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Murad HAS, Bakarman MA. Could Plasma CXCL12 Predict Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Severe Myocardial Infarction? Int J Angiol 2023; 32:165-171. [PMID: 37576533 PMCID: PMC10421681 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma level of chemokine CXCL12 can predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, but data on its relationship with severity of coronary stenosis in cases of severe myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce and conflicting. The objective of this study was to investigate link between plasma CXCL12 levels and different grades of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in statin-treated and -untreated patients with severe MI. A total of 198 consecutive patients with first-time severe MI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction [STEMI], n = 121 and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction [NSTEMI], n = 77) were recruited from Coronary Care Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital. They have one to two coronary arteries blocked ≥50%, or three arteries blocked 30 to 49%. Demographic and clinical criteria were collected and plasma CXCL12 level was measured. No correlations were detected between demographic and clinical criteria and CXCL12 level. While troponin peaks and LVEF significantly differed between STEMI and NSTEMI patients, CXCL12 level showed nonsignificant changes. Plasma CXCL12 levels decreased significantly in statin-treated patients compared with those untreated. From receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, high CXCL12 levels were associated with no statin therapy. For STEMI and NSTEMI patients, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CXCL12 test were 0.685 and 0.820, while sensitivity and specificity values were 75.9 and 54.8%, and 73.1 and 84%, respectively. Plasma CXCL12 levels showed nonsignificant changes with different ranges of LVEF and troponin peaks. In patients with severe MI, irrespective of statin therapy, plasma CXCL12 showed no correlation with different ranges of LVEF suggesting that it cannot predict left ventricular dysfunction in these cases. However, cross-sectional design of this study is a limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan A. Bakarman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Claesen K, Sim Y, Basir S, De Belder S, van den Keybus T, Van Edom G, Stoffelen H, De Keulenaer GW, Bosmans J, Bringmans T, De Meester I, Hendriks D. Atorvastatin downregulates plasma procarboxypeptidase U concentrations and improves fibrinolytic potential dose-dependently in hyperlipidemic individuals. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1266-1273. [PMID: 36740042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins efficiently lower cholesterol and also exert pleiotropic effects that extend beyond lipid lowering. In a recent pilot study, valuable information on the carboxypeptidase U (CPU) system in hyperlipidemia and the effect of statin therapy was collected. It was shown that proCPU levels are increased in hyperlipidemic patients. Statins significantly decreased proCPU levels and improved plasma fibrinolysis. Furthermore, it was suggested that patients with high baseline proCPU levels are most likely to benefit from statin therapy. OBJECTIVES We aimed to further substantiate the effect of hyperlipidemia and statin therapy on CPU-related parameters in a larger cohort of hyperlipidemic and statin-treated individuals. METHODS Blood was collected from 141 individuals treated with different dosages of atorvastatin (10-80 mg), 38 normolipidemic, and 37 hyperlipidemic controls. Lipid parameters and markers of fibrinolysis (proCPU and clot lysis time) were determined and compared between the groups. RESULTS Pilot study results of high proCPU concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients and the proCPU-reducing effect of atorvastatin were confirmed. Accordingly, an improvement in plasma fibrinolytic potential was seen under the influence of atorvastatin. High interindividual variation in proCPU concentrations was observed in the hyperlipidemic cohort, with up to 80% higher proCPU levels compared with normolipidemic controls. Furthermore, proCPU concentration and the dosage of atorvastatin were inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that plasma proCPU concentrations and its expected effect on the fibrinolytic rate (as measured by clot lysis time) are increased in hyperlipidemic patients and that these effects can be normalized (and even further reduced compared with normolipidemic patients) by atorvastatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Claesen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yani Sim
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shahir Basir
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cardiology ZNA Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Bosmans
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tijs Bringmans
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hendriks
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Tramadol regulates the activation of human platelets via Rac but not Rho/Rho-kinase. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279011. [PMID: 36638092 PMCID: PMC9838859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is a useful analgesic which acts as a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in addition to μ-opioid receptor agonist. Cytoplasmic serotonin modulates the small GTPase activity through serotonylation, which is closely related to the human platelet activation. We recently reported that the combination of subthreshold collagen and CXCL12 synergistically activates human platelets. We herein investigated the effect and the mechanism of tramadol on the synergistic effect. Tramadol attenuated the synergistically stimulated platelet aggregation (300 μM of tramadol, 64.3% decrease, p<0.05). Not morphine or reboxetine, but duloxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline attenuated the synergistic effect of the combination on the platelet aggregation (30 μM of fluvoxamine, 67.3% decrease, p<0.05; 30 μM of sertraline, 67.8% decrease, p<0.05). The geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor GGTI-286 attenuated the aggregation of synergistically stimulated platelet (50 μM of GGTI-286, 80.8% decrease, p<0.05), in which GTP-binding Rac was increased. The Rac1-GEF interaction inhibitor NSC23766 suppressed the platelet activation and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27 induced by the combination of collagen and CXCL12. Tramadol and fluvoxamine almost completely attenuated the levels of GTP-binding Rac and the phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and HSP27 stimulated by the combination. Suppression of the platelet aggregation after the duloxetine administration was observed in 2 of 5 patients in pain clinic. These results suggest that tramadol negatively regulates the combination of subthreshold collagen and CXCL12-induced platelet activation via Rac upstream of p38 MAPK.
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Chai H, Qu H, He S, Song L, Yang Y, Huang H, Shi D. Zedoarondiol inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating monocyte migration and adhesion via CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106328. [PMID: 35772647 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an essential pathological changes of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells are the critical pathological process in AS. Our previous studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of zedoarondiol in AS, but whether the mechanism is associated with monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-atherosclerotic effects of zedoarondiol were associated with decreasing migration and adhesion of monocytes. The oil red O staining demonstrated that zedoarondiol ameliorated AS plaques in en face aorta and aortic root of apolipoprotein E gene knocked (apoE-/-) mice. In vitro, zedoarondiol decreased human monocytic macrophage-like cell line (THP-1) monocytes migration and adhesion to endothelial cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNA-seq) in mice indicated that zedoarondiol decreased monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells by regulating CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) pathway, which was verified by Western blot of THP-1 monocytes;zedoarondiol also decreased the expressions of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF/κB), the downstream proteins of CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway. In conclusion, zedoarondiol ameliorated AS plaque and inhibited monocyte migration and adhesion to endothelial cells via regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway, suggesting that zedoarondiol might be a new promising drug for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shan He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lei Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Murad HAS, Rafeeq MM, Alqurashi TMA. Role and implications of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in atherosclerosis: still a debate. Ann Med 2021; 53:1598-1612. [PMID: 34494495 PMCID: PMC8439212 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1974084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CXCL12 is a member of the chemokine family exerting a myriad role in atherosclerosis through its classical CXCR4 and atypical ACKR3 (CXCR7) receptors. The modulatory and regulatory functional spectrum of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis spans from proatherogenic, prothrombotic and proinflammatory to atheroprotective, plaque stabilizer and dyslipidemia rectifier. This diverse continuum is executed in a wide range of biological units including endothelial cells (ECs), progenitor cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through complex heterogeneous and homogenous coupling of CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors, employing different downstream signalling pathways, which often cross-talk among themselves and with other signalling interactomes. Hence, a better understanding of this structural and functional heterogeneity and complex phenomenon involving CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis would not only help in formulation of novel therapeutics, but also in elucidation of the CXCL12 ligand and its receptors, as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Key messagesThe role of CXCL12 per se is proatherogenic in atherosclerosis development and progression.The CXCL12 receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3 perform both proatherogenic and athero-protective functions in various cell typesDue to functional heterogeneity and cross talk of CXCR4 and ACKR3 at receptor level and downstream pathways, regional boosting with specific temporal and spatial modulators of CXCL12, CXCR4 and ACKR3 need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer M. A. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chen W, Xie G, Lu Y, Wang J, Feng B, Wang Q, Xu K, Bao J. An improved osseointegration of metal implants by pitavastatin loaded multilayer films with osteogenic and angiogenic properties. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121260. [PMID: 34823885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of works have highlighted the importance of metal implants surface modification in enhancing bone defect healing through the synergistic osteogenesis-angiogenesis regulation. Studies have shown that pitavastatin has the effect of promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, how to prepare pitavastatin functionalized implants and how pitavastatin regulates the synergies of osteogenesis and angiogenesis around implants as well as the related mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, multilayer films with osteogenic and angiogenic properties were constructed on pure titanium substrates via the layer-by-layer assembly of pitavastatin-loaded β-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan and gelatin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that locally applied pitavastatin could dramatically enhance osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and angiogenic potential of endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, pitavastatin loaded multilayer films could regulate the paracrine signaling mediated crosstalk between MSCs and ECs, and indirectly increase the angiogenic potential of MSCs and osteogenic potential of ECs via multiple paracrine signaling. The results of subcutaneous and femur implantation confirmed that locally released pitavastatin had potentially triggered a chain of biological events: mobilizing endogenous stem cells and ECs to the implant-bone interface, in turn facilitating coupled osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and eventually enhancing peri-implant osseointegration. This study enlarges the application scope of pitavastatin and provides an optional choice for developing a multifunctional bioactive coating on the surfaces of mental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Guoliang Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kui Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, PR China
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7
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Riganti C, Todaro M, Kopecka J, Jones R, Salvetti C, Boccellato E, Perutelli F, Voena C, Godio L, Boccadoro M, Coscia M. Targeting HIF-1α Regulatory Pathways as a Strategy to Hamper Tumor-Microenvironment Interactions in CLL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122883. [PMID: 34207596 PMCID: PMC8229189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis regulate the interaction of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, the interconnections occurring between HIF-1 and the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis are not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in the positive regulation of the α subunit of HIF-1 (HIF-1α) that occurs in CLL cells co-cultured with stromal cells (SC). Inhibitors acting at different levels on CXCR4 downstream signalling counteract the SC-induced HIF-1α upregulation in CLL cells, also hindering the SC-mediated pro-survival effect. HIF-1α inhibition also exerts off-tumor effects on the SC component, inducing the downregulation of target genes, including CXCL12. Consistently, our data show that pretreatment of leukemic cells and/or SC with idelalisib effectively abrogates the SC-mediated survival support. A combined on-tumor and off-tumor inhibition of HIF-1α was also observed in idelalisib-treated patients, who showed, along with a downregulation of HIF-1α target genes in leukemic cells, a significant decrease in CXCL12 serum concentration and changes in the bone marrow microenvironment. Our data demonstrate that the targeting of HIF-1α or its regulatory pathways acts at the tumor- and SC-level, and may be an appealing strategy to overcome the microenvironment-mediated protection of CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Maria Todaro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Rebecca Jones
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Claudia Voena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Laura Godio
- Division of Pathology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Santena 5, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.V.); (V.G.); (M.T.); (R.J.); (C.S.); (E.B.); (F.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116336728; Fax: +39-0116963737
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Treatment with Atorvastatin During Vascular Remodeling Promotes Pericyte-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Maturation Following Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:905-922. [PMID: 33423214 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that newly formed vessels in ischemic rat brain have high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at 3 weeks after stroke due to a lack of major endothelial tight junction proteins (TJPs), which may exacerbate edema in stroke patients. Atorvastatin was suggested a dose-dependent pro-angiogenic effect and ameliorating BBB permeability beyond its cholesterol-lowering effects. This study examined our hypothesis that, during vascular remodeling after stroke, treatment with atorvastatin could facilitate BBB maturation in remodeling vasculature in ischemic brain. Adult spontaneously hypertensive rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO/RP). Atorvastatin, at dose of 3 mg/kg, was delivered daily starting at 14 days after MCAO/RP onset for 7 days. The rats were studied at multiple time points up to 8 weeks with multimodal-MRI, behavior tests, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry. The delayed treatment of atorvastatin significantly reduced infarct size and BBB permeability, restored cerebral blood flow, and improved the neurological outcome at 8 weeks after MCAO/RP. Postmortem studies showed that atorvastatin promoted angiogenesis and stabilized the newly formed vessels in peri-infarct areas. Importantly, atorvastatin facilitated maturation of BBB properties in the new vessels by promoting endothelial tight junction (TJ) formation. Further in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that proliferating peri-vascular pericytes expressing neural-glial antigen 2 (NG2) mediated the role of atorvastatin on BBB maturation through regulating endothelial TJ strand formations. Our results suggested a therapeutic potential of atorvastatin in facilitating a full BBB integrity and functional stroke recovery, and an essential role for pericyte-mediated endothelial TJ formation in remodeling vasculature.
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Yang Y, Torbey MT. Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Vascular Remodeling after Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1250-1265. [PMID: 32691713 PMCID: PMC7770645 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200720173316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a natural defense mechanism helping to restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected brain tissue following an ischemic stroke. By stimulating vessel growth, angiogenesis may stabilize brain perfusion, thereby promoting neuronal survival, brain plasticity, and neurologic recovery. However, therapeutic angiogenesis after stroke faces challenges: new angiogenesis-induced vessels have a higher than normal permeability, and treatment to promote angiogenesis may exacerbate outcomes in stroke patients. The development of therapies requires elucidation of the precise cellular and molecular basis of the disease. Microenvironment homeostasis of the central nervous system is essential for its normal function and is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tight junction proteins (TJP) form the tight junction (TJ) between vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and play a key role in regulating the BBB permeability. We demonstrated that after stroke, new angiogenesis-induced vessels in peri-infarct areas have abnormally high BBB permeability due to a lack of major TJPs in ECs. Therefore, promoting TJ formation and BBB integrity in the new vessels coupled with speedy angiogenesis will provide a promising and safer treatment strategy for improving recovery from stroke. Pericyte is a central neurovascular unite component in vascular barriergenesis and are vital to BBB integrity. We found that pericytes also play a key role in stroke-induced angiogenesis and TJ formation in the newly formed vessels. Based on these findings, in this article, we focus on regulation aspects of the BBB functions and describe cellular and molecular special features of TJ formation with an emphasis on role of pericytes in BBB integrity during angiogenesis after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, United States
| | - Michel T Torbey
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, United States
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Nakashima D, Onuma T, Tanabe K, Kito Y, Uematsu K, Mizutani D, Enomoto Y, Tsujimoto M, Doi T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tokuda H, Ogura S, Iwama T, Kozawa O, Iida H. Synergistic effect of collagen and CXCL12 in the low doses on human platelet activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241139. [PMID: 33119719 PMCID: PMC7595269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1, is a chemokine classified into CXC families, which exerts its function by binding to specific receptors called CXCR4 and CXCR7. Human platelets express CXCR4 and CXCR7 on the plasma membrane. It has been reported that CXCL12 potentiates to induce platelet aggregation in cooperation with agonists including collagen. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CXCL12 in human platelet activation are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of simultaneous stimulation with low doses of collagen and CXCL12 on the activation of human platelets. The simultaneous stimulation with collagen and CXCL12 induced the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB and the release of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) from human platelets in addition to their aggregation, despite the fact that the simultaneous stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and CXCL12 had little effects on the platelet aggregation. The agonist of Glycoprotein (GP) Ⅵ convulxin and CXCL12 also induced platelet aggregation synergistically. The monoclonal antibody against CXCR4 but not CXCR7 suppressed the platelet aggregation induced by simultaneous stimulation with collagen and CXCL12. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not p44/p42 MAPK, was induced by the simultaneous stimulation. In addition, the simultaneous stimulation with collagen and CXCL12 induced the phosphorylation of HSP27 and the subsequent release of phosphorylated-HSP27 from human platelets. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, attenuated the platelet aggregation, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27, the PDGF-AB secretion, the sCD40L release and the phosphorylated-HSP27 release induced by the simultaneous stimulation with collagen and CXCL12. These results strongly suggest that collagen and CXCL12 in low doses synergistically act to induce PDGF-AB secretion, sCD40L release and phosphorylated-HSP27 release from activated human platelets via p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakashima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Onuma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Kito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kodai Uematsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizutani
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Zhang S, Yue J, Ge Z, Xie Y, Zhang M, Jiang L. Activation of CXCR7 alleviates cardiac insufficiency after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis and reducing apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110168. [PMID: 32361166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important pathway for revascularization of ischemic tissues after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is unclear what role CXCR7 plays in angiogenesis in the ischemic area after AMI, although some researchers have shown that the activation of CXCR7 protectsthe heart under those conditions. Here, we hypothesize that the activation of CXCR7 promotes angiogenesis, reduces cell apoptosis and alleviates cardiac deficiency after AMI. C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to AMI and treated with TC14012 (10 mg/kg) for 24 days. HUVECs were cultured in a hypoxic (2% O2) environment to generate a model of hypoxia. CXCR7 was knocked down in HUVECs by sh-CXCR7 transfection, and CXCR7 was activated by TC14012 (30 μM) treatment. The results showed that CXCR7 was downregulated in infarcted heart tissue and hypoxic HUVECs. The global activation of CXCR7 may alleviate the decrease in cardiac function indexes - (ejection fraction and fraction shortening), and reduce infarct size after AMI.. Moreover, CXCR7 activation has been shown to enhance the level of angiogenesis in ischemic heart tissue. In vitro, hypoxia-induced angiogenic functional loss and apoptosis are aggravated by CXCR7 knockdown in HUVECs. Both angiogenic impairment and cell apoptosis are rescued by CXCR7 activation. In conclusion, the present study indicates that activation of CXCR7 plays an important protective role for ischemic cells in hypoxic endothelial cells and AMI model mice by promoting angiogenesis and reducing apoptosis, which suggests that CXCR7 may be a potential therapeutic target to rescue the ischemic myocardium..
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Jingwen Yue
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Zhuowang Ge
- Division of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200336, China.
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Li L, Du Z, Rong B, Zhao D, Wang A, Xu Y, Zhang H, Bai X, Zhong J. Foam cells promote atherosclerosis progression by releasing CXCL12. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193267. [PMID: 31894855 PMCID: PMC6970083 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that contributes to multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and foam cell formation plays important roles in the progression of AS. There is an urgent need to identify new molecular targets for treating AS, and thereby improve the quality of life and reduce the financial burden of individuals with CVD. METHODS An in vitro model of AS was generated by treating THP-1 cells and human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs). HA-VSMC proliferation and foam cell formation were detected by the MTT assay and Oil Red O staining. C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) expression was suppressed by siRNA. An AS rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet and vitamin D2 for 3 weeks. Histopathology examinations were conducted by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and the levels ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were determined by ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS An in vitro model of AS was established with THP-1 cells. CXCL12 expression in the model THP-1 cells was significantly increased when compared with its expression in control cells. Suppression of CXCL12 expression reduced the progression of AS in the cell model. Moreover, CXCL12 promoted AS in the in vivo rat model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CXCL12 plays an important role in promoting the progression of AS. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCL12 might suppress the development of AS by inhibiting HA-VSMC proliferation and their transformation to foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Zhenlan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dapeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Huanyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jingquan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Roles of Achieved Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein on Cardiovascular Outcome in Statin Therapy. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 2019:3824823. [PMID: 31885691 PMCID: PMC6906885 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3824823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In statin therapy, the prognostic role of achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in cardiovascular outcomes has not been fully elucidated. A total of 4,803 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-naïve patients who prescribed moderate intensity of statin therapy were followed up. Total and each component of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) according to LDL-C and hsCRP quartiles were compared. The incidence of 5-year total MACEs in the highest quartile group according to the followed-up hsCRP was higher than that in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.16, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between the highest and lowest quartiles of the achieved LDL-C (HR = 0.95, p = 0.743). After adjustment of potential confounders, the incidence of total death, de novo PCI, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure in the highest quartile of followed-up hsCRP, was higher than that in the lowest quartile (all p < 0.05). However, other components except for de novo PCI in the highest quartile by achieved LDL-C was not different to that in the lowest quartile. These results suggest that followed-up hsCRP can be more useful for predicting future cardiovascular outcome than achieved LDL-C in PCI-naïve patients with statin therapy.
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14
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Gao JH, He LH, Yu XH, Zhao ZW, Wang G, Zou J, Wen FJ, Zhou L, Wan XJ, Zhang DW, Tang CK. CXCL12 promotes atherosclerosis by downregulating ABCA1 expression via the CXCR4/GSK3β/β-catenin T120/TCF21 pathway. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:2020-2033. [PMID: 31662443 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a member of the CXC chemokine family and mainly acts on cell chemotaxis. CXCL12 also elicits a proatherogenic role, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully defined yet. We aimed to reveal if and how CXCL12 promoted atherosclerosis via regulating lipid metabolism. In vitro, our data showed that CXCL12 could reduce ABCA1 expression, and it mediated cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages to apoA-I. Data from the luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) stimulated the transcription of ABCA1 via binding to its promoter region, which was repressed by CXCL12. We found that CXCL12 increased the levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and the phosphorylation of β-catenin at the Thr120 position. Inactivation of GSK3β or β-catenin increased the expression of TCF21 and ABCA1. Further, knockdown or inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blocked the effects of CXCL12 on TCF21 and ABCA1 expression and the phosphorylation of GSK3β and β-catenin. In vivo, the overexpression of CXCL12 in Apoe-/- mice via lentivirus enlarged the atherosclerotic lesion area and increased macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. We further found that the overexpression of CXCL12 reduced the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C levels, decreased ABCA1 expression in the aorta and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), and suppressed cholesterol efflux from MPMs to apoA-I in Apoe-/- mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that CXCL12 interacts with CXCR4 and then activates the GSK-3β/β-cateninT120/TCF21 signaling pathway to inhibit ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages and aggravate atherosclerosis. Targeting CXCL12 may be a novel and promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Hao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Wen
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Wan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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15
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Gao JH, Yu XH, Tang CK. CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in atherosclerosis: An underlying therapeutic target. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:538-544. [PMID: 31145896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a specific chemokine ligand and plays a significant role in cell chemotaxis. Upon binding to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) or CXCR7, CXCL12 can activate different signaling cascades to regulate cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. CXCL12 exerts a pro-atherogenic action by aggravating multiple pathogenesis of atherogenesis, including dyslipidemia, inflammation, neointima hyperplasia, angiogenesis, and insulin resistance. Serum CXCL12 levels are also markedly increased in patients with atherosclerosis-associated disease. The present review focuses on recent advances in CXCL12 research in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis together with its clinical values. This may provide insight into potential novel therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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16
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Belgodere JA, King CT, Bursavich JB, Burow ME, Martin EC, Jung JP. Engineering Breast Cancer Microenvironments and 3D Bioprinting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 29881724 PMCID: PMC5978274 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical cue to direct tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been widely employed to understand breast cancer microenvironments over the past several decades, the 2D models still exhibit limited success. Overwhelming evidence supports that three dimensional (3D), physiologically relevant culture models are required to better understand cancer progression and develop more effective treatment. Such platforms should include cancer-specific architectures, relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-cancer cell interactions, immune components, vascular components, and cell-ECM interactions found in patient tumors. This review briefly summarizes how cancer microenvironments (stromal component, cell-ECM interactions, and molecular modulators) are defined and what emerging technologies (perfusable scaffold, tumor stiffness, supporting cells within tumors and complex patterning) can be utilized to better mimic native-like breast cancer microenvironments. Furthermore, this review emphasizes biophysical properties that differ between primary tumor ECM and tissue sites of metastatic lesions with a focus on matrix modulation of cancer stem cells, providing a rationale for investigation of underexplored ECM proteins that could alter patient prognosis. To engineer breast cancer microenvironments, we categorized technologies into two groups: (1) biochemical factors modulating breast cancer cell-ECM interactions and (2) 3D bioprinting methods and its applications to model breast cancer microenvironments. Biochemical factors include matrix-associated proteins, soluble factors, ECMs, and synthetic biomaterials. For the application of 3D bioprinting, we discuss the transition of 2D patterning to 3D scaffolding with various bioprinting technologies to implement biophysical cues to model breast cancer microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Connor T. King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacob B. Bursavich
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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17
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Abstract
Inflammatory cells and mediators are essential components in tumor microenvironment and play decisive roles in the initiation, proliferation, survival, promotion, invasion, or metastasis of lung cancer. Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggested a strong association between inflammation and lung cancer and an influence of immune surveillances and tumor responses to chemotherapeutic drugs, although roles of inflammation in lung cancer remain unclear. The present review outlined roles of inflammation in lung cancer, with particular focus on inflammatory components, types, biomarkers, or principal mechanisms by which the inflammation contributes to the development of lung cancer. The cancer-associated inflammatory cells (CICs) should be furthermore defined and include cancer-specific and interacted cells with inflammatory or inflammation-like characteristics, e.g., innate or adaptive immune cells and cancer tissue cells. We also discuss targeting potentials of inflammation in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. The diversity of cancer-related inflammatory microenvironment is instrumental to design novel therapeutic approaches for lung cancer.
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18
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Elevated Serum Levels of CXC Chemokine Ligand-12 Are Associated with Unfavorable Functional Outcome and Mortality at 6-Month Follow-up in Chinese Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:895-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Cole BK, Simmers MB, Feaver R, Qualls CW, Collado MS, Berzin E, Figler RA, Pryor AW, Lawson M, Mackey A, Manka D, Wamhoff BR, Turk JR, Blackman BR. An In Vitro Cynomolgus Vascular Surrogate System for Preclinical Drug Assessment and Human Translation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives—
The predictive value of animal and in vitro systems for drug development is limited, particularly for nonhuman primate studies as it is difficult to deduce the drug mechanism of action. We describe the development of an in vitro cynomolgus macaque vascular system that reflects the in vivo biology of healthy, atheroprone, or advanced inflammatory cardiovascular disease conditions.
Approach and Results—
We compare the responses of the in vitro human and cynomolgus vascular systems to 4 statins. Although statins exert beneficial pleiotropic effects on the human vasculature, the mechanism of action is difficult to investigate at the tissue level. Using RNA sequencing, we quantified the response to statins and report that most statins significantly increased the expression of genes that promote vascular health while suppressing inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Applying computational pathway analytics, we identified statin-regulated biological themes, independent of cholesterol lowering, that provide mechanisms for off-target effects, including thrombosis, cell cycle regulation, glycogen metabolism, and ethanol degradation.
Conclusions—
The cynomolgus vascular system described herein mimics the baseline and inflammatory regional biology of the human vasculature, including statin responsiveness, and provides mechanistic insight not achievable in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banumathi K. Cole
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Michael B. Simmers
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Ryan Feaver
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Charles W. Qualls
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - M. Sol Collado
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Erica Berzin
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Robert A. Figler
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Andrew W. Pryor
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Mark Lawson
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Aaron Mackey
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - David Manka
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Brian R. Wamhoff
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - James R. Turk
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
| | - Brett R. Blackman
- From the NASH Program (B.K.C., R.F.), Technology and Research Platforms (M.B.S.), Rare Diseases Program (M.S.C.), Vascular Program (E.B., D.M.), Pharmacology (R.A.F.), Cell Culture (A.W.P.), Computational Biology (M.L., A.M.), VP of Research and Development (B.R.W.), and Chief Scientific Officer (B.R.B.), HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, VA (B.K.C., M.B.S., R.F., M.S.C., E.B., R.A.F., A.W.P., M.L., A.M., D.M., B.R.W, B.R.B.); and Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences (C.W.Q., J.R.T.),
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20
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Ghasemzadeh N, Hritani AW, De Staercke C, Eapen DJ, Veledar E, Al Kassem H, Khayata M, Zafari AM, Sperling L, Hooper C, Vaccarino V, Mavromatis K, Quyyumi AA. Plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1α/CXCL12 level predicts long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:113-8. [PMID: 25461737 PMCID: PMC4721225 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stromal derived factor-1α/CXCL12 is a chemoattractant responsible for homing of progenitor cells to ischemic tissues. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma CXCL12 with long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS 785 patients aged: 63 ± 12 undergoing coronary angiography were independently enrolled into discovery (N = 186) and replication (N = 599) cohorts. Baseline levels of plasma CXCL12 were measured using Quantikine CXCL12 ELISA assay (R&D systems). Patients were followed for cardiovascular death and/or myocardial infarction (MI) for a mean of 2.6 yrs. Cox proportional hazard was used to determine independent predictors of cardiovascular death/MI. RESULTS The incidence of cardiovascular death/MI was 13% (N = 99). High CXCL12 level based on best discriminatory threshold derived from the ROC analysis predicted risk of cardiovascular death/MI (HR = 4.81, p = 1 × 10(-6)) independent of traditional risk factors in the pooled cohort. Addition of CXCL12 to a baseline model was associated with a significant improvement in c-statistic (AUC: 0.67-0.73, p = 0.03). Addition of CXCL12 was associated with correct risk reclassification of 40% of events and 10.5% of non-events. Similarly for the outcome of cardiovascular death, the addition of the CXCL12 to the baseline model was associated with correct reclassification of 20.7% of events and 9% of non-events. These results were replicated in two independent cohorts. CONCLUSION Plasma CXCL12 level is a strong independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD and improves risk reclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danny J Eapen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emir Veledar
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - A Maziar Zafari
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Craig Hooper
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kreton Mavromatis
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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21
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Döring Y, Pawig L, Weber C, Noels H. The CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis in cardiovascular disease. Front Physiol 2014; 5:212. [PMID: 24966838 PMCID: PMC4052746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 play an important homeostatic function by mediating the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and regulating their mobilization into peripheral tissues upon injury or stress. Although the CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction has long been regarded as a monogamous relation, the identification of the pro-inflammatory chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an important second ligand for CXCR4, and of CXCR7 as an alternative receptor for CXCL12, has undermined this interpretation and has considerably complicated the understanding of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and associated biological functions. This review aims to provide insight into the current concept of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in myocardial infarction (MI) and its underlying pathologies such as atherosclerosis and injury-induced vascular restenosis. It will discuss main findings from in vitro studies, animal experiments and large-scale genome-wide association studies. The importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in progenitor cell homing and mobilization will be addressed, as will be the function of CXCR4 in different cell types involved in atherosclerosis. Finally, a potential translation of current knowledge on CXCR4 into future therapeutical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Pawig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Germany ; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
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Jaipersad AS, Shantsila E, Blann A, Lip GYH. The effect of statin therapy withdrawal on monocyte subsets. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1307-13. [PMID: 24134608 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three functionally distinct monocyte subsets have been identified. Statins are of undoubted effect in atherosclerosis and have numerous pleiotropic effects that contribute to their clinical success, but the effect of these drugs on monocyte subsets is unclear. We hypothesised a beneficial effect of statins on key receptor expression by monocyte subsets. MATERIAL AND METHODS Effects of temporal (2 weeks) cessation of statin therapy by 66 patients with stable coronary artery disease on monocyte subsets [CD14++CD16-CCR2+ (Mon1), CD14++CD16+CCR2+ (Mon2) and CD14+CD16++CCR2- (Mon3)], their aggregates with platelets and their expression of a number of receptors involved in inflammation (IL-6 receptor), adhesion [vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)], angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and repair were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Statin cessation did not lead to any significant changes in absolute numbers of monocyte subsets or the degree of their aggregation with platelets. All monocyte subsets showed significant downregulation of expression of vascular endothelial factor receptor 2, Tie2 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4; all changes P < 0·01). Expression of CXCR4 was only reduced in Mon1 cells (P = 0·013). There was no significant change in the expression of CD14, CD16, CCR4, IL6 receptor and VCAM (all P = NS). CONCLUSIONS Statin withdrawal does not affect counts of any of monocyte subsets, but leads to downregulation of expression of TLR4 and receptors related to angiogenesis on all subsets, as well as a decrease in density of CXCR4 expression on 'classical' Mon1. These data provide further support of pleiotropic effects of statins and their effects on monocyte pro-angiogenic and proreparative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Jaipersad
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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