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Zhu L, Zhu C, Jin J, Wang J, Zhao X, Yang R. Identification of an association between coronary heart disease and ITGB2 methylation in peripheral blood by a case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117627. [PMID: 37923103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood DNA methylation was associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in Caucasians. We investigated the association between DNA methylation in peripheral blood at the reported loci and CHD in the Chinese population. METHODS The integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2) gene was identified in 196 CHD cases and 184 controls, and its methylation level was determined by mass spectrometry. Logistic regression was used to assess the association. RESULTS Hypomethylation of ITGB2 was significantly associated with heart failure CHD and NYHA Ⅰ&Ⅱ CHD patients with minor to medium cardiac function impairment (ITGB2_CpG_11/cg08422803, OR per -10 % methylation = 1.15 and 1.16; p = 0.012 and 0.018 by Bonferroni correction, respectively). Hypomethylation of ITGB2_CpG_11/cg08422803 was a risk factor for CHD in people < 65 years and males (p < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The combination of ITGB2 methylation and conventional CHD risk factors could efficiently discriminate CHD, heart failure CHD, NYHA I&II CHD, and myocardial infarction CHD patients from controls (AUC = 0.78, 0.81, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively). CONCLUSION Blood-based ITGB2 methylation has the potential as a biomarker for CHD. The combination of ITGB2 methylation and conventional CHD risk factors may improve the risk assessment and detection of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Kunshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jialie Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Military translational medicine lab, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Nanjing TANTICA Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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Zhu L, Zhu C, Wang J, Yang R, Zhao X. The association between DNA methylation of 6p21.33 and AHRR in blood and coronary heart disease in Chinese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:370. [PMID: 35964014 PMCID: PMC9375073 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection could significantly improve the prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). In-invitro diagnostic technique may provide a solution when sufficient biomarkers could be identified. Pertinent associations between blood-based aberrant DNA methylation and smoking, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and CHD have been robustly demonstrated and replicated, but that studies in Chinese populations are rare. The blood-based methylation of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) cg05575921 and 6p21.33 cg06126421 has been associated with cardiovascular mortality in Caucasians. Here, we aim to investigate whether the AHRR and 6p21.33 methylation in the blood is associated with CHD in the Chinese population. METHODS In this case-control study, 180 CHD patients recruited at their first registration in our study center, and 184 controls randomly selected from the people who participated in the annual health examination were enrolled. Methylation intensities of 19 CpG sites, including AHRR cg05575921, 6p21.33 cg06126421, and their flanking CpG sites, were quantified by mass spectrometry. The association between methylation intensities and CHD was estimated by logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariant. RESULTS Compared to the controls, lower methylation of 6p21.33_CpG_4.5/cg06126421 was independently associated with increased odds of being a CHD patient (OR per - 10% methylation = 1.42 after adjustment for age, gender, and batch effect; p = 0.032 by multiple testing corrections). No association between blood-based AHRR methylation and CHD was found. CONCLUSIONS 6p21.33 methylation exhibits a significant association with CHD. The combination of 6p21.33 methylation and conventional risk factors might be an intermediate step towards the early detection of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong'an Road, West District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Military Translational Medicine Lab, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Zhao X, Zhu L, Yin Q, Xu Z, Jia Q, Yang R, He K. F2RL3 Methylation in the Peripheral Blood as a Potential Marker for the Detection of Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Genet 2022; 13:833923. [PMID: 35419024 PMCID: PMC8996303 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.833923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Previous work has shown the association between blood-based methylation of coagulation factor II receptor-like 3 gene (F2RL3) and cardiovascular mortality in Caucasians. However, the diagnostic value of F2RL3 methylation for CHD is still unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between blood-based F2RL3 methylation and the risk of CHD in the Chinese population. Methods: The methylation level of F2RL3 was quantified by mass spectrometry in a case-control study with 180 CHD cases and 184 controls. The association between F2RL3 methylation intensity and CHD was assessed by logistic regression models, controlling confounding factors. Results: The hypomethylation in F2RL3_A amplicon was significantly associated with CHD (odds ratio (ORs) per -10% methylation: 1.22–1.42, p < 0.035 for six out of seven CpG loci). Specifically, this significant association was observed in elderly CHD patients (≥60 years), myocardial infarction (MI) patients, heart failure patients and the patients with minor to medium cardiac function impairment (NYHA Ⅰ&Ⅱ CHD cases) (ORs per -10% methylation: 1.35–1.58, 1.32–2.00, 1.29–1.43, 1.25–1.44; p < 0.024, 0.033, 0.035, 0.025, respectively). However, F2RL3_B CpG sites showed no or very weak association with CHD. The combination of F2RL3_A_CpG_1 and F2RL3_A_CpG_3 methylation levels could efficiently discriminate CHD, MI, heart failure, NYHA I&II CHD, and elderly CHD patients from controls (area under curve (AUC) = 0.75, 0.79, 0.75, 0.76, and 0.82, respectively). Conclusion: We propose blood-based F2RL3 methylation as a potential biomarker for CHD, especially for people with older age or with the status of MI. The combination of F2RL3 methylation and conventional risk factors might be an approach to evaluate CHD at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhao
- Military Translational Medicine Lab, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenguo Xu
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Military Translational Medicine Lab, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Military Translational Medicine Lab, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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DNA Methylation Pattern of CALCA and CALCB in Extremely Premature Infants with Monochorionic Triplets after Single-Embryo Transfer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1438837. [PMID: 34650662 PMCID: PMC8510797 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1438837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with full-term peers, premature infants are more likely to suffer from neonatal diseases and death. Variations in DNA methylation may affect these pathological processes. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a complex and diversified role in reproduction and chronic inflammation, and participates in the functional maintenance of vascular adaptation and trophoblast cells during pregnancy. Here, premature live births with single-chorionic triple embryos after single-embryo transfer were used as research objects, while full-term infants with double embryos and double-chorionic twins were used as controls. DNA was extracted from umbilical cord tissues for pyrosequencing to detect the methylation level of CpG island in CGRP promoter region. The average values of CGRP methylation in the umbilical cord tissues of very premature fetuses were higher than that of normal controls obtained from the databases. Immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of αCGRP was decreased in the blood vessel wall of the umbilical cord of monozygotic triplets, especially in death cases, while the βCGRP had a compensatory expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hypermethylation of CGRP might be considered as an important cause of serious neonatal morbidities.
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Ramahi A, Altorok N, Kahaleh B. Epigenetics and systemic sclerosis: An answer to disease onset and evolution? Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7:S147-S156. [PMID: 32697935 PMCID: PMC7647676 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.19112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that implicates epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The complexity of epigenetic regulation and its dynamic nature complicate the investigation of its role in the disease. We will review the current literature for factors that link epigenetics to SSc by discussing DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNA changes in endothelial cells, fibroblasts (FBs), and lymphocytes. These three cell types are significantly involved in the early stages and throughout the course of the disease and are particularly vulnerable to epigenetic regulation. The pathogenesis of SSc is likely related to modifications of the epigenome by environmental signals in individuals with a specific genetic makeup. The epigenome is an attractive therapeutic target; however, successful epigenetics-based treatments require a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the epigenome and its alteration in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ramahi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nezam Altorok
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Bashar Kahaleh
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
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Gurung R, Choong AM, Woo CC, Foo R, Sorokin V. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176334. [PMID: 32878347 PMCID: PMC7504666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the localized dilatation of the infra-renal aorta, in which the diameter exceeds 3.0 cm. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis and contribute to the progressive thinning of the media and adventitia of the aortic wall. With increasing AAA diameter, and left untreated, aortic rupture ensues with high mortality. Collective evidence of recent genetic and epigenetic studies has shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) towards dedifferentiation and proliferative state, which associate with the ECM remodeling of the vascular wall and accompanied with increased cell senescence and inflammation, is seen in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. This review critically analyses existing publications on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the complex role of SMCs within the aortic wall in AAA formation and reflects the importance of SMCs plasticity in AAA formation. Although evidence from the wide variety of mouse models is convincing, how this knowledge is applied to human biology needs to be addressed urgently leveraging modern in vitro and in vivo experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrew Mark Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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Searching for the Genetic Determinants of Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions. Cardiol Rev 2019; 27:145-152. [PMID: 30946061 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a significant but under-recognized disease that is poorly understood despite population-scale genetic studies. To address this morbid disease, clinicians need additional tools to identify, prevent, and treat patients at risk for PAD. Genetic studies of coronary artery disease have yielded promising results for clinical application, which have thus far been lacking in PAD. In this article, we review recent findings, discuss limitations, and propose future directions of genomic study and clinical application. However, despite many studies, we still lack definitive genetic markers for PAD. This can be attributed to the heterogeneity of PAD's pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, as well as inconsistencies in study methodologies, limitations of current genetic assessment techniques, incompletely comprehended molecular pathophysiology, and confounding generalized atherosclerotic risk factors. The goals of this review are to evaluate the limitations of our current genetic knowledge of PAD and to propose approaches to expedite the identification of valuable markers of PAD.
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Banerjee S, Ponde CK, Rajani RM, Ashavaid TF. Differential methylation pattern in patients with coronary artery disease: pilot study. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:541-550. [PMID: 30470965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly heritable. However, genetic studies have not been able to fully elucidate its etiology. Accumulating evidences suggest that epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation may provide an alternative and additional explanation of its pathophysiology. DNA methylation regulates hypomethylation and hypermethylation of various genes which are involved in the development of CAD. Our aim was to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in genome of CAD patients by using the microarray chip having a coverage of > 4,50,000 CpG sites (Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip). In this pilot study, an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation from whole blood was performed in six angiographically positive male cases, who were age and gender matched with six angiographically negative controls. All subjects were non-smokers, non-diabetic, non-alcoholic, with no previous history of cardiac ailment. Illumina's GenomeStudio (v 2011.1) software was used to identify DMRs and pathway analysis, gene ontology was carried out using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery). 429 DMRs were found to be significant of which 222 were hypomethylated and 207 were hypermethylated. Antigen processing and presentation was identified to be the most significant biological function with a statistical significance of p = 4.35 × 10- 5. HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 along with non-classical HLA molecules HLA-G, HLA-C are responsible for triggering the inflammatory pathway which have been identified in our study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a panel of DMRs using a high coverage microarray chip in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamashree Banerjee
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandrashekhar K Ponde
- Department of Cardiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh M Rajani
- Department of Cardiology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Tester F Ashavaid
- Research Laboratories, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
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Langmia IM, Kräker K, Weiss SE, Haase N, Schütte T, Herse F, Dechend R. Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:215. [PMID: 31024453 PMCID: PMC6466995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition whereby a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined potential size. IUGR is a global health challenge due to high mortality and morbidity amongst affected neonates. It is a multifactorial condition caused by maternal, fetal, placental, and genetic confounders. Babies born of diabetic pregnancies are usually large for gestational age but under certain conditions whereby prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia leads to placental dysfunction, the outcome of the pregnancy is an intrauterine growth restricted fetus with clinical features of malnutrition. Placental dysfunction leads to undernutrition and hypoxia, which triggers gene modification in the developing fetus due to fetal adaptation to adverse utero environmental conditions. Thus, in utero gene modification results in future cardiovascular programming in postnatal and adult life. Ongoing research aims to broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathological pathways involved in fetal programming due to IUGR. There is a need for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for the management of growth-restricted infants. Information on the mechanisms involved with in utero epigenetic modification leading to development of cardiovascular disease in adult life will increase our understanding and allow the identification of susceptible individuals as well as the design of targeted prevention strategies. This article aims to systematically review the latest molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR in cardiovascular programming. Animal models of IUGR that used nutrient restriction and hypoxia to mimic the clinical conditions in humans of reduced flow of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus will be discussed in terms of cardiac remodeling and epigenetic programming of cardiovascular disease. Experimental evidence of long-term fetal programming due to IUGR will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculate M. Langmia
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara E. Weiss
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Schütte
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation Between the Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Dechend
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Angiotensin II facilitates neointimal formation by increasing vascular smooth muscle cell migration: Involvement of APE/Ref-1-mediated overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Guo Q, Feng X, Xue H, Teng X, Jin S, Duan X, Xiao L, Wu Y. Maternal Renovascular Hypertensive Rats Treatment With Hydrogen Sulfide Increased the Methylation of AT1b Gene in Offspring. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:1220-1227. [PMID: 28985312 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown hypertension of offspring in adulthood is related to parental health during pregnancy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could relax placental vasculature and improve intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, we want to observe the effect of H2S on the fetal programming of renovascular hypertension, a rat model of secondary hypertension. METHODS Renovascular hypertension was induced by 2-kidney-1-clip, their adult pups were used to evaluate basal blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured noninvasively by tail-cuff plethysmography in conscious offspring; HE staining was used to observe morphology of kidney; the protein expression of angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R) tested by western blot; methylation of angiotensin II receptor 1b (AT1b) gene used pBLUE-T-cloning to check. RESULTS The SBP and DBP in the offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams were higher than those in control group. Moreover, interstitial inflammatory infiltration was significant in the kidney and the protein expression of AT1R was also increased in the offspring of renovascular hypertensive dams. Conversely, methylation of AT1b promoter (U01033 277-1611) decreased in the first 3 CG sites. Either prenatal or postnatal treatment with H2S could increase the methylation of AT1b and downregulate AT1R expression then improve the blood pressure. CONCLUSION These results suggested that parental secondary hypertension-induced kidney damage that elevated basal blood pressure in adult offspring. Prenatal or postnatal administration with H2S induced improved effect accompanied by an increased methylation of AT1b gene then downregulated protein of AT1R in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Infante T, Forte E, Schiano C, Cavaliere C, Tedeschi C, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Napoli C. An integrated approach to coronary heart disease diagnosis and clinical management. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3148-3166. [PMID: 28804537 PMCID: PMC5553869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The major issue in coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis and management is that symptoms onset in an advanced state of disease. Despite the availability of several clinical risk scores, the prediction of cardiovascular events is lacking, and many patients at risk are not well stratified according to the canonical risk factors alone. Therefore, adequate risk assessment remains the most challenging issue. Recently, the integration of imaging data with biochemical markers in a radiogenomic framework has been proposed in many fields of medicine as well as in cardiology. Multimodal imaging and advanced processing techniques can provide both direct (e.g., remodeling index, calcium score, total plaque volume, plaque burden) and indirect (e.g., myocardial perfusion index, coronary flow reserve) imaging features of CHD. Furthermore, the identification of novel non-invasive biochemical markers, mainly focused on plasma and/or serum samples, has increased the specificity of findings, reflecting several pathophysiological pathways of atherosclerosis, the principal actor in CHD. In this context, a multifaced approach, derived from the strengths of all these modalities, appears promising for finer risk stratification and treatment strategies, facilitating the decision-making and clinical management of patients. This review underlines the role of different imaging modalities in the quantification of coronary atherosclerosis and describes novel blood-based markers that could improve diagnosis and have a better predictive value in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Tedeschi
- Department of Cardiology, San Giovanni Bosco HospitalASL Napoli 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDNNaples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples ParthenopeNaples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SDNNaples, Italy
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples, Italy
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13
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Hasin T, Iakobishvili Z, Weisz G. Associated Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence and Possible Mechanism. Am J Med 2017; 130:780-785. [PMID: 28344133 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and malignancy are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Increased risk of malignancy was identified in patients with cardiovascular disease, including patients with heart failure, heart failure after myocardial infarction, patients undergoing cardiac intervention, and patients after a thrombotic event. Common risk factors and biological pathways can explain this association and are explored in this review. Further research is needed to establish the causes of malignancy in this population and direct possible intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hasin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Zaza Iakobishvili
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Giora Weisz
- Department of Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Daiber A, Steven S, Weber A, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Laher I, Li H, Lamas S, Münzel T. Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1591-1619. [PMID: 27187006 PMCID: PMC5446575 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability-adjusted life years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the vasculature regulates essential haemostatic functions, such as vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation and platelet activity. Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. We review the prognostic value of obtaining measurements of endothelial function, the clinical techniques for its determination, the mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction and the therapeutic treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Since vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are major determinants of endothelial function, we have also addressed current antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies. In the light of recent data that dispute the prognostic value of endothelial function in healthy human cohorts, we also discuss alternative diagnostic parameters such as vascular stiffness index and intima/media thickness ratio. We also suggest that assessing vascular function, including that of smooth muscle and even perivascular adipose tissue, may be an appropriate parameter for clinical investigations. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Center of Thrombosis and HemostasisMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alina Weber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Huige Li
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
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15
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Charles S, Raj V, Arokiaraj J, Mala K. Caveolin1/protein arginine methyltransferase1/sirtuin1 axis as a potential target against endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:1-11. [PMID: 28126510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED), an established response to cardiovascular risk factors, is characterized by increased levels of soluble molecules secreted by endothelial cells (EC). Evidence suggest that ED is an independent predictor of cardiac events and that it is associated with a deficiency in production or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and/or an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. ED can be reversed by treating cardiovascular risk factors, hence, beyond ambiguity, ED contributes to initiation and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Majority of cardiovascular risk factors act by a common pathway, oxidative stress (OS), characterized by an imbalance in bioavailability of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced ROS, through several mechanisms, alters competence of EC that leads to ED, reducing its potential to maintain homeostasis and resulting in development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Influential mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of ED include (i) presence of elevated levels of NOS inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) due to augmented enzyme activity of protein arginine methyl transferase-1 (PRMT1); (ii) decrease in NO generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, or by reaction of NO with free radicals and (iii) impaired post translational modification of protein (PTM) such as eNOS, caveolin-1 (cav1) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). However, the inter-related mechanisms that concur to developing ED is yet to be understood. The events that possibly overlay include OS-induced sequestration of SIRT1 to caveolae facilitating cav1-SIRT1 association; potential increase in lysine acetylation of enzymes such as eNOS and PRMT1 leading to enhanced ADMA formation; imbalance in acetylation-methylation ratio (AMR); diminished NO generation and ED. Here we review current literature from research showing interdependent association between cav1-PRMT1-SIRT1 to the outcomes of experimental and clinical research aiming to preserve endothelial function with gene- or pharmaco-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Raj
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arokiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pranavchand R, Reddy BM. Genomics era and complex disorders: Implications of GWAS with special reference to coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancers. J Postgrad Med 2016; 62:188-98. [PMID: 27424552 PMCID: PMC4970347 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.186390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Genome Project (HGP) has identified millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their association with several diseases, apart from successfully characterizing the Mendelian/monogenic diseases. However, the dissection of precise etiology of complex genetic disorders still poses a challenge for human geneticists. This review outlines the landmark results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to major complex diseases - Coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and predominant cancers. A brief account on the current Indian scenario is also given. All the relevant publications till mid-2015 were accessed through web databases such as PubMed and Google. Several databases providing genetic information related to these diseases were tabulated and in particular, the list of the most significant SNPs identified through GWAS was made, which may be useful for designing studies in functional validation. Post-GWAS implications and emerging concepts such as epigenomics and pharmacogenomics were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pranavchand
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B M Reddy
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Min J, Weitian Z, Peng C, Yan P, Bo Z, Yan W, Yun B, Xukai W. Correlation between insulin-induced estrogen receptor methylation and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:156. [PMID: 27832775 PMCID: PMC5105242 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance have been recently recognized as an important cause of atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have also found that expression of the estrogen receptor is closely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis. This study investigate the effects of insulin and estrogen receptor α (ER-α) in atherosclerosis. Methods Double knockout ApoE/Lepr mice were given intraperitoneal injections of insulin, and their aortae were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with insulin or infected with a lentivirus encoding exogenous ER-α, and changes in gene expression were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The methylation levels of the ER-α gene were tested using bisulfite sequencing PCR, and flow cytometry and EdU assay were used to measure VSMCs proliferation. Results Our results showed that insulin can induce the formation of atherosclerosis. Gene expression analysis revealed that insulin promotes the expression of DNA methyltransferases and inhibits ER-α expression, while 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine can inhibit this effect of insulin. Bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis showed that methylation of the ER-α second exon region increased in VSMCs treated with insulin. The results also showed that ER-α can inhibit VSMCs proliferation. Conclusions Our data suggest that insulin promotes the expression of DNA methyltransferases, induces methylation of ER-α second exon region and decreases the expression of ER-α, thereby interfering with estrogen regulation of VSMCs proliferation, resulting in atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0471-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhong Weitian
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Cai Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bai Yun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military, Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Wang Xukai
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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19
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The role of epigenetic modifications in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M. Boulanger
- From the INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center–PARCC, and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S970, Paris, France
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21
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Voelter-Mahlknecht S. Epigenetic associations in relation to cardiovascular prevention and therapeutics. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:4. [PMID: 26779291 PMCID: PMC4714496 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increasingly burden societies with vast financial and health care problems. Therefore, the importance of improving preventive and therapeutic measures against cardiovascular diseases is continually growing. To accomplish such improvements, research must focus particularly on understanding the underlying mechanisms of such diseases, as in the field of epigenetics, and pay more attention to strengthening primary prevention. To date, preliminary research has found a connection between DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA-based mechanisms and the development of CVD like atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Several therapeutic agents based on the findings of such research projects are currently being tested for use in clinical practice. Although these tests have produced promising data so far, no epigenetically active agents or drugs targeting histone acetylation and/or methylation have actually entered clinical trials for CVDs, nor have they been approved by the FDA. To ensure the most effective prevention and treatment possible, further studies are required to understand the complex relationship between epigenetic regulation and the development of CVD. Similarly, several classes of RNA therapeutics are currently under development. The use of miRNAs and their targets as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CVDs is promising, but has not yet been realized. Further studies are necessary to improve our understanding of the involvement of lncRNA in regulating gene expression changes underlying heart failure. Through the data obtained from such studies, specific therapeutic strategies to avoid heart failure based on interference with incRNA pathways could be developed. Together, research and testing findings raise hope for enhancing the therapeutic armamentarium. This review presents the currently available data concerning epigenetic mechanisms and compounds involved in cardiovascular diseases, as well as preventive and therapeutic approaches against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- University Hospital of Tuebingen, Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Greißel A, Culmes M, Burgkart R, Zimmermann A, Eckstein HH, Zernecke A, Pelisek J. Histone acetylation and methylation significantly change with severity of atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 25:79-86. [PMID: 26764138 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze histone acetylation, methylation, and the expression of their corresponding transferases in atherosclerotic plaques of patients with carotid artery stenosis. METHODS Atherosclerotic tissue from our biobank (n=80) was divided into various segments covering all plaque stages and classified according to the American Heart Association. The plaques were assigned to early (types I-III) or advanced (types V-VII) stage group of atherosclerosis. Ten healthy carotid arteries from transplant donors served as controls. The expression of histone acetyltransferases (GNAT group: GCN5L, P300/CBP group: P300, MYST group: MYST1 and MYST2) and histone methyltransferases (H3K4: MLL2/4, SET7/9, and hSET1A; H3K9: SUV39H1, SUV39H2, ESET/SETDB1, and EHMT1; H3K27: EZH2 and G9a) was analyzed by SYBR-green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. Histone acetylation/methylation in the cells within atherosclerotic plaques was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Increased histone acetylation was observed on H3K9 and H3K27 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in advanced atherosclerotic lesions compared to healthy vessels (P=.002 and .034). H3K9 acetylation in SMCs and macrophages was associated with plaque severity of atherosclerosis (P=.048 and <.001). Expression of GCN5L and MYST1 also correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis (P<.001). Methylation of H3K9 and H3K27 was significantly reduced in atherosclerotic plaques in SMCs and inflammatory cells (P<.001 and .026). Methylation on H3K4 was significantly associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Expression of methyltransferase MLL2/4 was increased in advanced stages of atherosclerosis (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Histone acetylation and methylation seem to play a decisive role in atherosclerosis, showing significant differences between healthy vessels and vessels at different stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greißel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Mihaela Culmes
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Rainer Burgkart
- Clinic of Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Alexander Zimmermann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany.
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Kim JD, Lee A, Choi J, Park Y, Kang H, Chang W, Lee MS, Kim J. Epigenetic modulation as a therapeutic approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e175. [PMID: 26228095 PMCID: PMC4525299 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but progressive and currently incurable disease, which is characterized by vascular remodeling in association with muscularization of the arterioles, medial thickening and plexiform lesion formation. Despite our advanced understanding of the pathogenesis of PAH and the recent therapeutic advances, PAH still remains a fatal disease. In addition, the susceptibility to PAH has not yet been adequately explained. Much evidence points to the involvement of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases including cancer, peripheral hypertension and asthma. The knowledge gained from the epigenetic study of various human diseases can also be applied to PAH. Thus, the pursuit of novel therapeutic targets via understanding the epigenetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA, might be an attractive therapeutic avenue for the development of a novel and more effective treatment. This review provides a general overview of the current advances in epigenetics associated with PAH, and discusses the potential for improved treatment through understanding the role of epigenetics in the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aram Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihea Choi
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsook Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesoo Kang
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Konradi J, Mollenhauer M, Baldus S, Klinke A. Redox-sensitive mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction in heart failure. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:721-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1027200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schiano C, Vietri MT, Grimaldi V, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Napoli C. Epigenetic-related therapeutic challenges in cardiovascular disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:226-35. [PMID: 25758254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress in human genetic and genomic research has led to the identification of genetic variants associated with specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have analyzed the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in the development and progression of CVD. Preliminary work has investigated the correlations between DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms with CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiac hypertrophy. Remarkably, both in utero programming and postnatal hypercholesterolemia may affect the epigenetic signature in the human cardiovascular system, thereby providing novel early epigenetic-related pharmacological insights. Interestingly, some dietary compounds, including polyphenols, cocoa, and folic acid, can modulate DNA methylation status, whereas statins may promote epigenetic-based control in CVD prevention through histone modifications. We review recent findings on the epigenetic control of cardiovascular system and new challenges for therapeutic strategies in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Picascia
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Pascale
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Grimaldi V, Vietri MT, Schiano C, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Fiorito C, Casamassimi A, Napoli C. Epigenetic reprogramming in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:476. [PMID: 25433555 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent data support the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation although also histone code changes occur during the diverse steps of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial cell proliferation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, and inflammatory pathway activation. In this review, we focus on the main genes that are epigenetically modified during the atherogenic process, particularly nitric oxide synthase (NOS), estrogen receptors (ERs), collagen type XV alpha 1 (COL15A1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and ten-eleven translocation (TET), which are involved in endothelial dysfunction; gamma interferon (IFN-γ), forkhead box p3 (FOXP3), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), associated with atherosclerotic inflammatory process; and p66shc, lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX1), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, which are regulated by high cholesterol and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in atherosclerosis. NcRNAs are involved in epigenetic regulation of endothelial function, SMC proliferation, cholesterol synthesis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy,
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27
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Herrera EA, Macchiavello R, Montt C, Ebensperger G, Díaz M, Ramírez S, Parer JT, Serón-Ferré M, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ. Melatonin improves cerebrovascular function and decreases oxidative stress in chronically hypoxic lambs. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:33-42. [PMID: 24811332 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia during gestation and delivery results in oxidative stress and cerebrovascular dysfunction in the neonate. We assessed whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant and potential vasodilator, improves the cerebral vascular function in chronically hypoxic neonatal lambs gestated and born in the highlands (3600 m). Six lambs received melatonin (1 mg/kg per day oral) and six received vehicle, once a day for 8 days. During treatment, biometry and hemodynamic variables were recorded. After treatment, lambs were submitted to a graded FiO2 protocol to assess cardiovascular responses to oxygenation changes. At 12 days old, middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were collected for vascular reactivity, morphostructural, and immunostaining evaluation. Melatonin increased fractional growth at the beginning and improved carotid blood flow at all arterial PO2 levels by the end of the treatment (P < 0.05). Further, melatonin treatment improved vascular responses to potassium, serotonin, methacholine, and melatonin itself (P < 0.05). In addition, melatonin enhanced the endothelial response via nitric oxide-independent mechanisms in isolated arteries (162 ± 26 versus 266 ± 34 AUC, P < 0.05). Finally, nitrotyrosine staining as an oxidative stress marker decreased in the MCA media layer of melatonin-treated animals (0.01357 ± 0.00089 versus 0.00837 ± 0.00164 pixels/μm2 , P < 0.05). All the melatonin-induced changes were associated with no systemic cardiovascular alterations in vivo. In conclusion, oral treatment with melatonin modulates cerebral vascular function, resulting in a better cerebral perfusion and reduced oxidative stress in the neonatal period in chronically hypoxic lambs. Melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and developmental hypoxia in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Putre, Chile
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28
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Herrera EA, Krause B, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Casanello P, Parra-Cordero M, Llanos AJ. The placental pursuit for an adequate oxidant balance between the mother and the fetus. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:149. [PMID: 25009498 PMCID: PMC4068002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the exchange organ that regulates metabolic processes between the mother and her developing fetus. The adequate function of this organ is clearly vital for a physiologic gestational process and a healthy baby as final outcome. The umbilico-placental vasculature has the capacity to respond to variations in the materno-fetal milieu. Depending on the intensity and the extensity of the insult, these responses may be immediate-, mediate-, and long-lasting, deriving in potential morphostructural and functional changes later in life. These adjustments usually compensate the initial insults, but occasionally may switch to long-lasting remodeling and dysfunctional processes, arising maladaptation. One of the most challenging conditions in modern perinatology is hypoxia and oxidative stress during development, both disorders occurring in high-altitude and in low-altitude placental insufficiency. Hypoxia and oxidative stress may induce endothelial dysfunction and thus, reduction in the perfusion of the placenta and restriction in the fetal growth and development. This Review will focus on placental responses to hypoxic conditions, usually related with high-altitude and placental insufficiency, deriving in oxidative stress and vascular disorders, altering fetal and maternal health. Although day-to-day clinical practice, basic and clinical research are clearly providing evidence of the severe impact of oxygen deficiency and oxidative stress establishment during pregnancy, further research on umbilical and placental vascular function under these conditions is badly needed to clarify the myriad of questions still unsettled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Krause
- División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - German Ebensperger
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Parra-Cordero
- Unidad Materno-Fetal, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal J Llanos
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile ; International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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29
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Saco TV, Parthasarathy PT, Cho Y, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Role of epigenetics in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1101-5. [PMID: 24717578 PMCID: PMC4060002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00314.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of research has been conducted to examine the pathologic processes and epigenetic mechanisms contributing to peripheral hypertension. However, few studies have been carried out to understand the vascular remodeling behind pulmonary hypertension (PH), including peripheral artery muscularization, medial hypertrophy and neointima formation in proximal arteries, and plexiform lesion formation. Similarly, research examining some of the epigenetic principles that may contribute to this vascular remodeling, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, is minimal. The understanding of these principles may be the key to developing new and more effective treatments for PH. The purpose of this review is to summarize epigenetic research conducted in the field of hypertension that could possibly be used to understand the epigenetics of PH. Possible future therapies that could be pursued using information from these studies include selective histone deacetylase inhibitors and targeted DNA methyltransferases. Both of these could potentially be used to silence proproliferative or antiapoptotic genes that lead to decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation. Epigenetics may provide a glimmer of hope for the eventual improved treatment of this highly morbid and debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara V Saco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Young Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Abstract
The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension include dietary factors, metabolic, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, neuroendocrine imbalances, sodium retention, glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Visceral adipose tissue also becomes resistant to insulin and leptin and is the site of altered secretion of molecules and hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF and IL-6, which exacerbate obesity-associated cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence also suggests that the gut microbiome is important for modulating these mechanisms. Uric acid and altered incretin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity further contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension is especially relevant to premenopausal women with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus who are at high risk of developing arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. In this Review we discuss the relationship between obesity and hypertension with special emphasis on potential mechanisms and therapeutic targeting that might be used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G DeMarco
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Allen RP, Schelegle ES, Bennett SH. Diverse forms of pulmonary hypertension remodel the arterial tree to a high shear phenotype. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H405-17. [PMID: 24858853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00144.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with progressive changes in arterial network complexity. An allometric model is derived that integrates diameter branching complexity between pulmonary arterioles of generation n and the main pulmonary artery (MPA) via a power-law exponent (X) in dn = dMPA2(-n/X) and the arterial area ratio β = 2(1-2/X). Our hypothesis is that diverse forms of PH demonstrate early decrements in X independent of etiology and pathogenesis, which alters the arteriolar shear stress load from a low-shear stress (X > 2, β > 1) to a high-shear stress phenotype (X < 2, β < 1). Model assessment was accomplished by comparing theoretical predictions to retrospective morphometric and hemodynamic measurements made available from a total of 221 PH-free and PH subjects diagnosed with diverse forms (World Health Organization; WHO groups I-IV) of PH: mitral stenosis, congenital heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease, chronic thromboembolism, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), familial (FPAH), collagen vascular disease, and methamphetamine exposure. X was calculated from pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), cardiac output (Q) and body weight (M), utilizing an allometric power-law prediction of X relative to a PH-free state. Comparisons of X between PAH-free and PAH subjects indicates a characteristic reduction in area that elevates arteriolar shear stress, which may contribute to mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and injury before clinically defined thresholds of pulmonary vascular resistance and PH. We conclude that the evaluation of X may be of use in identifying reversible and irreversible phases of PH in the early course of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roblee P Allen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California
| | - Edward S Schelegle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Respiratory Disease Unit, California National Primate Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Stephen H Bennett
- Respiratory Disease Unit, California National Primate Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Breton CV, Park C, Siegmund K, Gauderman WJ, Whitfield-Maxwell L, Hodis HN, Avol E, Gilliland FD. NOS1 methylation and carotid artery intima-media thickness in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:116-22. [PMID: 24622112 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular health by maintaining and regulating vascular tone and blood flow. Epigenetic regulation of NO synthase (NOS), the genes responsible for NO production, may affect cardiovascular disease, including the development of atherosclerosis in children. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured percentage DNA methylation using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing assays on DNA from buccal cells provided by 377 participants of the Children's Health Study on whom carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were also collected. We examined a total of 16 CpG loci located within NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3, ARG1, and ARG2 genes responsible for NO production. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. The association between percentage DNA methylation in ARG and NOS genes with CIMT was evaluated using linear regression adjusted for sex, ethnicity, body mass index, age at CIMT, town of residence, and experimental plate for pyrosequencing reactions. Differences in the association by ethnicity and ancestral group were also evaluated. For a 1% increase in average DNA methylation of NOS1, CIMT increased by 1.2 μm (P=0.02). This association was greater in Hispanic children of Native American descent (β=2.3; P=0.004) than in non-Hispanic whites (β=0.3; P=0.71) or Hispanic whites (β=1.0; P=0.35). CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation of NOS1 has a plausible role in atherogenesis through regulation of NO production, although ancestry may alter the magnitude of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Li X, Jiang XY, Ge J, Wang J, Chen GJ, Xu L, Xie DY, Yuan TY, Zhang DS, Zhang H, Chen YH. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in primary varicose great saphenous veins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86156. [PMID: 24497937 PMCID: PMC3908920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulatory molecules involved in a variety of biological processes and human diseases. However, the pathological effects of lncRNAs on primary varicose great saphenous veins (GSVs) remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs involved in the prevalence of GSV varicosities and predict their potential functions. Using microarray with 33,045 lncRNA and 30,215 mRNA probes, 557 lncRNAs and 980 mRNAs that differed significantly in expression between the varicose great saphenous veins and control veins were identified in six pairs of samples. These lncRNAs were sub-grouped and mRNAs expressed at different levels were clustered into several pathways with six focused on metabolic pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR replication of nine lncRNAs was performed in 32 subjects, validating six lncRNAs (AF119885, AK021444, NR_027830, G36810, NR_027927, uc.345-). A coding-non-coding gene co-expression network revealed that four of these six lncRNAs may be correlated with 11 mRNAs and pathway analysis revealed that they may be correlated with another 8 mRNAs associated with metabolic pathways. In conclusion, aberrantly expressed lncRNAs for GSV varicosities were here systematically screened and validated and their functions were predicted. These findings provide novel insight into the physiology of lncRNAs and the pathogenesis of varicose veins for further investigation. These aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may serve as new therapeutic targets for varicose veins. The Human Ethnics Committee of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine approved the study (NO.: 2011-DF-53).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan-Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-You Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Monocytes/macrophages play a decisive role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It is currently unknown what stimuli initiate and orchestrate the activation of these cells in atherogenesis. In this review, we postulate that the novel concept of 'trained immunity' modulates the development and progression of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, results from our laboratory challenged the current paradigm that innate immunity is static and does not have an immunological memory. Stimulation by various microbial products, including Candida albicans and bacille Calmette-Guérin, appeared to bring monocytes into a long-term enhanced functional state, showing a stronger proinflammatory response to a second stimulus. This 'trained immunity' was mediated by increased and stable histone methylation. SUMMARY We describe the hypothesis that this functional reprogramming of monocytes, either by microbial products or by metabolic products, contributes to atherogenesis and propose epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes as a novel pharmacological target for preventing or treating atherosclerosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre bNijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i) cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Breitling LP. Current Genetics and Epigenetics of Smoking/Tobacco-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1468-72. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic factors are of great importance in cardiovascular biology and disease. Tobacco-smoking, one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors, is itself partially determined by genetic background and is associated with altered epigenetic patterns. This could render the genetics and epigenetics of smoking-related cardiovascular disease a textbook example of environmental epigenetics and modern approaches to multimodal data analysis. A pronounced association of smoking-related methylation patterns in the
F2RL3
gene with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease has recently been described. Nonetheless, surprisingly little concrete knowledge on the role of specific genetic variants and epigenetic modifications in the development of cardiovascular diseases in people who smoke has been accumulated. Beyond the current knowledge, the present review briefly outlines some chief challenges and priorities for moving forward in this field.
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Kloos W, Katus HA, Meder B. Genetic cardiomyopathies. Lessons learned from humans, mice, and zebrafish. Herz 2013; 37:612-7. [PMID: 22767018 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-012-3651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a multifactorial disease of the heart muscle and a leading cause of congestive heart failure. Human genetic studies and the establishment of suitable animal models such as mice and zebrafish have already revealed parts of its genetic etiology. With the next generation of genomic sequencing technologies (NGS) on the rise, the comprehensive genetic dissection of DCM patients will reveal clinically relevant information, novel causes, and modifiers of this complex disorder. The recent exploration of the epigenome as another mechanism of cardiac gene regulation will further elucidate unexplained variations observed in the correlation between the patient's genotype and phenotype. Some of these intriguing advances being made in basic genetic research will soon find their way into clinical practice for more individualized treatment of cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kloos
- Abteilung Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pulmologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Gemany
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Webster ALH, Yan MSC, Marsden PA. Epigenetics and cardiovascular disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:46-57. [PMID: 23261320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A commonly-assumed paradigm holds that the primary genetic determinant of cardiovascular disease resides within the DNA sequence of our genes. This paradigm can be challenged. For example, how do sequence changes in the non-coding region of the genome influence phenotype? Why are all diseases not shared between identical twins? Part of the answer lies in the fact that the environment or exogenous stimuli clearly influence disease susceptibility, but it was unclear in the past how these effects were signalled to the static DNA code. Epigenetics is providing a newer perspective on these issues. Epigenetics refers to chromatin-based mechanisms important in the regulation of gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence per se. The field can be broadly categorized into three areas: DNA base modifications (including cytosine methylation and cytosine hydroxymethylation), post-translational modifications of histone proteins, and RNA-based mechanisms that operate in the nucleus. Cardiovascular disease pathways are now being approached from the epigenetic perspective, including those associated with atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and the cardiovascular response to hypoxia and shear stress, among many others. With increasing interest and expanding partnerships in the field, we can expect new insights to emerge from epigenetic perspectives of cardiovascular health. This paper reviews the principles governing epigenetic regulation, discusses their presently-understood importance in cardiovascular disease, and considers the growing significance we are likely to attribute to epigenetic contributions in the future, as they provide new mechanistic insights and a host of novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L H Webster
- Keenan Research Centre and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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