of delayed diagnosis. Breastmilk remains the ideal source of nutrition and when not available a CM extensively hydrolyzed formula, rice hydrolysate or amino acid formula should be recommended. More evidence is needed regarding plant-based drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department Women and Children’s Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Children’s Allergy Service, Evelina Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamad Miqdady
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Khalifa, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zakiudin Munasir
- Department of Child Health, Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital-Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Pediatric Department, Hospital “F. Del Ponte”, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina Venter
- University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Mario C Vieira
- Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology -Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rosan Meyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
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Lu Y, Zhou Y, Lin Y, Li W, Tian S, Hao X, Guo H. Preventive effects of donkey milk powder on the ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Martini M, Altomonte I, Tricò D, Lapenta R, Salari F. Current Knowledge on Functionality and Potential Therapeutic Uses of Donkey Milk. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051382. [PMID: 34067986 PMCID: PMC8152225 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper examines scientific evidence on the positive effects of donkey milk consumption on human health and its possible therapeutic applications. The most investigated clinical use of donkey milk is in feeding infants with food allergies, in whom donkey milk is well tolerated in the 82.6–98.5% of cases. Donkey milk has shown several beneficial properties, including immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant and detoxifying effects, modulation of the intestinal microbiota, and lowering of blood sugar and triglycerides, which have been tested almost exclusively in experimental animals. Inhibitory actions on microorganisms have been also observed in vitro studies. This literature review highlights the need for new clinical trials to collect stronger evidence about the positive effects observed in experimental models which could lead to new therapeutic applications of donkey milk in humans. Abstract The increase of knowledge on the composition of donkey milk has revealed marked similarities to human milk, which led to a growing number of investigations focused on testing the potential effects of donkey milk in vitro and in vivo. This paper examines the scientific evidence regarding the beneficial effects of donkey milk on human health. Most clinical studies report a tolerability of donkey milk in 82.6–98.5% of infants with cow milk protein allergies. The average protein content of donkey milk is about 18 g/L. Caseins, which are main allergenic components of milk, are less represented compared to cow milk (56% of the total protein in donkey vs. 80% in cow milk). Donkey milk is well accepted by children due to its high concentration of lactose (about 60 g/L). Immunomodulatory properties have been reported in one study in humans and in several animal models. Donkey milk also seems to modulate the intestinal microbiota, enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms and detoxifying enzymes activities, reduce hyperglycemia and normalize dyslipidemia. Donkey milk has lower calorie and fat content compared with other milks used in human nutrition (fat ranges from 0.20% to 1.7%) and a more favourable fatty acid profile, being low in saturated fatty acids (3.02 g/L) and high in alpha-linolenic acid (about 7.25 g/100 g of fat). Until now, the beneficial properties of donkey milk have been mostly related to whey proteins, among which β-lactoglobulin is the most represented (6.06 g/L), followed by α-lactalbumin (about 2 g/L) and lysozyme (1.07 g/L). So far, the health functionality of donkey milk has been tested almost exclusively on animal models. Furthermore, in vitro studies have described inhibitory action against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. From the literature review emerges the need for new randomized clinical trials on humans to provide stronger evidence of the potential beneficial health effects of donkey milk, which could lead to new applications as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, malnutrition, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research “E. Avanzi,”, University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iolanda Altomonte
- Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research “E. Avanzi,”, University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Lapenta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
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Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051509. [PMID: 33947032 PMCID: PMC8145040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and β-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows' milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants' milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows' milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.
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de Souza Farias S, Montechese ACD, Bernardino T, Rodrigues PHM, de Araujo Oliveira CA, Zanella AJ. Two Hours of Separation Prior to Milking: Is This Strategy Stressful for Jennies and Their Foals? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010178. [PMID: 33466573 PMCID: PMC7828724 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The economic importance of donkeys has decreased in Brazil, which has led to their mass abandonment. Asinine milk production is a potential solution to the reintroduction of donkeys into the Brazilian social and economic scenario. The milk has nutraceutical properties that make it valuable for human consumption, and thus a donkey dairy industry is likely to help stop their abandonment. That said, in any such industry, the welfare of jennies maintained for milk production must be guaranteed. Few studies have been published measuring the impact of milking management on the welfare of jennies and foals, and the potential behavioural and physiological challenges it may cause. It is also unknown whether these animals adapt to the milking routine. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of separating Pêga jennies from their foals for 2 h on indicators of welfare. Animal welfare was analysed through behavioural and hormonal assessments, their potential adaptive responses and effects on milk yield. Few significant alterations were found in behaviour, salivary cortisol concentrations, or milk yield as a result of the 2-h separation, which could indicate that the welfare of the animals was not compromised; however, the adaptation of jennies and foals to separation stress remains to be fully verified. The 2-h separation period, based on the reported data, is possibly not a stressful experience for the assessed group of Pêga jennies and foals. The reported protocol, which included frequent positive interactions with the animals, may be useful to assure acceptable animal welfare levels for donkeys in small-scale dairy production settings. Abstract The goal of this study was to assess whether or not a separation period of 2 h is stressful for jennies and foals, as measured by changes in behaviour, salivary cortisol, and milk production. This study was reviewed and approved by the Committee for the Use and Care of Animals in Research (CEUA) of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. Fourteen multiparous Pêga jennies (245 kg average body weight) and their foals were assessed from day 45 to 135 of lactation. Dams and foals were separated for 2 h prior to milking. Behavioural assessments and saliva samples were collected before and after separation, every 15 days, resulting in 14 samples per individual animal. Behavioural states (affiliative and inactivity) and events (agonistic, abnormal, eliminative and vocalisations) of the jennies were observed during 6 min in both periods. Moreover, milk yield was measured. Few significant behavioural and salivary cortisol changes were observed, and milk yield was not affected by cortisol levels in response to the separation. The 2-h separation period, on the basis of the collected variables, did not appear to be stressful for the assessed group of Pêga jennies or foals; however, their ability to adapt to milking routine stress remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharacely de Souza Farias
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus “Fernando Costa”, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.D.M.); (T.B.); (A.J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Carolina Dierings Montechese
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus “Fernando Costa”, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.D.M.); (T.B.); (A.J.Z.)
| | - Thiago Bernardino
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus “Fernando Costa”, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.D.M.); (T.B.); (A.J.Z.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus “Fernando Costa”, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Chiara Albano de Araujo Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil;
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus “Fernando Costa”, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.D.M.); (T.B.); (A.J.Z.)
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Arfuso F, Bazzano M, Brianti E, Gaglio G, Passantino A, Tesei B, Laus F. Nutritional Supplements Containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, Urtica urens, and Mallotus philippinensis Extracts Are Effective in Reducing Egg Shedding in Dairy Jennies ( Equus asinus) Naturally Infected by Cyathostomins. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:556270. [PMID: 33251253 PMCID: PMC7676897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.556270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance together with the restrictions in the use of drugs in food producing animals have enforced the search for sustainable alternative approaches for parasite control. The current study aimed to investigate the safety and the efficacy of a commercially available phytotherapic formulation against gastrointestinal strongyles in donkeys. Twenty-two Ragusana jennies (2.6 ± 0.5 years old) were assigned to two equal groups. One group was treated with two doses of a phytotherapic supplement Paraxitebio® containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, Urtica urens, and Mallotus philippinensis, 14 days apart (Group A). One group was used as negative control (Group B). Individual fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the study (T−1), and after 7, 14, and 28 days (T7, T14, T28). Blood samples were collected on T−1 and T28 in order to assess changes in donkeys' hematological profile. After the initial rise in EPG values observed on T7, Group A showed a significant EPG decrease with lower eggs per gram (EPG) count compared to Group B on T28 and an overall fecal egg count reduction of 56.9% on the same time-point. Hematological parameters were within the normal physiological ranges for enrolled donkeys. However, significant differences in the values of RBCs, Hb, MCHC, MCV, WBCs, eosinophils, and basophils were recorded between groups after phytotherapic treatments, with Group A showing a general improvement in the hemogram picture. The phytotherapic supplement used in the current study was helpful in controlling intestinal parasites allowing a significant reduction in the fecal egg count 28 days after treatment. Further studies are needed to better explore the specific mode of action of the plant-derived formulation herein tested as well as to encourage their use as tool for the control of equine strongylosis under multimodal integrated approach in dairy donkey farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Emanuele Brianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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Roy D, Ye A, Moughan PJ, Singh H. Composition, Structure, and Digestive Dynamics of Milk From Different Species-A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:577759. [PMID: 33123547 PMCID: PMC7573072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.577759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional dairy-cattle-based industry is becoming increasingly diversified with milk and milk products from non-cattle dairy species. The interest in non-cattle milks has increased because there have been several anecdotal reports about the nutritional benefits of these milks and reports both of individuals tolerating and digesting some non-cattle milks better than cattle milk and of certain characteristics that non-cattle milks are thought to share in common with human milk. Thus, non-cattle milks are considered to have potential applications in infant, children, and elderly nutrition for the development of specialized products with better nutritional profiles. However, there is very little scientific information and understanding about the digestion behavior of non-cattle milks. Scope and Approach: The general properties of some non-cattle milks, in comparison with human and cattle milks, particularly focusing on their protein profile, fat composition, hypoallergenic potential, and digestibility, are reviewed. The coagulation behaviors of different milks in the stomach and their impact on the rates of protein and fat digestion are reviewed in detail. Key findings and Conclusions: Milk from different species vary in composition, structure, and physicochemical properties. This may be a key factor in their different digestion behaviors. The curds formed in the stomach during the gastric digestion of some non-cattle milks are considered to be relatively softer than those formed from cattle milk, which is thought to contribute to the degree to which non-cattle milks can be easily digested or tolerated. The rates of protein and fat delivery to the small intestine are likely to be a function of the macro- and micro-structure of the curd formed in the stomach, which in turn is affected by factors such as casein composition, fat globule and casein micelle size distribution, and protein-to-fat ratio. However, as no information on the coagulation behavior of non-cattle milks in the human stomach is available, in-depth scientific studies are needed in order to understand the impact of compositional and structural differences on the digestive dynamics of milk from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Abstract
Background: Donkey milk is used in infant nutrition for the treatment of children affected by cow’s milk protein allergy, thanks to its hypo-allergenicity, mainly due to its protein profile, which is very close to that of human milk. Furthermore, donkey milk is characterized by the presence of a fair amount of bioactive proteins, that may have a positive impact on human health. Despite the presence of numerous articles that describe the chemical composition and nutraceutical properties of donkey milk, few works have been performed to determine its vitamin profile; therefore, the purpose of this work is to give further information on the B-vitamins profile of donkey milk. Methods: B-vitamins have been determined through a reversed-phase liquid chromatography analysis. Results: The results indicated that donkey milk (DM) contains thiamine 0.661 ± 0.26 μM, riboflavin 0.168 ± 0.04 μM, nicotinic acid 18.75 ± 1.92 μM, pyridoxine 5.38 ± 3.3 5μM, and folic acid 0.83 ± 0.08 μM. Conclusions: Donkey milk contains a high quantity of nicotinic acid, known for its lipid-lowering effect, and a good amount of vitamin B6 and folic acid, the latter very important for children’s growth. To notice, vitamin B6 has been determined for the first time in donkey milk.
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Talarico V, Mazza G, Rubino M, Monti G, Giancotti L, Bua A, Mohamed AM, Miniero R. Camel milk: a possible alternative for children with cow's milk allergy? Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2019; 73:289-293. [PMID: 31692312 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk protein allergy (CwMPA) is the most common food allergy during early childhood and its therapy consists in the elimination of cow's milk proteins (CwMP) from the diet and the introduction of alternative formulas. Evidence about clinical use of camel's milk (CM) in CwMPA in children is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the entity of cross-sensitization between CM and CwM in children with CwMPA. METHODS This prospective study was performed in children affected by CwMPA. We evaluated skin prick tests (SPT) for CwM, CwMP (alpha-lactalbumin [ALA], beta-lactoglobulin [BLG] and casein [CAS]) and CM and serum levels of CwM, ALA, BLG, CAS-sIgE. RESULTS Sixty-seven children with CwMPA were included in this study: twenty-one resulted SPT+ to CM. Mean wheal diameters towards raw CwM, ALA, BLG and CAS resulted significantly larger in the CM SPT+ group than in the CM SPT- group (P<0.02). Likewise, mean IgE titers against CwM, ALA and CAS were significantly higher in the CM SPT+ group than in the CM SPT-group (P<0.01). The mean wheal diameter towards raw CwM was significantly larger than that towards CM (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the presence of cross-sensitization between CwM and CM that remains lower if compared to other mammalian milks. Small wheals at the SPT towards CwM antigens together with low IgE titers against them could work as predictors in selecting patients that are expected to have negative CM SPT and then could be fed with CM with lower risks of allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Talarico
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Rubino
- Unit of Pediatrics, Ospedale Bolognini di Seriate, Seriate, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Monti
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Giancotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriana Bua
- Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Miniero
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Sarti L, Martini M, Brajon G, Barni S, Salari F, Altomonte I, Ragona G, Mori F, Pucci N, Muscas G, Belli F, Corrias F, Novembre E. Donkey's Milk in the Management of Children with Cow's Milk protein allergy: nutritional and hygienic aspects. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:102. [PMID: 31420060 PMCID: PMC6698021 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic strategy for children with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) consists in the elimination of cow’s milk (CM) from their diet. Donkey’s milk (DM) has been reported to be an adequate alternative, mainly to his nutritional similarities with human milk (HM) and excellent palatability. The aim of present prospective study was to evaluate the nutritional impact of DM on the diet of children with CMA in term of children growth. Methods Before the nutritional trial on children and during the study the health and hygiene risks and nutritional and nutraceuticals parameters of DM were monitored. Children with CMA were identified by the execution of in vivo and in vitro tests for CM and subsequent assessment of tolerability of DM with oral food challenge (OFC). Finally, we prescribed DM to a selected group of patients for a period of 6 months during which we monitored the growth of children. A total of 81 children, 70 with IgE mediated cow’s milk protein allergy (IgE-CMPA) and 11 with Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to CM (CM-FPIES), were enrolled. Results Seventy-eight out of 81 patients underwent the OFC with DM and only one patient with IgE-CMPA (1.5 %) reacted. Twenty-two out of 81 patients took part of the nutritional trial. All the 22 patients took and tolerated the DM, moreover DM did not change the normal growth rate of infants. Conclusions In conclusion, DM resulted safe in term of health and hygiene risks and nutritionally adequate: no negative impact on the normal growth rate of children was assessed. Therefore, it may be a suitable alternative for the management of IgE mediated CMA and FPIES, also in the first 6 months of life, if adequately supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brajon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ragona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Neri Pucci
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Muscas
- Nutrition Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fina Belli
- Nutrition Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Corrias
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Florence, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Allergy Unit, department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Luo J, Jian S, Wang P, Ren F, Wang F, Chen S, Guo H. Thermal instability and characteristics of donkey casein micelles. Food Res Int 2019; 119:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Bazzano M, McLean A, Tesei B, Gallina E, Laus F. Selenium and Vitamin E Concentrations in a Healthy Donkey Population in Central Italy. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:112-116. [PMID: 31203973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium and vitamin E protect the body against oxidative stress. Clinical manifestations of their deficiency in equids include neurologic and muscular symptoms. Despite the importance of donkeys as working and production animals, there is a dearth of scientific data on selenium and vitamin E normal values. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the plasma concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in healthy donkeys belonging to different ages, sexes, and productive phases. Animals were divided into five groups including foals (group A: n = 7, n = 4 males and n = 3 females), weanlings and yearlings (group B: n = 7, n = 2 males and n = 5 females), nonpregnant nonlactating jennies (group C: n = 5), pregnant nonlactating jennies (group D: n = 9), and adult males (group E: n = 9). Plasma samples obtained from each animal were tested for vitamin E and selenium concentration. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in selenium concentrations (P = .001) between group A and group E. In this study, we found the selenium range for donkeys to be 0.02-0.14 μg/mL, which is lower than the recommended range for horses. The results suggest that donkeys may have a lower selenium requirement than horses. Plasma vitamin E levels were 3.29-12.99 μmol/L, with foals having lower concentrations than adults. Knowing specific reference ranges for vitamin E and selenium in healthy donkeys can help improve our understanding of how to prevent deficiencies that could compromise their overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy.
| | - Amy McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Elisa Gallina
- Equine Practitioner, School of Animal Health and Breeding, University of Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, MC, Italy
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19
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20
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21
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Barni S, Sarti L, Mori F, Muscas G, Belli F, Pucci N, Novembre E. Tolerability and palatability of donkey's milk in children with cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:329-331. [PMID: 29392769 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Muscas
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fina Belli
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Neri Pucci
- Allergy Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Allergy Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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22
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Souroullas K, Aspri M, Papademas P. Donkey milk as a supplement in infant formula: Benefits and technological challenges. Food Res Int 2018; 109:416-425. [PMID: 29803466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to assess the applicability of donkey's milk to infants suffering from Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) compared to human and other available milk types. The bioactive and immune-supportive character which could be beneficial as a fortifier to the formula-fed infants is described while limitations of this type of milk are also discussed. Studies showed that human and donkey's milk have similar, overall, chemical composition as well as protein homogeneity and antigenic similarities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies showed that donkey's milk has nutraceutical and functional properties that can support immunity, alter metabolism and beneficially modify gut microbiota. Clinical studies illustrated that donkeys' milk is well tolerated (82.6%-88%) by infants. Finally, the effect that processing (i.e. thermal, non-thermal treatments, drying methods) has on donkey milk components is also discussed pointing out the need for minimally processing this type of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallis Souroullas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Aspri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
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23
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Massouras T, Triantaphyllopoulos KA, Theodossiou I. Chemical composition, protein fraction and fatty acid profile of donkey milk during lactation. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Giribaldi M, Antoniazzi S, Gariglio GM, Coscia A, Bertino E, Cavallarin L. A Preliminary Assessment of HTST Processing on Donkey Milk. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4040050. [PMID: 29056708 PMCID: PMC5753630 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing attention from consumers on non-bovine milk types, and to the increase in the number of small dairy donkey farms in Italy, farmers require more advanced and reliable processing devices, in order to guarantee a safe product of high quality. To this aim, a new small-scale High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurizer (72 °C for 15 s), prototyped by the authors, was tested on donkey milk. The efficacy of the HTST device was tested on raw donkey milk microflora by enumeration of total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus cereus. The biochemical quality was assessed by determining the protein profile by monodimensional electrophoresis and by measuring lysozyme activity. The HTST apparatus was able to reduce the total bacteria count, and to completely eradicate Enterobacteriaceae. Bacillus cereus, when present, was decreased with low efficiency. Changes in the protein profile were observed in milk pasteurized in accordance with both processes, although HTST seemed to limit casein degradation. Lysozyme activity was not substantially affected in comparison to raw donkey milk. In conclusion, a tailored small-volume HTST device could be safely applied to pasteurize donkey milk in on-farm pasteurization processes on small dairy donkey farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Giribaldi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca in Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, 10135 Torino, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
| | - Sara Antoniazzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Coscia
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Struttura Complessa di Neonatologia, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Struttura Complessa di Neonatologia, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy.
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25
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Taniuchi S, Takahashi M, Soejima K, Hatano Y, Minami H. Immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2443-2451. [PMID: 28825866 PMCID: PMC5647979 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1353845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is used regularly for young children with cow's milk (CM) allergy and has been shown to be effective in several studies. However, adverse events occur frequently during OIT. Furthermore, there are only 5 randomized controlled trial studies of CM-OIT and these are low-powered single center trials. Therefore, evidence levels are also low and sometimes frequent and severe allergic events occur during the OIT. Furthermore, there are no standardized protocols in pediatric allergy guidelines from several countries and studies with long-term follow-up observations and clinical tolerance defined as sustained unresponsiveness are rare. Additionally, clinical tolerance by OIT is generally not well defined and obscure. Thus, several problems remain to be resolved, however we hope OIT in combination with omalizumab and less allergenic heated CM products will resolve these problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Taniuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazukiko Soejima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Minami
- Department of Pediatrics, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Role of Proteins and of Some Bioactive Peptides on the Nutritional Quality of Donkey Milk and Their Impact on Human Health. BEVERAGES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties. Food Res Int 2017; 99:41-57. [PMID: 28784499 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The legendary therapeutics properties of donkey milk have recently been supported by many clinical trials who have clearly demonstrated that, even if with adequate lipid integration, it may represent a valid natural substitute of cow milk for feeding allergic children. During the last decade many investigations by MS-based methods have been performed in order to obtain a better knowledge of donkey milk proteins. The knowledge about the primary structure of donkey milk proteins now may provide the basis for a more accurate comprehension of its potential benefits for human nutrition. In this aspect, experimental data today available clearly demonstrate that donkey milk proteins (especially casein components) are more closely related with the human homologues rather than cow counterparts. Moreover, the low allergenic properties of donkey milk with respect to cow one seem to be related to the low total protein content, the low ratio of caseins to whey fraction, and finally to the presence in almost all bovine IgE-binding linear epitopes of multiple amino acid differences with respect to the corresponding regions of donkey milk counterparts.
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28
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Besu I, Srdic-Rajic T, Matić I, Jankovic L, Besu V, Konic-Ristic A, Juranic Z. The absence of immunoreactivity to donkey’s milk in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and immunoreactivity to cow’s milk. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1293017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Besu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jankovic
- Clinic for Periodontology and Oral medicine, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valeri Besu
- Dental Ordination ‘Dr Besu’, Zrenjanin, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic-Ristic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Juranic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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29
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Distribution of Ca, P and Mg and casein micelle mineralisation in donkey milk from the second to ninth month of lactation. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Aspri M, Economou N, Papademas P. Donkey milk: An overview on functionality, technology, and future prospects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1175014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Martorell-Aragonés A, Echeverría-Zudaire L, Alonso-Lebrero E, Boné-Calvo J, Martín-Muñoz M, Nevot-Falcó S, Piquer-Gibert M, Valdesoiro-Navarrete L. Position document: IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:507-26. [PMID: 25800671 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present document offers an update on the recommendations for managing patients with cow's milk allergy - a disorder that manifests in the first year of life, with an estimated prevalence of 1.6-3% in this paediatric age group. The main causal allergens are the caseins and proteins in lactoserum (beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactoalbumin), and the clinical manifestations are highly variable in terms of their presentation and severity. Most allergic reactions affect the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, and severe anaphylaxis may occur. The diagnosis of cow's milk allergy is based on the existence of a suggestive clinical history, a positive allergy study and the subsequent application of controlled exposure testing, which constitutes the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis. The most efficient treatment for cow's milk allergy is an elimination diet and the use of adequate substitution formulas. The elimination diet must include milk from other mammals (e.g., sheep, goat, etc.) due to the risk of cross-reactivity with the proteins of cow's milk. Most infants with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy become tolerant in the first few years of life. In those cases where cow's milk allergy persists, novel treatment options may include oral immunotherapy, although most authors do not currently recommend this technique in routine clinical practice. Enough evidence is not there to confirm the efficacy of elimination diets in the mother and infant for preventing the appearance of cow's milk allergy. Likewise, no benefits have been observed with prebiotic and probiotic dietetic supplements in infants for preventing food allergy.
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Malissiova E, Arsenos G, Papademas P, Fletouris D, Manouras A, Aspri M, Nikolopoulou A, Giannopoulou A, Arvanitoyannis IS. Assessment of donkey milk chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes in Greece and Cyprus. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Malissiova
- Dairy Laboratory; Faculty of Food Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Georgios Arsenos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; School of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Photis Papademas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Fletouris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; School of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athanasios Manouras
- Dairy Laboratory; Faculty of Food Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Maria Aspri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; 3603 Lemesos Cyprus
| | - Aikaterini Nikolopoulou
- Dairy Laboratory; Faculty of Food Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Alexandra Giannopoulou
- Dairy Laboratory; Faculty of Food Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Ioannis S Arvanitoyannis
- School of Agricultural Sciences; University of Thessaly; Fytokou Str. Nea Ionia Magnessias 38446 Volos Greece
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Bertolini F, Scimone C, Geraci C, Schiavo G, Utzeri VJ, Chiofalo V, Fontanesi L. Next Generation Semiconductor Based Sequencing of the Donkey (Equus asinus) Genome Provided Comparative Sequence Data against the Horse Genome and a Few Millions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131925. [PMID: 26151450 PMCID: PMC4495037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies investigated the donkey (Equus asinus) at the whole genome level so far. Here, we sequenced the genome of two male donkeys using a next generation semiconductor based sequencing platform (the Ion Proton sequencer) and compared obtained sequence information with the available donkey draft genome (and its Illumina reads from which it was originated) and with the EquCab2.0 assembly of the horse genome. Moreover, the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Analyzer was used to sequence reduced representation libraries (RRL) obtained from a DNA pool including donkeys of different breeds (Grigio Siciliano, Ragusano and Martina Franca). The number of next generation sequencing reads aligned with the EquCab2.0 horse genome was larger than those aligned with the draft donkey genome. This was due to the larger N50 for contigs and scaffolds of the horse genome. Nucleotide divergence between E. caballus and E. asinus was estimated to be ~ 0.52-0.57%. Regions with low nucleotide divergence were identified in several autosomal chromosomes and in the whole chromosome X. These regions might be evolutionally important in equids. Comparing Y-chromosome regions we identified variants that could be useful to track donkey paternal lineages. Moreover, about 4.8 million of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the donkey genome were identified and annotated combining sequencing data from Ion Proton (whole genome sequencing) and Ion Torrent (RRL) runs with Illumina reads. A higher density of SNPs was present in regions homologous to horse chromosome 12, in which several studies reported a high frequency of copy number variants. The SNPs we identified constitute a first resource useful to describe variability at the population genomic level in E. asinus and to establish monitoring systems for the conservation of donkey genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Production Unit, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Production Unit, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Geraci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Joe Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Animal Production Unit, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Meat Research Consortium, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Claeys W, Verraes C, Cardoen S, De Block J, Huyghebaert A, Raes K, Dewettinck K, Herman L. Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Nutritional management and follow up of infants and children with food allergy: Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition/Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Task Force Position Statement. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40:1. [PMID: 24386882 PMCID: PMC3914356 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-40-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy recognize the role of nutrition, there is few literature on the practical issues concerning the nutritional management of children with food allergies. This Consensus Position Statement focuses on the nutritional management and follow-up of infants and children with food allergy. It provides practical advices for the management of children on exclusion diet and it represents an evidence-based consensus on nutritional intervention and follow-up of infants and children with food allergy. Children with food allergies have poor growth compared to non-affected subjects directly proportional to the quantity of foods excluded and the duration of the diet. Nutritional intervention, if properly planned and properly monitored, has proven to be an effective mean to substantiate a recovery in growth. Nutritional intervention depends on the subject’s nutritional status at the time of the diagnosis. The assessment of the nutritional status of children with food allergies should follow a diagnostic pathway that involves a series of successive steps, beginning from the collection of a detailed diet-history. It is essential that children following an exclusion diet are followed up regularly. The periodic re-evaluation of the child is needed to assess the nutritional needs, changing with the age, and the compliance to the diet. The follow- up plan should be established on the basis of the age of the child and following the growth pattern.
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36
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Bordonaro S, Dimauro C, Criscione A, Marletta D, Macciotta NPP. The mathematical modeling of the lactation curve for dairy traits of the donkey (Equus asinus). J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4005-14. [PMID: 23587386 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in the number of donkeys farmed in Italy as a consequence of the growing demand for donkey milk for direct consumption has been observed. Some research has been carried out on jenny milk composition and on its nutritional properties, whereas milk production features are scarcely described for this species. In this work, the lactation curve shape of donkeys for milk yield and composition was investigated. A total of 453 test-day records for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, and somatic cell count of 62 lactations measured on 46 multiparous jennies of the Ragusano breed were considered. Effects of herd, age, and foaling season were assessed by using a mixed model analysis. Average and individual lactation curves were fitted using the Wood incomplete gamma function, the Cappio-Borlino modified gamma, and a third-order Legendre orthogonal polynomial model. Donkeys foaling between 6- and 10-yr-old had the highest test-day milk yield (about 1.85 kg/d). Donkeys foaling in winter and autumn had a higher daily milk yield compared with those foaling in summer and spring. Less defined results were obtained for composition traits. The general pattern of the donkey lactation curve is similar to the standard shape reported for the main dairy ruminant species, with a peak yield occurring at about 5 wk from parturition. Younger jennies tended to have lower production peaks and higher lactation persistency. Similarly to what is reported for dairy cattle, a large variability in individual patterns has been observed. No differences in goodness of fit have been observed between the models in the case of average lactation curves, whereas orthogonal polynomials were more efficient in fitting individual patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie ed Alimentari, Sezione di Produzioni Animali, via Valdisavoia, 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Essential trace elements in milk and blood serum of lactating donkeys as affected by lactation stage and dietary supplementation with trace elements. Animal 2013; 7:1893-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111300133x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cosentino C, Paolino R, Freschi P, Calluso A. Short communication: Jenny milk production and qualitative characteristics. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2910-5. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Fantuz F, Ferraro S, Todini L, Piloni R, Mariani P, Salimei E. Donkey milk concentration of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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41
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Jirillo F, Jirillo E, Magrone T. Restoration of host–microbiota homeostasis for attaining healthy aging: the role of milk and fermented milk. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-011-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Simos Y, Metsios A, Verginadis I, D’Alessandro AG, Loiudice P, Jirillo E, Charalampidis P, Kouimanis V, Boulaka A, Martemucci G, Karkabounas S. Antioxidant and anti-platelet properties of milk from goat, donkey and cow: An in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo study. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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43
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Growth Impairment and Nutritional Deficiencies in a Cow's Milk-Allergic Infant Fed by Unmodified Donkey's Milk. Case Rep Pediatr 2011; 2011:103825. [PMID: 22606507 PMCID: PMC3350203 DOI: 10.1155/2011/103825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of growth impairment and nutritional deficiencies in a five-month infant fed by unmodified donkey's milk. We discuss the energy and macronutrient daily intake from donkey's milk and the nutritional consequences that can occur if this kind of milk is used unmodified in the first year of life.
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Ehlayel M, Bener A, Abu Hazeima K, Al-Mesaifri F. Camel milk is a safer choice than goat milk for feeding children with cow milk allergy. ISRN ALLERGY 2011; 2011:391641. [PMID: 23724227 PMCID: PMC3658853 DOI: 10.5402/2011/391641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. Various sources of mammalian milk have been tried in CMA. Objectives. To determine whether camel milk is safer than goat milk in CMA. Methods. Prospective study conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation between April 2007 and April 2010, on children with CMA. Each child had medical examination, CBC, total IgE, cow milk-specific IgE and SPT. CMA children were tested against fresh camel and goat milks. Results. Of 38 children (median age 21.5 months), 21 (55.3%) presented with urticaria, 17 (39.5%) atopic dermatitis, 10 (26.3%) anaphylaxis. WBC was 10, 039 ± 4, 735 cells/μL, eosinophil 1, 143 ± 2, 213 cells/μL, IgE 694 ± 921 IU/mL, cow's milk-specific-IgE 23.5 ± 35.6 KU/L. Only 7 children (18.4%) tested positive to camel milk and 24 (63.2%) to goat milk. 6 (15.8%) were positive to camel, goat, and cow milks. Patients with negative SPT tolerated well camel and goat milks. Conclusions. In CMA, SPT indicates low cross-reactivity between camel milk and cow milk, and camel milk is a safer alternative than goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehlayel
- Section of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulbari Bener
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Deptartment Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Khalid Abu Hazeima
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Tidona F, Sekse C, Criscione A, Jacobsen M, Bordonaro S, Marletta D, Vegarud GE. Antimicrobial effect of donkeys’ milk digested in vitro with human gastrointestinal enzymes. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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D'Alessandro AG, Martemucci G, Jirillo E, De Leo V. Major whey proteins in donkey's milk: effect of season and lactation stage. Implications for potential dietary interventions in human diseases. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:259-65. [PMID: 20624015 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.499365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
According to current literature, donkey's milk has been suggested as a hypoallergenic substitute in children affected by cow's milk protein allergy as well as a promising nutraceutical for aged people. However, the biologically active components of donkey's milk have not yet completely elucidated. In this framework this study is aimed at measuring α-lactalbumin (α-LA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), and lysozyme (LYS), the principal whey proteins in donkey's milk, in relation to lactation stage and production season. Analysis were performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. α-LA, β-LG, and LYS resulted to be affected by lactation stage (P < 0.01) and production season (P < 0.01). Overall, the protein content was higher (0.01 > P < 0.05) during the first four lactation's months and decreased until the month 8. The β-LG was the major protein (1.75 mg mL(-1) as mean; peak 2.24 ± 0.09 mg mL(-1)), while the α-LA had a mean concentration of 1.32 mg mL(-1) and peaked at month 1 (1.57 ± 0.09 mg mL(-1)) and LYS (0.66 mg mL(-1) as mean) showed the highest value equal to 0.76 ± 0.03 mg mL(-1). The highest (P < 0.01) concentration of all proteins was recorded at spring (α-LA: 1.69 mL(-1); β-LG: 2.07 mL(-1); LYS: 0.76 mL(-1)).
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Caffarelli C, Baldi F, Bendandi B, Calzone L, Marani M, Pasquinelli P. Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide. Ital J Pediatr 2010; 36:5. [PMID: 20205781 PMCID: PMC2823764 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-36-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A joint study group on cow's milk allergy was convened by the Emilia-Romagna Working Group for Paediatric Allergy and by the Emilia-Romagna Working Group for Paediatric Gastroenterology to focus best practice for diagnosis, management and follow-up of cow's milk allergy in children and to offer a common approach for allergologists, gastroenterologists, general paediatricians and primary care physicians. The report prepared by the study group was discussed by members of Working Groups who met three times in Italy. This guide is the result of a consensus reached in the following areas. Cow's milk allergy should be suspected in children who have immediate symptoms such as acute urticaria/angioedema, wheezing, rhinitis, dry cough, vomiting, laryngeal edema, acute asthma with severe respiratory distress, anaphylaxis. Late reactions due to cow's milk allergy are atopic dermatitis, chronic diarrhoea, blood in the stools, iron deficiency anaemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, chronic vomiting, colic, poor growth (food refusal), enterocolitis syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilic oesophagogastroenteropathy. An overview of acceptable means for diagnosis is included. According to symptoms and infant diet, three different algorithms for diagnosis and follow-up have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Dipartimento dell'Età Evolutiva, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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