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Xu S, Cao J, Wu M, Xu Y, Wu Y, Shang K, Ma B, Zhang L, Chen D, Liu X, Yan X, Xu J. Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis Through Co-culturing With Algoriphagus marincola. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:10.1007/s10126-023-10219-2. [PMID: 37289264 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isochrysis zhangjiangensis is an important microalgal species used as bait in aquaculture. However, its optimal cultivation temperature is around 25 °C, limiting its use in summer when temperature is higher. To overcome this limitation, we aimed to develop a consortia of I. zhangjiangensis and bacteria that are more resistant to heat stress. Here, six thermotolerance-promoting bacterial strains were isolated from the culture of a heat-tolerant mutant strain of I. zhangjiangensis (IM), and identified as Algoriphagus marincola, Nocardioides sp., Pseudidiomarina sp., Labrenzia alba, Nitratireductor sp., and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Further, co-culturing I. zhangjiangensis with A. marincola under high temperature conditions increased cell density, chlorophyll a, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and soluble protein content of microalgae. The presence of A. marincola positively influenced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in I. zhangjiangensis cells, while concurrently reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, gene expression studies confirmed that co-culturing with A. marincola upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes (sod and pod) and stress tolerance genes (heat shock protein genes). Our findings indicate that A. marincola effectively helps I. zhangjiangensis withstand high temperature stress, leading to improved yield of microalgae during high temperature conditions. The thermotolerance-promoting bacteria can be exploited as potential inoculants for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of bait microalgae in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Minnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
- Laizhou Bay Marine Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, China
| | - Kaixi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Laizhou Bay Marine Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deshui Chen
- Fujian Dalai Seed Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Ningde, 352101, Fujian, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Laizhou Bay Marine Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, Zhejiang, China.
- Fujian Dalai Seed Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Ningde, 352101, Fujian, China.
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Chokshi K, Pancha I, Trivedi K, Maurya R, Ghosh A, Mishra S. Physiological responses of the green microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus to temperature induced oxidative stress conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:462-473. [PMID: 32812254 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is the most critical factor that directly affects the physiological functioning and metabolic activities of any organism. With rising global temperature, understanding the heat stress response of an organism is critically important. In the present study, we investigated differences in the early changes occurring upon heat stress in the green microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus, a potential strain for biofuel production. The cells were heat-stressed at 45 and 50°C for 24 h and the temporal response of cells in terms of growth, pigments content, levels of oxidative stress biomarkers i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the response of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant scavengers were evaluated. The results revealed that after 24 h of heat stress at 45°C, the accumulations of chlorophyll a and carotenoids remained stable; all three ROS increased with the higher activities of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. On the contrary, at a higher temperature of 50°C, the accumulations of chlorophyll a, carotenoids and non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced drastically while the accumulations of all three ROS and the response of enzymatic antioxidants were significantly higher than those at 45°C. These results suggest that the cells utilize several stress acclimatization mechanisms to cope up the heat stress. There was a dramatic difference in the physiological changes and cellular antioxidant mechanism upon heat stress at 45 and 50°C. The cellular defense response of A. dimorphus gets impaired after heat stress at 50°C but remains active at 45°C, exhibiting the heat resistance and, thus, the thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaumeel Chokshi
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Imran Pancha
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Department of Biology, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Khanjan Trivedi
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rahulkumar Maurya
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology & Biotechnology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Ko TH, Leu KL, Hsu BD, Lee TC. Protein Expression Analysis in Reversible Photobleached Cells of Scenedesmus vacuolatus after High Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3082. [PMID: 31238532 PMCID: PMC6627643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed protein expression in the bleached small vegetative cells of synchronous Scenedesmus vacuolatus to investigate how unicellular algae lived through stress. These cells were subjected to heat treatment (46.5 °C for 1h in dark condition) and then cultured under continuous illumination for 24 h. Flow cytometry analysis of the chlorophyll autofluorescence intensity of S. vacuolatus cells indicated that heat-treated cells were completely bleached within 24 h of light cultivation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that bleached cells maintained thylakoid membrane structure, but with lower contrast. The bleached cells regained green color after 72 h, along with a recovery in contrast, which indicated a return of photosynthetic ability. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) showed that the protein expression patterns were very difference between control and bleached cells. ATP synthase subunits and glutamine synthetase were down-regulated among the many differences, while some of phototransduction, stress response proteins were up-regulated in bleached cells, elucidating bleached cells can undergo changes in their biochemical activity, and activate some stress response proteins to survive the heat stress and then revive. In addition, small heat shock proteins (HSPs), but not HSP40 and HSP70 family proteins, protected the bleaching cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsing Ko
- Anxi College of Tea Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Kuen-Lin Leu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Section 1, Erren Rd. Rende Dist., Tainan City 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Ban-Dar Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tzan-Chain Lee
- Anxi College of Tea Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Iummato MM, Fassiano A, Graziano M, Dos Santos Afonso M, Ríos de Molina MDC, Juárez ÁB. Effect of glyphosate on the growth, morphology, ultrastructure and metabolism of Scenedesmus vacuolatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:471-479. [PMID: 30738229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a commercial glyphosate formulation on the oxidative stress parameters and morphology (including the ultrastructure) of the phytoplanktonic green microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus were evaluated. After 96 h of exposure to increasing herbicide concentrations (0, 4, 6, 8 mg L-1 active ingredient) with the addition of alkyl aryl polyglycol ether surfactant, the growth of the cultures decreased (96 h-IC50- 4.90 mg L-1) and metabolic and morphology alterations were observed. Significant increases in cellular volume (103-353%) and dry weight (105%) and a significant decrease in pigment content (41-48%) were detected. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly affected, showing an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and a decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Cells exposed to glyphosate formulation were larger and showed an increase in vacuole size, bleaching, cell wall thickening and alteration of the stacking pattern of thylakoids. The results of this study showed the participation of oxidative stress in the mechanism of toxic action of the commercial glyphosate formulation on S. vacuolatus and the relation between the biochemical, morphological and ultrastructure alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Iummato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabella Fassiano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Graziano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Dos Santos Afonso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Ríos de Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Beatriz Juárez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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The Carotenogenic Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/20 Produces Enhanced Levels of Carotenoid under Specific Nutrients Limitation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7532897. [PMID: 29854788 PMCID: PMC5952566 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7532897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is the popular microalga for β-carotene production. There is still a growing demand for the best strain identification and growth conditions optimization for maximum carotenoids production. Some strains are noncarotenogenic while other strains may respond differently to applied growth conditions and produce enhanced carotenoid levels. This study tested the carotenogenic ability of Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/20 under sixteen stress conditions and certain biochemical changes in response to specific stress were investigated. This study identified the above strain as carotenogenic, which produces maximum carotenoids under high light (240 μmol photons m−2 sec−1) when combined nitrogen and micronutrients (Cu or CuMn) were limited. Based on the intensity of extracted ions chromatograms, lutein (m/z 568.4357) appears as the major carotenoid followed by β-carotene (m/z 536.4446) and α-carotene (m/z 536.4435). A polypeptide of 28.3 kDa appeared while another polypeptide of 25.5 kDa disappeared in stress cells as compared to noncarotenogenic cells. Expression levels of antioxidative-enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1, H2O2-resistant) remained identical, while the prominent H2O2-sensitive isoforms SOD2 and SOD3 were downregulated during carotenogenic conditions. Overall, increased carotenoids levels might be due to the response of differential expression of specific polypeptides and retention of H2O2-resistant SOD, which eventually might help the organism to thrive in the tested stress conditions.
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Lee TC, Hsu BD. The reversible degeneration of heat-treated Scenedesmus vacuolatus under continuous light cultivation conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1201-1211. [PMID: 24599588 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To find out how microalgae cope with heat stress, the small vegetative cells of a synchronous Scenedesmus vacuolatus culture were subjected to heat treatment and then cultured under continuous illumination. The heat-treated cells were found first to enter a degenerative intermediate stage with low cellular activities almost right after the start of the cultivation, which was then followed by a revival. The changes in physiological activities and morphology of the treated cells throughout the whole period of regeneration were explored. The variations in cellular DNA content and protein composition were also investigated. Stressed cells at the end of the degeneration stage were completely bleached and were also characterized by condensed but undegraded chromatin, partially disintegrated chloroplasts but with the thylakoid membrane system retained, partially operating mitochondria, intact plasma membranes, and a dramatically changed profile of cellular proteins. All of our data indicate they were still alive but in a different physiological state than the control cells. Recovery started with regeneration of mitochondrial cristae and redispersion of chromatins. These were followed by regreening and resuscitation of chloroplasts, which often started from one part of a thylakoid membrane system and then spread out. This study provided a unicellular model for studying how plant cells react to a period of stress and recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzan-Chain Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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