1
|
Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han Z, Zhang L, Ma M, Keshavarzi M. Effects of MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs on Beneficial Action of Exercise on Cognition in Degenerative Diseases: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4. [PMID: 38869810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has exposed a growing body of proof underscoring the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the physical composition of neurons and influencing cognitive functioning in both standard and atypical circumstances. Extensive research has been conducted on the possible application of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases, with a particular focus on brain disorders, as they possess remarkable durability in cell-free surroundings and can endure repeated freezing and thawing processes. It is intriguing to note that miRNAs and lncRNAs have the ability to function through paracrine mechanisms, thereby playing a role in communication between different organs. Recent research has proposed that the improvement of cognitive abilities through physical exercise in mentally healthy individuals is a valuable method for uncovering potential connections between miRNAs, or microRNAs, and lncRNAs, and human cognitive function. The process of cross-correlating data from disease models and patients with existing data will be crucial in identifying essential miRNAs and lncRNAs, which can potentially act as biomarkers or drug targets in the treatment of cognitive disorders. By combining this method with additional research in animal models, we can determine the function of these molecules and their potential impact on therapy. This article discusses the latest research about the primary miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their exosomes that are affected by physical activity in terms of human cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Capital University Of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Minhang Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Is Nrf2 Behind Endogenous Neuroprotection of the Hippocampal CA2-4,DG Region? Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1645-1658. [PMID: 36547847 PMCID: PMC9899192 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of genes known to be involved in antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory processes, metabolic regulation, and other cellular functions. Here, we also hypothesize a core role for it in endogenous neuroprotection, i.e., the natural adaptive mechanisms protecting the brain from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) episode. An example of endogenous neuroprotection is ischemia-resistance of the hippocampal regions comprising the CA2, CA3, CA4 and dentate gyrus subfields (here abbreviated to CA2-4,DG) which can be contrasted with the ischemia-vulnerable CA1 region. In the work detailed here, we used a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia to examined Nrf2 activation in CA1 and CA2-4,DG, in a control group, and post I/R episode. Data obtained indicate enhanced Nrf2 activity in CA2-4,DG as compared with CA1 in the control, with this difference seen to persist even after I/R. While I/R does indeed cause further activation of Nrf2 in CA2-4,DG, it is associated with slight and transient activation in CA1. Sub-regional differences in Nrf2 activity correlate with immunoreactivity of Keap1 (an Nrf2 suppressor) and Nrf2 target proteins, including heme oxygenase 1, the catalytic and modulatory sub-units of glutamate-cysteine ligase, and glutathione peroxidase 1. Pharmacological Nrf2 activation by sulforaphane results in protection of CA1 after I/R episode. Our results therefore suggest that high Nrf2 activity in CA2-4,DG may guarantee resistance of this region to I/R, potentially explaining the differential sensitivities of the hippocampal regions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Pharmacologic Preconditioning as a Means to Reduce Stroke-induced Inflammation and Damage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3598-3614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Qu Y, Zhang P, He QY, Sun YY, Wang MQ, Liu J, Zhang PD, Yang Y, Guo ZN. The Impact of Serial Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation and Brain Injury Related Biomarkers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:835173. [PMID: 35273521 PMCID: PMC8902383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.835173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have demonstrated the positive roles of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with cerebrovascular diseases; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of serial RIC on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and serum biomarkers associated with brain injury, both of which are related to the prognosis of cerebrovascular disease. Methods This was a self-controlled interventional study in healthy adults. The RIC was conducted twice a day for 7 consecutive days (d1–d7) and comprised 4 × 5-min single arm cuff inflation/deflation cycles at 200 mmHg. All participants underwent assessments of dCA ten times, including baseline, d1, d2, d4, d7, d8, d10, d14, d21, and d35 of the study. Blood samples were collected four times (baseline, d1, d7, and d8) immediately after dCA measurements. The transfer function parameters [phase difference (PD) and gain] were used to quantify dCA. Four serum biomarkers associated with brain injury, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β were tested. Results Twenty-two healthy adult volunteers (mean age 25.73 ± 1.78 years, 3 men [13.6%], all Asian) were enrolled in this study. Bilateral PD values were significantly higher since four times of RIC were completed (d2) compared with PD values at baseline (left: 53.31 ± 10.53 vs. 45.87 ± 13.02 degree, p = 0.015; right: 54.90 ± 10.46 vs. 45.96 ± 10.77 degree, p = 0.005). After completing 7 days of RIC, the significant increase in dCA was sustained for at least 28 days (d35, left: 53.11 ± 14.51 degree, P = 0.038; right: 56.95 ± 14.57 degree, p < 0.001). No difference was found in terms of different serum biomarkers related to brain injury before and after RIC. Conclusion The elevation in dCA was detected immediately after four repeated times of RIC, and 7-day consecutive RIC induced a sustained increase in dCA for at least 28 days and did not affect blood biomarkers of brain injury in healthy adults. These results will help us to formulate detailed strategies for the safe and effective application of RIC in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Ying Sun
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Mei-Qi Wang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pan-Deng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Li S, Stone SS, Liu N, Gong K, Ren C, Sun K, Zhang C, Shao G. The Role of the lncRNA MALAT1 in Neuroprotection against Hypoxic/Ischemic Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010146. [PMID: 35053294 PMCID: PMC8773505 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic and ischemic brain injury can cause neurological disability and mortality, and has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Long-chain non-coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of many diseases. Metastasis-related lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a type of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), known as long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA), and is highly abundant in the nervous system. The enrichment of MALAT1 in the brain indicates that it may be associated with important functions in pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, the role of MALAT1 in neuronal cell hypoxic/ischemic injury has been gradually discovered over recent years. In this article, we summarize recent research regarding the neuroprotective molecular mechanism of MALAT1 and its regulation of pathophysiological processes of brain hypoxic/ischemic injury. MALAT1 may function as a regulator through interaction with proteins or RNAs to perform its role, and may therefore serve as a therapeutic target in cerebral hypoxia/ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
- Institute for Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sara Saymuah Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48021, USA;
| | - Na Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
- Institute for Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Kerui Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (C.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, China
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (C.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Guo Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518112, China; (L.W.); (N.L.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
- Institute for Neuroscience, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, China
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (C.Z.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ehresman J, Cottrill E, Caplan JM, McDougall CG, Theodore N, Nyquist PA. Neuroprotective Role of Acidosis in Ischemia: Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6684-6696. [PMID: 34606050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop effective neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke have had little success to date. One promising approach to neuroprotection is ischemic postconditioning, which utilizes brief bouts of ischemia after acute ischemic stroke to elicit neuroprotection, although the mechanism is largely unknown. As the primary components of transient ischemia are local hypoxia and acidosis, and hypoxic postconditioning has had little success, it is possible that the acidosis component may be the primary driver. To address the evidence behind this, we performed a systematic review of preclinical studies focused on the neuroprotective role of transient acidosis after ischemia. Animal studies demonstrated that mild-to-moderate acidosis after ischemic events led to better functional neurologic outcomes with reduced infarct volumes, while severe acidosis often led to cerebral edema and worse functional outcomes. In vitro studies demonstrated that mild-to-moderate acidosis improves neuronal survival largely through two means: (1) inhibition of harmful superoxide formation in the excitotoxic pathway and (2) remodeling neuronal mitochondria to allow for efficient ATP production (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation), even in the absence of oxygen. Similar to the animal studies, acidotic postconditioning in humans would entail short cycles of carbon dioxide inhalation, which has already been demonstrated to be safe as part of a hypercapnic challenge when measuring cerebrovascular reactivity. Due to the preclinical efficacy of acidotic postconditioning, its relatively straightforward translation into humans, and the growing need for neuroprotective therapies, future preclinical studies should focus on filling the current knowledge gaps that are currently restricting the development of phase I/II clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Ehresman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Justin M Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Cameron G McDougall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul A Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Phipps 416, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burda J, Burda R. Ischemic tolerance - blessing or curse. Physiol Res 2021; 70:661-670. [PMID: 34505532 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of knowledge about ischemic tolerance to clinic requires the solid understanding of mechanism of creation of this phenomenon. This review summarizes research that has been carried out in many laboratories over a long period of time, but the main focus will be on own experimental research. The main emphasis is devoted to the possibility of preparing full tolerance in the donor's body and its transfer to the patient in the form of activated blood plasma. Such plasma could be administered as soon as the patient is transported to the hospital and would take effect immediately after administration to the patient's bloodstream. One chapter is also devoted to anticonditioning, i.e. the possibility of preventing the activation of tolerance. Anticonditioning could be used to treat oncologic patients. We expect that this method could increase effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cross-tolerance with a wide range of diverse stressors gives us the courage to assume that activated plasma can significantly help with a wide range of pathological events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic. Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Trauma Surgery, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie X, Li M, Zhou M, Chow SF, Tsang CK. Pharmacological preconditioning by TERT inhibitor BIBR1532 confers neuronal ischemic tolerance through TERT-mediated transcriptional reprogramming. J Neurochem 2021; 159:690-709. [PMID: 34532857 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After a sublethal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) stimulus, the brain has a remarkable capability of acquiring tolerance to subsequent ischemic insult by establishing precautionary self-protective mechanism. Understanding this endogenous mechanism would reveal novel and effective neuroprotective targets for ischemic brain injury. Our previous study has implied that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is associated with IPC-induced tolerance. Here, we investigated the mechanism of TERT-mediated ischemic tolerance. Preconditioning was modeled by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and by TERT inhibitor BIBR1532 in primary neurons. We found that ischemic tolerance was conferred by BIBR1532 preconditioning. We used the Cleavage-Under-Targets-And-Tagmentation approach, a recently developed method with superior signal-to-noise ratio, to comprehensively map the genomic binding sites of TERT in primary neurons, and showed that more than 50% of TERT-binding sites were located at the promoter regions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that under normal conditions TERT physically bound to many previously unknown genomic loci in neurons, whereas BIBR1532 preconditioning significantly altered TERT-chromatin-binding profile. Intriguingly, we found that BIBR1532-preconditioned neurons showed significant up-regulation of promoter binding of TERT to the mitochondrial anti-oxidant genes, which were correlated with their elevated expression. Functional analysis further indicated that BIBR1532-preconditioning significantly reduced ROS levels and enhanced tolerance to severe ischemia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurons in a TERT-dependent manner. Together, these results demonstrate that BIBR1532 confers neuronal ischemic tolerance through TERT-mediated transcriptional reprogramming for up-regulation of mitochondrial anti-oxidation gene expression, suggesting the translational potential of BIBR1532 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury and oxidative stress-induced neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Xie
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Zhou
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Core Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Kwan Tsang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barrio E, Vecino R, Sánchez-Morán I, Rodríguez C, Suárez-Pindado A, Bolaños JP, Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M. Preconditioning-Activated AKT Controls Neuronal Tolerance to Ischemia through the MDM2-p53 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147275. [PMID: 34298892 PMCID: PMC8304232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important mechanisms of preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection is the attenuation of cell apoptosis, inducing brain tolerance after a subsequent injurious ischemia. In this context, the antiapoptotic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a key role by regulating cell differentiation and survival. Active AKT is known to increase the expression of murine double minute-2 (MDM2), an E3-ubiquitin ligase that destabilizes p53 to promote the survival of cancer cells. In neurons, we recently showed that the MDM2–p53 interaction is potentiated by pharmacological preconditioning, based on subtoxic stimulation of NMDA glutamate receptor, which prevents ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, whether this mechanism contributes to the neuronal tolerance during ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is unknown. Here, we show that IPC induced PI3K-mediated phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, which in turn phosphorylated MDM2 at Ser166. This phosphorylation triggered the nuclear stabilization of MDM2, leading to p53 destabilization, thus preventing neuronal apoptosis upon an ischemic insult. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway with wortmannin or by AKT silencing induced the accumulation of cytosolic MDM2, abrogating IPC-induced neuroprotection. Thus, IPC enhances the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promotes neuronal tolerance by controlling the MDM2–p53 interaction. Our findings provide a new mechanistic pathway involved in IPC-induced neuroprotection via modulation of AKT signaling, suggesting that AKT is a potential therapeutic target against ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barrio
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Rebeca Vecino
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Suárez-Pindado
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Delgado-Esteban
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-29-4908
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang J, Han R, Zhou B. Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050424. [PMID: 34064579 PMCID: PMC8151271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous protective strategy, which has been reported to exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC remain elusive. An increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke and IPC serves to highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the metabolic disorder and metabolic plasticity in the incidence and progression of ischemic stroke. We also elaborate how IPC fully mobilizes the metabolic reprogramming to maintain brain metabolic homeostasis, especially for energy and redox homeostasis, and finally protects brain function in the event of an ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongrong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Bing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao Y, Xin M, Feng L, Wang X, Wang X, Ma D, Feng J. Review Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance and Preconditioning: Methods, Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Challenges. Front Neurol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 33071923 PMCID: PMC7530891 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is increasing in prevalence. The limited therapeutic window and potential severe side effects prevent the widespread clinical application of the venous injection of thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator and thrombectomy, which are regarded as the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Triggered by various types of mild stressors or stimuli, ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) induces adaptive endogenous tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating a multitude cascade of biomolecules, for example, proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and others, which eventually lead to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic and genomic reprogramming. During the past 30 years, IPreC has been widely studied to confirm its neuroprotection against subsequent I/R injury, mainly including local ischemic preconditioning (LIPreC), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC), and cross preconditioning. Although LIPreC has a strong neuroprotective effect, the clinical application of IPreC for subsequent cerebral ischemia is difficult. There are two main reasons for the above result: Cerebral ischemia is unpredictable, and LIPreC is also capable of inducing unexpected injury with only minor differences to durations or intensity. RIPreC and pharmacological preconditioning, an easy-to-use and non-invasive therapy, can be performed in a variety of clinical settings and appear to be more suitable for the clinical management of ischemic stroke. Hoping to advance our understanding of IPreC, this review mainly focuses on recent advances in IPreC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential study directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liangshu Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kostyuk AI, Kokova AD, Podgorny OV, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Genetically Encoded Tools for Research of Cell Signaling and Metabolism under Brain Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E516. [PMID: 32545356 PMCID: PMC7346190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized by low oxygen content in the tissues. The central nervous system (CNS) is highly vulnerable to a lack of oxygen. Prolonged hypoxia leads to the death of brain cells, which underlies the development of many pathological conditions. Despite the relevance of the topic, different approaches used to study the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia have many limitations. One promising lead is the use of various genetically encoded tools that allow for the observation of intracellular parameters in living systems. In the first part of this review, we provide the classification of oxygen/hypoxia reporters as well as describe other genetically encoded reporters for various metabolic and redox parameters that could be implemented in hypoxia studies. In the second part, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the primary hypoxia model systems and highlight inspiring examples of research in which these experimental settings were combined with genetically encoded reporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodriguez C, Agulla J, Delgado-Esteban M. Refocusing the Brain: New Approaches in Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:51-63. [PMID: 32189131 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new era for neuroprotective strategies is emerging in ischemia/reperfusion. This has forced to review the studies existing to date based in neuroprotection against oxidative stress, which have undoubtedly contributed to clarify the brain endogenous mechanisms, as well as to identify possible therapeutic targets or biomarkers in stroke and other neurological diseases. The efficacy of exogenous administration of neuroprotective compounds has been shown in different studies so far. However, something must be missing to get these treatments successfully applied in the clinical environment. Here, the mechanisms involved in neuronal protection against physiological level of ROS and the main neuroprotective signaling pathways induced by excitotoxic and ischemic stimuli are reviewed. Also, the endogenous ischemic tolerance in terms of brain self-protection mechanisms against subsequent cerebral ischemia is revisited to highlight how the preconditioning has emerged as a powerful tool to understand these phenomena. A better understanding of endogenous defense against exacerbated ROS and metabolism in nervous cells will therefore aid to design pharmacological antioxidants targeted specifically against oxidative damage induced by ischemic injury, but also might be very valuable for translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Delgado-Esteban
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pignataro G, Brancaccio P, Laudati G, Valsecchi V, Anzilotti S, Casamassa A, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A. Sodium/calcium exchanger as main effector of endogenous neuroprotection elicited by ischemic tolerance. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102183. [PMID: 32120196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ischemic tolerance (IT) paradigm represents a fundamental cell response to certain types or injury able to render an organ more "tolerant" to a subsequent, stronger, insult. During the 16th century, the toxicologist Paracelsus described for the first time the possibility that a noxious event might determine a state of tolerance. This finding was summarized in one of his most important mentions: "The dose makes the poison". In more recent years, ischemic tolerance in the brain was first described in 1991, when it was demonstrated by Kirino and collaborators that two minutes of subthreshold brain ischemia in gerbils produced tolerance against global brain ischemia. Based on the time in which the conditioning stimulus is applied, it is possible to define preconditioning, perconditioning and postconditioning, when the subthreshold insult is applied before, during or after the ischemic event, respectively. Furthermore, depending on the temporal delay from the ischemic event, two different modalities are distinguished: rapid or delayed preconditioning and postconditioning. Finally, the circumstance in which the conditioning stimulus is applied on an organ distant from the brain is referred as remote conditioning. Over the years the "conditioning" paradigm has been applied to several brain disorders and a number of molecular mechanisms taking part to these protective processes have been described. The mechanisms are usually classified in three distinct categories identified as triggers, mediators and effectors. As concerns the putative effectors, it has been hypothesized that brain cells appear to have the ability to adapt to hypoxia by reducing their energy demand through modulation of ion channels and transporters, which delays anoxic depolarization. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the role played by plasmamembrane proteins able to control ionic homeostasis in mediating protection elicited by brain conditioning, particular attention will be deserved to the role played by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - V Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - A Casamassa
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Ma X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Liu X. DDAH-1 via HIF-1 target genes improves cerebral ischemic tolerance after hypoxic preconditioning and middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion. Nitric Oxide 2020; 95:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Yang T, Sun Y, Li Q, Li S, Shi Y, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F. Ischemic preconditioning provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic stroke: The role of Nrf2. Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113142. [PMID: 31812555 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A major gap in the field of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is whether or not long-lasting neuroprotection can be achieved. Moreover, the specific mechanisms underlying IPC and how they can be translated into the clinic remain uncertain. To fill these gaps, we tested the hypothesis that IPC exerts long-lasting structural and functional neuroprotection against ischemic stroke through the master gatekeeper of antioxidant defenses, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We also tested whether the brain could be pharmaceutically preconditioned with a potent and blood-brain barrier-permeable Nrf2 activator, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-oleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-trifluoethyl amide (CDDO-TFEA). METHODS IPC was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 12 min, and ischemic stroke was generated by MCAO for 60 min in wild-type (WT) or Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice. Sensorimotor function, learning/memory skills, and brain tissue loss were measured up to 35 days after stroke. Primary rodent cortical neurons from wildtype (WT) and Nrf2 KO mice were subjected to lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or a brief OGD episode as a preconditioning (PC) stimulus before OGD. Cell viability/death, lipid electrophile generation, and Nrf2 activation were measured. CDDO-TFEA or its vehicle was administered in vivo for three consecutive days before MCAO. Tissue loss and neurological tests were performed 35 days after stroke. RESULTS IPC significantly reduced sensorimotor deficits, post-stroke cognitive impairments, and brain tissue loss, 35 days after MCAO in WT mice. These enduring protective effects of IPC were inhibited in Nrf2 KO mice. In neuronal cultures, PC also endowed primary neurons with ischemic tolerance against OGD-induced cell death, an effect that was abolished by loss of Nrf2 expression in KO neurons. PC induced the generation of low levels of lipid electrophiles and led to activation of the Nrf2 pathway. The mechanism underlying IPC may be translatable, as exogenous administration of the Nrf2 activator CDDO-TFEA significantly reduced neurological dysfunction and ischemic brain damage after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS IPC provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury and post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. Nrf2 activation plays a key role in this beneficial outcome and is a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Senmiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of Brain Ischemic Preconditioning on Cognitive Decline and Motor Incoordination in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Intoxicated Rats: Probable Mechanisms of Action. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Guo ZN, Guo WT, Liu J, Chang J, Ma H, Zhang P, Zhang FL, Han K, Hu HH, Jin H, Sun X, Simpson DM, Yang Y. Changes in cerebral autoregulation and blood biomarkers after remote ischemic preconditioning. Neurology 2019; 93:e8-e19. [PMID: 31142636 PMCID: PMC6659004 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and various blood biomarkers in healthy adults. Methods A self-controlled interventional study was conducted. Serial measurements of dCA were performed at 7 time points (7, 9, and 11 am; 2, 5, and 8 pm, and 8 am on the next day) without or with RIPC, carried out at 7:20 to 8 am. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (7 am) and 1 hour after RIPC, and blood biomarkers, including 5 neuroprotective factors and 25 inflammation-related biomarkers, were measured with a quantitative protein chip. Results Fifty participants were enrolled (age 34.54 ± 12.01 years, 22 men). Compared with the results on the day without RIPC, dCA was significantly increased at 6 hours after RIPC, and the increase was sustained for at least 24 hours. After RIPC, 2 neuroprotective factors (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor-A) and 4 inflammation-related biomarkers (transforming growth factor-β1, leukemia inhibitory factor, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1) were significantly elevated compared with their baseline levels. Conversely, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly lower compared with its baseline level. Conclusions RIPC induces a sustained increase of dCA from 6 to at least 24 hours after treatment in healthy adults. In addition, several neuroprotective and inflammation-related blood biomarkers were differentially regulated shortly after RIPC. The increased dCA and altered blood biomarkers may collectively contribute to the beneficial effects of RIPC on cerebrovascular function. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02965547.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Wei-Tong Guo
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jia Liu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Junlei Chang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hongyin Ma
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Fu-Liang Zhang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ke Han
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Han-Hwa Hu
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hang Jin
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Xin Sun
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - David Martin Simpson
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- From the Stroke Center (Z.-N.G., W.-T.G., H.M., F.-L.Z., H.J., X.S., Y.Y.) and Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke (Z.-N.G., P.Z., Y.Y.), Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun; Laboratory for Engineering and Scientific Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering (J.L.) and Center for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (J.C.), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University Town; Department of Neurology (K.H.), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University-Shaung Ho Hospital (H.-H.H.), and Cerebrovascular Treatment and Research Center (H.-H.H.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (D.M.S.), University of Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lanigan SM, O'Connor JJ. Prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors: can multiple mechanisms be an opportunity for ischemic stroke? Neuropharmacology 2018; 148:117-130. [PMID: 30578795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease are now the fifth most common cause of death behind other diseases such as heart, cancer and respiratory disease and accounts for approximately 40-50 fatalities per 100,000 people each year in the United States. Currently the only therapy for acute stroke, is intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator which was approved in 1996 by the FDA. Surprisingly no new treatments have come on the market since, although endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is showing promising results in trials. Recently focus has shifted towards a preventative therapy rather than trying to reverse or limit the amount of damage occurring following stroke onset. During one of the components of ischemia, hypoxia, a number of physiological changes occur within neurons which include the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors. The activity of these proteins is regulated by O2, Fe2+, 2-OG and ascorbate-dependant hydroxylases which contain prolyl-4-hydroxylase domains (PHDs). PHD inhibitors are capable of pharmacologically activating the body's own endogenous adaptive response to low levels of oxygen and have therefore become an attractive therapeutic target for treating ischemia. They have been widely used in the periphery and have been shown to have a preconditioning and protective effect against a later and more severe ischemic insult. Currently there are a number of these agents in phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials for the treatment of anemia. In this review we assess the neuroprotective effects of PHD inhibitors, including dimethyloxalylglycine and deferoxamine and suggest that not all of their effects in the CNS are HIF-dependent. Unravelling new roles and a better understanding of the function of PHD inhibitors in the CNS may be of great benefit especially when investigating their use in the treatment of stroke and other ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M Lanigan
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John J O'Connor
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Geng J, Zhang Y, Li S, Li S, Wang J, Wang H, Aa J, Wang G. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals That Reprogramming of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Is Involved in Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:57-68. [PMID: 30362349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic tolerance renders the brain resistant to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as a result of the activation of endogenous adaptive responses triggered by various types of preconditioning. The complex underlying metabolic mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotection of cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) remain elusive. Herein, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was applied to delineate the dynamic changes of brain metabolome in a rodent model of ischemic stroke (transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, tMCAO), alone or after pretreatment with nonlethal ischemic tolerance induction (transient occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries, tBCCAO). Metabolomic analysis showed that accumulation of glucose (concentration increased more than 4 fold) and glycolytic intermediates is the prominent feature of brain I/R-induced metabolic disturbance. IPC attenuated brain I/R damage by subduing postischemic hyperglycolysis, increasing the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and promoting the utilization of β-hydroxybutyrate. The expression analysis of pivotal genes and proteins involved in relevant metabolic pathways revealed that the downregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) and reduced mRNA levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) subunits were associated with IPC-induced metabolic flexibility, which allows the brain to be more capable of withstanding severe I/R insults. The present study provided mechanistic insights into the metabolic signature of IPC and indicated that adaptively modulating brain glucose metabolism could be an effective approach for the therapeutic intervention of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Sijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee JC, Shin BN, Cho JH, Lee TK, Kim IH, Noh Y, Kim SS, Lee HA, Kim YM, Kim H, Cho JH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kang IJ, Hwang IK, Won MH, Shin MC. Brain ischemic preconditioning protects against moderate, not severe, transient global cerebral ischemic injury. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1193-1201. [PMID: 29644488 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the brain increases ischemic tolerance to subsequent ischemic insults. In this study, we examined whether IPC protects neurons and attenuates microgliosis or not in the hippocampus following severe transient global cerebral ischemia (TCI) in gerbils. Gerbils were assigned to 8 groups; 5- and 15-min sham operated groups, 5-min and 15-min TCI operated groups, IPC plus 5- and 15-min sham operated groups, and IPC plus 5- and 15-min TCI operated groups. IPC was induced by subjecting animals to 2-min transient ischemia 1 day before 5-min TCI for a typical transient ischemia and 15-min TCI for severe transient ischemia. Neuronal damage was examined by cresyl violet staining and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. In addition, microglial activation was examined using immunohistochemistry for Iba-1 (a marker for microglia). Delayed neuronal death and microgliosis was found in the CA1 alone in the 5-min TCI operated group at 5 days post-ischemia, and, in the 15-min TCI operated group, neuronal death and microgliosis was shown in all CA areas (CA1-3) and the dentate gyrus. IPC displayed neuroprotection and attenuated microglial activation in the 5-min TCI operated group. However, in the 15-min TCI operated group, IPC did not show neuroprotection and not attenuate microglial activation. Our present findings indicate that IPC hardly protect against severe transient cerebral ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - YooHun Noh
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Company, Gwacheon, 13837, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, 27376, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gower A, Tiberi M. The Intersection of Central Dopamine System and Stroke: Potential Avenues Aiming at Enhancement of Motor Recovery. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 30034335 PMCID: PMC6043669 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, plays a role in a wide range of brain sensorimotor functions. Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia are two major human neuropsychiatric disorders typically associated with dysfunctional dopamine activity levels, which can be alleviated through the druggability of the dopaminergic systems. Meanwhile, several studies suggest that optimal brain dopamine activity levels are also significantly impacted in other serious neurological conditions, notably stroke, but this has yet to be fully appreciated at both basic and clinical research levels. This is of utmost importance as there is a need for better treatments to improve recovery from stroke. Here, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding the modulation of dopaminergic systems following stroke, and the use of dopamine boosting therapies in animal stroke models to improve stroke recovery. Indeed, studies in animals and humans show stroke leads to changes in dopamine functioning. Moreover, evidence from animal stroke models suggests stimulation of dopamine receptors may be a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing motor recovery from stroke. With respect to the latter, we discuss the evidence for several possible receptor-linked mechanisms by which improved motor recovery may be mediated. One avenue of particular promise is the subtype-selective stimulation of dopamine receptors in conjunction with physical therapy. However, results from clinical trials so far have been more mixed due to a number of potential reasons including, targeting of the wrong patient populations and use of drugs which modulate a wide array of receptors. Notwithstanding these issues, it is hoped that future research endeavors will assist in the development of more refined dopaminergic therapeutic approaches to enhance stroke recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gower
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Estrada-Rojo F, Morales-Gomez J, Coballase-Urrutia E, Martinez-Vargas M, Navarro L. Diurnal variation of NMDA receptor expression in the rat cerebral cortex is associated with traumatic brain injury damage. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:150. [PMID: 29467028 PMCID: PMC5822486 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data from our laboratory suggest that recovery from a traumatic brain injury depends on the time of day at which it occurred. In this study, we examined whether traumatic brain injury -induced damage is related to circadian variation in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression in rat cortex. RESULTS We confirmed that traumatic brain injury recovery depended on the time of day at which the damage occurred. We also found that motor cortex N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 expression exhibited diurnal variation in both control and traumatic brain injury-subjected rats. However, this rhythm is more pronounced in traumatic brain injury-subjected rats, with minimum expression in those injured during nighttime hours. These findings suggest that traumatic brain injury occurrence times should be considered in future clinical studies and when designing neuroprotective strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Estrada-Rojo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Morales-Gomez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marina Martinez-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shang JL, Cheng Q, Duan SJ, Li L, Jia LY. Cognitive improvement following ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by voluntary running‑wheel exercise is associated with LncMALAT1‑mediated apoptosis inhibition. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2715-2723. [PMID: 29436629 PMCID: PMC5846661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous human and animal studies demonstrated that voluntary exercise may improve cognitive function and facilitate neuronal plasticity in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models. However, the possible underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), may be associated with the functions and dysfunctions of endothelial cells. The present study investigated whether spontaneous running‑wheel (RW) exercise‑induced MALAT1 expression changes may be associated with the cognitive improvement of mice following I/R injury. The expression of MALAT1 was evaluated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Artificial MALAT1 and MALAT1 lentiviral mall interfering (siRNA) were used to alter MALAT1 expression levels in vivo. The Morris Water Maze test was performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory retention in the mice. Changes in the apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons and levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins were also detected. The data revealed that MALAT1 increased in the hippocampus of mice in the RW‑treated I/R group and that this was associated with neurological, learning and memory improvement, reduced infarction volumes, decreased apoptosis and alterations to expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins. Following RW training in I/R‑injured mice, lentiviral MALAT1 siRNA conduction partially attenuated the protections induced by voluntary RW. However, exogenous MALAT1 treatment increased the protection. The current findings suggested that voluntary RW protected hippocampal neurons from I/R injury and promoted cognitive restoration, which was associated with lncRNA MALAT1‑mediated apoptosis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Shang
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Geriatrics Department, Changzhi People Hospital, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Jie Duan
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Jia
- Neurology Department, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shaanxi 046011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Volumetric response of the adult brain to seizures depends on the developmental stage when systemic inflammation was induced. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 78:280-287. [PMID: 29128467 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has detrimental influences on the developing brain including triggering the epileptogenesis. On the other hand, seizure episodes may induce inflammatory processes and further increase of brain excitability. The present study focuses on the problem whether transitory systemic inflammation during developmental period may have critical importance to functional and/or structural features of the adult brain. An inflammatory status was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 6- or 30-day-old rats. Two-month-old rats which experienced the inflammation and untreated controls received injections of pilocarpine, and the intensity of their seizure behavior was rated during a 6-hour period. Three days thereafter, the animals were perfused; their brains were postfixed and subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Then, volumes of the brain and of its main regions were assessed. LPS injections alone performed at different developmental stages led to different changes in the volume of adult brain and also to different susceptibility to seizures induced in adulthood. Moreover, the LPS pretreatments modified different volumetric responses of the brain and of its regions to seizures. The responses showed strong inverse correlations with the intensity of seizures but exclusively in rats treated with LPS on postnatal day 30. It could be concluded that generalized inflammation elicited at developmental stages may have strong age-dependent effects on the adult brain regarding not only its susceptibility to action of a seizuregenic agent but also its volumetric reactivity to seizures.
Collapse
|
27
|
Osman AS, Osman AH, Kamel MM. Study of the protective effect of ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning on hepatic ischemic reperfusion injury induced in rats. JGH OPEN 2017; 1:105-111. [PMID: 30483545 PMCID: PMC6206986 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury is the main cause of liver failure following liver surgery, so an effective method is needed to prevent or reduce this hepatic injury. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential effect of ischemic preconditioning versus pharmacological preconditioning with lisinopril or verapamil for protection against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury induced in rats. Methods Rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control untreated. Rats of group II were subjected to laparotomy without induction of ischemia reperfusion. Ischemia reperfusion by ligation of the portal trait for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 2 h, was performed in rats of groups III-VI. Ischemic preconditioning was performed for rats of group IV before induction of ischemia reperfusion. Lisinopril and verapamil was given daily for 3 days before induction of ischemia reperfusion in groups V and VI, respectively. Serum level of liver transaminases and liver malondialdehyde content were measured, and hepatic histopathological examination was assessed. Results Induction of ischemia reperfusion resulted in significant elevation of liver transaminases and liver malondialdehyde content associated with significant hepatic histopathological injury that were significantly improved by ischemic preconditioning, lisinopril, or verapamil treatment. Verapamil showed the most significant improvement compared with ischemic preconditioning or lisinopril treatment. Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning by lisinopril or verapamil can protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion probably through inhibition of oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration. The most potent protection is demonstrated by verapamil treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf S Osman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Osman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute Cairo University Giza Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumas M, Altintas O, Karatas E, Kocyigit A. Protective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Myocardium Against Remote Tissue Injury Following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Diabetic Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 109:516-526. [PMID: 29160389 PMCID: PMC5783432 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) could provide tissue-protective
effect at a remote site by anti-inflammatory, neuronal, and humoral
signaling pathways. Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective effects of
remote IPreC on myocardium after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
(MCAo) in streptozotocin- induced diabetic (STZ) and non-diabetic rats. Methods 48 male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: Sham, STZ, IPreC,
MCAo, IPreC+MCAo, STZ+IPreC, STZ+MCAo and STZ+IPreC+MCAo groups. We induced
transient MCAo seven days after STZ-induced diabetes, and performed IPreC 72
hours before transient MCAo. Remote myocardial injury was investigated
histopathologically. Bax, Bcl2 and caspase-3 protein levels were measured by
Western blot analysis. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status
(TOS) of myocardial tissue were measured by colorimetric assay. Oxidative
stress index(OSI) was calculated as TOS-to-TAS ratio. For all statistical
analysis, p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results We observed serious damage including necrosis, congestion and mononuclear
cell infiltration in myocardial tissue of the diabetic and ischemic groups.
In these groups TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher; TAS levels
were lower than those of IPreC related groups (p < 0.05). IPreC had
markedly improved histopathological alterations and increased TAS levels in
IPreC+MCAo and STZ+IPreC+MCAo compared to MCAo and STZ+MCAo groups (p <
0.05). In non-diabetic rats, MCAo activated apoptotic cell death via
increasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3 levels. IPreC reduced apoptotic cell
death by suppressing pro-apoptotic proteins. Diabetes markedly increased
apoptotic protein levels and the effect did not reversed by IPreC. Conclusions We could suggest that IPreC attenuates myocardial injury via ameliorating
histological findings, activating antioxidant mechanisms, and inducing
antiapoptotic activity in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kumas
- BezmiAlem Vakif University - Vocational School of Health Services - Medical Laboratory Techniques; - Turquia
| | - Ozge Altintas
- Kirklareli State Hospital, Neurology Clinic; - Turquia
| | - Ersin Karatas
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics;- Turquia
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Bezmialem Vakif University - Medical Faculty - Medical Biochemistry Department - Turquia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bonova P, Nemethova M, Matiasova M, Bona M, Gottlieb M. Blood cells serve as a source of factor-inducing rapid ischemic tolerance in brain. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2958-2965. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Soltesovej 4/6 Kosice SK-040 01 Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Nemethova
- Institute of Neurobiology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Soltesovej 4/6 Kosice SK-040 01 Slovakia
| | - Milina Matiasova
- Institute of Neurobiology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Soltesovej 4/6 Kosice SK-040 01 Slovakia
| | - Martin Bona
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Pavol Jozef Safarik University; Kosice Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Gottlieb
- Institute of Neurobiology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Soltesovej 4/6 Kosice SK-040 01 Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, Kang K, Wang S, Yao J, Zhang X. Focal cerebral ischemic tolerance and change in blood-brain barrier permeability after repetitive pure oxygen exposure preconditioning in a rodent model. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:943-952. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.7.jns142220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to demonstrate that repetitive pure oxygen exposure preconditioning (O2PC) for 8 hours per day for 3 or 7 days, a practicable preconditioning for clinical use, is able to induce cerebral ischemic tolerance (IT) and further clarify the accompanying changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that may be involved.
METHODS
A total of 68 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and eight 1-day-old rat pups were used in this study. The adult rats were exposed to pure O2 (38 rats) 8 hours a day for 3 or 7 days or to room air (in an identical setup) for 8 hours a day for 7 days as controls (30 rats). Arterial O2 tension (PaO2) was measured in 6 rats exposed to O2 and 3 controls. Focal cerebral ischemia was elicited by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in 37 rats, of which 21 had been exposed to pure O2 for 3 or 7 days and 16 to room air for 7 days as controls. Neurological behavior was scored with the Garcia score in 15 MCAO rats, of which 10 had been exposed to pure O2 for 3 or 7 days and 5 to room air for 7 days as controls, and cerebral infarct volumes were assessed with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining in 10 rats (5 from each group) after 7 days of exposure. Formamide-extraction method was used to detect leakage of Evans blue (EB) dye in 7 rats exposed to pure O2 for 7 days and 7 exposed to room air for 7 days. Fluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the leaked EB in the nonischemic areas of 4 rats exposed to pure O2 for 7 days and 4 exposed to room air for 7 days before MCAO and the brain of the rats that had not been subjected to MCAO. Astrocyte changes associated with O2PC were evaluated by means of fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy in 14 rats that were exposed to the same O2 or control conditions as the MCAO rats but without MCAO. Astrocytes were also obtained from 8 rat pups and cultured; levels of AQP4 and VEGF were detected by Western blot and ELISA in cells with and without O2 treatment.
RESULTS
A significant increase in PaO2 was seen after O2PC. The neurological score was significantly increased in the O2PC groups (10.6 ± 0.6 in the 3-day O2PC group, p < 0.05; 12 ± 0.84 in the 7-day O2PC group, p < 0.05) compared with the control group (7 ± 0.55). The ratio of cerebral infarct volume to contralateral cerebral hemisphere volume was significantly lower in the O2PC group than in the control group (0.204 ± 0.03 vs 0.48 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). The amount of leaked EB in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere was also lower in the O2-treated rats than in controls (7.53 ± 1.4 vs 11.79 ± 3.3 μg EB/g brain weight, p < 0.05). However, fluorescence microscopy showed significantly greater BBB permeability in the nonischemic areas in the O2PC group than in controls (p < 0.05). More red fluorescence could be observed in the nonischemic areas in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the ischemic brain in the O2PC animals than in the nonischemic areas in the corresponding sides of the controls. Further investigation of the effect of the O2PC itself on the BBB of rats that were not subjected to MCAO showed that there was no EB leakage in the brain parenchyma in the rats exposed to room air, but some red fluorescence patches were noticed in the normal brain from the rats in the O2PC group. Astrocytes, including those from areas around the BBB, were activated in the O2PC group. Levels of both aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly increased in cultured astrocytes after O2PC.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that O2PC is able to induce IT, which makes it a strong candidate for clinical use. Moreover, O2PC can also promote BBB opening, which may contribute to the induction of IT as well as representing a possible strategy for promoting drug transportation into the CNS. Activated astrocytes are likely to be involved in these processes through astrocyte-derived factors, such as AQP4 and VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- 1Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Kai Kang
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and
- 3Hospital of PLA 451, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Xijing Zhang
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and
- 4ICU Center, Xijing Hospital and Fourth Military Medical University; and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park SM, Park CW, Lee TK, Cho JH, Park JH, Lee JC, Chen BH, Shin BN, Ahn JH, Tae HJ, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Cho JH, Won MH, Choi SY, Kim IH. Effect of ischemic preconditioning on antioxidant status in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1081-9. [PMID: 27630689 PMCID: PMC4994448 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.187039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a condition of sublethal transient global ischemia and exhibits neuroprotective effects against subsequent lethal ischemic insult. We, in this study, examined the neuroprotective effects of IPC and its effects on immunoreactive changes of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia. Pyramidal neurons of the stratum pyramidale (SP) in the hippocampal CA1 region of animals died 5 days after lethal transient ischemia without IPC (8.6% (ratio of remanent neurons) of the sham-operated group); however, IPC prevented the pyramidal neurons from subsequent lethal ischemic injury (92.3% (ratio of remanent neurons) of the sham-operated group). SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPX immunoreactivities in the sham-operated animals were easily detected in pyramidal neurons in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region, while all of these immunoreactivities were rarely detected in the stratum pyramidale at 5 days after lethal transient ischemia without IPC. Meanwhile, their immunoreactivities in the sham-operated animals with IPC were similar to (SOD1, SOD2 and CAT) or higher (GPX) than those in the sham-operated animals without IPC. Furthermore, their immunoreactivities in the stratum pyramidale of the ischemia-operated animals with IPC were steadily maintained after lethal ischemia/reperfusion. Results of western blot analysis for SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPX were similar to immunohistochemical data. In conclusion, IPC maintained or increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region after subsequent lethal transient forebrain ischemia and IPC exhibited neuroprotective effects in the hippocampal CA1 region against transient forebrain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Altintas O, Ozgen Altintas M, Kumas M, Asil T. Neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via modulating the expression of cerebral miRNAs against transient cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. Neurol Res 2016; 38:1003-1011. [PMID: 27635859 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1232013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the Ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) on the expression profile of cerebral miRNAs against stroke by induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in diabetic rats. METHODS Eighty male Spraque Dawley rats were allocated to eight groups. In order to evaluate the expression profile of miRNAs, we induced transient MCAo seven days after STZ-induced diabetes (DM). Also we performed IPreC 72 h before transient MCAo to assess whether IPreC could have a neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS The general characteristics of STZ-treated rats included reduced body weight and elevated blood glucose levels compared to non-diabetic ones. We demonstrated that miRNA expression profiles, which are determined for biological functions such as aquaporin 4 formation (miR-29b-2, miR-124a-3p, miR-130a, miR-223 and miR-320a), glutamate toxicity (miR107, miR-145, miR-223), salvageable ischemic area (miR-9a, miR-19b, miR-29b-2, miR-341, miR-339-5p, miR-15-5p, miR-99b-5p), and neoangiogenesis (let-7f-5p, miR-126a and miR-322-3p), were regulated following IPreC. Ischemic preconditioning before cerebral ischemia significantly reduced infarction size compared with the other groups [IPreC + MCAo (27 ± 11 mm3) vs. MCAo (109 ± 15 mm3) p < 0.001; DM + IPreC + MCAo (38 ± 9 mm3) vs. DM + MCAo (165 ± 41 mm3) p < 0.001, respectively]. DISCUSSION The study results revealed the neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning, supported with the upregulated pro-survival miRNAs in MCA infarcts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Altintas
- a Neurology Clinic , Bor State Hospital , Nigde , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozgen Altintas
- b Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering , Fatih University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Meltem Kumas
- c Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques , BezmiAlem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Talip Asil
- d Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology , BezmiAlem Vakıf University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miao W, Bao TH, Han JH, Yin M, Zhang J, Yan Y, Zhu YH. Neuroprotection induced by post-conditioning following ischemia/reperfusion in mice is associated with altered microRNA expression. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2582-8. [PMID: 27485299 PMCID: PMC4991681 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning and ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) represent promising strategies to reduce ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and attenuate the lethal ischemic damage following stroke. However, the mechanism underlying this attenuation remains to be elucidated. It was hypothesized that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice following I/R is associated with the functional improvement induced by IPostC. Behavioral changes were assessed in a mouse model of I/R in the absence or presence of IPostC, followed by microarray analyses to investigate the expressional alterations of miRNAs in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. The results of the present study revealed that IPostC abrogated the neurological impairment and hippocampus-associated cognitive deficits induced by I/R, and upregulated or downregulated the expression levels of numerous miRNAs. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-19a, and the downregulation of miR-1, let-7f and miR-124 expression levels following IPostC was confirmed utilizing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of the present study demonstrated that alterations in miRNA expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice following I/R was associated with the neuroprotection induced by IPostC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Miao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Hao Bao
- Department of Geratology, Psychiatric Hospital of Yunnan Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Han
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
He X, Mo Y, Geng W, Shi Y, Zhuang X, Han K, Dai Q, Jin S, Wang J. Role of Wnt/β-catenin in the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia induced by electroacupuncture pretreatment. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
35
|
Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Perez-Pinzon MA. Long-term window of ischemic tolerance: An evolutionarily conserved form of metabolic plasticity regulated by epigenetic modifications? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:6-12. [PMID: 27796011 DOI: 10.29245/2572.942x/2016/2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of effective neuroprotective agents in the clinic, ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning are gaining increased interest in the field of cerebral ischemia. Our lab recently reported that resveratrol preconditioning affords tolerance against a focal cerebral ischemic insult in mice that can last for at least 14 days in vivo making it the longest window of ischemic tolerance discovered to date by a single administration of a pharmacological agent. The mechanism behind this novel extended window of ischemic tolerance remains elusive. In the below commentary we discuss potential mechanisms that could explain this novel extended window of ischemic tolerance in the context of previously identified windows and the known mechanisms behind them. We also draw parallels from the fields of hibernation and hypoxia-tolerance, which are chronic adaptations to severe conditions of hypoxia and ischemia known to be mediated by a form of metabolic depression. We also briefly discuss the importance of epigenetic modifications in maintaining this depressed state of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Altintas O, Kumas M, Altintas MO. Neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via modulating the expression of adropin and oxidative markers against transient cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. Peptides 2016; 79:31-8. [PMID: 27020247 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) can render the brain more tolerant to a subsequent potential lethal ischemic injury. Hyperglycemia has been shown to increase the size of ischemic stroke and worsen the clinical outcome following a stroke, thus exacerbating oxidative stress. Adropin has a significant association with cardiovascular disease, especially with diabetes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the IPreC due to modulating the expression of adropin and oxidative damage markers against stroke by induced transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL-METHOD 72 male Spraque Dawley rats were allocated to 8 groups. In order to evaluate alterations of anti/oxidative status and adropin level, we induced transient MCAo seven days after STZ-induced diabetes. Also we performed IPreC 72h before transient MCAo to assess whether IPreC could have a neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS The general characteristics of STZ-treated rats (STZ) included reduced body weight and elevated blood glucose levels compared to non-diabetic ones. Ischemic preconditioning before cerebral ischemia significantly reduced infarction size compared with the other groups [IPreC+MCAo (27±11mm(3)) vs. MCAo (109±17mm(3)) p<0.001; STZ+IPreC+MCAo (38±10mm(3)) vs. STZ+MCAo (165±45mm(3)) p<0.001, respectively]. The mean total antioxidant status level in IPreC groups was higher than other groups (p≤0.05). Moreover, IPreC considerably decreased mean adropin levels compared with other groups (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION The study results supported the neuroprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in MCA infarcts correlated with the level of oxidative damage markers and adropin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Altintas
- Bor State Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Istasyon Street, 51700 Bor, Nigde, Turkey.
| | - M Kumas
- BezmiAlem Vakif University, Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M O Altintas
- Fatih University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Buyukcekmece Campus, 34500 Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma A, Goyal R. Cross tolerance: a tread to decipher the code of endogenous global cerebral resistance. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:719-20. [PMID: 27335545 PMCID: PMC4904452 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
38
|
Mehrjerdi FZ, Aboutaleb N, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Soleimani M, Ajami M, Khaksari M, Safari F, Habibey R. The Protective Effect of Remote Renal Preconditioning Against Hippocampal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Role of KATP Channels. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:554-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
39
|
Thushara Vijayakumar N, Sangwan A, Sharma B, Majid A, Rajanikant GK. Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning: the Road So Far…. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2579-93. [PMID: 26081149 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral preconditioning constitutes the brain's adaptation to lethal ischemia when first exposed to mild doses of a subtoxic stressor. The phenomenon of preconditioning has been largely studied in the heart, and data from in vivo and in vitro models from past 2-3 decades have provided sufficient evidence that similar machinery exists in the brain as well. Since preconditioning results in a transient protective phenotype labeled as ischemic tolerance, it can open many doors in the medical warfare against stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular disorder that kills or cripples thousands of people worldwide every year. Preconditioning can be induced by a variety of stimuli from hypoxia to pharmacological anesthetics, and each, in turn, induces tolerance by activating a multitude of proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and other biomolecules eventually leading to genomic reprogramming. The intracellular signaling pathways and molecular cascades behind preconditioning are extensively being investigated, and several first-rate papers have come out in the last few years centered on the topic of cerebral ischemic tolerance. However, translating the experimental knowledge into the clinical scaffold still evades practicality and faces several challenges. Of the various preconditioning strategies, remote ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning appears to be more clinically relevant for the management of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss current developments in the field of cerebral preconditioning and then examine the potential of various preconditioning agents to confer neuroprotection in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Thushara Vijayakumar
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Amit Sangwan
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Arshad Majid
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bonova P, Danielisova V, Nemethova M, Matiasova M, Bona M, Gottlieb M. Scheme of Ischaemia-triggered Agents during Brain Infarct Evolution in a Rat Model of Permanent Focal Ischaemia. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:73-82. [PMID: 25972121 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of therapeutic intervention in stroke depends on its appropriate timing during infarct evolution. We have studied markers of brain tissue damage initiated by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) at three time points during which the infarct spread (1, 3 and 6 h). Based on Evans Blue extravasation and immunohistochemical detection of neurons, we confirmed continuous disruption of blood-brain barrier and loss of neurons in the ischaemic hemisphere that peaked at the sixth hour, especially in the core. Glutamate content started to rise dramatically in the entire hemisphere during the first 3 h; the highest level was determined in the core 6 h after MCAO (141 % increase). Moreover, the enzyme antioxidant defence grew by about 42 % since the first hour in the ipsilateral penumbra. Enzymes of the apoptotic pathway as well as mitochondrial enzyme release were detected since the third hour of MCAO in the ischaemic hemisphere; all achieved their maxima in the penumbra during both time periods (except cytochrome C). In conclusion, the preserved integrity of mitochondrial membrane and incompletely developed process of apoptosis may contribute to the better therapeutic outcome after ischaemic attack; however, a whole brain response should not be omitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saad M, Abdelsalam R, Kenawy S, Attia A. Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning alleviates hippocampal tissue damage through abrogation of apoptosis modulated by oxidative stress and inflammation during transient global cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 232:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
42
|
Wang Y, Reis C, Applegate R, Stier G, Martin R, Zhang JH. Ischemic conditioning-induced endogenous brain protection: Applications pre-, per- or post-stroke. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:26-40. [PMID: 25900056 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the area of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, a plethora of experimental and clinical evidence strongly indicates the promise of therapeutically exploiting the endogenous adaptive system at various levels like triggers, mediators and the end-effectors to stimulate and mobilize intrinsic protective capacities against brain injuries. It is believed that ischemic pre-conditioning and post-conditioning are actually the strongest known interventions to stimulate the innate neuroprotective mechanism to prevent or reverse neurodegenerative diseases including stroke and traumatic brain injury. Recently, studies showed the effectiveness of ischemic per-conditioning in some organs. Therefore the term ischemic conditioning, including all interventions applied pre-, per- and post-ischemia, which spans therapeutic windows in 3 time periods, has recently been broadly accepted by scientific communities. In addition, it is extensively acknowledged that ischemia-mediated protection not only affects the neurons but also all the components of the neurovascular network (consisting of neurons, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and venule/veins). The concept of cerebroprotection has been widely used in place of neuroprotection. Intensive studies on the cellular signaling pathways involved in ischemic conditioning have improved the mechanistic understanding of tolerance to cerebral ischemia. This has added impetus to exploration for potential pharmacologic mimetics, which could possibly induce and maximize inherent protective capacities. However, most of these studies were performed in rodents, and the efficacy of these mimetics remains to be evaluated in human patients. Several classical signaling pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, or oxidation have been elaborated in the past decades. Newly characterized mechanisms are emerging with the advances in biotechnology and conceptual renewal. In this review we are going to focus on those recently reported methodological and mechanistic discoveries in the realm of ischemic conditioning. Due to the varied time differences of ischemic conditioning in different animal models and clinical trials, it is important to define optimal timing to achieve the best conditioning induced neuroprotection. This brings not only an opportunity in the treatment of stroke, but challenges as well, as data is just becoming available and the procedures are not yet optimized. The purpose of this review is to shed light on exploiting these ischemic conditioning modalities to protect the cerebrovascular system against diverse injuries and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Physiology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Applegate
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary Stier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Robert Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Involvement of GluR2 up-regulation in neuroprotection by electroacupuncture pretreatment via cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9490. [PMID: 25830356 PMCID: PMC4381620 DOI: 10.1038/srep09490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) is involved in EA pretreatment-induced neuroprotection via cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) after global cerebral ischemia in mice. Two hours after electric acupuncture (EA) pretreatment, global cerebral ischemia (GCI) was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 20 min. The GluR2 expression was examined in the hippocampus after reperfusion. Cell survival, neuronal apoptosis, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and neurological scores were evaluated at 24 h after BCCAO in the presence or absence of the GluR2 inhibitor. Furthermore, the GluR2 was determined in the presence and absence of CB1R inhibitor. Our results showed EA pretreatment enhanced expression of GluR2 in the hippocampus 2 h after reperfusion. Moreover, EA pretreatment improved neurological outcome, promoted cell survival, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after reperfusion. GluR2 knockdown by GluR2 siRNA effectively reversed the beneficial effects of EA pretreatment. Furthermore, CB1R siRNA and two CB1R antagonists blocked the elevation of GluR2 expression by EA pretreatment, whereas the two CB1R agonists up-regulated GluR2 expression as EA pretreatment. In conclusion, GluR2 up-regulation is involved in neuroprotection of EA pretreatment against GCI through CB1R, suggesting that GluR2 may be a novel target for stroke intervention.
Collapse
|
44
|
Neuroprotection for ischaemic stroke: Current status and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 146:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
45
|
Simard JM, Sheth KN, Kimberly WT, Stern BJ, del Zoppo GJ, Jacobson S, Gerzanich V. Glibenclamide in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Neurocrit Care 2014; 20:319-33. [PMID: 24132564 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-013-9923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-transient receptor potential 4 (Trpm4) channel is an important molecular element in focal cerebral ischemia. The channel is upregulated in all cells of the neurovascular unit following ischemia, and is linked to microvascular dysfunction that manifests as edema formation and secondary hemorrhage, which cause brain swelling. Activation of the channel is a major molecular mechanism of cytotoxic edema and "accidental necrotic cell death." Blockade of Sur1 using glibenclamide has been studied in different types of rat models of stroke: (i) in conventional non-lethal models (thromboembolic, 1-2 h temporary, or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion), glibenclamide reduces brain swelling and infarct volume and improves neurological function; (ii) in lethal models of malignant cerebral edema, glibenclamide reduces edema, brain swelling, and mortality; (iii) in models with rtPA, glibenclamide reduces swelling, hemorrhagic transformation, and death. Retrospective studies of diabetic patients who present with stroke have shown that those whose diabetes is managed with a sulfonylurea drug and who are maintained on the sulfonylurea drug during hospitalization for stroke have better outcomes at discharge and are less likely to suffer hemorrhagic transformation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the basic science, preclinical experiments, and retrospective clinical studies on glibenclamide in focal cerebral ischemia and stroke. We also compare the preclinical work in stroke models to the updated recommendations of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR). The findings reviewed here provide a strong foundation for a translational research program to study glibenclamide in patients with ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ding Y, Zhang K, Liu S, Zhang Q, Ma C, Bruce IC, Zhang X. Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the expression of excitatory amino-acid transporter 2 in astrocytes: Optimal concentration and incubation time. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1909-1913. [PMID: 25371754 PMCID: PMC4217772 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α regulates the expression levels of excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) in primary astrocytes and its roles in brain ischemia. Exogenous TNF-α was administered to pure cultured astrocytes and the expression levels of EAAT1, EAAT2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were evaluated. The results showed that TNF-α at 10 ng/ml enhanced the expression of EAAT2 in a time-dependent manner, while the expression levels of EAAT1 and GFAP did not change. To determine whether the elevation in the levels of the EAAT2 protein induced by TNF-α had a beneficial effect on ischemic insult, TNF-α was applied to in vitro models of cerebral ischemia; the treatment was observed to increase neuronal viability. The present results suggest that a relatively short-term application of an optimal concentration of TNF-α may protect neurons against ischemic injury by elevating the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Ding
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China ; Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Kena Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Iain C Bruce
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stetler RA, Leak RK, Gan Y, Li P, Zhang F, Hu X, Jing Z, Chen J, Zigmond MJ, Gao Y. Preconditioning provides neuroprotection in models of CNS disease: paradigms and clinical significance. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 114:58-83. [PMID: 24389580 PMCID: PMC3937258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which brief episodes of a sublethal insult induce robust protection against subsequent lethal injuries. Preconditioning has been observed in multiple organisms and can occur in the brain as well as other tissues. Extensive animal studies suggest that the brain can be preconditioned to resist acute injuries, such as ischemic stroke, neonatal hypoxia/ischemia, surgical brain injury, trauma, and agents that are used in models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Effective preconditioning stimuli are numerous and diverse, ranging from transient ischemia, hypoxia, hyperbaric oxygen, hypothermia and hyperthermia, to exposure to neurotoxins and pharmacological agents. The phenomenon of "cross-tolerance," in which a sublethal stress protects against a different type of injury, suggests that different preconditioning stimuli may confer protection against a wide range of injuries. Research conducted over the past few decades indicates that brain preconditioning is complex, involving multiple effectors such as metabolic inhibition, activation of extra- and intracellular defense mechanisms, a shift in the neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance, and reduction in inflammatory sequelae. An improved understanding of brain preconditioning should help us identify innovative therapeutic strategies that prevent or at least reduce neuronal damage in susceptible patients. In this review, we focus on the experimental evidence of preconditioning in the brain and systematically survey the models used to develop paradigms for neuroprotection, and then discuss the clinical potential of brain preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Anne Stetler
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zheng Jing
- Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael J Zigmond
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology and Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nunes RR, Duval Neto GF, Garcia de Alencar JC, Franco SB, de Andrade NQ, Holanda Dumaresq DM, Cavalcante SL. Anesthetics, cerebral protection and preconditioning. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2014; 63:119-28. [PMID: 23438807 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(13)70204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Several studies demonstrate that cerebral preconditioning is a protective mechanism against a stressful situation. Preconditioning determinants are described, as well as the neuroprotection provided by anesthetic and non-anesthetics agents. CONTENT Review based on the main articles addressing the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion and neuronal injury and pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors (inflammation, glycemia, and temperature) related to the change in response to ischemia-reperfusion, in addition to neuroprotection induced by anesthetic use. CONCLUSIONS The brain has the ability to protect itself against ischemia when stimulated. The elucidation of this mechanism enables the application of preconditioning inducing substances (some anesthetics), other drugs, and non-pharmacological measures, such as hypothermia, aimed at inducing tolerance to ischemic lesions.
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhao JH, Meng XL, Zhang J, Li YL, Li YJ, Fan ZM. Oxygen glucose deprivation post-conditioning protects cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury: role of HSP70 and inhibition of apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:18-22. [PMID: 24496673 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) post-conditioning (PostC) on neural cell apoptosis in OGD-PostC model and the protective effect on primary cortical neurons against OGD injury in vitro. Four-h OGD was induced by OGD by using a specialized and humidified chamber. To initiate OGD, culture medium was replaced with de-oxygenated and glucose-free extracellular solution-Locke's medium. After OGD treatment for 4 h, cells were then allowed to recover for 6 h or 20 h. Then lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to detect cell death, protein levels and apoptotic cells, respectively. For the PostC treatment, three cycles of 15-min OGD, followed by 15 min normal cultivation, were applied immediately after injurious 4-h OGD. Cells were then allowed to recover for 6 h or 20 h, and cell death was assessed by LDH release assay. Apoptotic cells were flow cytometrically evaluated after 4-h OGD, followed by re-oxygenation for 20 h (O4/R20). In addition, Western blotting was used to examine the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), Bcl-2 and Bax. The ratio of Bcl-2 expression was (0.44±0.08)% and (0.76±0.10)%, and that of Bax expression was (0.51±0.05)% and (0.39±0.04)%, and that of HSP70 was (0.42±0.031)% and (0.72±0.045)% respectively in OGD group and PostC group. After O4/R6, the rate of neuron death in PostC group and OGD groups was (28.96±3.03)% and (37.02±4.47)%, respectively. Therefore, the PostC treatment could up-regulate the expression of HSP70 and Bcl-2, but down-regulate Bax expression. As compared with OGD group, OGD-induced neuron death and apoptosis were significantly decreased in PostC group (P<0.05). These findings suggest that PostC inhibited OGD-induced neuron death. This neuro-protective effect is likely achieved by anti-apoptotic mechanisms and is associated with over-expression of HSP70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yong-Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yue-Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bradykinin preconditioning affects the number of degenerated neurons and the level of antioxidant enzymes in spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:252-7. [PMID: 23981244 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin preconditioning has been used for acquisition of tolerance after spinal cord ischemia. Rabbits were preconditioned intraperitoneally with bradykinin 48 h prior to 20 min of abdominal aorta ligation followed by 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. The activities of SOD and catalase were measured and Fluoro Jade B (FJB)-positive degenerated neurons were evaluated. The outcomes of Tarlov scoring system used to assess neurological functions showed significant improvement in bradykinin groups compared to the ischemic group. The number of FJB-positive degenerated neurons was decreased in ventral horns of both bradykinin groups. Significantly decreased activities of total SOD and mitochondrial Mn-SOD were also detected in both bradykinin groups versus ischemic group while CuZn-SOD and catalase activities were significantly decreased only in the bradykinin group after 24h of reperfusion versus ischemic group. These findings suggest that one of the possibilities of the neuroprotective effect of delayed bradykinin preconditioning against spinal cord ischemic injury could be realized by mitochondrial protection and decreased synthesis of Mn-SOD as well as by promotion of neuronal survival.
Collapse
|