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Meng X, Xiao J, Wang J, Sun M, Chen X, Wu L, Chen K, Li Z, Feng C, Zhuansun D, Yang J, Wu X, Yu D, Li W, Niu Y, He Y, Wei M, Chen F, Xiong B, Feng J, Zhu T. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hirschsprung diseases - Associated Enterocolitis by Reducing M1 Macrophages Infiltration via COX-2 Dependent Mechanism. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:1498-1514. [PMID: 38508971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Hirschsprung disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a common life-threatening complication of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). We aimed to investigate the effectiveness, long-term safety and the underlying mechanisms of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy for HAEC. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS Specimens from HSCR and HAEC patients were used to assess the inflammatory condition. Ednrb knock-out mice was used as HAEC model. MSCs was intraperitoneally transplanted into HAEC mice. The therapy effects, long-term outcome, safety and toxicity and the mechanism of MSCs on the treatment of HAEC were explored in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Intestinal M1 macrophages infiltration and severe inflammation condition were observed in HAEC. After the injection of MSCs, HAEC mice showed significant amelioration of the inflammatory injury and inhibition of M1 macrophages infiltration. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) were decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) were increased. In addition, we found that effective MSCs homing to the inflamed colon tissue occurred without long-term toxicity response. However, COX-2 inhibitor could diminish the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Using MSCs and macrophages co-culture system, we identified that MSCs could alleviate HAEC by inhibiting M1 macrophages activation through COX-2-dependent MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS MSCs ameliorate HAEC by reducing M1 macrophages polarization via COX-2 mediated MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, thus providing novel insights and potentially promising strategy for the treatment or prevention of HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxian Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuyong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - ChenZhao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Didi Zhuansun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghai Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghua Niu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfa Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Center of Hirschsprung Disease and Allied Disorders, Wuhan, China.
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Peng Y. Development of novel treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:467-482. [PMID: 38078970 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes paralysis whose etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Presently it is incurable and rapidly progressive with a survival of 2-5 years from onset, and no treatments could cure it. Therefore, it is urgent to identify which therapeutic target(s) are more promising to develop treatments that could effectively treat ALS. So far, more than 90 novel treatments for ALS patients have been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, of which 23 are in clinical trials, 12 have been terminated and the rest suspended. This review will systematically summarize the possible targets of these novel treatments under development or failing based on published literature and information released by sponsors, so as to provide basis and support for subsequent drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Merino JJ, Cabaña-Muñoz ME. Nanoparticles and Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Therapy for Cancer Treatment: Focus on Nanocarriers and a si-RNA CXCR4 Chemokine Blocker as Strategies for Tumor Eradication In Vitro and In Vivo. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2068. [PMID: 38004925 PMCID: PMC10673568 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a high tropism for the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors. The combination of nanoparticles in MSCs decreases tumor growth in vitro as well as in rodent models of cancers in vivo. Covalent conjugation of nanoparticles with the surface of MSCs can significantly increase the drug load delivery in tumor sites. Nanoparticle-based anti-angiogenic systems (gold, silica and silicates, diamond, silver, and copper) prevented tumor growth in vitro. For example, glycolic acid polyconjugates enhance nanoparticle drug delivery and have been reported in human MSCs. Labeling with fluorescent particles (coumarin-6 dye) identified tumor cells using fluorescence emission in tissues; the conjugation of different types of nanoparticles in MSCs ensured success and feasibility by tracking the migration and its intratumor detection using non-invasive imaging techniques. However, the biosafety and efficacy; long-term stability of nanoparticles, and the capacity for drug release must be improved for clinical implementation. In fact, MSCs are vehicles for drug delivery with nanoparticles and also show low toxicity but inefficient accumulation in tumor sites by clearance of reticuloendothelial organs. To solve these problems, the internalization or conjugation of drug-loaded nanoparticles should be improved in MSCs. Finally, CXCR4 may prove to be a promising target for immunotherapy and cancer treatment since the delivery of siRNA to knock down this alpha chemokine receptor or CXCR4 antagonism has been shown to disrupt tumor-stromal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M.), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Huang Y, Yang H, Yang B, Zheng Y, Hou X, Chen G, Zhang W, Zeng X, DU B. Ginsenoside-Rg1 combined with a conditioned medium from induced neuron-like hUCMSCs alleviated the apoptosis in a cell model of ALS through regulating the NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:540-550. [PMID: 37517821 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. One important aspect of ALS pathogenesis is superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutant-mediated mitochondrial toxicity, leading to apoptosis in neurons. This study aimed to evaluate the neural protective synergistic effects of ginsenosides Rg1 (G-Rg1) and conditioned medium (CM) on a mutational SOD1 cell model, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that the contents of nerve growth factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor significantly increased in CM after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were exposed to neuron differentiation reagents for seven days. CM or G-Rg1 decreased the apoptotic rate of SOD1G93A-NSC34 cells to a certain extent, but their combination brought about the least apoptosis, compared with CM or G-Rg1 alone. Further research showed that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated in all the treatment groups. Proteins associated with mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, such as Bax, caspase 9 (Cas-9), and cytochrome c (Cyt c), were downregulated. Furthermore, CM or G-Rg1 also inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by reducing the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. CM/G-Rg1 or their combination also reduced the apoptotic rate induced by betulinic acid (BetA), an agonist of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, the combination of CM and G-Rg1 effectively reduced the apoptosis of SOD1G93A-NSC34 cells through suppressing the NF-κB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway (Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Biying Yang
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baoxin DU
- Labortory of Stem Cell Clinical Reaearch, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Labortory of Stem Cell Biology and Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Mead RJ, Shan N, Reiser HJ, Marshall F, Shaw PJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neurodegenerative disorder poised for successful therapeutic translation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:185-212. [PMID: 36543887 PMCID: PMC9768794 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons. As with all major neurodegenerative disorders, development of disease-modifying therapies has proven challenging for multiple reasons. Nevertheless, ALS is one of the few neurodegenerative diseases for which disease-modifying therapies are approved. Significant discoveries and advances have been made in ALS preclinical models, genetics, pathology, biomarkers, imaging and clinical readouts over the last 10-15 years. At the same time, novel therapeutic paradigms are being applied in areas of high unmet medical need, including neurodegenerative disorders. These developments have evolved our knowledge base, allowing identification of targeted candidate therapies for ALS with diverse mechanisms of action. In this Review, we discuss how this advanced knowledge, aligned with new approaches, can enable effective translation of therapeutic agents from preclinical studies through to clinical benefit for patients with ALS. We anticipate that this approach in ALS will also positively impact the field of drug discovery for neurodegenerative disorders more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Keapstone Therapeutics, The Innovation Centre, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ning Shan
- Aclipse Therapeutics, Radnor, PA, US
| | | | - Fiona Marshall
- MSD UK Discovery Centre, Merck, Sharp and Dohme (UK) Limited, London, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Keapstone Therapeutics, The Innovation Centre, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK.
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Giovannelli I, Higginbottom A, Kirby J, Azzouz M, Shaw PJ. Prospects for gene replacement therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:39-52. [PMID: 36481799 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. ALS causes death, usually within 2-5 years of diagnosis. Riluzole, the only drug currently approved in Europe for the treatment of this condition, offers only a modest benefit, increasing survival by 3 months on average. Recent advances in our understanding of causative or disease-modifying genetic variants and in the development of genetic therapy strategies present exciting new therapeutic opportunities for ALS. In addition, the approval of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of functional copies of the SMN1 gene to treat spinal muscular atrophy represents an important therapeutic milestone and demonstrates the potential of gene replacement therapies for motor neuron disorders. In this Review, we describe the current landscape of genetic therapies in ALS, highlighting achievements and critical challenges. In particular, we discuss opportunities for gene replacement therapy in subgroups of people with ALS, and we describe loss-of-function mutations that are known to contribute to the pathophysiology of ALS and could represent novel targets for gene replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giovannelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Cohen JA, Lublin FD, Lock C, Pelletier D, Chitnis T, Mehra M, Gothelf Y, Aricha R, Lindborg S, Lebovits C, Levy Y, Motamed Khorasani A, Kern R. Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:92-106. [PMID: 36113170 PMCID: PMC9896300 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous mesenchymal stem cell neurotrophic factor-secreting cells (NurOwn®) have the potential to modify underlying disease mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). OBJECTIVE This open-label phase II study was conducted to evaluate safety/efficacy of three intrathecal cell treatments. METHODS Eighteen participants with non-relapsing PMS were treated. The primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints included: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers; timed 25-foot walk speed, nine-hole peg test (9-HPT), low-contrast letter acuity, symbol digit modalities test, and 12-item multiple sclerosis (MS) walking scale. Seventeen participants received all treatments. RESULTS No deaths/adverse events related to worsening of MS, clinical/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activation, and clinically significant changes in safety lab results were reported. Two participants developed symptoms of low back and leg pain, consistent with a diagnosis of arachnoiditis, occurring in one of three intrathecal treatments in both participants. Nineteen percent of treated participants achieved pre-specified ⩾ 25% improvements in timed 25-foot walk speed/nine-HPT at 28 weeks compared to baseline, along with consistent efficacy signals for pre-specified response criteria across other secondary efficacy outcomes. CSF neuroprotective factors increased, and inflammatory biomarkers decreased after treatment, consistent with the proposed mechanism of action. CONCLUSION Based on these encouraging preliminary findings, further confirmation in a randomized study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Cohen
- JA Cohen Department of Neurology, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Fred D Lublin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoper Lock
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Munish Mehra
- Department of Statistics, Tigermed, Somerset, NJ, USA
| | - Yael Gothelf
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Revital Aricha
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacy Lindborg
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaim Lebovits
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yossef Levy
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afsaneh Motamed Khorasani
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Affairs, Eonian Stanzas LLC, Potomac, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Kern
- Department of Research & Development, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
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Włodarczyk P, Witczak M, Gajewska A, Chady T, Piotrowski I. The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive research on ALS therapies, only two lifespan-prolonging medications have been approved: Riluzole and Edaravone. Unravelling the TDP-43 pathology could help develop new ALS therapies using mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear export, autophagy, chaperones, or antisense oligonucleotides. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are drugs that block Exportin 1 (XPO1) and cause the accumulation of not exported molecules inside the nucleus. SINEs that target XPO1 are shown to slightly extend the survival of neurons and soften motor symptoms. Dysfunctional proteins, including TDP-43, can be eliminated through autophagocytosis, which is regulated by the mTOR kinase. Stimulating the elimination of protein deposits may be an effective ALS therapy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides that can bind and modulate specific RNA: via ribonuclease H, inducing their degradation or inducing alternative splicing via blocking primary RNA transcripts. Current ASOs therapies used in ALS focus on SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, and they may be used to slow the ALS progression. Reversing the aggregation is a promising therapeutic strategy. Chaperones control other proteins' quality and protect them against stress factors. Due to the irreversible character of ALS, it is essential to understand its complicated pathology better and to seek new therapies.
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Jiang F, Zhou H, Cheng Y, He Z, Meng P, Sun K, Wang P, Han X, Wang L, Yang M, Jiang N, Liu Y, Yuan C, Yang Q, An Y. Various detailed characteristics of a new enhanced neurotrophic factor secreting rat derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its preliminary application in rat models of ischemic stroke. Exp Cell Res 2022; 416:113140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ding Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Jin T, Liu X. The combination of autologous mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and neurotrophic factors as an intervention for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Anat 2022; 242:151921. [PMID: 35278658 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic progressive degeneration of motor neurons and has a high mortality. Riluzole and edaravone are the only approved medications currently being used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in clinical settings. However, they can lead to serious complications, such as injuries to the liver and kidney. To date, there is no effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this regard, investigations concerning the employment of exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, and neurotrophic factors to ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are attracting considerable attention in the scientific community. Herein, we systematically analyze the relationship relevant to autologous mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes, neurotrophic factors and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate immune response, mitigate oxidative stress, promote neuronal regeneration, and differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. Furthermore, exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells exert beneficial effects on their mother cells by preventing abnormal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Similarly, neurotrophic factors regulate inflammatory response, stimulate the neuron repair, and the recovery of neuronal functioning. Therefore, autologous mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes combined with neurotrophic factors could potentially be an effective interventional medium for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
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Najar M, Melki R, Khalife F, Lagneaux L, Bouhtit F, Moussa Agha D, Fahmi H, Lewalle P, Fayyad-Kazan M, Merimi M. Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Value, Challenges and Optimization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:716853. [PMID: 35096805 PMCID: PMC8795900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy aims to replace damaged resident cells by restoring cellular and molecular environments suitable for tissue repair and regeneration. Among several candidates, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a critical component of stromal niches known to be involved in tissue homeostasis. In vitro, MSCs appear as fibroblast-like plastic adherent cells regardless of the tissue source. The therapeutic value of MSCs is being explored in several conditions, including immunological, inflammatory and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. An improved understanding of their origin and function would facilitate their clinical use. The stemness of MSCs is still debated and requires further study. Several terms have been used to designate MSCs, although consensual nomenclature has yet to be determined. The presence of distinct markers may facilitate the identification and isolation of specific subpopulations of MSCs. Regarding their therapeutic properties, the mechanisms underlying their immune and trophic effects imply the secretion of various mediators rather than direct cellular contact. These mediators can be packaged in extracellular vesicles, thus paving the way to exploit therapeutic cell-free products derived from MSCs. Of importance, the function of MSCs and their secretome are significantly sensitive to their environment. Several features, such as culture conditions, delivery method, therapeutic dose and the immunobiology of MSCs, may influence their clinical outcomes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings related to MSC properties. We will also discuss the main preclinical and clinical challenges that may influence the therapeutic value of MSCs and discuss some optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahma Melki
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ferial Khalife
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Bouhtit
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Douaa Moussa Agha
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune-Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
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12
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Gallo A, Cuscino N, Contino F, Bulati M, Pampalone M, Amico G, Zito G, Carcione C, Centi C, Bertani A, Conaldi PG, Miceli V. Changes in the Transcriptome Profiles of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Induced by Three-Dimensional Culture: A Potential Priming Strategy to Improve Their Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020863. [PMID: 35055049 PMCID: PMC8778321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are believed to function in vivo as a homeostatic tool that shows therapeutic properties for tissue repair/regeneration. Conventionally, these cells are expanded in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, and, in that case, MSCs undergo genotypic/phenotypic changes resulting in a loss of their therapeutic capabilities. Moreover, several clinical trials using MSCs have shown controversial results with moderate/insufficient therapeutic responses. Different priming methods were tested to improve MSC effects, and three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques were also examined. MSC spheroids display increased therapeutic properties, and, in this context, it is crucial to understand molecular changes underlying spheroid generation. To address these limitations, we performed RNA-seq on human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) cultured in both 2D and 3D conditions and examined the transcriptome changes associated with hAMSC spheroid formation. We found a large number of 3D culture-sensitive genes and identified selected genes related to 3D hAMSC therapeutic effects. In particular, we observed that these genes can regulate proliferation/differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes. We validated RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR and methylome analysis and investigation of secreted factors. Overall, our results showed that hAMSC spheroid culture represents a promising approach to cell-based therapy that could significantly impact hAMSC application in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Nicola Cuscino
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Flavia Contino
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Mariangela Pampalone
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | | | - Claudio Centi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-1219-2430
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13
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Bahlakeh G, Rahbarghazi R, Mohammadnejad D, Abedelahi A, Karimipour M. Current knowledge and challenges associated with targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors into the central nervous system: focus on available approaches. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:181. [PMID: 34641969 PMCID: PMC8507154 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, numerous basic and clinical studies have been conducted to assess the delivery efficiency of therapeutic agents into the brain and spinal cord parenchyma using several administration routes. Among conventional and in-progress administrative routes, the eligibility of stem cells, viral vectors, and biomaterial systems have been shown in the delivery of NTFs. Despite these manifold advances, the close association between the delivery system and regeneration outcome remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to discuss recent progress in the delivery of these factors and the pros and cons related to each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozal Bahlakeh
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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De Marchi F, Munitic I, Amedei A, Berry JD, Feldman EL, Aronica E, Nardo G, Van Weehaeghe D, Niccolai E, Prtenjaca N, Sakowski SA, Bendotti C, Mazzini L. Interplay between immunity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical impact. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:958-978. [PMID: 34153344 PMCID: PMC8428677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and many new insights into disease biology over the 150 years since the disease was first described, causative pathogenic mechanisms in ALS remain poorly understood, especially in sporadic cases. Our understanding of the role of the immune system in ALS pathophysiology, however, is rapidly expanding. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the recent advances regarding the immune system involvement in ALS, with particular attention to clinical translation. We focus on the potential pathophysiologic mechanism of the immune system in ALS, discussing local and systemic factors (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiota) that influence ALS onset and progression in animal models and people. We also explore the potential of Positron Emission Tomography to detect neuroinflammation in vivo, and discuss ongoing clinical trials of therapies targeting the immune system. With validation in human patients, new evidence in this emerging field will serve to identify novel therapeutic targets and provide realistic hope for personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milanm, 20156, Italy
| | - Donatienne Van Weehaeghe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nikolina Prtenjaca
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, R. Matejcic 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milanm, 20156, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore Della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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15
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Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33579329 PMCID: PMC7880217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
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16
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Lin Y, Ren X, Chen Y, Chen D. Interaction Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Retinal Degenerative Microenvironment. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:617377. [PMID: 33551729 PMCID: PMC7859517 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.617377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) are a group of diseases contributing to irreversible vision loss with yet limited therapies. Stem cell-based therapy is a promising novel therapeutic approach in RDD treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a leading cell source due to their neurotrophic and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Several pre-clinical studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to delay retinal degeneration, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising safety profiles for the application of MSCs in retinal disease. However, some of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points, and severe side effects were reported in some retinal “stem cell” clinics. In this review, we provide an update of the interaction between MSCs and the RDD microenvironment and discuss how to balance the therapeutic potential and safety concerns of MSCs' ocular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjiang Chen
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Danian Chen
- The Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Miceli V, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Zito G, Gallo A, Conaldi PG. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: The Need of Cell Priming for Cell-Free Therapies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020763. [PMID: 33466583 PMCID: PMC7828743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust therapeutic properties that can be applied in the treatment of different diseases, variables in preclinical and clinical trials lead to inconsistent outcomes. MSC therapeutic effects result from the secretion of bioactive molecules affected by either local microenvironment or MSC culture conditions. Hence, MSC paracrine action is currently being explored in several clinical settings either using a conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs), where these products modulate tissue responses in different types of injuries. In this scenario, MSC paracrine mechanisms provide a promising framework for enhancing MSC therapeutic benefits, where the composition of secretome can be modulated by priming of the MSCs. In this review, we examine the literature on the priming of MSCs as a tool to enhance their therapeutic properties applicable to the main processes involved in tissue regeneration, including the reduction of fibrosis, the immunomodulation, the stimulation of angiogenesis, and the stimulation of resident progenitor cells, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs-derived products.
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18
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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19
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Perets N, Oron O, Herman S, Elliott E, Offen D. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells improved core symptoms of genetically modified mouse model of autism Shank3B. Mol Autism 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32807217 PMCID: PMC7433169 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial or an entire deletion of SHANK3 are considered as major drivers in the Phelan-McDermid syndrome, in which 75% of patients are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). During the recent years, there was an increasing interest in stem cell therapy in ASD, and specifically, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Moreover, it has been suggested that the therapeutic effect of the MSC is mediated mainly via the secretion of small extracellular vesicle that contains important molecular information of the cell and are used for cell-to-cell communication. Within the fraction of the extracellular vesicles, exosomes were highlighted as the most effective ones to convey the therapeutic effect. METHODS Exosomes derived from MSC (MSC-exo) were purified, characterized, and given via intranasal administration to Shank3B KO mice (in the concentration of 107 particles/ml). Three weeks post treatment, the mice were tested for behavioral scoring, and their results were compared with saline-treated control and their wild-type littermates. RESULTS Intranasal treatment with MSC-exo improves the social behavior deficit in multiple paradigms, increases vocalization, and reduces repetitive behaviors. We also observed an increase of GABARB1 in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we hypothesized that MSC-exo would have a direct beneficial effect on the behavioral autistic-like phenotype of the genetically modified Shank3B KO mouse model of autism. Taken together, our data indicate that intranasal treatment with MSC-exo improves the core ASD-like deficits of this mouse model of autism and therefore has the potential to treat ASD patients carrying the Shank3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perets
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - O Oron
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Tzfat, Israel
| | - S Herman
- Sacklar School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Tzfat, Israel
| | - D Offen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sacklar School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Levy O, Kuai R, Siren EMJ, Bhere D, Milton Y, Nissar N, De Biasio M, Heinelt M, Reeve B, Abdi R, Alturki M, Fallatah M, Almalik A, Alhasan AH, Shah K, Karp JM. Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6884. [PMID: 32832666 PMCID: PMC7439491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 1050 clinical trials are registered at FDA.gov that explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for nearly every clinical application imaginable, including neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders, perianal fistulas, graft-versus-host disease, COVID-19, and cancer. Several companies have or are in the process of commercializing MSC-based therapies. However, most of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points. The innate therapeutic functions of MSCs administered to humans are not as robust as demonstrated in preclinical studies, and in general, the translation of cell-based therapy is impaired by a myriad of steps that introduce heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the major clinical challenges with MSC therapies, the details of these challenges, and the potential bioengineering approaches that leverage the unique biology of MSCs to overcome the challenges and achieve more potent and versatile therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika M. J. Siren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Nissar
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meshael Alturki
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Fallatah
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alhasan
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Shah
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Berry JD, Cudkowicz ME, Windebank AJ, Staff NP, Owegi M, Nicholson K, McKenna-Yasek D, Levy YS, Abramov N, Kaspi H, Mehra M, Aricha R, Gothelf Y, Brown RH. NurOwn, phase 2, randomized, clinical trial in patients with ALS: Safety, clinical, and biomarker results. Neurology 2019; 93:e2294-e2305. [PMID: 31740545 PMCID: PMC6937497 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-neurotrophic factor (NTF) cells (NurOwn®, autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs, induced to secrete NTFs) delivered by combined intrathecal and intramuscular administration to participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Methods The study enrolled 48 participants randomized 3:1 (treatment: placebo). After a 3-month pretransplant period, participants received 1 dose of MSC-NTF cells (n = 36) or placebo (n = 12) and were followed for 6 months. CSF was collected before and 2 weeks after transplantation. Results The study met its primary safety endpoint. The rate of disease progression (Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale [ALSFRS-R] slope change) in the overall study population was similar in treated and placebo participants. In a prespecified rapid progressor subgroup (n = 21), rate of disease progression was improved at early time points (p < 0.05). To address heterogeneity, a responder analysis showed that a higher proportion of treated participants experienced ≥1.5 points/month ALSFRS-R slope improvement compared to placebo at all time points, and was significant in rapid progressors at 4 and 12 weeks (p = 0.004 and 0.046, respectively). CSF neurotrophic factors increased and CSF inflammatory biomarkers decreased in treated participants (p < 0.05) post-transplantation. CSF monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels correlated with ALSFRS-R slope improvement up to 24 weeks (p < 0.05). Conclusion A single-dose transplantation of MSC-NTF cells is safe and demonstrated early promising signs of efficacy. This establishes a clear path forward for a multidose randomized clinical trial of intrathecal autologous MSC-NTF cell transplantation in ALS. Classification of evidence This phase II study provides Class I evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Berry
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Merit E Cudkowicz
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Anthony J Windebank
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Nathan P Staff
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Margaret Owegi
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Katherine Nicholson
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Diane McKenna-Yasek
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Yossef S Levy
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Natalie Abramov
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Haggai Kaspi
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Munish Mehra
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Revital Aricha
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Yael Gothelf
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ
| | - Robert H Brown
- From Massachusetts General Hospital Neurological Clinical Research Institute and Harvard Medical School (J.D.B., M.E.C., K.N.), Boston; Mayo Clinic (A.J.W., N.P.S.), Rochester, MN; University of Massachusetts (M.O., D.M.-Y., R.H.B.), Worcester; Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics (Y.S.L., N.A., H.K., R.A., Y.G.), Petach Tikva, Israel; and Tigermed USA (M.M.), Somerset, NJ.
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22
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Dynamics of host and graft after cell sheet transplantation: Basic study for the application of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146444. [PMID: 31518575 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer great hope for the therapy of neurological disorders. Using a human artificial chromosome (HAC), we generated modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), termed HAC-MSC that express 3 growth factors and 2 marker proteins including luciferase, and previously demonstrated that intrathecal administration of HAC-MSCs extended the lifespan in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, donor cells disappeared rapidly after transplantation. To overcome this poor survival, we transplanted the HAC-MSCs as a sheet structure which retained the extracellular matrix. We investigated, here, whether cell sheet showed a longer survival than intrathecal administration. Also, the therapeutic effects on ALS model mice were examined. In vivo imaging showed that luciferase signals increased immediately after transplantation up to 7 days, and these signals were sustained for up to 14 days. In contrast, following intrathecal administration, signals were drastically decreased by day 3. Moreover, cell sheet transplantation successfully prolonged the survival of donor HAC-MSCs. Cell sheet transplantation increased the level of p-Akt at the graft area. Pathologically, none of the donor cells differentiated into neurons, astrocytes or microglial cells. When the cell sheet was transplanted into ALS model mice, there was an encouraging trend in the delayed onset of symptoms and increased lifespan. If each group was subdivided into rapid and slow progressors based on cut-off values for respective median survival, the survival of rapid progressors differed significantly between groups (treated vs. sham-operated = 145.4 ± 1.4 vs. 139.2 ± 1.2). The effect of HAC-MSC sheet transplantation still has a temporally narrow therapeutic window. Further improvement could be achieved by optimization of the transplantation conditions, e.g. co-transplantation of HAC-MSCs with endothelial progenitor cells.
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23
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Staff NP, Jones DT, Singer W. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:892-905. [PMID: 31054608 PMCID: PMC6643282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells that are being used to treat a variety of medical conditions. Over the past decade, there has been considerable excitement about using MSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases, which are diseases that are typically fatal and without other robust therapies. In this review, we discuss the proposed MSC mechanisms of action in neurodegenerative diseases, which include growth factor secretion, exosome secretion, and attenuation of neuroinflammation. We then provide a summary of preclinical and early clinical work on MSC therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Continued rigorous and controlled studies of MSC therapies will be critical in order to establish efficacy and protect patients from possible untoward effects.
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24
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Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:111-119. [PMID: 30922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diseases throughout the body progress, treatment for many brain diseases has been at a standstill due to difficulties in drug delivery. While new drugs are being discovered in vitro, these therapies are often hindered by inefficient tissue distribution and, more commonly, an inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells are thus being investigated as a delivery tool to directly target therapies to the brain to treat wide array of brain diseases. This review discusses the use of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic disease (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis), and a malignant condition (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Sherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Programs - Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shauna F Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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25
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Tappenbeck N, Schröder HM, Niebergall-Roth E, Hassinger F, Dehio U, Dieter K, Kraft K, Kerstan A, Esterlechner J, Frank NY, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Murphy GF, Orgill DP, Beck J, Frank MH, Ganss C, Kluth MA. In vivo safety profile and biodistribution of GMP-manufactured human skin-derived ABCB5-positive mesenchymal stromal cells for use in clinical trials. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:546-560. [PMID: 30878384 PMCID: PMC6513723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background aims. Human dermal ABCB5-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5+ MSCs) represent a promising candidate for stem cell based therapy of various currently uncurable diseases in several fields of regenerative medicine. We have developed and validated a method to isolate, from human skin samples, and expand ABCB5+ MSCs that meet the guideline criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. We are able to process these cells into a Good Manufacturing Practice conforming, MSC-based advanced-therapy medicinal product. Methods. To support the development of ABCB5+ MSCs for potential therapeutic topical, intramuscular and intravenous administration, we have tested our product in a series of Good Laboratory Practice compliant nonclinical in-vivo studies addressing all relevant aspects of biosafety, including potential long-term persistence and proliferation, distribution to nontarget tissues, differentiation into undesired cell types, ectopic tissue formation, tumor formation and local tissue reaction. Results. (i) Subcutaneous application of 1 × 107 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal and intravenous application of 2 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal, respectively, to immunocompromised mice did not result in safety-relevant biodistribution, persistence or proliferation of the cells; (ii) three monthly subcutaneous injections of ABCB5+ MSCs at doses ranging from 1 × 105 to 1 × 107 cells/animal and three biweekly intravenous injections of 2 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal, respectively, to immunocompromised mice were nontoxic and revealed no tumorigenic potential; and (iii) intramuscular injection of 5 × 106 ABCB5+ MSCs/animal to immunocompromised mice was locally well tolerated. Discussion. The present preclinical in vivo data demonstrate the local and systemic safety and tolerability of a novel advanced-therapy medicinal product based on human skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulf Dehio
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Kerstan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - George F Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joachim Beck
- Aesthetic Quartier Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christoph Ganss
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany; TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark A Kluth
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany; TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Liu Q, Chen MX, Sun L, Wallis CU, Zhou JS, Ao LJ, Li Q, Sham PC. Rational use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:55-72. [PMID: 30842805 PMCID: PMC6397804 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a range of conditions characterized by impaired social and communication skills and repetitive behaviors caused by different combinations of genetic and environmental influences. Although the pathophysiology underlying ASD is still unclear, recent evidence suggests that immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation play a role in the etiology of ASD. In particular, there is direct evidence supporting a role for maternal immune activation during prenatal life in neurodevelopmental conditions. Currently, the available options of behavioral therapies and pharmacological and supportive nutritional treatments in ASD are only symptomatic. Given the disturbing rise in the incidence of ASD, and the fact that there is no effective pharmacological therapy for ASD, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that make them relevant to several diseases associated with inflammation and tissue damage. The paracrine regenerative mechanisms of MSCs are also suggested to be therapeutically beneficial for ASD. Thus the underlying pathology in ASD, including immune system dysregulation and inflammation, represent potential targets for MSC therapy. This review will focus on immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ASD and will further discuss the therapeutic potential for MSCs in mediating ASD-related immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chloe U Wallis
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Song Zhou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Center for Genomic Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Řehořová M, Vargová I, Forostyak S, Vacková I, Turnovcová K, Kupcová Skalníková H, Vodička P, Kubinová Š, Syková E, Jendelová P. A Combination of Intrathecal and Intramuscular Application of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partly Reduces the Activation of Necroptosis in the Spinal Cord of SOD1 G93A Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:535-547. [PMID: 30802001 PMCID: PMC6525562 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We compared the effect of repeated intrathecal applications of hMSC or their conditioned medium (CondM) using lumbar puncture or injection into the muscle (quadriceps femoris), or a combination of both applications in symptomatic SOD1G93A rats. We further assessed the effect of the treatment on three major cell death pathways (necroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy) in the spinal cord tissue. All the animals were behaviorally tested (grip strength test, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) test, and rotarod), and the tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically, by qPCR and Western blot. All symptomatic SOD1 rats treated with hMSC had a significantly increased lifespan, improved motor activity and reduced number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells. Moreover, a combined hMSC delivery increased motor neuron survival, maintained neuromuscular junctions in quadriceps femoris and substantially reduced the levels of proteins involved in necroptosis (Rip1, mixed lineage kinase‐like protein, cl‐casp8), apoptosis (cl‐casp 9) and autophagy (beclin 1). Furthermore, astrogliosis and elevated levels of Connexin 43 were decreased after combined hMSC treatment. The repeated application of CondM, or intramuscular injections alone, improved motor activity; however, this improvement was not supported by changes at the molecular level. Our results provide new evidence that a combination of repeated intrathecal and intramuscular hMSC applications protects motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions, not only through a reduction of apoptosis and autophagy but also through the necroptosis pathway, which is significantly involved in cell death in rodent SOD1G93A model of ALS. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:535–547
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Řehořová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Vargová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Forostyak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Prime Cell Advanced Therapy A.S., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vacková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Turnovcová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Syková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Perets N, Hertz S, London M, Offen D. Intranasal administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates autistic-like behaviors of BTBR mice. Mol Autism 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 30479733 PMCID: PMC6249852 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by three core symptoms that include social interaction deficits, cognitive inflexibility, and communication disorders. They have been steadily increasing in children over the past several years, with no effective treatment. BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice are an accepted model of evaluating autistic-like behaviors as they present all core symptoms of ASD. We have previously shown that transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the lateral ventricles of BTBR mice results in long lasting improvement in their autistic behavioral phenotypes. Recent studies point exosomes as the main mediators of the therapeutic effect of MSC. Here, we tested whether treatment with the exosomes secreted from MSC (MSC-exo) will show similar beneficial effects. We found that intranasal administration of MSC-exo increased male to male social interaction and reduced repetitive behaviors. Moreover, the treatment led to increases of male to female ultrasonic vocalizations and significant improvement in maternal behaviors of pup retrieval. No negative symptoms were detected following MSC-exo intranasal treatments in BTBR or healthy C57BL mice. The marked beneficial effects of the exosomes in BTBR mice may translate to a novel, non-invasive, and therapeutic strategy to reduce the symptoms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisim Perets
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Hertz
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael London
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sacklar School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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29
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Thomsen GM, Avalos P, Ma AA, Alkaslasi M, Cho N, Wyss L, Vit JP, Godoy M, Suezaki P, Shelest O, Bankiewicz KS, Svendsen CN. Transplantation of Neural Progenitor Cells Expressing Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor into the Motor Cortex as a Strategy to Treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1122-1131. [PMID: 29656478 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early dysfunction of cortical motor neurons may underlie the initiation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As such, the cortex represents a critical area of ALS research and a promising therapeutic target. In the current study, human cortical-derived neural progenitor cells engineered to secrete glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were transplanted into the SOD1G93A ALS rat cortex, where they migrated, matured into astrocytes, and released GDNF. This protected motor neurons, delayed disease pathology and extended survival of the animals. These same cells injected into the cortex of cynomolgus macaques survived and showed robust GDNF expression without adverse effects. Together this data suggests that introducing cortical astrocytes releasing GDNF represents a novel promising approach to treating ALS. Stem Cells 2018;36:1122-1131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen M Thomsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pablo Avalos
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie A Ma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mor Alkaslasi
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noell Cho
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Livia Wyss
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Vit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biobehavioral Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marlesa Godoy
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Suezaki
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krystof S Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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30
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Saulite L, Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M, Riekstina U. The Differentiation of Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards a Schwann Cell Phenotype: Impact of Sigma-1 Receptor Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:2840-2850. [PMID: 28455697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are the source of mature Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The NCSC population resides in the bulge of hair follicles and in the dermis. Recently, it was shown that 2-3% of the human dermis mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population expresses the NCSC marker CD271, thus enabling the use of skin MSCs for studying Schwann cell differentiation in vitro. The aims of this study were to establish a protocol for human skin MSC differentiation towards Schwann cell-like cells (SC-lcs) and to analyse the expression of sigma-1 receptor (S1R) in SC-lcs. The impact of S1R ligands, namely the selective agonist PRE-084, the positive allosteric modulator E1R and the selective antagonist NE-100, on Schwann cell differentiation was assessed. The expression of the neuron-specific genes Tubulin-βIII and Integrin-6α, the Schwann cell-specific gene S100b, MBP and the NCSC-specific genes p75NTR, Sox10, Notch1, Integrin-4α, Ap2α and Pax6 was analysed in MSCs and SC-lcs by real-time RT-PCR. BDNF secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The effect of S1R ligands on SC-lc differentiation was measured using BDNF ELISA and MBP flow cytometry. After MSC differentiation, NCSC markers p75NTR and Integrin-4α were downregulated 3.5-fold and 2-fold, respectively. To the contrary, MBP and S100b were significantly upregulated in SC-lcs. S1R ligands showed a tendency to increase the secretion of BDNF by the SC-lc population. PRE-084 and E1R increased MBP expression in the SC-lc population, whereas 3 μM NE-100 inhibited MBP expression in SC-lcs. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that S1R plays an important role in skin MSC differentiation towards myelinating Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saulite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - E Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, Latvia
| | - L Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
| | - M Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, Latvia
| | - U Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia.
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31
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Rengasamy M, Gupta PK, Kolkundkar U, Singh G, Balasubramanian S, SundarRaj S, Chullikana A, Majumdar AS. Preclinical safety & toxicity evaluation of pooled, allogeneic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Indian J Med Res 2018; 144:852-864. [PMID: 28474622 PMCID: PMC5433278 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1842_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Administration of ex vivo-expanded human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMMSC) obtained from single donors has shown therapeutic benefits in both preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, the safety, toxicity and biodistribution profiles of a pooled hBMMSC population, produced from three healthy donors were assessed in rodent and non-rodents. METHODS The pooled hBMMSC population was characterized by their expression of various cell surface markers, differentiation potential and immunomodulatory activity. To establish in vivo safety of the pooled cells, these were administered by various injection routes into rodents and non-rodents to determine overall toxicity, biodistribution and tumorigenic potential in a series of preclinical studies. RESULTS Single injections of hBMMSC at various doses through intravenous or intramuscular routes did not cause toxicity in rats and rabbits. In addition, repeat administration of hBMMSC was also well tolerated by rats, and no prenatal toxicity was observed by multiple administration in the same animal species. Ex vivo-expanded and cryopreserved hBMMSCs did not induce tumour formation in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the pooled hBMMSC population was non-toxic, non-teratogenic and non-tumorigenic in animals. Further studies need to be done to find out if it can be safely administered in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Rengasamy
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Gupta
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Udaykumar Kolkundkar
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Gurbind Singh
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Sudha Balasubramanian
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Swathi SundarRaj
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Anoop Chullikana
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
| | - Anish Sen Majumdar
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd., Akshay Tech Park, No.72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase I-Area, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560 066, India
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32
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Gothelf Y, Kaspi H, Abramov N, Aricha R. miRNA profiling of NurOwn®: mesenchymal stem cells secreting neurotrophic factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:249. [PMID: 29116031 PMCID: PMC5678806 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSC-NTF cells are Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) induced to express high levels of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) using a culture-medium based approach. MSC-NTF cells have been successfully studied in clinical trials for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that coordinate post-transcriptional regulation of multiple gene targets. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the miRNA profile could provide a tool for MSC-NTF cell characterization and to distinguish them from the matched MSC from which they are derived. METHODS NTF secretion in the culture supernatant of MSC-NTF cells was evaluated by ELISA assays. The Agilent microarray miRNA platform was used for pairwise comparisons of MSC-NTF cells to MSC. The differentially expressed miRNAs and putative mRNA targets were validated using qPCR analyses. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed two distinct clusters based on cell type (MSC and MSC-NTFs). Nineteen miRNAs were found to be upregulated and 22 miRNAs were downregulated in MSC-NTF cells relative to the MSC cells of origin. Further validation of differentially expressed miRNAs confirmed that miR-3663 and miR-132 were increased 18.5- and 4.06-fold, respectively while hsa-miR-503 was reduced more than 15-fold, suggesting that miRNAs could form the basis of an MSC-NTF cell characterization assay. In an analysis of the miRNA mRNA targets, three mRNA targets of hsa-miR-132-3p (HN-1, RASA1 and KLH-L11) were found to be significantly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that MSC-NTF cells can be distinguished from their MSCs of origin by a unique miRNA expression profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT01777646 . Registered 12 December 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gothelf
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., 12 Bazel St., POB 10019, Kiryat Arieh, Petach-Tikva, 4900101, Israel.
| | - Haggai Kaspi
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., 12 Bazel St., POB 10019, Kiryat Arieh, Petach-Tikva, 4900101, Israel
| | - Natalie Abramov
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., 12 Bazel St., POB 10019, Kiryat Arieh, Petach-Tikva, 4900101, Israel
| | - Revital Aricha
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., 12 Bazel St., POB 10019, Kiryat Arieh, Petach-Tikva, 4900101, Israel
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33
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Perets N, Segal-Gavish H, Gothelf Y, Barzilay R, Barhum Y, Abramov N, Hertz S, Morozov D, London M, Offen D. Long term beneficial effect of neurotrophic factors-secreting mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:254-260. [PMID: 28392323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by severe impairment in social communication skills and restricted, repetitive behaviors. We have previously shown that a single transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into the cerebral lateral ventricles of BTBR autistic-like mice resulted in an improvement across all diagnostic criteria of ASD. We suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein which supports the survival and regeneration of neurons secreted by MSC, largely contributed to the beneficial behavioral effect. In this study, we investigated the behavioral effects of transplanted MSC induced to secrete higher amounts of neurotrophic factors (NurOwn®), on various ASD-related behavioral domains using the BTBR mouse model of ASD. We demonstrate that NurOwn® transplantation had significant advantages over MSC transplantation in terms of improving communication skills, one and six months following treatment, as compared to sham-treated BTBR mice. Furthermore, NurOwn® transplantation resulted in reduced stereotypic behavior for as long as six months post treatment, compared to the one month improvement observed in the MSC treated mice. Notably, NurOwn® treatment resulted in improved cognitive flexibility, an improvement that was not observed by MSC treatment. Both MSC and NurOwn® transplantation induced an improvement in social behavior that lasted for six months. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that a single transplantation of MSC or NurOwn® have long-lasting benefits, while NurOwn® may be superior to MSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisim Perets
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Segal-Gavish
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yael Gothelf
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Kiryat Aryeh, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, 69978, Israel; Research Unit at Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Barhum
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Natalie Abramov
- BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Kiryat Aryeh, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Stav Hertz
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Darya Morozov
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael London
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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34
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Chen KS, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Intraspinal stem cell transplantation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:342-53. [PMID: 26696091 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder in which the loss of upper and lower motor neurons produces progressive weakness and eventually death. In the decades since the approval of riluzole, the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication to moderately slow progression of ALS, no new therapeutics have arisen to alter the course of the disease. This is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the complex pathogenesis of motor neuron degeneration. Stem cells have emerged as an attractive option in treating ALS, because they come armed with equally complex cellular machinery and may modulate the local microenvironment in many ways to rescue diseased motor neurons. Various stem cell types are being evaluated in preclinical and early clinical applications; here, we review the preclinical strategies and advances supporting the recent clinical translation of neural progenitor cell therapy for ALS. Specifically, we focus on the use of spinal cord neural progenitor cells and the pipeline starting from preclinical studies to the designs of phase I and IIa clinical trials involving direct intraspinal transplantation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stacey A Sakowski
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eva L Feldman
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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35
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Stem Cells for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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36
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Hajra A, Bandyopadhyay D, Hajra S. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: promising therapeutic outcome-not far away? Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:856. [PMID: 27335576 PMCID: PMC4904483 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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37
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Fink KD, Deng P, Torrest A, Stewart H, Pollock K, Gruenloh W, Annett G, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Developing stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington's disease. Regen Med 2015; 10:623-46. [PMID: 26237705 PMCID: PMC6785015 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have been explored as a new avenue for the treatment of neurologic disease and damage within the CNS in part due to their native ability to mimic repair mechanisms in the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells have been of particular clinical interest due to their ability to release beneficial neurotrophic factors and their ability to foster a neuroprotective microenviroment. While early stem cell transplantation therapies have been fraught with technical and political concerns as well as limited clinical benefits, mesenchymal stem cell therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and derivable from nonembryonic, adult sources. The focus of this review will be on emerging and extant stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- GenomeCenter, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Dr. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Heather Stewart
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Teresa Tempkin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health Systems, 4860 Y Street Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health Systems, 4860 Y Street Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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