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Waldo JJ, Halmai JANM, Fink KD. Epigenetic editing for autosomal dominant neurological disorders. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1304110. [PMID: 38510848 PMCID: PMC10950933 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1304110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the molecules and mechanisms that modify gene expression states without changing the nucleotide context. These modifications are what encode the cell state during differentiation or epigenetic memory in mitosis. Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression by changing the chromatin architecture by altering the affinity for DNA to wrap around histone octamers, forming nucleosomes. The higher affinity the DNA has for the histones, the tighter it will wrap and therefore induce a heterochromatin state, silencing gene expression. Several groups have shown the ability to harness the cell's natural epigenetic modification pathways to engineer proteins that can induce changes in epigenetics and consequently regulate gene expression. Therefore, epigenetic modification can be used to target and treat disorders through the modification of endogenous gene expression. The use of epigenetic modifications may prove an effective path towards regulating gene expression to potentially correct or cure genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyle D. Fink
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, United States
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2
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O'Geen H, Beitnere U, Garcia MS, Adhikari A, Cameron DL, Fenton TA, Copping NA, Deng P, Lock S, Halmai JANM, Villegas IJ, Liu J, Wang D, Fink KD, Silverman JL, Segal DJ. Transcriptional reprogramming restores UBE3A brain-wide and rescues behavioral phenotypes in an Angelman syndrome mouse model. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1088-1105. [PMID: 36641623 PMCID: PMC10124086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by the loss of ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene expression in the brain. The UBE3A gene is paternally imprinted in brain neurons. Clinical features of AS are primarily due to the loss of maternally expressed UBE3A in the brain. A healthy copy of paternal UBE3A is present in the brain but is silenced by a long non-coding antisense transcript (UBE3A-ATS). Here, we demonstrate that an artificial transcription factor (ATF-S1K) can silence Ube3a-ATS in an adult mouse model of Angelman syndrome (AS) and restore endogenous physiological expression of paternal Ube3a. A single injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing ATF-S1K (AAV-S1K) into the tail vein enabled whole-brain transduction and restored UBE3A protein in neurons to ∼25% of wild-type protein. The ATF-S1K treatment was highly specific to the target site with no detectable inflammatory response 5 weeks after AAV-S1K administration. AAV-S1K treatment of AS mice showed behavioral rescue in exploratory locomotion, a task involving gross and fine motor abilities, similar to low ambulation and velocity in AS patients. The specificity and tolerability of a single injection of AAV-S1K therapy for AS demonstrate the use of ATFs as a promising translational approach for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Adhikari
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David L Cameron
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Timothy A Fenton
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nycole A Copping
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Lock
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julian A N M Halmai
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Isaac J Villegas
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Genome Editing and Novel Modalities (GENM), MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danhui Wang
- Genome Editing and Novel Modalities (GENM), MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David J Segal
- Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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3
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Adhikari A, Buchanan FKB, Fenton TA, Cameron DL, Halmai JANM, Copping NA, Fink KD, Silverman JL. Touchscreen Cognitive Deficits, Hyperexcitability, and Hyperactivity in Males and Females Using Two Models of Cdkl5 Deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3032-3050. [PMID: 35445702 PMCID: PMC9476626 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are the result of mutations on the X chromosome. One severe NDD resulting from mutations on the X chromosome is CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). CDD is an epigenetic, X-linked NDD characterized by intellectual disability (ID), pervasive seizures and severe sleep disruption, including recurring hospitalizations. CDD occurs at a 4:1 ratio, with a female bias. CDD is driven by the loss of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), a serine/threonine kinase that is essential for typical brain development, synapse formation and signal transmission. Previous studies focused on male subjects from animal models, likely to avoid the complexity of X mosaicism. For the first time, we report translationally relevant behavioral phenotypes in young adult (8–20 weeks) females and males with robust signal size, including impairments in learning and memory, substantial hyperactivity and increased susceptibility to seizures/reduced seizure thresholds, in both sexes, and in two models of CDD preclinical mice, one with a general loss-of-function mutation and one that is a patient-derived mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adhikari
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Fiona K B Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Timothy A Fenton
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - David L Cameron
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Julian A N M Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Nycole A Copping
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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DeFelice BC, Fiehn O, Belafsky P, Ditterich C, Moore M, Abouyared M, Beliveau AM, Farwell DG, Bewley AF, Clayton SM, Archard JA, Pavlic J, Rao S, Kuhn M, Deng P, Halmai J, Fink KD, Birkeland AC, Anderson JD. Polyamine Metabolites as Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer Biofluids. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040797. [PMID: 35453845 PMCID: PMC9024570 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel, non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers that facilitate early intervention in head and neck cancer are urgently needed. Polyamine metabolites have been observed to be elevated in numerous cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of polyamines in the saliva and urine from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, compared to healthy controls. Methods: Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on saliva and urine from 39 HNC patient samples and compared to 89 healthy controls using a quantitative, targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approach. Results: The metabolites N1-acetylspermine (ASP), N8-acetylspermidine (ASD) and N1,N12-diacetylspermine (DAS) were detected at significantly different concentrations in the urine of HNC patients as compared to healthy controls. Only ASP was detected at elevated levels in HNC saliva as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: These data suggest that assessment of polyamine-based metabolite biomarkers within the saliva and urine warrants further investigation as a potential diagnostic in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. DeFelice
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.C.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.C.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Constanze Ditterich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Angela M. Beliveau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Arnaud F. Bewley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Shannon M. Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Jordan Pavlic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.D.); (J.H.); (K.D.F.)
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.D.); (J.H.); (K.D.F.)
| | - Kyle D. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.D.); (J.H.); (K.D.F.)
| | - Andrew C. Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.B.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Johnathon D. Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.B.); (C.D.); (M.M.); (M.A.); (A.M.B.); (D.G.F.); (A.F.B.); (S.M.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.P.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.B.); (J.D.A.)
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Deng P, Halmai JANM, Beitnere U, Cameron D, Martinez ML, Lee CC, Waldo JJ, Thongphanh K, Adhikari A, Copping N, Petkova SP, Lee RD, Lock S, Palomares M, O’Geen H, Carter J, Gonzalez CE, Buchanan FKB, Anderson JD, Fierro FA, Nolta JA, Tarantal AF, Silverman JL, Segal DJ, Fink KD. An in vivo Cell-Based Delivery Platform for Zinc Finger Artificial Transcription Factors in Pre-clinical Animal Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:789913. [PMID: 35153670 PMCID: PMC8829036 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.789913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger (ZF), transcription activator-like effectors (TALE), and CRISPR/Cas9 therapies to regulate gene expression are becoming viable strategies to treat genetic disorders, although effective in vivo delivery systems for these proteins remain a major translational hurdle. We describe the use of a mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based delivery system for the secretion of a ZF protein (ZF-MSC) in transgenic mouse models and young rhesus monkeys. Secreted ZF protein from mouse ZF-MSC was detectable within the hippocampus 1 week following intracranial or cisterna magna (CM) injection. Secreted ZF activated the imprinted paternal Ube3a in a transgenic reporter mouse and ameliorated motor deficits in a Ube3a deletion Angelman Syndrome (AS) mouse. Intrathecally administered autologous rhesus MSCs were well-tolerated for 3 weeks following administration and secreted ZF protein was detectable within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), midbrain, and spinal cord. This approach is less invasive when compared to direct intracranial injection which requires a surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Julian A. N. M. Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ulrika Beitnere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David Cameron
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Michele L. Martinez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gene Therapy Center, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gene Therapy Center, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Waldo
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Krista Thongphanh
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Anna Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nycole Copping
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Stela P. Petkova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ruth D. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Samantha Lock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Miranda Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Henriette O’Geen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Casiana E. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Fiona K. B. Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Johnathan D. Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fernando A. Fierro
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jan A. Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Gene Therapy Center, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jill L. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - David J. Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kyle D. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Kyle D. Fink,
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6
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Copping NA, McTighe SM, Fink KD, Silverman JL. Emerging Gene and Small Molecule Therapies for the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Angelman Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1535-1547. [PMID: 34528170 PMCID: PMC8608975 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare (~1:15,000) neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe developmental delay and intellectual disability, impaired communication skills, and a high prevalence of seizures, sleep disturbances, ataxia, motor deficits, and microcephaly. AS is caused by loss-of-function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene. UBE3A is located on chromosome 15q11-13 and is biallelically expressed throughout the body but only maternally expressed in the brain due to an RNA antisense transcript that silences the paternal copy. There is currently no cure for AS, but advancements in small molecule drugs and gene therapies offer a promising approach for the treatment of the disorder. Here, we review AS and how loss-of-function of the maternal UBE3A contributes to the disorder. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of current animal models of AS. Furthermore, we examine potential small molecule drug and gene therapies for the treatment of AS and associated challenges faced by the therapeutic design. Finally, gene therapy offers the opportunity for precision medicine in AS and advancements in the treatment of this disorder can serve as a foundation for other single-gene neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nycole A Copping
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Research II Building 96, 4625 2nd Avenue, Suite 1001B, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Research II Building 96, 4625 2nd Avenue, Suite 1001B, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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7
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Deng P, Halmai J, Waldo JJ, Fink KD. Cell-Based Delivery Approaches for DNA-Binding Domains into the Central Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:2125-2140. [PMID: 33998992 PMCID: PMC9185769 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210517144044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in programmable DNA-binding proteins (DBDs) that target the genome, such as zinc fingers, transcription activator-like effectors, and Cas9, have broadened drug target design beyond traditional protein substrates. Effective delivery methodologies remain a major barrier in targeting the central nervous system. Currently, adeno-associated virus is the most well-validated delivery system for the delivery of DBDs towards the central nervous with multiple, on-going clinical trials. While effective in transducing neuronal cells, viral delivery systems for DBDs remain problematic due to inherent viral packaging limits or immune responses that hinder translational potential. Direct administration of DBDs or encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles may provide alternative means towards delivering gene therapies into the central nervous system. This review will evaluate strengths and limitations in current DBD delivery strategies in-vivo. Furthermore, this review will discuss the use of adult stem cells as a putative delivery vehicle for DBDs and potential advantages that these systems have over previous methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deng
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology. United States
| | - Julian Halmai
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology. United States
| | | | - Kyle D Fink
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Neurology. United States
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8
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Adhikari A, Copping NA, Beegle J, Cameron DL, Deng P, O'Geen H, Segal DJ, Fink KD, Silverman JL, Anderson JS. Functional rescue in an Angelman syndrome model following treatment with lentivector transduced hematopoietic stem cells. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1067-1083. [PMID: 33856035 PMCID: PMC8188406 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication skills, ataxia, motor and balance deficits, intellectual disabilities, and seizures. The genetic cause of AS is the neuronal loss of UBE3A expression in the brain. A novel approach, described here, is a stem cell gene therapy which uses lentivector-transduced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to deliver functional UBE3A to affected cells. We have demonstrated both the prevention and reversal of AS phenotypes upon transplantation and engraftment of human CD34+ cells transduced with a Ube3a lentivector in a novel immunodeficient Ube3amat−/pat+ IL2rg−/y mouse model of AS. A significant improvement in motor and cognitive behavioral assays as well as normalized delta power measured by electroencephalogram was observed in neonates and adults transplanted with the gene modified cells. Human hematopoietic profiles observed in the lymphoid organs by detection of human immune cells were normal. Expression of UBE3A was detected in the brains of the adult treatment group following immunohistochemical staining illustrating engraftment of the gene-modified cells expressing UBE3A in the brain. As demonstrated with our data, this stem cell gene therapy approach offers a promising treatment strategy for AS, not requiring a critical treatment window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nycole A Copping
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Julie Beegle
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - David L Cameron
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Neurology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Neurology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Henriette O'Geen
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Neurology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joseph S Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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9
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Abstract
Understanding of cell-type specific transcription factors has promoted progress in methods for cellular reprogramming, such as directly reprogramming somatic cells to induced neurons (iN). Methods for direct reprogramming require neuronal-fate determining gene activation via neuron-specific microRNAs, chemical modulation of key neuronal signaling pathways or overexpression via viral vectors, with some reprogramming strategies requiring a combination of these methods to induce the neuronal-cell fate. These methods have been employed in a multitude of cell types, including fibroblasts, hepatocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear, and T cells. The ability to create iN from skin biopsies and blood samples coupled with recent advancements in artificially inducing age- and disease-associated phenotypes are accelerating the development of disease models for late-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review how activation of the neuronal transcriptome alters the epigenetic landscape of the donor cell to facilitate reprogramming to neurons. We also discuss the advantages of using DNA binding domains such as CRISPR/dCas9 to overcome epigenetic barriers to induce neuronal-cell fate by activating endogenous neuronal cell-fate determining genes.
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10
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Halmai JANM, Deng P, Gonzalez CE, Coggins NB, Cameron D, Carter JL, Buchanan FKB, Waldo JJ, Lock SR, Anderson JD, O’Geen H, Segal DJ, Nolta J, Fink KD. Artificial escape from XCI by DNA methylation editing of the CDKL5 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2372-2387. [PMID: 31925439 PMCID: PMC7049732 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of X-linked genes escape from X chromosome inactivation and are associated with a distinct epigenetic signature. One epigenetic modification that strongly correlates with X-escape is reduced DNA methylation in promoter regions. Here, we created an artificial escape by editing DNA methylation on the promoter of CDKL5, a gene causative for an infantile epilepsy, from the silenced X-chromosomal allele in human neuronal-like cells. We identify that a fusion of the catalytic domain of TET1 to dCas9 targeted to the CDKL5 promoter using three guide RNAs causes significant reactivation of the inactive allele in combination with removal of methyl groups from CpG dinucleotides. Strikingly, we demonstrate that co-expression of TET1 and a VP64 transactivator have a synergistic effect on the reactivation of the inactive allele to levels >60% of the active allele. We further used a multi-omics assessment to determine potential off-targets on the transcriptome and methylome. We find that synergistic delivery of dCas9 effectors is highly selective for the target site. Our findings further elucidate a causal role for reduced DNA methylation associated with escape from X chromosome inactivation. Understanding the epigenetics associated with escape from X chromosome inactivation has potential for those suffering from X-linked disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/genetics
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- Catalytic Domain
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, X/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, X/metabolism
- CpG Islands
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Editing
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- X Chromosome Inactivation
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A N M Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Casiana E Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nicole B Coggins
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David Cameron
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine L Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fiona K B Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Waldo
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Samantha R Lock
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Henriette O’Geen
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David J Segal
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Berg EL, Pride MC, Petkova SP, Lee RD, Copping NA, Shen Y, Adhikari A, Fenton TA, Pedersen LR, Noakes LS, Nieman BJ, Lerch JP, Harris S, Born HA, Peters MM, Deng P, Cameron DL, Fink KD, Beitnere U, O'Geen H, Anderson AE, Dindot SV, Nash KR, Weeber EJ, Wöhr M, Ellegood J, Segal DJ, Silverman JL. Translational outcomes in a full gene deletion of ubiquitin protein ligase E3A rat model of Angelman syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 32066685 PMCID: PMC7026078 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, impaired communication, motor deficits and ataxia, intellectual disabilities, microcephaly, and seizures. The genetic cause of AS is the loss of expression of UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase E6-AP) in the brain, typically due to a deletion of the maternal 15q11-q13 region. Previous studies have been performed using a mouse model with a deletion of a single exon of Ube3a. Since three splice variants of Ube3a exist, this has led to a lack of consistent reports and the theory that perhaps not all mouse studies were assessing the effects of an absence of all functional UBE3A. Herein, we report the generation and functional characterization of a novel model of Angelman syndrome by deleting the entire Ube3a gene in the rat. We validated that this resulted in the first comprehensive gene deletion rodent model. Ultrasonic vocalizations from newborn Ube3am-/p+ were reduced in the maternal inherited deletion group with no observable change in the Ube3am+/p- paternal transmission cohort. We also discovered Ube3am-/p+ exhibited delayed reflex development, motor deficits in rearing and fine motor skills, aberrant social communication, and impaired touchscreen learning and memory in young adults. These behavioral deficits were large in effect size and easily apparent in the larger rodent species. Low social communication was detected using a playback task that is unique to rats. Structural imaging illustrated decreased brain volume in Ube3am-/p+ and a variety of intriguing neuroanatomical phenotypes while Ube3am+/p- did not exhibit altered neuroanatomy. Our report identifies, for the first time, unique AS relevant functional phenotypes and anatomical markers as preclinical outcomes to test various strategies for gene and molecular therapies in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Berg
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M C Pride
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - S P Petkova
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - R D Lee
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - N A Copping
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Y Shen
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A Adhikari
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - T A Fenton
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L R Pedersen
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L S Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J P Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Harris
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H A Born
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M M Peters
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - P Deng
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D L Cameron
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K D Fink
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - U Beitnere
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - H O'Geen
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - E J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D J Segal
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J L Silverman
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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12
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O’Geen H, Bates SL, Carter SS, Nisson KA, Halmai J, Fink KD, Rhie SK, Farnham PJ, Segal DJ. Ezh2-dCas9 and KRAB-dCas9 enable engineering of epigenetic memory in a context-dependent manner. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 31053162 PMCID: PMC6498470 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rewriting of the epigenome has risen as a promising alternative to gene editing for precision medicine. In nature, epigenetic silencing can result in complete attenuation of target gene expression over multiple mitotic divisions. However, persistent repression has been difficult to achieve in a predictable manner using targeted systems. RESULTS Here, we report that persistent epigenetic memory required both a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A-dCas9) and a histone methyltransferase (Ezh2-dCas9 or KRAB-dCas9). We demonstrate that the histone methyltransferase requirement can be locus specific. Co-targeting Ezh2-dCas9, but not KRAB-dCas9, with DNMT3A-dCas9 and DNMT3L induced long-term HER2 repression over at least 50 days (approximately 57 cell divisions) and triggered an epigenetic switch to a heterochromatic environment. An increase in H3K27 trimethylation and DNA methylation was stably maintained and accompanied by a sustained loss of H3K27 acetylation. Interestingly, substitution of Ezh2-dCas9 with KRAB-dCas9 enabled long-term repression at some target genes (e.g., SNURF) but not at HER2, at which H3K9me3 and DNA methylation were transiently acquired and subsequently lost. Off-target DNA hypermethylation occurred at many individual CpG sites but rarely at multiple CpGs in a single promoter, consistent with no detectable effect on transcription at the off-target loci tested. Conversely, robust hypermethylation was observed at HER2. We further demonstrated that Ezh2-dCas9 required full-length DNMT3L for maximal activity and that co-targeting DNMT3L was sufficient for persistent repression by Ezh2-dCas9 or KRAB-dCas9. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that targeting different combinations of histone and DNA methyltransferases is required to achieve maximal repression at different loci. Fine-tuning of targeting tools is a necessity to engineer epigenetic memory at any given locus in any given cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette O’Geen
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sofie L. Bates
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sakereh S. Carter
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Karly A. Nisson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology and Stem Cell Program, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Kyle D. Fink
- Department of Neurology and Stem Cell Program, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Suhn K. Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - David J. Segal
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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13
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Showalter MR, Wancewicz B, Fiehn O, Archard JA, Clayton S, Wagner J, Deng P, Halmai J, Fink KD, Bauer G, Fury B, Perotti NH, Apperson M, Butters J, Belafsky P, Farwell G, Kuhn M, Nolta JA, Anderson JD. Primed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:729-735. [PMID: 30926165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are currently being evaluated as a putative therapeutic in numerous human clinical trials. Recent reports have established that exosomes mediate much of the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Exosomes are nanovesicles which mediate intercellular communication, transmitting signals between cells which regulate a diverse range of biological processes. MSC-derived exosomes are packaged with numerous types of proteins and RNAs, however, their metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to date have not been well characterized. We previously reported that MSCs, in response to priming culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironmental niche, substantially modulate cellular signaling and significantly increase the secretion of exosomes. Here we report that MSCs exposed to such priming conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs' metabolomic profile. In addition, we establish that exosomes derive from primed MSCs are packaged with numerous metabolites that have been directly associated with immunomodulation, including M2 macrophage polarization and regulatory T lymphocyte induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Shannon Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Nicholas H Perotti
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Janelle Butters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis, USA
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14
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Yuan O, Lin C, Wagner J, Archard JA, Deng P, Halmai J, Bauer G, Fink KD, Fury B, Perotti NH, Walker JE, Pollock K, Apperson M, Butters J, Belafsky P, Farwell DG, Kuhn M, Nolta J, Anderson JD. Exosomes Derived from Human Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Mitosis and Potentiate Growth Factor Secretion. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:398-409. [PMID: 30638129 PMCID: PMC6441283 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate functional recovery in numerous animal models of inflammatory and ischemic tissue-related diseases with a growing body of research suggesting that exosomes mediate many of these therapeutic effects. It remains unclear, however, which types of proteins are packaged into exosomes compared with the cells from which they are derived. In this study, using comprehensive proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that human primed MSCs secrete exosomes (pMEX) that are packaged with markedly higher fractions of specific protein subclasses compared with their cells of origin, indicating regulation of their contents. Notably, we found that pMEX are also packaged with substantially elevated levels of extracellular-associated proteins. Fibronectin was the most abundant protein detected, and data established that fibronectin mediates the mitogenic properties of pMEX. In addition, treatment of SHSY5Y cells with pMEX induced the secretion of growth factors known to possess mitogenic and neurotrophic properties. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis indicates that pMEX are packaged with specific protein subtypes, which may provide a molecular basis for their distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Clayton Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kyle D. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian Fury
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nicholas H. Perotti
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jon E. Walker
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michelle Apperson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janelle Butters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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15
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Anderson JD, Pham MT, Contreras Z, Hoon M, Fink KD, Johansson HJ, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL, Showalter M, Fiehn O, Bramlett CS, Bardini RL, Bauer G, Fury B, Hendrix KJ, Chedin F, EL-Andaloussi S, Hwang B, Mulligan MS, Lehtiö J, Nolta JA. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Glikmann-Johnston Y, Fink KD, Torrest A, Nolta JA, Stout JC. F7 Spatial memory in huntington’s disease: a comparative review of human and animal data. J Neurol Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314597.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Lowrance SA, Fink KD, Crane A, Matyas J, Dey ND, Matchynski JJ, Thibo T, Reinke T, Kippe J, Hoffman C, Sandstrom M, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cognitive deficits in an endothelin-1 rat model of stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:579-88. [PMID: 23902985 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-130329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke is the third leading cause of death and permanent disability in the United States, often producing long-term cognitive impairments, which are not easily recapitulated in animal models. The goals of this study were to assess whether: (1) the endothelin-1 (ET-1) model of chronic stroke produced discernable cognitive deficits; (2) a spatial operant reversal task (SORT) would accurately measure memory deficits in this model; and (3) bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) could reduce any observed deficits. METHODS Rats were given unilateral intracerebral injections of vehicle or ET-1, a stroke-inducing agent, near the middle cerebral artery. Seven days later, they were given intrastriatal injections of BMMSCs or vehicle, near the ischemic penumbra. The cognitive abilities of the rats were assessed on a novel SORT, which was designed to efficiently distinguish cognitive deficits from potential motoric confounds. RESULTS Rats given ET-1 had significantly more cognitive errors at six weeks post-stroke on the SORT, and that these deficits were attenuated by BMMSC transplants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that: (1) the ET-1 model produces chronic cognitive deficits; (2) the SORT efficiently measures cognitive deficits that are not confounded by motoric impairment; and (3) BMMSCs may be a viable treatment for stroke-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lowrance
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - K D Fink
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - A Crane
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - J Matyas
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - N D Dey
- Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, USA
| | - J J Matchynski
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - T Thibo
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - T Reinke
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - J Kippe
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - C Hoffman
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - M Sandstrom
- Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - J Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - G L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University Program in Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, USA
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18
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Deng P, Torrest A, Pollock K, Dahlenburg H, Annett G, Nolta JA, Fink KD. Clinical trial perspective for adult and juvenile Huntington's disease using genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:702-5. [PMID: 27335539 PMCID: PMC4904446 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress to date from our group and others indicate that using genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports our plan to submit an Investigational New Drug application to the Food and Drug Administration for the future planned Phase 1 safety and tolerability trial of MSC/BDNF in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). There are also potential applications of this approach beyond HD. Our biological delivery system for BDNF sets the precedent for adult stem cell therapy in the brain and could potentially be modified for other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Alzheimer's disease, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. The MSC/BDNF product could also be considered for studies of regeneration in traumatic brain injury, spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. This work also provides a platform for our future gene editing studies, since we will again use MSCs to deliver the needed molecules into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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19
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Fink KD, Deng P, Torrest A, Stewart H, Pollock K, Gruenloh W, Annett G, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Developing stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington's disease. Regen Med 2016; 10:623-46. [PMID: 26237705 PMCID: PMC6785015 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have been explored as a new avenue for the treatment of neurologic disease and damage within the CNS in part due to their native ability to mimic repair mechanisms in the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells have been of particular clinical interest due to their ability to release beneficial neurotrophic factors and their ability to foster a neuroprotective microenviroment. While early stem cell transplantation therapies have been fraught with technical and political concerns as well as limited clinical benefits, mesenchymal stem cell therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and derivable from nonembryonic, adult sources. The focus of this review will be on emerging and extant stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Heather Stewart
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Teresa Tempkin
- GenomeCenter, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Dr. Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health Systems, 4860 Y Street Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in wide range of neurological diseases and injury. This neurotrophic factor is vital for neuronal health, survival, and synaptic connectivity. Many therapies focus on the restoration or enhancement of BDNF following injury or disease progression. AREAS COVERED The present review will focus on the mechanisms in which BDNF exerts its beneficial functioning, current BDNF therapies, issues and potential solutions for delivery of neurotrophic factors to the central nervous system, and other disease indications that may benefit from overexpression or restoration of BDNF. EXPERT OPINION Due to the role of BDNF in neuronal development, maturation, and health, BDNF is implicated in numerous neurological diseases making it a prime therapeutic agent. Numerous studies have shown the therapeutic potential of BDNF in a number of neurodegenerative disease models and in acute CNS injury, however clinical translation has fallen short due to issues in delivering this molecule. The use of MSC as a delivery platform for BDNF holds great promise for clinical advancement of neurotrophic factor restoration. The ease with which MSC can be engineered opens the door to the possibility of using this cell-based delivery system to advance a BDNF therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deng
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA.,b Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Abigail S Yu
- b Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
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21
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Anderson JD, Johansson HJ, Graham CS, Vesterlund M, Pham MT, Bramlett CS, Montgomery EN, Mellema MS, Bardini RL, Contreras Z, Hoon M, Bauer G, Fink KD, Fury B, Hendrix KJ, Chedin F, El-Andaloussi S, Hwang B, Mulligan MS, Lehtiö J, Nolta JA. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Reveals Modulation of Angiogenesis via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling. Stem Cells 2016; 34:601-13. [PMID: 26782178 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to facilitate healing of ischemic tissue related diseases through proangiogenic secretory proteins. Recent studies further show that MSC derived exosomes function as paracrine effectors of angiogenesis, however, the identity of which components of the exosome proteome responsible for this effect remains elusive. To address this we used high-resolution isoelectric focusing coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, an unbiased high throughput proteomics approach to comprehensively characterize the proteinaceous contents of MSCs and MSC derived exosomes. We probed the proteome of MSCs and MSC derived exosomes from cells cultured under expansion conditions and under ischemic tissue simulated conditions to elucidate key angiogenic paracrine effectors present and potentially differentially expressed in these conditions. In total, 6,342 proteins were identified in MSCs and 1,927 proteins in MSC derived exosomes, representing to our knowledge the first time these proteomes have been probed comprehensively. Multilayered analyses identified several putative paracrine effectors of angiogenesis present in MSC exosomes and increased in expression in MSCs exposed to ischemic tissue-simulated conditions; these include platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and most notably nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB) signaling pathway proteins. NFkB signaling was identified as a key mediator of MSC exosome induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells by functional in vitro validation using a specific inhibitor. Collectively, the results of our proteomic analysis show that MSC derived exosomes contain a robust profile of angiogenic paracrine effectors, which have potential for the treatment of ischemic tissue-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Henrik J Johansson
- Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Calvin S Graham
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Missy T Pham
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charles S Bramlett
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Montgomery
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matt S Mellema
- Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Renee L Bardini
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zelenia Contreras
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Madeline Hoon
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kyle J Hendrix
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Frederic Chedin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Billie Hwang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael S Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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22
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Fink KD, Deng P, Gutierrez J, Anderson JS, Torrest A, Komarla A, Kalomoiris S, Cary W, Anderson JD, Gruenloh W, Duffy A, Tempkin T, Annett G, Wheelock V, Segal DJ, Nolta JA. Allele-Specific Reduction of the Mutant Huntingtin Allele Using Transcription Activator-Like Effectors in Human Huntington's Disease Fibroblasts. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:677-86. [PMID: 26850319 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats. Although pathogenesis has been attributed to this polyglutamine expansion, the underlying mechanisms through which the huntingtin protein functions have yet to be elucidated. It has been suggested that postnatal reduction of mutant huntingtin through protein interference or conditional gene knockout could prove to be an effective therapy for patients suffering from HD. For allele-specific targeting, transcription activator-like effectors (TALE) were designed to target single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the mutant allele and packaged into a vector backbone containing KRAB to promote transcriptional repression of the disease-associated allele. Additional TALEs were packaged into a vector backbone containing heterodimeric FokI and were designed to be used as nucleases (TALEN) to cause a CAG-collapse in the mutant allele. Human HD fibroblasts were treated with each TALE-SNP or TALEN. Allele-expression was measured using a SNP-genotyping assay and mutant protein aggregation was quantified with Western blots for anti-ubiquitin. The TALE-SNP and TALEN significantly reduced mutant allele expression (p < 0.05) when compared to control transfections while not affecting expression of the nondisease allele. This study demonstrates the potential of allele-specific gene modification using TALE proteins, and provides a foundation for targeted treatment for individuals suffering from Huntington's or other genetically linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, Sacramento, CA, USA
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23
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Pollock K, Dahlenburg H, Nelson H, Fink KD, Cary W, Hendrix K, Annett G, Torrest A, Deng P, Gutierrez J, Nacey C, Pepper K, Kalomoiris S, D Anderson J, McGee J, Gruenloh W, Fury B, Bauer G, Duffy A, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Engineered to Overexpress Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Improve Outcomes in Huntington's Disease Mouse Models. Mol Ther 2016; 24:965-77. [PMID: 26765769 PMCID: PMC4881765 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal degenerative autosomal dominant neuropsychiatric disease that causes neuronal death and is characterized by progressive striatal and then widespread brain atrophy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a lead candidate for the treatment of HD, as it has been shown to prevent cell death and to stimulate the growth and migration of new neurons in the brain in transgenic mouse models. BDNF levels are reduced in HD postmortem human brain. Previous studies have shown efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)/BDNF using murine MSCs, and the present study used human MSCs to advance the therapeutic potential of the MSC/BDNF platform for clinical application. Double-blinded studies were performed to examine the effects of intrastriatally transplanted human MSC/BDNF on disease progression in two strains of immune-suppressed HD transgenic mice: YAC128 and R6/2. MSC/BDNF treatment decreased striatal atrophy in YAC128 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also significantly reduced anxiety as measured in the open-field assay. Both MSC and MSC/BDNF treatments induced a significant increase in neurogenesis-like activity in R6/2 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also increased the mean lifespan of the R6/2 mice. Our genetically modified MSC/BDNF cells set a precedent for stem cell-based neurotherapeutics and could potentially be modified for other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. These cells provide a platform delivery system for future studies involving corrective gene-editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Haley Nelson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Whitney Cary
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle Hendrix
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joshua Gutierrez
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Catherine Nacey
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Karen Pepper
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Stefanos Kalomoiris
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeannine McGee
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexandria Duffy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Theresa Tempkin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
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24
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Rossignol J, Fink KD, Crane AT, Davis KK, Bombard MC, Clerc S, Bavar AM, Lowrance SA, Song C, Witte S, Lescaudron L, Dunbar GL. Reductions in behavioral deficits and neuropathology in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease following transplantation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is dependent on passage number. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:9. [PMID: 25971780 PMCID: PMC4429666 DOI: 10.1186/scrt545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat (greater than 38) on the short arm of chromosome 4, resulting in loss and dysfunction of neurons in the neostriatum and cortex, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and death, typically occurring 15 to 20 years after the onset of motor symptoms. Although an effective treatment for HD has remained elusive, current studies using transplants of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells provides considerable promise. This study further investigates the efficacy of these transplants with a focus on comparing how passage number of these cells may affect subsequent efficacy following transplantation. Methods In this study, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone-marrow of mice (BM MSCs), were labeled with Hoechst after low (3 to 8) or high (40 to 50) numbers of passages and then transplanted intrastriatally into 5-week-old R6/2 mice, which carries the N-terminal fragment of the human HD gene (145 to 155 repeats) and rapidly develops symptoms analogous to the human form of the disease. Results It was observed that the transplanted cells survived and the R6/2 mice displayed significant behavioral and morphological sparing compared to untreated R6/2 mice, with R6/2 mice receiving high passage BM MSCs displaying fewer deficits than those receiving low-passage BM MSCs. These beneficial effects are likely due to trophic support, as an increase in brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression was observed in the striatum following transplantation of BM MSCs. Conclusion The results from this study demonstrate that BM MSCs hold significant therapeutic value for HD, and that the amount of time the cells are exposed to in vitro culture conditions can alter their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA. .,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA. .,Faculté des Science et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 44300, Nantes, France. .,INSERM U1064, ITUN, 44093, Nantes, France.
| | - Andrew T Crane
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Kendra K Davis
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Matthew C Bombard
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Steven Clerc
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Angela M Bavar
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Steven A Lowrance
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Cheng Song
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Steven Witte
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| | - Laurent Lescaudron
- Faculté des Science et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 44300, Nantes, France. .,INSERM U791, Laboratoire d'Ingenierie Osteo-Articulaire et Dentaire (LIOAD), 44042, Nantes, France.
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, 1280 East Campus Drive, HP Building Room 2336, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA. .,Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, 48604, USA.
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25
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Fink KD, Crane AT, Lévêque X, Dues DJ, Huffman LD, Moore AC, Story DT, Dejonge RE, Antcliff A, Starski PA, Lu M, Lescaudron L, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL. Intrastriatal transplantation of adenovirus-generated induced pluripotent stem cells for treating neuropathological and functional deficits in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:620-31. [PMID: 24657963 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show considerable promise for cell replacement therapies for Huntington's disease (HD). Our laboratory has demonstrated that tail-tip fibroblasts, reprogrammed into iPSCs via two adenoviruses, can survive and differentiate into neuronal lineages following transplantation into healthy adult rats. However, the ability of these cells to survive, differentiate, and restore function in a damaged brain is unknown. To this end, adult rats received a regimen of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to induce behavioral and neuropathological deficits that resemble HD. At 7, 21, and 42 days after the initiation of 3-NP or vehicle, the rats received intrastriatal bilateral transplantation of iPSCs. All rats that received 3-NP and vehicle treatment displayed significant motor impairment, whereas those that received iPSC transplantation after 3-NP treatment had preserved motor function. Histological analysis of the brains of these rats revealed significant decreases in optical densitometric measures in the striatum, lateral ventricle enlargement, as well as an increase in striosome size in all rats receiving 3-NP when compared with sham rats. The 3-NP-treated rats given transplants of iPSCs in the 7- or 21-day groups did not exhibit these deficits. Transplantation of iPSCs at the late-stage (42-day) time point did not protect against the 3-NP-induced neuropathology, despite preserving motor function. Transplanted iPSCs were found to survive and differentiate into region-specific neurons in the striatum of 3-NP rats, at all transplantation time points. Taken together, these results suggest that transplantation of adenovirus-generated iPSCs may provide a potential avenue for therapeutic treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Program in Neuroscience, and College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA; Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Faculté de Médecine, and Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; INSERM U1064, ITUN, Nantes, France; INSERM U791, Laboratoire d'Ingenierie Osteo-Articulaire et Dentaire, Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France; Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, Michigan, USA; Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Hotel Dieu de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Fink KD, Rossignol J, Crane AT, Davis KK, Bombard MC, Bavar AM, Clerc S, Lowrance SA, Song C, Lescaudron L, Dunbar GL. Transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the striata of R6/2 mice: behavioral and neuropathological analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:130. [PMID: 24456799 PMCID: PMC3854759 DOI: 10.1186/scrt341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat on the short arm of chromosome 4 resulting in cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and death, typically occurring 15 to 20 years after the onset of motor symptoms. Neuropathologically, HD is characterized by a specific loss of medium spiny neurons in the caudate and the putamen, as well as subsequent neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex. The transgenic R6/2 mouse model of HD carries the N-terminal fragment of the human HD gene (145 to 155 repeats) and rapidly develops some of the behavioral characteristics that are analogous to the human form of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown the ability to slow the onset of behavioral and neuropathological deficits following intrastriatal transplantation in rodent models of HD. Use of MSCs derived from umbilical cord (UC) offers an attractive strategy for transplantation as these cells are isolated from a noncontroversial and inexhaustible source and can be harvested at a low cost. Because UC MSCs represent an intermediate link between adult and embryonic tissue, they may hold more pluripotent properties than adult stem cells derived from other sources. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells, isolated from the UC of day 15 gestation pups, were transplanted intrastriatally into 5-week-old R6/2 mice at either a low-passage (3 to 8) or high-passage (40 to 50). Mice were tested behaviorally for 6 weeks using the rotarod task, the Morris water maze, and the limb-clasping response. Following behavioral testing, tissue sections were analyzed for UC MSC survival, the immune response to the transplanted cells, and neuropathological changes. Results Following transplantation of UC MSCs, R6/2 mice did not display a reduction in motor deficits but there appeared to be transient sparing in a spatial memory task when compared to untreated R6/2 mice. However, R6/2 mice receiving either low- or high-passage UC MSCs displayed significantly less neuropathological deficits, relative to untreated R6/2 mice. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrate that UC MSCs hold promise for reducing the neuropathological deficits observed in the R6/2 rodent model of HD.
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Fink KD, Rossignol J, Lu M, Lévêque X, Hulse TD, Crane AT, Nerriere-Daguin V, Wyse RD, Starski PA, Schloop MT, Dues DJ, Witte SJ, Song C, Vallier L, Nguyen TH, Naveilhan P, Anegon I, Lescaudron L, Dunbar GL. Survival and differentiation of adenovirus-generated induced pluripotent stem cells transplanted into the rat striatum. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:1407-23. [PMID: 23879897 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x670958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer certain advantages over embryonic stem cells in cell replacement therapy for a variety of neurological disorders. However, reliable procedures, whereby transplanted iPSCs can survive and differentiate into functional neurons, without forming tumors, have yet to be devised. Currently, retroviral or lentiviral reprogramming methods are often used to reprogram somatic cells. Although the use of these viruses has proven to be effective, formation of tumors often results following in vivo transplantation, possibly due to the integration of the reprogramming genes. The goal of the current study was to develop a new approach, using an adenovirus for reprogramming cells, characterize the iPSCs in vitro, and test their safety, survivability, and ability to differentiate into region-appropriate neurons following transplantation into the rat brain. To this end, iPSCs were derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and tail-tip fibroblasts using a single cassette lentivirus or a combination of adenoviruses. The reprogramming efficiency and levels of pluripotency were compared using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our data indicate that adenovirus-generated iPSCs from tail-tip fibroblasts are as efficient as the method we used for lentiviral reprogramming. All generated iPSCs were also capable of differentiating into neuronal-like cells in vitro. To test the in vivo survivability and the ability to differentiate into region-specific neurons in the absence of tumor formation, 400,000 of the iPSCs derived from tail-tip fibroblasts that were transfected with the adenovirus pair were transplanted into the striatum of adult, immune-competent rats. We observed that these iPSCs produced region-specific neuronal phenotypes, in the absence of tumor formation, at 90 days posttransplantation. These results suggest that adenovirus-generated iPSCs may provide a safe and viable means for neuronal replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Program in Neuroscience, Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology Brain Research and Integrative Neuroscience Center, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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Fink KD, Rossignol J, Crane AT, Davis KK, Bavar AM, Dekorver NW, Lowrance SA, Reilly MP, Sandstrom MI, von Hörsten S, Lescaudron L, Dunbar GL. Early cognitive dysfunction in the HD 51 CAG transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease. Behav Neurosci 2013; 126:479-87. [PMID: 22642889 DOI: 10.1037/a0028028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in humans caused by an expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat that produces choreic movements, which are preceded by cognitive deficits. The HD transgenic rat (tgHD), which contains the human HD mutation with a 51 CAG repeat allele, exhibits motor deficits that begin when these rats are 12 months of age. However, there are no reports of cognitive dysfunction occurring prior to this. To assess whether cognitive dysfunction might precede motor deficits in tgHD rats, one group of 9-month-old male rats with homozygotic mutated genes and one group of wild-type (WT) rats underwent three testing phases in a unique Spatial Operant Reversal Test (SORT) paradigm, as well as assessment of spontaneous motor activity. After testing, morphological and histological examination of the brains were made. Results indicated that tgHD rats acquired the cued-response (Phase 1) portion of the SORT, but made significantly more errors during the reversal (Phase 2) and during the pseudorandomized reversals (Phase 3) portion of the study, when compared to WT rats. Analysis of the data using mathematical principles of reinforcement revealed no memory, motor, or motivational deficits. These results indicate that early cognitive dysfunction, as measured by the SORT, occur prior to motor deficits, gross anatomical changes, or cell loss in the tgHD rat with 51 CAG repeats, and suggest that this protocol could provide a useful screen for therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, USA
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Crane AT, Fink KD, Smith JS. The effects of acute voluntary wheel running on recovery of function following medial frontal cortical contusions in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2012; 30:325-33. [PMID: 22596352 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-2012-120232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces significant deficits in executive function, sensory-motor function, and on spatial learning tasks. We wish to study if recovery from TBI can be benefited by voluntary exercise. METHODS A variation of the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task was employed to measure rats ability to obtain maximum reinforcers in a complex behavioral task. A 2 × 2 (lesion × treatment) experimental design was constructed with 31 weight restricted male Long-Evans rats which received either bilateral cortical contusions to the medial frontal cortex or sham preparations following the acquisition of the SSRT task (matched based on pre-surgical performance). Following surgery, rats were randomly assigned to either an environment with free access to running wheels or traditional single housing without running wheels. RESULTS Rats receiving a bilateral TBI performed significantly worse than sham operated rats on a complex task. Contrary to our original hypothesis, acute exercise following injury exacerbated the deficits in the complex task that did not return to levels of the injured rats without access to running wheels until post-TBI day 13. CONCLUSION We found a significant interaction between severe bilateral TBI and the introduction of voluntary exercise immediately post-injury. In this paradigm, voluntary wheel running exacerbated the TBI-induced deficit, rather than reducing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
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Lescaudron L, Boyer C, Bonnamain V, Fink KD, Lévêque X, Rossignol J, Nerrière-Daguin V, Malouet AC, Lelan F, Dey ND, Michel-Monigadon D, Lu M, Neveu I, von Hörsten S, Naveilhan P, Dunbar GL. Assessing the potential clinical utility of transplantations of neural and mesenchymal stem cells for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 879:147-64. [PMID: 22610559 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for neurodegenerative diseases have little impact on the long-term patient health. However, cellular transplants of neuroblasts derived from the aborted embryonic brain tissue in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and in patients have demonstrated survival and functionality in the brain. However, ethical and functional problems due to the use of this fetal tissue stopped most of the clinical trials. Therefore, new cell sources were needed, and scientists focused on neural (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When transplanted in the brain of animals with Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, NSCs and MSCs were able to induce partial functional recovery by promoting neuroprotection and immunomodulation. MSCs are more readily accessible than NSCs due to sources such as the bone marrow. However, MSCs are not capable of differentiating into neurons in vivo where NSCs are. Thus, transplantation of NSCs and MSCs is interesting for brain regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we detail the methods for NSCs and MSCs isolation as well as the transplantation procedures used to treat rodent models of neurodegenerative damage.
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Rossignol J, Boyer C, Lévèque X, Fink KD, Thinard R, Blanchard F, Dunbar GL, Lescaudron L. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and DMEM administration in a 3NP rat model of Huntington's disease: morphological and behavioral outcomes. Behav Brain Res 2010; 217:369-78. [PMID: 21070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer a viable treatment for Huntington's disease (HD). We tested the efficacy of MSC transplants to reduce deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) rat model of HD. Five groups of rats (Sham, 3NP, 3NP+vehicle, 3NP+TP(low), 3NP+TP(high)), were given PBS or 3NP intraperitoneally, twice daily for 42 days. On day 28, rats in all groups except Sham and 3NP, received intrastriatal injections of either 200,000 MSCs (TP(low)), 400,000 (TP(high)) MSCs or DMEM (VH, the vehicle for transplantation). MSCs survived 72 days without inducing a strong inflammatory response from the striatum. Behavioral sparing was observed on tests of supported-hindlimb-retraction, unsupported-hindlimb-retraction, visual paw placement and stepping ability for 3NP+TP(low) rats and on the unsupported-hindlimb-retraction and rotarod tasks for 3NP+VH rats. Relative to 3NP controls, all treated groups were protected from 3NP-induced enlargement of the lateral ventricles. In vitro, MSCs expressed transcripts for numerous neurotrophic factors. In vivo, increased striatal labeling in BDNF, collagen type-I and fibronectin (but not GDNF or CNTF) was observed in the brains of MSC-transplanted rats but not in DMEM-treated rats. In addition, none of the transplanted MSCs expressed neural phenotypes. These findings suggest that factors other than neuronal replacement underlie the behavioral sparing observed in 3NP rats after MSC transplantation.
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