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Almohaid S, Akhtar S. Diet, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a middle eastern country: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:694. [PMID: 38844890 PMCID: PMC11157712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be classified as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There is scarcity of the published data on the risk factors for HCC in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries specifically Kuwait. Therefore, this case-control study sought to examine the risk factors associated with HCC in Kuwait. METHODS Fifty-three histopathologically confirmed HCC cases were recruited from the Kuwait Cancer Control Center Registry. One hundred ninety-six controls (1:4 ratio) were selected from medical and/ or surgical outpatient's clinics at all six public hospitals of Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data both from cases and controls through face-to-face interviews. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to the case-control data. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the parameters' estimates of the final model and used for interpretation of the model. RESULTS The HCC cases compared with the controls were 41.6 times more likely to have had the history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (ORadj = 41.6; 95% CI: 8.9-193.5; p < 0.001). The cases compared with the controls were more likely to have reported the history of heavy alcohol drinking (ORadj = 14.2; 95% CI: 1.2-173.4; p = 0.038). Furthermore, compared with the controls, the HCC cases tended to frequently consume milk and/or milk substitutes (≥ 3 glass/ week) (ORadj = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.2-43.4). Conversely however, there was a significant protective effect if the participants reportedly have had regularly used olive oil in their routine diet as a source of fat (ORadj = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04-0.80) or regularly used non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ORadj = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.71). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that heavy alcohol consumption, NAFLD history, and excessive consumption of milk/ milk substitutes were associated with a significantly increased HCC risk. Conversely however, regular use of olive oil in the diet as a source of fat or regular use of NSAIDs had a significantly protective effect against HCC risk. Adapting healthy dietary habits and preventing/ treating NAFLD may minimize the HCC risk. Future research with a larger sample size may contemplate validating the results of this study and unraveling additional risk factors contributing to HCC risk. The resultant data may help design and implement evidence-based educational programs for the prevention of HCC in this and other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Almohaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
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2
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Khessairi N, Mallek I, Laabidi T, Lahmar A, Bacha D, Slama SB. Synchronous presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Report of an exceptional case with review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 114:109140. [PMID: 38113560 PMCID: PMC10767223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE The occurrence of distinct synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is extremely rare. Less than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. The aim of our study was to describe the clinicopathological features of this association. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis C cirrhosis presented with three hepatic nodules affecting segments IV, VIII and V during follow-up of her disease. Only the V-segment nodule was radiologically suspicious of malignancy (classified as LI-RADS5). These nodules were resected after discussion of the case in a multidisciplinary meeting. Histological examination showed that the nodules in segments VIII and V corresponded respectively to an HCC with immunohistochemistry showing HepPar1 (+), CK7(-) and CK19(-), and to an intrahepatic CC with immunohistochemistry showing HepPar1 (-), CK7(+) and CK19(+). The excision was radical. The post-operative course was uncomplicated. After a 6-month follow-up, the patient did not develop any locoregional recurrence or metastases. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Synchronous association of HCC and CC is very uncommon, and diagnosis is based on pathological and immunohistochemical examination. Infection with the HCV represents a major risk factor for simultaneous association. Synchronous presentation in HCV-infected individuals has been associated with a poorer prognosis compared with cases where only a single type of liver cancer is present. CONCLUSION The prognosis of this association is generally poor, notably due to the aggressive behavior of CC. Surgical resection remains the first-line treatment option, when possible, but comprehensive management of these complex cases requires a multidisciplinary approach tailored to each patient's specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayssem Khessairi
- Department of Pathology, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia.
| | - Inès Mallek
- Department of Pathology, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia
| | - Taher Laabidi
- Department of Surgery, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Lahmar
- Department of Pathology, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Bacha
- Department of Pathology, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ben Slama
- Department of Pathology, M. Slim University Hospital Center, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
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3
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Catalano T, Selvaggi F, Esposito DL, Cotellese R, Aceto GM. Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1632. [PMID: 37512809 PMCID: PMC10386003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well as repeated and extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary liver cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various infectious agents in the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal liver cell functions by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, and D are involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Salmonella Typhi, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the fungus Aspergillus flavus, and liver flukes such as Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, may induce malignant transformation in hepatocytes or in target cells of the biliary tract through aberrant Wnt signaling activation. This review focuses on new insights into infectious agents implicated in the deregulation of Wnt signaling and PLC development. Since the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a driver of cancer following viral and bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting the complex axis of Wnt signaling could represent novel therapeutic approaches in PLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, ASL2 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diana Liberata Esposito
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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4
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Chen F, Wu Y, Xu H, Song T, Yan S. Impact of marital status on overall survival in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19923. [PMID: 36402820 PMCID: PMC9675859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to assess the prognostic impact of marital status in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with tumors ≤ 2 cm (stage Ia) based on the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients who received a histopathologic HCC diagnosis between 2004 and 2016 were recruited. Overall survival (OS) was the major outcome measure. The Cox regression model and the Fine-Gray regression model were used for the purpose of comparing and examining the prognostic value of marital status for OS. The data for a total of 2446 stage Ia HCC patients were extracted from the database. The median overall survival time was 96.0 months, with 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates of 58.2% and 45.8%, respectively. In both the Fine-Gray regression model and Cox regression model, marital status [married vs. unmarried and others, both P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.389 for Cox and HR = 1.378 for Fine-Gray], age at diagnosis, tumor grade, and surgery at the primary site independently served as prognostic indicators associated with OS. In conclusion, positive marital status was independently associated with better OS for stage Ia HCC patients, and its prognostic influence should be validated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Chen
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong’en Xu
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- grid.452661.20000 0004 1803 6319Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Pallerla SR, Hoan NX, Rachakonda S, Meyer CG, Van Tong H, Toan NL, Linh LTK, Giang DP, Kremsner PG, Bang MH, Song LH, Velavan TP. Custom gene expression panel for evaluation of potential molecular markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:235. [PMID: 36345011 PMCID: PMC9641913 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, which highlights the need for reliable biomarkers. This study aims to explore molecular markers that allow stratification of HCC and may lead to better prognosis and treatment prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 20 candidate genes (HCC hub genes, potential drug target genes, predominant somatic mutant genes) retrieved from literature and public databases with potential to be used as the molecular markers. We analysed expression of the genes by RT-qPCR in 30 HCC tumour and adjacent non-tumour paired samples from Vietnamese patients. Fold changes in expression were then determined using the 2-∆∆CT method, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was generated using Cluster v3.0 software. RESULTS Clustering of expression data revealed two subtypes of tumours (proliferative and normal-like) and four clusters for genes. The expression profiles of the genes TOP2A, CDK1, BIRC5, GPC3, IGF2, and AFP were strongly correlated. Proliferative tumours were characterized by high expression of the c-MET, ARID1A, CTNNB1, RAF1, LGR5, and GLUL1 genes. TOP2A, CDK1, and BIRC5 HCC hub genes were highly expressed (> twofold) in 90% (27/30), 83% (25/30), and 83% (24/30) in the tissue samples, respectively. Among the drug target genes, high expression was observed in the GPC3, IGF2 and c-MET genes in 77% (23/30), 63% (19/30), and 37% (11/30), respectively. The somatic mutant Wnt/ß-catenin genes (CTNNB1, GLUL and LGR5) and TERT were highly expressed in 40% and 33% of HCCs, respectively. Among the HCC marker genes, a higher percentage of tumours showed GPC3 expression compared to AFP expression [73% (23/30) vs. 43% (13/30)]. CONCLUSION The custom panel and molecular markers from this study may be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker-guided clinical trial design, and prediction of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Reddy Pallerla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le Thi Kieu Linh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Phuong Giang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Mai Hong Bang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Gastroenterology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
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6
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Bao X, Li Q, Chen J, Chen D, Ye C, Dai X, Wang Y, Li X, Rong X, Cheng F, Jiang M, Zhu Z, Ding Y, Sun R, Liu C, Huang L, Jin Y, Li B, Lu J, Wu W, Guo Y, Fu W, Langley SR, Tano V, Fang W, Guo T, Sheng J, Zhao P, Ruan J. Molecular Subgroups of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Discovered by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing-Assisted Multi-Omics Analysis. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:811-828. [PMID: 35604302 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a relatively rare but highly aggressive tumor type that responds poorly to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Comprehensive molecular characterization of ICC is essential for the development of novel therapeutics. Here, we constructed two independent cohorts from two clinic centers. A comprehensive multi-omics analysis of ICC via proteomic, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed. Novel ICC tumor subtypes were derived in the training cohort (n=110) using proteomic signatures and their associated activated pathways, which was further validated in a validation cohort (n=41). Three molecular subtypes, chromatin remodeling, metabolism, and chronic inflammation, with distinct prognoses in ICC were identified. The chronic inflammation subtype associated with a poor prognosis. Our random forest algorithm revealed that mutation of lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) frequently occurred in the metabolism subtype and associated with lower inflammatory activity. scRNA-seq further identified an APOE+C1QB+ macrophage subtype, which showed the capacity to reshape the chronic inflammation subtype and contribute to a poor prognosis in ICC. Altogether, with single-cell transcriptome-assisted multi-omics analysis, we identified novel molecular subtypes of ICC and validated APOE+C1QB+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as potential immunotherapy targets against ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Bao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Hepatology Unit and Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Med, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanqi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 1, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- 5Department Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China , GuangZhou, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, boston, United States
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China., China
| | - Rui Sun
- Westlake University, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lingling Huang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzhi Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | | | - Vincent Tano
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weijia Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jianpeng Sheng
- First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hang Zhou, China
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7
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Mahmoud K, Swidan S, El-Nabarawi M, Teaima M. Lipid based nanoparticles as a novel treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review on targeting and recent advances. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35248080 PMCID: PMC8898455 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is considered one of the deadliest diseases with one of the highest disease burdens worldwide. Among the different types of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma is considered to be the most common type. Multiple conventional approaches are being used in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Focusing on drug treatment, regular agents in conventional forms fail to achieve the intended clinical outcomes. In order to improve the treatment outcomes, utilizing nanoparticles-specifically lipid based nanoparticles-are considered to be one of the most promising approaches being set in motion. Multiple forms of lipid based nanoparticles exist including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, phytosomes, lipid coated nanoparticles, and nanoassemblies. Multiple approaches are used to enhance the tumor uptake as well tumor specificity such as intratumoral injection, passive targeting, active targeting, and stimuli responsive nanoparticles. In this review, the effect of utilizing lipidic nanoparticles is being discussed as well as the different tumor uptake enhancement techniques used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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8
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Desjonqueres E, Campani C, Marra F, Zucman-Rossi J, Nault JC. Preneoplastic lesions in the liver: Molecular insights and relevance for clinical practice. Liver Int 2022; 42:492-506. [PMID: 34982503 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the most frequent primary liver cancers, accounting for approximately 80% and 15%, respectively. HCC carcinogenesis occurs mostly in cirrhosis and is a complex multi-step process, from precancerous lesions (low-grade and high-grade dysplastic nodules) to progressed HCC. During the different stages of liver carcinogenesis, there is an accumulation of pathological, genetic and epigenetic changes leading to initiation, malignant transformation and finally tumour progression. In contrast, a small subset of HCC occurs in normal liver from the transformation of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), a benign hepatocellular tumour. The recent molecular classification enables to stratify HCAs according to their risk of complication, in particular malignant transformation, associated with mutations in exon 3 of the catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) derives from the multistep malignant transformation of preneoplastic lesions, like biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), for which a pre-operative diagnosis remains difficult. Different genetic alterations are involved in BilIN and IPNB progression, leading to the development of tubular or intestinal adenocarcinoma. The aims of this review are to describe the main clinical and molecular features of preneoplastic lesions leading to the development of HCC and CCA, their implications in clinical practice and the perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Desjonqueres
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Campani
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, team « Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors », Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
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9
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Chicco D, Oneto L. Computational intelligence identifies alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hemoglobin levels as most predictive survival factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Health Informatics J 2021; 27:1460458220984205. [PMID: 33504243 DOI: 10.1177/1460458220984205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer kills approximately 800 thousand people annually worldwide, and its most common subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which usually affects people with cirrhosis. Predicting survival of patients with HCC remains an important challenge, especially because technologies needed for this scope are not available in all hospitals. In this context, machine learning applied to medical records can be a fast, low-cost tool to predict survival and detect the most predictive features from health records. In this study, we analyzed medical data of 165 patients with HCC: we employed computational intelligence to predict their survival, and to detect the most relevant clinical factors able to discriminate survived from deceased cases. Afterwards, we compared our data mining results with those obtained through statistical tests and scientific literature findings. Our analysis revealed that blood levels of alkaline-phosphatase (ALP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and hemoglobin are the most effective prognostic factors in this dataset. We found literature supporting association of these three factors with hepatoma, even though only AFP has been used in a prognostic index. Our results suggest that ALP and hemoglobin can be candidates for future HCC prognostic indexes, and that physicians could focus on ALP, AFP, and hemoglobin when studying HCC records.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Oneto
- Università di Genova, Italy; ZenaByte Srl
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10
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Persistent status of metabolic syndrome and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: A Korean nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2021; 155:97-105. [PMID: 34371446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown whether persistent metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Therefore, we investigated the risk of CCA according to changes in MetS status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This nationwide cohort study included 8,581,407 adults who underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests in two consecutive national health screenings during 2009-2012 and observed the subjects until 2017. Individuals with cancer, or follow-up duration <1 year were excluded (n = 377,915). Subjects were classified into the MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-improved, and MetS-persistent groups. The outcome was the incidence of CCA, identified using the claims database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. RESULTS Among the 8,203,492 subjects (mean age 48.9 ± 12.8 years; 56.7% male), 7506 CCA patients were newly identified during a median follow-up of 5.1 years. The probability of CCA was consistently higher in the MetS-persistent group than in the MetS-free group (P < 0.001). MetS-persistent status was significantly associated with an increased risk of CCA compared with the MetS-free status (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.66-2.95), even after adjusting for multiple covariates (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13). Improved or newly developed MetS was not associated with CCA risk in the fully adjusted model (aHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.10 and aHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92-1.06, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with an increased risk of CCA if it persisted for ≥2 years. Our finding suggests that MetS may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for CCA.
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11
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Borziak K, Finkelstein J. Identification of Liver Cancer Stem Cell Stemness Markers Using a Comparative Analysis of Public Data Sets. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 14:9-17. [PMID: 34168465 PMCID: PMC8216768 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s307043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Comparative reanalysis of single-cell transcriptomics data to gain useful novel insights into cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a rare subset of cells within tumors, characterized by their capability to self-renew and differentiate, and their role in tumorigenicity. Patients and Methods This project utilized publically available liver single-cell RNA-seq datasets of liver cancer and liver progenitor cell types to demonstrate how shared large amounts of data can generate new and valuable information. The data were analyzed using EdgeR differential expression analysis, with focus on a set of 34 known stemness markers. Results We showed that the expression of stemness markers SOX9, KRT19, KRT7, and CD24, and Yamanaka factors Oct4 and SOX2 in CSCs was significantly elevated relative to progenitor cell types, potentially explaining their increased differentiation and replication potential. Conclusion These results help to further document the complementary expression changes that give CSCs their distinct phenotypic profile. Our findings have potential significance to advance our knowledge of the important genes relevant to CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Borziak
- Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph Finkelstein
- Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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12
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Saadat M, Mostafaei F, Mahdinloo S, Abdi M, Zahednezhad F, Zakeri-Milani P, Valizadeh H. Drug delivery of pH-Sensitive nanoparticles into the liver cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Ricciotti E, Wangensteen KJ, FitzGerald GA. Aspirin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3751-3761. [PMID: 33893087 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for aspirin as a preventative agent for cancer. Compelling direct evidence supports a chemopreventive effect of aspirin in individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer due to Lynch syndrome, while indirect evidence indicates that aspirin may reduce the risk of and mortality from sporadic colorectal cancer. There is weaker evidence for a protective effect of aspirin against all cancers taken as a group. Nevertheless, the results of recent retrospective cohort studies consistently indicate a beneficial effect of aspirin as a chemopreventive or adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epidemiologic studies conducted in the general population or in selected populations at higher risk for HCC reveal that regular aspirin use is associated with reduced HCC incidence. In addition, aspirin may act as an adjuvant to other therapies in reducing HCC recurrence. According to studies in animal models, the cancer-preventative effect of aspirin may be related to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether aspirin should be recommended to diverse populations of patients at risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk J Wangensteen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Huang C, Xu X, Wang M, Xiao X, Cheng C, Ji J, Fang M, Gao C. Serum N-glycan fingerprint helps to discriminate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1187-1195. [PMID: 33570803 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are two main types of primary liver cancer, and reliable discrimination is important for optimal treatment. Aberrant glycosylation was detected in HCC and ICC. Both cross-sectional and follow-up studies were performed to establish a differential diagnosis model using N-glycans. A total of 420 participants were enrolled, with 310 patients in training cohort and 110 patients in validation cohort. The follow-up cohort was used to assess the prognosis of ICC. As the results, the diagnostic efficacy of the model was superior to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) when identifying ICC from HCC (AUC of the nomogram: 0.845, 95%CI: 0.788-0.902; AFP: 0.793, 95%CI: 0.732-0.854; CEA: 0.592, 95%CI: 0.496-0.687; CA 19-9: 0.674, 95%CI: 0.582-0.767) in training cohort. In validation cohort, this model (AUC: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.728-0.891) also demonstrated high efficacy in distinguishing ICC from HCC. Furthermore, the nomogram helps to stratify ICC into two subgroups with high or low risk of survival and recurrence. Therefore, a nomogram integrating six N-glycans [NGA2FB(Peak2), NG1A2F (Peak3), NA2 (Peak5), NA2F (Peak6), NA3 (Peak8) and NA4 (Peak11)] was established for ICC and HCC differentiation, and for prognosis assessment in ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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15
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Ly HT, Truong TM, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen HD, Zhao Y, Le VM. Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of the aerial parts extract of Xanthium strumarium L. on HepG2 cancer cell line. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the most considerable concerns because of increasing the death rate all over the world. Recent studies have disclosed that plant extracts exhibit anticancer activity through various mechanisms. Xanthium strumarium has been used by Vietnamese in herbal medicines to support the medication of infirmities. This study is to consider the secondary metabolites, antioxidant and anticancer capacities of extract from the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of X. strumarium (AP-XS).
Methods
AP-XS was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals via qualitative chemical tests and determined total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) quenching assay and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were selected to investigate antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity, respectively. Besides, acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) dual staining was applied to evaluate the ability to induce apoptosis on HepG2 cancer cells.
Results
Results of present study indicated that AP-XS contains the main phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Ethanol extract had highest content of polyphenol (84.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), and exhibited the great total antioxidant property (IC50 = 184.13 μg/mL) and anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 81.69 μg/mL). Furthermore, the characteristics of apoptosis including shrinkage of the cell and apoptotic bodies were found following 60 h of AP-XS extract treatment through AO-EB dual staining.
Conclusion
The data suggest that AP-XS extract had antioxidant potential and anti-proliferative effect. The anti-proliferative property was considered to have an association with a rising of apoptosis. These results were reliable for further research on X. strumarium as a source of phytochemicals with anticancer activity potential for cancer therapeutics.
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Kusnik A, Hunter N, Rasbach E, Miethke T, Reissfelder C, Ebert MP, Teufel A. Co-Medication and Nutrition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potentially Preventative Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 39:526-533. [PMID: 33429390 DOI: 10.1159/000514277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with about 841,000 new cases and 782,000 deaths annually. Given the clearly defined population at risk, mostly patients with liver cirrhosis, prevention of HCC could be highly effective. SUMMARY Besides regular ultrasound surveillance, numerous publications have suggested protective effects of diverse drugs and nutrients. However, none of those preventive options has made it into clinical routine or practice guidelines. We therefore summarize the current status of preventive effects of drugs such as statins, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and metformin, but also dietary aspects and nutrients such as coffee, tea, and vitamin D supplementation. A successful implementation of some of these strategies may potentially lead to improved prevention of HCC development in patients with liver cirrhosis. Key Messages: Accumulating data suggest that particularly ASA, antidiabetic therapies, and statins may substantially decrease HCC incidence in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kusnik
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Hunter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erik Rasbach
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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A Potential Role for Mitochondrial DNA in the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020. [PMID: 32393967 PMCID: PMC7683147 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5835910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that are essential for cellular homeostasis including energy harvesting through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in liver diseases as it produces a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in turn leading to further oxidative damage to the structure and function of mitochondria and other cellular components. More severe oxidative damage occurred in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than in nuclear DNA. mtDNA dysfunction results in further oxidative damage as it participates in encoding respiratory chain polypeptides. In addition, mtDNA can leave the mitochondria and enter the cytoplasm and extracellular environment. mtDNA is derived from ancient bacteria, contains many unmethylated CpG dinucleotide repeats similar to bacterial DNA, and thus can induce inflammation to exacerbate damage to liver cells and distal organs by activating toll-like receptor 9, inflammatory bodies, and stimulator of interferon genes (STING). In this review, we focus on the mechanism by which mtDNA alterations cause liver injuries, including nonalcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, and liver cancer.
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18
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Kusnik A, Teufel A. [Association of Aspirin with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver-Related Mortality]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2020; 58:1003-1005. [PMID: 33036053 DOI: 10.1055/a-1162-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kusnik
- Sektion Hepatologie, II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Sektion Hepatologie, II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
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Liao ZH, Zhu HQ, Chen YY, Chen RL, Fu LX, Li L, Zhou H, Zhou JL, Liang G. The epigallocatechin gallate derivative Y 6 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting angiogenesis in MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/ HIF-1α/VEGF dependent pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112852. [PMID: 32278759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypervascularity has been considered as one of the major features of many solid tumors. Green tea is one of the commonly drink resources in China, and its active component, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), exhibits antiangiogenic activities in various experimental tumor models. However, EGCG has many shortages, e.g., relatively unstable, low lipid solubility, poor bioavailability, and short duration of action. AIM OF THE STUDY To overcome the shortages of EGCG for antiangiogenic antitumor usage, our study developed a novel EGCG derivate, Y6(5,3',4',3″,4″,5″-6-0-ethyl-EGCG). The underlying mechanism was also elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS we evaluated the effects of EGCG, Y6 on HCC and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, to understand their antitumor mechanisms, key factors within angiogenesis-related signaling pathways (MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1 VEGF) were analyzed by using western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). HepG2 xenograft model and the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were used to investigate the effects of Y6 and EGCG on tumors and anti-angiogenesis in vivo. Micro-vessel density (MVD) was analyzed by IHC of CD34 staining. IHC, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in tumor tissues. The protein levels of MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF in tumor tissues were detected by western blot. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that both EGCG and Y6 displayed antiangiogenetic and antitumor effects against HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that rather than equal amount of EGCG, Y6 displayed better abilities in inhibiting the growth of HCC tumor cells, as well as inhibiting the growth of neovascularization in the chick embryos and HepG2 xenograft tumors bearing-mice, based on the data obtained from MTT assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. In the comparison of equivalent dose of EGCG, qRT-PCR data showed that Y6 induced more significant decrease of the mRNA levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in supernatant-treated SMMC-7721 cells under hypoxic condition, as well as in the in xenograft tumor tissues; whereas Y6 also significantly reduced the protein levels of MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, and VEGF to a greater extent than EGCG, determined by western blotting assay. CONCLUSIONS our work suggests that the new EGCG derivate Y6 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis which is possibly involved with the signaling intervention of MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF pathways, and is supposed to be a potential therapeutic reagent for anti-angiogenesis treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Liao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; The People's Hospital of Chongzuo, Chongzuo, 532200, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, 535000, China
| | - Run-Li Chen
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Li-Xiang Fu
- Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545001, China
| | - Li Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jin-Ling Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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The impact of sex on hepatotoxic, inflammatory and proliferative responses in mouse models of liver carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2020; 442:152546. [PMID: 32763287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death but is almost 4-fold more prevalent in men than in women. Increased risk in men may be due in part to elevated chronic inflammation, which is a crucial driving force for many cancers. Male mice also have a greater incidence of liver cancer than females after postnatal exposure to procarcinogens such as 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) or diethylnitrosamine (DEN), or in mice that transgenically express hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins. Liver damage, inflammation and proliferation are central to liver cancer development, and previous studies have shown that hepatocellular damage, inflammation and proliferation are acutely elevated to a greater extent in adult male mice than in females after high-dose exposure to DEN. In contrast, postnatal exposure of mice to tumor-inducing doses of either DEN or ABP produces no such acute responses. However, it is not known whether sex differences in responses to postnatal carcinogen exposure or to HBV protein expression may develop over time following sexual maturation. We conducted an extended time course study to compare markers of liver damage, inflammation and proliferation between male and female mice exposed postnatally to 600 nmol ABP or 10 mg/kg DEN, and also in HBV transgenic (HBVTg) mice, over the duration of time that mice are normally maintained for standard liver tumor development protocols. Postnatal exposure to either ABP or DEN produced no evidence of either acute or chronic hepatocyte damage, liver inflammation or proliferation in either male or female mice. In contrast, HBVTg mice showed increased liver damage, inflammation and proliferation with age, but with no observed sex difference. These findings suggest that although chronic liver damage, inflammation and proliferation may be drivers for liver cancer development, they are unlikely to contribute directly to observed sex differences in liver tumor risk.
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Xuan W, Song D, Yan Y, Yang M, Sun Y. Police Violence among Adults Diagnosed with Mental Disorders. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2020; 45:81-89. [PMID: 32393967 PMCID: PMC7683147 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Police violence is reportedly common among those diagnosed with mental disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms or pronounced emotional lability. Despite the perception that people with mental illness are disproportionately mistreated by the police, there is relatively little empirical research on this topic. A cross-sectional general population survey was administered online in 2017 to 1,000 adults in two eastern U.S. cities to examine the relationship between police violence exposure, mental disorders, and crime involvement. Results from hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analyses revealed that a range of mental health conditions are broadly associated with elevated risk for police violence exposure. Individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to be physically victimized by police, regardless of their involvement in criminal activities. Most of the excess risk of police violence exposure related to common psychiatric diagnoses was explained by confounding factors including crime involvement. However, crime involvement may necessitate more police contact, but does not necessarily justify victimization or excessive force (particularly sexual and psychological violence). Findings support the need for adequate training for police officers on how to safely interact with people with mental health conditions, particularly severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xuan
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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Whey protein concentrate and lactoferrin alleviated anaemia, immunotoxicity, and biochemical alterations in a mouse model of early hepatocarcinogenesis. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Brito AF, Abrantes AM, Teixo R, Pires AS, Ribeiro AC, Ferreira RF, Mascarenhas A, Puga T, Laranjo M, Caramelo F, Boin I, Jefferson DM, Gonçalves C, Martins R, Tavares I, Ribeiro IP, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Carreira IM, Souza D, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Iodine‑131 metabolic radiotherapy leads to cell death and genomic alterations through NIS overexpression on cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:709-727. [PMID: 31922240 PMCID: PMC7010220 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an aggressive liver tumor with limited therapeutic options. Natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) mediates the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, representing a key component in metabolic radiotherapy using iodine-131 (131I) for the treatment of thyroid cancer. NIS expression is increased in CC, providing the opportunity for a novel therapeutic approach for this type of tumor. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of 131I in two human CC cell lines. Uptake experiments analyzed the 131I uptake profiles of the tumor cell lines under study. The cells were irradiated with various doses of 131I to evaluate and characterize the effects of metabolic radiotherapy. NIS protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence methods. Cell survival was evaluated by clonogenic assay and flow cytometry was used to assess cell viability, and the type of death and alterations in the cell cycle. The genomic and epigenetic characterization of both CC cells was performed before and after irradiation. NIS gene expression was evaluated in the CC cells by RT-qPCR. The results revealed that CC cells had a higher expression of NIS. 131I induced a decrease in cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. With the increasing irradiation dose, a decrease in cell viability was observed, with a consequent increase in cell death by initial apoptosis. Karyotype and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses revealed that both CC cell lines were near-triploid with several numerical and structural chromosomal rearrangements. NIS gene expression was increased in the TFK-1 and HuCCT1 cells in a time-dependent manner. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that the presence of NIS in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines is crucial for the decreased cell viability and survival observed following the exposure of cholangiocarcinoma cells to 131I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Brito
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Teixo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Pires
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Ribeiro
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alexandra Mascarenhas
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Puga
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilka Boin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences of University of Campinas (FCM/UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083‑887, Brazil
| | - Douglas M Jefferson
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Cristina Gonçalves
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Tavares
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Doroteia Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090‑000, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‑354 Coimbra, Portugal
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Chen L, Zeng F, Yao L, Fang T, Liao M, Long J, Xiao L, Deng G. Nomogram based on inflammatory indices for differentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1451-1461. [PMID: 31903730 PMCID: PMC7013079 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish nomogram based on inflammatory indices for differentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A cohort of 422 patients with HCC or ICC hospitalized at Xiangya Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 was included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent differential factors. Through combining these independent differential factors, a nomogram was established for differential diagnosis between ICC and HCC. The accuracy of nomogram was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The results were validated using a prospective study on 98 consecutive patients operated on from January 2019 to November 2019 at the same institution. Results Sex (OR = 9.001, 95% CI: 3.268‐24.792, P < .001), hepatitis (OR = 0.323, 95% CI: 0.121‐0.860, P = .024), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.995‐1.000, P = .046), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA199) (OR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.007‐1.025, P < .001), and aspartate transaminase‐to‐neutrophil ratio index (ANRI) (OR = 0.904, 95% CI: 0.843‐0.969, P = .004) were the independent differential factors for ICC. Nomogram was established with well‐fitted calibration curves through incorporating these 5 factors. Comparing model 1 including gender, hepatitis, AFP, and CA199 (C index = 0.903, 95% CI: 0.849‐0.957) and model 2 enrolling AFP and CA199 (C index = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.791‐0.908), the nomogram showed a better discrimination between ICC and HCC, with a C index of 0.920 (95% CI, 0.872‐0.968). The results were consistent in the validation cohort. DCA also confirmed the conclusion. Conclusion A nomogram was established for the differential diagnosis between ICC and HCC preoperatively, and better therapeutic choice would be made if it was applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Furong Zeng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tongdi Fang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Liao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Long
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Elfar M, Amleh A. miR-590-3p and Its Downstream Target Genes in HCC Cell Lines. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3234812. [PMID: 31781476 PMCID: PMC6875279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3234812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding RNA sequences of 18-25 nucleotides. They can regulate different cellular pathways by acting on tumor suppressors, oncogenes, or both. miRNAs are mostly tissue-specific, and their expression varies depending on the cancer or the tissue in which they are found. hsa-miR-590-3p was found to be involved in several types of cancers. In this study, we identified potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p computationally. Several bioinformatics tools and more than one approach were used to identify potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. CX3CL1, SOX2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and FOXA2 were utilized as potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. SNU449 and HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, were used to carry out various molecular techniques to further validate our in silico results. mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes were detected using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Co-localization of hsa-miR-590-3p and its candidate downstream target gene, SOX2, was carried out using a miRNA in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry staining through anti-SOX2. The results show that there is an inverse correlation between hsa-miR-590-3p expression and SOX2 protein expression in SNU449. Subsequently, we suggest that SOX2 can be a direct downstream target of has-miR-590-3p indicating that it may have a role in the self-renewal and self-maintenance of cancer cells. We also suggest that CX3CL1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and FOXA2 show a lot of potential as downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p signifying its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Studying the expression of hsa-miR-590-3p downstream targets can enrich our understanding of the cancer pathogenesis and how it can be used as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Elfar
- Biotechnology Program, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen C, Nelson LJ, Ávila MA, Cubero FJ. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101172. [PMID: 31569444 PMCID: PMC6829385 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has taken an alarming increase from 0.3 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 people. The lack of specific biomarkers makes diagnosis very difficult in the early stages of this fatal cancer. Thus, the prognosis of CCA is dismal and surgery is the only effective treatment, whilst recurrence after resection is common. Even though chemotherapy and radiotherapy may prolong survival in patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is still very low—a significant global problem in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in signal transduction by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses including inflammatory response, stress response, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the MAPK cascade involves key signaling components and phosphorylation events that play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of MAPK, current therapeutic options, and the current situation of MAPK-targeted therapies in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3 JL, Scotland, UK.
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Antitumor Activity of a Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2090-2101. [PMID: 31351075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) might have an important role in the pathogenesis and biology of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We examined FGFR expression in CCA tumor specimens obtained from patients and CCA cell lines, and then determined the effects of the novel FGFR inhibitor, derazantinib (DZB; formally, ARQ 087), which is currently in clinical phase 2 trials for intrahepatic CCA. DZB inhibited the growth of CCA cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT. It also activated apoptotic and cell growth arrest signaling. DZB reduced the in vitro invasiveness and the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes. The in vitro data correlated with the expression of FGFRs in human CCA specimens by immunohistochemistry (FGFR1, 30% positive; and FGFR2, 65% positive) and the CCA cell lines assayed by Western blot analysis. These correlated in vitro studies suggest that FGFR may play an important role in the pathogenesis and biology of CCA. Our findings support the notion that FGFR inhibitors, like DZB, should be further evaluated at the clinical stage as targeted therapy for CCA treatment.
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28
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Wu JS, Feng JL, Zhu RD, Liu SG, Zhao DW, Li N. Histopathological characteristics of needle core biopsy and surgical specimens from patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:404-415. [PMID: 31139310 PMCID: PMC6522762 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological manifestations of hepatic tumours are often associated with prognosis. Although surgical specimens (SS) can provide more information, currently, pre-treatment needle core biopsy (NCB) is increasingly showing important value in understanding the nature of liver tumors and even in diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, the concordance of the clinicopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining between NCB and SS from patients with hepatic tumours were less concerned.
AIM To introduce a more accurate method for interpreting the IHC staining results in order to improve the diagnostic value of hepatic malignancy in NCB samples.
METHOD A total of 208 patients who underwent both preoperative NCB and surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) between 2008 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. The expression of CK19, GPC3, and HepPar1 were detected by IHC staining. Clinicopathological, NCB, and surgical data were collected and analysed using χ2 and kappa statistics.
RESULTS Morphologically, the presence of compact tumour nests or a cord-like structure in NCB was considered the primary cause of misdiagnosis of HCC from ICC. The kappa statistic showed a moderate agreement in histomorphology (k = 0.504) and histological grade (k = 0.488) between NCB and SS of the tumours. A 4-tier (+++, ++, +, and -) scoring scheme that emphasized the focal neoplastic cell immunoreactivity of tumour cells revealed perfect concordance of CK19, GPC3 and HepPar1 between NCB and SS (k = 0.717; k = 0.768; k = 0.633). Furthermore, with the aid of a binary classification derived from the 4-tier score, a high concordance was achieved in interpreting the IHC staining of the three markers between NCB and final SS (k = 0.931; k = 0.907; k = 0.803), increasing the accuracy of NCB diagnosis C (k = 0.987; area under the curve = 0.997, 95%CI: 0.990-1.000; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION These findings imply that reasonable interpretation of IHC results in NCB is vital for improving the accuracy of tumour diagnosis. The simplified binary classification provides an easy and applicable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Shan Wu
- General Surgical Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ji-Liang Feng
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui-Dong Zhu
- General Surgical Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - San-Guang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhao
- Medical Imaging Department, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Li
- General Surgical Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Shi Z, Luo Y, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Zheng B, Wu D, Wang S, Xie X, Lin H, Yu X. Expression Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA HAR1A and HAR1B in HBV-Induced Hepatocullular Carcinoma in Chinese Patients. Lab Med 2019; 50:150-157. [PMID: 30304523 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical relevance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HAR1A and HAR1B expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In this study, we enrolled 50 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) without cirrhosis, 50 cases of CHB and liver cirrhosis (LC), and 100 cases of HBV and HCC. The expression profiles of lncRNA HAR1A and HAR1B were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The expression levels of HAR1A and HAR1B were significantly lower in the HCC group, compared with the CHB and LC groups (P <.01). HAR1A and HAR1B were negatively associated with histologic grade and TNM (tumor/nodes/metastasis) stage (all P <.05). Univariable multivariable analysis showed that decreased HAR1A (HR = 0.753, P = .02) and HAR1B (HR = 0.551, P = .01) levels were independent predictors for shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC. CONCLUSION Decreased HAR1A and HAR1B expression in HCC indicates poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Shi
- Department of Intervention, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Intervention, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Bingru Zheng
- Department of Intervention, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Daoyi Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Imaging and Intervention, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbang Xie
- Department of Intervention, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Heping Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ruian, China
| | - Xixiang Yu
- Department of Vasointerventional Surgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
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30
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Ferreira RG, Cardoso MV, de Souza Furtado KM, Espíndola KMM, Amorim RP, Monteiro MC. Epigenetic alterations caused by aflatoxin b1: a public health risk in the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2019; 204:51-71. [PMID: 30304666 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is currently the most commonly studied mycotoxin due to its great toxicity, its distribution in a wide variety of foods such as grains and cereals and its involvement in the development of + (hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC). HCC is one of the main types of liver cancer, and has become a serious public health problem, due to its high incidence mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. Studies show that AFB1 acts in synergy with other risk factors such as hepatitis B and C virus leading to the development of HCC through genetic and epigenetic modifications. The genetic modifications begin in the liver through the biomorphic AFB1, the AFB1-exo-8.9-Epoxy active, which interacts with DNA to form adducts of AFB1-DNA. These adducts induce mutation in codon 249, mediated by a transversion of G-T in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing HCC. Thus, this review provides an overview of the evidence for AFB1-induced epigenetic alterations and the potential mechanisms involved in the development of HCC, focusing on a critical analysis of the importance of severe legislation in the detection of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane Guimarães Ferreira
- Neurosciences and Cell Biology Post-Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Magda Vieira Cardoso
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Neurosciences and Cell Biology Post-Graduation Program, Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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31
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Lv WW, Liu D, Liu XC, Feng TN, Li L, Qian BY, Li WX. Effects of PKM2 on global metabolic changes and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: from gene expression to drug discovery. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1150. [PMID: 30463528 PMCID: PMC6249977 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that threatens global human health. High PKM2 expression is widely reported in multiple cancers, especially in HCC. This study aimed to explore the effects of PKM2 on global gene expression, metabolic damages, patient prognosis, and multiple transcriptional regulation relationships, as well as to identify several key metabolic genes and screen some small-molecule drugs. METHODS Transcriptome and clinical HCC data were downloaded from the NIH-GDC repository. Information regarding the metabolic genes and subsystems was collected from the Recon 2 human metabolic model. Drug-protein interaction data were obtained from the DrugBank and UniProt databases. We defined patients with PKM2 expression levels ≥11.25 as the high-PKM2 group, and those with low PKM2 expression (< 11.25) were defined as the low-PKM2 group. RESULTS The results showed that the global metabolic gene expression levels were obviously divided into the high- or low-PKM2 groups. In addition, a greater number of affected metabolic subsystems were observed in the high-PKM2 group. Furthermore, we identified 98 PKM2-correlated deregulated metabolic genes that were associated with poor overall patient survival. Together, these findings suggest more comprehensive influences of PKM2 on HCC. In addition, we screened several small-molecule drugs that target these metabolic enzymes, some of which have been used in antitumor clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS HCC patients with high PKM2 expression showed more severe metabolic damage, transcriptional regulation imbalance and poor prognosis than low-PKM2 individuals. We believe that our study provides valuable information for pathology research and drug development for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000 Guangdong China
| | - Xing-Cun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Tie-Nan Feng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lei Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Bi-Yun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204 Yunnan China
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Lu DH, Lv WW, Li WX, Gao YD. High PKM2 expression is independently correlated with decreased overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3603-3610. [PMID: 30127967 PMCID: PMC6096177 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and malignant types of cancer that affects global human health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 (PKM2) expression on the clinical features and prognosis of HCC. The present study employed univariate logistic regression to investigate the correlation between PKM2 expression and clinical features. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent effect of PKM2 expression on survival status. The results revealed that patients in the high PKM2 group (≥11.25) exhibited significantly lower creatinine levels (P=0.043), higher fetoprotein levels (P<0.001), advanced stage (P<0.001) and higher grade (P=0.004) compared with patients with low PKM2 expression levels (<11.25). In addition, patients with high PKM2 expression exhibited poor prognosis compared with patients with low PKM2 expression. After correcting the covariates, PKM2 expression remains significantly associated with reduced overall survival (P<0.05). These findings suggested that PKM2 is an independent risk factor for HCC and provides valuable information for future studies on the pathogenesis of HCC and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Lu
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army 105 Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China.,Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Instruments, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
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33
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Hwang IC, Chang J, Kim K, Park SM. Aspirin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a National Cohort Study of Korean Adults. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4968. [PMID: 29563592 PMCID: PMC5862896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of aspirin on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We investigated the association between aspirin use and HCC development in a region where viral hepatitis prevails. We conducted a population-based cohort study including a total of 460,755 participants who were tracked to identify incidents of HCC since 2007. The use of drug before the index date was assessed and standardized by the Defined Daily Dose system. We calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between aspirin use and HCC occurrence, using Cox proportional hazard regression models. There were 2,336 cases of HCC during the period of 2,965,500 person-years. Overall, aspirin users had a lower HCC risk (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.98) than non-users in a dose-response manner (Ptrend = 0.002). The protective effect of aspirin was amplified when combined with those of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant chemopreventive effect of aspirin in individuals who were young, were male, or had viral hepatitis, whereas no protective effect was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Our results, suggesting different carcinogenic pathways between viral and non-viral etiologies, may validate the design of future intervention trials of aspirin for HCC prevention in eligible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Cheol Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwoong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Wang M, Gao Y, Feng H, Warner E, An M, Jia J, Chen S, Fang M, Ji J, Gu X, Gao C. A nomogram incorporating six easily obtained parameters to discriminate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:646-654. [PMID: 29473340 PMCID: PMC5852370 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most prevalent histologic types of primary liver cancer (PLC). Although ICC and HCC share similar risk factors and clinical manifestations, ICC usually bears poorer prognosis than HCC. Confidently discriminating ICC and HCC before surgery is beneficial to both treatment and prognosis. Given the lack of effective differential diagnosis biomarkers and methods, construction of models based on available clinicopathological characteristics is in need. Nomograms present a simple and efficient way to make a discrimination. A total of 2894 patients who underwent surgery for PLC were collected. Of these, 1614 patients formed the training cohort for nomogram construction, and thereafter, 1280 patients formed the validation cohort to confirm the model's performance. Histopathologically confirmed ICC was diagnosed in 401 (24.8%) and 296 (23.1%) patients in these two cohorts, respectively. A nomogram integrating six easily obtained variables (Gender, Hepatitis B surface antigen, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alpha-fetoprotein, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Carbohydrate antigen 19-9) is proposed in accordance with Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). A score of 15 was determined as the cut-off value, and the corresponding discrimination efficacy was sufficient. Additionally, patients who scored higher than 15 suffered poorer prognosis than those with lower scores, regardless of the subtype of PLC. A nomogram for clinical discrimination of ICC and HCC has been established, where a higher score indicates ICC and poor prognosis. Further application of this nomogram in multicenter investigations may confirm the practicality of this tool for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor48109Michigan
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Huijuan Feng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Elisa Warner
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor48109Michigan
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn Arbor48109Michigan
| | - Mingrui An
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor48109Michigan
| | - Jian'an Jia
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200438China
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35
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Han B, Shin HJ, Bak IS, Bak Y, Jeong YL, Kwon T, Park YH, Sun HN, Kim CH, Yu DY. Peroxiredoxin I is important for cancer-cell survival in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68044-68056. [PMID: 27517622 PMCID: PMC5356538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I), an antioxidant enzyme, has multiple functions in human cancer. However, the role of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis has not been characterized. Here we investigated the relevance and underlying mechanism of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis. Prx I increased in tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients that aligned with overexpression of oncogenic H-ras. Prx I also increased in H-rasG12V transfected HCC cells and liver tumors of H-rasG12V transgenic (Tg) mice, indicating that Prx I may be involved in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. When Prx I was knocked down or deleted in HCC-H-rasG12V cells or H-rasG12V Tg mice, cell colony or tumor formation was significantly reduced that was associated with downregulation of pERK pathway as well as increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage and cell death. Overexpressing Prx I markedly increased Ras downstream pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibited oxidative damage in HCC cells and H-rasG12V Tg mice. In this study, we found Nrf2 was transcriptionally activated by FoxM1, and Prx I was activated by the H-rasG12V/pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 pathway and suppressed ROS-induced hepatic cancer-cell death along with formation of a positive feedback loop with Ras/ERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 to promote hepatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Shin
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Graduate School of Preclinical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 363-700, Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Ye-Lin Jeong
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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36
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Correnti M, Raggi C. Stem-like plasticity and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells: current status and prospect challenges in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7094-7115. [PMID: 27738343 PMCID: PMC5351693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis and high recurrence remain leading causes of primary liver cancerassociated mortality. The spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood plays a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence after surgery. Nevertheless, only a subset of CTCs can survive, migrate to distant sites and establish secondary tumors. Consistent with cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, stem-like CTCs might represent a potential source for cancer relapse and distant metastasis. Thus, identification of stem-like metastasis-initiating CTC-subset may provide useful clinically prognostic information. This review will emphasize the most relevant findings of CTCs in the context of stem-like biology associated to liver carcinogenesis. In this view, the emerging field of stem-like CTCs may deliver substantial contribution in liver cancer field in order to move to personalized approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Correnti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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Wengert GJ, Baltzer PAT, Bickel H, Thurner P, Breitenseher J, Lazar M, Pones M, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Hucke F, Ba-Ssalamah A. Differentiation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma from Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver Using Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:1491-1500. [PMID: 28756085 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the potential of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging features to differentiate between mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study, performed between 2001 and 2013, included 64 baseline magnetic resonance imaging examinations with pathohistologically proven liver cirrhosis, presenting with either ICC (n = 32) or HCC (n = 32) tumors. To distinguish ICC form HCC tumors, 20 qualitative single-lesion descriptors were evaluated by two readers, in consensus, and statistically classified using the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) methodology. Diagnostic performance was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The CHAID algorithm identified three independent categorical lesion descriptors, including (1) liver capsular retraction; (2) progressive or persistent enhancement pattern or wash-out on the T1-weighted delayed phase; and (3) signal intensity appearance on T2-weighted images that could help to reliably differentiate ICC from HCC, which resulted in an AUC of 0.807, and a sensitivity and specificity of 68.8 and 90.6 (95% confidence interval 75.0-98.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CHAID algorithm provides a simple and robust step-by-step classification tool for a reliable and solid differentiation between ICC and HCC tumors in cirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg J Wengert
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pascal A T Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Bickel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Thurner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Breitenseher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Lazar
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pones
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Liver Cancer (HCC)-Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Hucke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Liver Cancer (HCC)-Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
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38
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Bragazzi MC, Ridola L, Safarikia S, Matteo SD, Costantini D, Nevi L, Cardinale V. New insights into cholangiocarcinoma: multiple stems and related cell lineages of origin. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 31:42-55. [PMID: 29333066 PMCID: PMC5759612 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that may develop at any level of the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) on the basis of its anatomical location. Notably, although these three CCA subtypes have common features, they also have important inter- and intra-tumor differences that can affect their pathogenesis and outcome. A unique feature of CCA is that it manifests in the hepatic parenchyma or large intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, furnished by two distinct stem cell niches: the canals of Hering and the peribiliary glands, respectively. The complexity of CCA pathogenesis highlights the need for a multidisciplinary, translational, and systemic approach to this malignancy. This review focuses on advances in the knowledge of CCA histomorphology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and subsets of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Bragazzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ridola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samira Safarikia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Costantini
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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39
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A New Preoperative Prognostic System Combining CRP and CA199 For Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e118. [PMID: 28981082 PMCID: PMC5666116 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed at investigating the preoperatively available prognostic factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients and proposing a new preoperative prognostic scoring system for ICC. Methods: A total of 246 consecutive ICC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy were enrolled retrospectively and were randomly divided into training (n=164) and validation cohorts (n=82) at a ratio of 2:1. The prognostic factors were investigated in both cohorts using multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. Results: Multivariate analyses identified that two preoperative factors (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels >4.1 mg/l (hazard ratio (HR): 2.75, 95% CI: 1.65–4.73, P<0.001) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels >300 mg/ml (HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.18–6.49)) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative survival in the training cohort. The results were further confirmed in the validation cohort. On the basis of these data, a preoperative prognostic score (PPS) was established by allocating 0 or 1 point to the two factors, respectively. Then, both in the training and validation cohorts, the PPS showed the power to stratify patients into three distinct groups (groups with scores 2, 1, and 0) with significant difference in the risk of postoperative death. Conclusions: A new preoperative scoring system consisting of preoperative CRP and CA19-9 levels could effectively predict postoperative survival of ICC patients.
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40
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Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH. Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9069-9095. [PMID: 27895396 PMCID: PMC5107590 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutation
- Patient Selection
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Precision Medicine
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Signal Transduction
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41
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Liu CY, Hsieh CH, Kim SH, Wang JP, Ni YL, Su CL, Yao CF, Fang K. An indolylquinoline derivative activates DNA damage response and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2431-2441. [PMID: 27748837 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. The development of resistance to therapy limits the application against the disease. To improve treatment, new effective anticancer agents are constantly pursued. Previously, we reported that an indolylquinoline, 3-((7-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-methyl)-2-methylquinoline (EMMQ), is effective in suppressing the growth of human lung cancer by impairing mitochondria functions. The present study revealed that EMMQ inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells, but not in normal cells. This study demonstrated that EMMQ induced DNA damage by activating p53 and γ-H2AX and cell arrest by suppressing cyclin D1 and CDK2. Damaged DNA injured mitochondrial functions by lowering the membrane potential and producing reactive oxygen species. The subsequent mitochondrial cytochrome c release attenuated pro-survival signals and increased apoptotic characteristics. Introduction of p53 shRNA abrogated drug effects by reducing DNA damage while maintaining mitochondria integrity. In brief, the study demonstrates that the effectiveness of EMMQ accentuated apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by activating p53. Based on these collective findings, the study offered a new perspective of EMMQ that was shown to be a promising candidate to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Ping Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Lin Ni
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Li Su
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kang Fang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations pinpointing different molecular and cellular events. The next-generation sequencing technology is facilitating the global and systematic evaluation of molecular landscapes in HCC. There is emerging evidence supporting the importance of cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment in providing a favorable and supportive niche to expedite HCC development. Moreover, recent studies have identified distinct surface markers of cancer stem cell (CSC) in HCC, and they also put forward the profound involvement of altered signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications in CSCs, in addition to the concomitant drug resistance and metastasis. Taken together, multiple key genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as liver CSCs, result in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lo-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,*Irene O. L. Ng, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Room 127B, University Pathology Building, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary, Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR (China), Tel. +852 2255 3967, E-Mail
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Likhitrattanapisal S, Tipanee J, Janvilisri T. Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles identifies differential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12755-12766. [PMID: 27448818 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the members of hepatobiliary diseases. Both types of cancer often exert high levels of similarity in terms of phenotypic characteristics, thus leading to difficulties in HCC and CCA differential diagnoses. In this study, a transcriptome meta-analysis was performed on HCC and CCA microarray data to identify differential transcriptome networks and potential biomarkers for HCC and CCA. Raw data from nine gene expression profiling datasets, consisting of 1,185 samples in total, were methodologically compiled and analyzed. To evaluate differentially expressed (DE) genes in HCC and CCA, the levels of gene expression were compared between cancer and its normal counterparts (i.e., HCC versus normal liver and CCA versus normal bile duct) using t test (P < 0.05) and k-fold validation. A total of 226 DE genes were specific to HCC, 249 DE genes specific to CCA, and 41 DE genes in both HCC and CCA. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed different patterns between functional transcriptome networks of HCC and CCA. Cell cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were exclusively dysregulated in HCC whereas complement and coagulation cascades as well as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were prodominantly differentially expressed in CCA. Our meta-analysis revealed distinct dysregulation in transcriptome networks between HCC and CCA. Certain genes in these networks were discussed in the context of HCC and CCA transition, unique characteristics of HCC and CCA, and their potentials as HCC and CCA differential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaitip Tipanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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44
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Mäemets-Allas K, Belitškin D, Jaks V. The inhibition of Akt-Pdpk1 interaction efficiently suppresses the growth of murine primary liver tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:118-125. [PMID: 27103434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of primary liver tumor cells has hampered testing of potential chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. To overcome this issue we developed a primary mouse liver tumor cell line K07074. The K07074 cells were immortal, exhibited a biliary phenotype, formed colonies in soft agar and displayed an increase in Hedgehog, Notch and Akt signaling. To study the effect of single and combined inhibition of the liver tumor-related pathways on the growth of K07074 cells we treated these with small-molecule antitumor agents. While the inhibition of Akt and Notch pathways strongly inhibited the growth of K07074 cells the inhibition of Wnt and Hedgehog pathways was less efficient in cell growth suppression. Interestingly, the inhibition of Akt pathway at the level of Akt-Pdpk1 interaction was sufficient to suppress the growth of tumor cells and no significant additive effect could be detected when co-treated with the inhibitors of Wnt, Hedgehog or Notch pathways. Only when suboptimal doses of Akt-Pdpk1 interaction inhibitor NSC156529 were used an additive effect with Notch inhibition was seen. We conclude that the Akt pathway inhibitor NSC156529 is potentially useful as single treatment for liver tumors with hyperactivated Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Belitškin
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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GUAN CHENGNONG, YANG FENG, HE XICHUN, LI TUHUA, YANG QINGMEI, HE HUIPING, XU MENG. Clinical significance of microRNA-155 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1574-1580. [PMID: 26893782 PMCID: PMC4734258 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent normal tissues, and assess its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of this tumor type. miR-155 expression was detected in 40 HCC tissue samples and 40 samples of adjacent tumor-free tissue using fluorescent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The association between miR-155 expression, clinicopathological features and 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) in HCC and adjacent normal tissue samples was analyzed. RT-qPCR results revealed that, in 25 cases (62.5%), miR-155 expression levels were significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with the expression levels observed in pericarcinomatous tissues (P<0.05). miR-155 expression was observed to be significantly correlated with vessel invasion, Edmonson classification and clinical stage (P<0.05). However, miR-155 expression was not significantly correlated with gender, age, tumor size, tumor number, hepatitis B virus DNA copy number, cirrhosis or concentration of α-fetoprotein (P>0.05). A positive correlation was observed between late TNM classification of malignant tumor stage and 1-year RFS (P<0.05). Patients exhibiting high miR-155 expression levels were observed to exhibit a lower 1-year RFS than that of patients with reduced expression of miR-155 (48 vs. 73.3%), however this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.105). Additionally, correlations were observed between miR-155 expression and reduced differentiation, increased invasiveness and late stages of HCC. The current results demonstrated that miR-155 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC and may be associated with clinical characteristics of HCC patients. Additional studies are required to clarify the mechanism of miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHENGNONG GUAN
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - FENG YANG
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - XICHUN HE
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - TUHUA LI
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - QINGMEI YANG
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - HUIPING HE
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - MENG XU
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Petrick JL, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Chan AT, Alavanja MC, Beane-Freeman LE, Buring JE, Chen J, Chong DQ, Freedman ND, Fuchs CS, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci E, Graubard BI, Hollenbeck AR, Hou L, Jacobs EJ, King LY, Koshiol J, Lee IM, Linet MS, Palmer JR, Purdue MP, Rosenberg L, Schairer C, Sesso HD, Sigurdson AJ, Wactawski-Wende J, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Campbell PT, McGlynn KA. NSAID Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1156-62. [PMID: 26391917 PMCID: PMC4704448 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the two most common types of liver cancer. A number of prior experimental studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and ibuprofen, may potentially protect against liver cancer. However, no observational study has examined the association between aspirin duration and dose or other over-the-counter non-aspirin NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, and liver cancer incidence. Furthermore, the association between NSAID use and risk of ICC is unclear. As part of the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, we harmonized data on 1,084,133 individuals (HCC = 679, ICC = 225) from 10 U.S.-based prospective cohort studies. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current aspirin use, versus nonuse, was inversely associated with HCC (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.81), which persisted when restricted to individuals not using non-aspirin NSAIDs and in a 5- and 10-year lag analysis. The association between aspirin use and HCC risk was stronger for users who reported daily use, longer duration use, and lower dosage. Ibuprofen use was not associated with HCC risk. Aspirin use was associated with a reduced ICC risk in men (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98) but not women (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.89-2.01; P(interaction) = 0.01). The observed inverse association between aspirin use and liver cancer in our study, together with previous data, suggests the merit of future intervention studies of aspirin and other agents that affect chronic inflammatory pathways for HCC and possibly ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura E Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie E Buring
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dawn Q Chong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | | | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lindsay Y King
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - I-Min Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alice J Sigurdson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Sun YL, Cai JQ, Liu F, Bi XY, Zhou LP, Zhao XH. Aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin 1 and its clinical implications in liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10840-10852. [PMID: 26478675 PMCID: PMC4600585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i38.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression characteristics of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) mRNA and protein in liver cancer cell lines and tissues.
METHODS: The RNA sequencing data from 374 patients with liver cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression and clinical characteristics of PRDX1 mRNA were analyzed in this dataset. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analysis was performed to determine the relationship between PRDX1 levels and patient survival. Subcellular fractionation and Western blotting were used to demonstrate the expression of PRDX1 protein in six liver cancer cell lines and 29 paired fresh tissue specimens. After bioinformatics prediction, a putative post-translational modification form of PRDX1 was observed using immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation analysis in liver cancer cells.
RESULTS: The mRNA of PRDX1 gene was upregulated about 1.3-fold in tumor tissue compared with the adjacent non-tumor control (P = 0.005). Its abundance was significantly higher in men than women (P < 0.001). High levels of PRDX1 mRNA were associated with a shorter overall survival time (P = 0.04) but not with recurrence-free survival. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with high PRDX1 mRNA showed about 1.9-fold increase of risk for death (P = 0.03). In liver cancer cells, PRDX1 protein was strongly expressed with multiple different bands. PRDX1 in the cytosol fraction existed near the theoretical molecular weight, whereas two higher molecular weight bands were present in the membrane/organelle and nuclear fractions. Importantly, the theoretical PRDX1 band was increased, whereas the high molecular weight form was decreased in tumor tissues. Subsequent experiments revealed that the high molecular weight bands of PRDX1 might result from the post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO1).
CONCLUSION: PRDX1 was overexpressed in the tumor tissues of liver cancer and served as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. PRDX1 can be modified by SUMO to play specific roles in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Wengert GJ, Bickel H, Breitenseher J, Ba-Ssalamah A. [Primary liver tumors : hepatocellular versus intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma]. Radiologe 2015; 55:27-35. [PMID: 25575724 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-014-2705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) are the most commonly occurring and important primary liver tumors. Originating from one pluripotent liver stem cell both tumor entities can occur in a cirrhotic liver and also in patients without cirrhosis. Several risk factors have been identified as causative for both carcinomas; therefore, tumor screening is advantageous, especially for high-risk patients who could be diagnosed in an early stage to allow curative treatment. Surgical resection, interventional procedures and transplantation are available as curative treatment options when diagnosed in time. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS Common characteristic features and morphology in cross-sectional imaging by ultrasound (US), multidetector computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as screening aspects are presented and discussed. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Recent findings show a better understanding of the carcinogenesis model of both liver tumors originating from one pluripotent liver stem cell. Further developments of modern cross-sectional imaging modalities, especially MRI in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging and intravenous administration of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents enable early detection, exact differentiation, staging and treatment evaluation of HCC and ICC ACHIEVEMENTS: In this article we discuss modern, multiparametric imaging modalities, which allow a complete and reliable diagnosis of the majority of these tumor entities. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS Contrast-enhanced MRI, using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, is currently the most accurate procedure for the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment evaluation of HCC and ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Wengert
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger-Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich,
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Ju HL, Han KH, Lee JD, Ro SW. Transgenic mouse models generated by hydrodynamic transfection for genetic studies of liver cancer and preclinical testing of anti-cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Ju
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong Doo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Catholic Kwandong University; Seoul Korea
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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50
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Manosroi A, Akazawa H, Kitdamrongtham W, Akihisa T, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Potent Antiproliferative Effect on Liver Cancer of Medicinal Plants Selected from the Thai/Lanna Medicinal Plant Recipe Database "MANOSROI III". EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:397181. [PMID: 26136809 PMCID: PMC4475558 DOI: 10.1155/2015/397181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thai/Lanna medicinal plant recipes have been used for the treatment of several diseases including liver cancer. In this study, methanolic extracts (MEs) of 23 plants were tested for antiproliferative activity on human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Nine MEs with potent antiproliferative activity (IC50 < 100 µg/mL) were obtained and further semipurified by liquid/liquid partition extraction. The semipurified fractions were tested for the antiproliferative and antioxidative activities. ME of Stemona collinsae and the semipurified extract and methanol-water fraction (MF) of Gloriosa superba gave the highest antiproliferative activity on HepG2 which were 4.79- and 50.07-fold cisplatin, respectively. The semipurified fractions showed an increased antiproliferative activity. MF of Caesalpinia sappan and HF of Senna alata showed the highest free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities, respectively. The compound in n-hexane fraction (HF) of Ventilago denticulata which showed an increase in antiproliferative activity comparing to its ME was isolated and identified as emodin. This study has demonstrated the potential of the ME from S. collinsae, MF from G. superba, and emodin isolated from V. denticulata, for further development as an antiliver cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Akazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology and Material Chemistry, Nihon University Junior College, Chiba 274-8501, Japan
| | - Worapong Kitdamrongtham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
- Akihisa Medical Clinic, 1086-3 Kamo, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1331, Japan
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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