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Huang B, Wang X, Jiang B, Kong L, Hou H, Zhou J. Case Report: A neurolinguistic and neuroimaging study on a Chinese follow-up case with logopenic-variant of primary progressive aphasia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963970. [PMID: 36203977 PMCID: PMC9530806 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), typically resulting from a neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by a progressive loss of specific language functions while other cognitive domains are relatively unaffected. The logopenic variant, characterized by impairments of word retrieval and sentence repetition along with preserved semantic, syntactic, and motor speech abilities, is the most recently described and remains less understood than other variants due to a comparatively small number of case studies and a lack of investigations with a thorough specification. In this article, we report a 2-year follow-up case study of a 74-year-old Chinese female patient with a logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, including its neurolinguistic study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-Positron emission tomography imaging analyses, as well as gene sequencing. This case confirms that, in addition to word-finding and sentence repetition difficulties, the logopenic variant may also present with mild auditory comprehension and naming deficits attributed to impaired access to lexical representations. The observation of clinical treatment suggests the efficacy of memantine hydrochloride tablet and rivastigmine transdermal patch in slowing down the cognitive deterioration of this patient. The description and exploration of this case may shed new insights into a better understanding of the Chinese logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyao Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolu Wang
| | - Biao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Kong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiong Zhou
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Disentangling Reversal-learning Impairments in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease. Cogn Behav Neurol 2022; 35:110-122. [PMID: 35486540 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often present with poor decision-making, which can affect both their financial and social situations. Delineation of the specific cognitive impairments giving rise to impaired decision-making in individuals with FTD may inform treatment strategies, as different neurotransmitter systems have been associated with distinct patterns of altered decision-making. OBJECTIVE To use a reversal-learning paradigm to identify the specific cognitive components of reversal learning that are most impaired in individuals with FTD and those with Alzheimer disease (AD) in order to inform future approaches to treatment for symptoms related to poor decision-making and behavioral inflexibility. METHOD We gave 30 individuals with either the behavioral variant of FTD or AD and 18 healthy controls a stimulus-discrimination reversal-learning task to complete. We then compared performance in each phase between the groups. RESULTS The FTD group demonstrated impairments in initial stimulus-association learning, though to a lesser degree than the AD group. The FTD group also performed poorly in classic reversal learning, with the greatest impairments being observed in individuals with frontal-predominant atrophy during trials requiring inhibition of a previously advantageous response. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results and the reversal-learning paradigm used in this study may inform the development and screening of behavioral, neurostimulatory, or pharmacologic interventions aiming to address behavioral symptoms related to stimulus-reinforcement learning and response inhibition impairments in individuals with FTD.
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3
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Krzosek P, Madetko N, Migda A, Migda B, Jaguś D, Alster P. Differential Diagnosis of Rare Subtypes of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and PSP-Like Syndromes—Infrequent Manifestations of the Most Common Form of Atypical Parkinsonism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:804385. [PMID: 35221993 PMCID: PMC8864174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.804385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, there is increasing interest in rare PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy) variants, including PSP-PGF (PSP-progressive gait freezing), PSP-PI (PSP-postural instability), PSP-OM (PSP-ocular motor dysfunction), PSP-C (PSP-predominant cerebellar ataxia), PSP-CBS (PSP-corticobasal syndrome), PSP-SL (PSP-speech/language disorders), and PSP-PLS (PSP-primary lateral sclerosis). Diagnosis of these subtypes is usually based on clinical symptoms, thus thorough examination with anamnesis remains a major challenge for clinicians. The individual phenotypes often show great similarity to various neurodegenerative diseases and other genetic, autoimmune, or infectious disorders, manifesting as PSP-mimicking syndromes. At the current stage of knowledge, it is not possible to isolate a specific marker to make a definite ante-mortem diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent developments in rare PSP phenotypes and PSP-like syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Krzosek
- Students’ Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Patrycja Krzosek,
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Migda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Migda
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Lab, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Jaguś
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Lab, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Deng B, Zheng Z, Zheng J, Yang W, Huang Y, Luo Y, Jin D, Shen L, Jin K, Wang Q. FTD-PSP is an Unusual Clinical Phenotype in A Frontotemporal Dementia Patient with A Novel Progranulin Mutation. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1741-1752. [PMID: 34631218 PMCID: PMC8460311 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (GRN) mutations are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD); the spectrum of clinical phenotypes of FTD is much more extensive than previously reported. The frequency and locations of GRN mutations in Chinese patients with FTD remain uncertain. We performed cDNA sequencing in one sporadic male patient who initially presented FTD symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were applied to further confirm the diagnosis of FTD from this patient. Cellular apoptosis and survival test were performed to identify the function of GRN. We identified one novel missense GRN mutation (c.1498G>A, p.V500I) in this patient, who initially presented typical behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) features but then presented progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) clinical characteristics 5 years after onset. Besides, WT GRN protein showed an adequate trophic stimulus to preserve the survival of SH-SY5Y cells in the medium free of serum, while GRN mutation (c.1498G>A, p.V500I) may impair the ability of supporting cell survival. This study owns significant implications for genetic counseling and clinical heterogeneity. We illustrate the fact that FTD presenting features of bvFTD and PSP in one patient could be considered as a specific phenotype in patients with GRN mutations. GRN p.V500I led to the neuronal degeneration in vitro; this finding provides a significant evidence that this mutation may be a new causative mutation in patients with FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Jialing Zheng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Dana Jin
- 3College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lu Shen
- 2Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
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5
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Moinuddin O, Khandwala NS, Young KZ, Sathrasala SK, Barmada SJ, Albin RL, Besirli CG. Role of Optical Coherence Tomography in Identifying Retinal Biomarkers in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Review. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e516-e523. [PMID: 34484950 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is often misdiagnosed or recognized late. Clinical heterogeneity and overlap with other dementias impede accurate diagnosis. FTD biomarkers are limited, expensive, and invasive. We present a narrative review of the current literature focused on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify retinal biomarkers of dementia, discuss OCT findings in FTD, and explore the implications of an FTD-specific ocular biomarker for research and patient care. Recent Findings Recent studies suggest that outer retinal thinning detected via OCT may function as a novel ocular biomarker of FTD. The degree and rate of inner retinal thinning may correlate with disease severity and progression. In Alzheimer disease (AD), OCT demonstrates thinning of the inner retina, which may differentiate this condition from FTD. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature and reviewed published OCT findings in FTD, AD, and mild cognitive impairment, as well as reports on biomarkers of FTD and AD used in the research and patient care settings. Three of the authors (O.M., N.S.K., and K.Z.Y.) independently conducted literature searches using PubMed to identify studies published before May 1, 2020, using the following search terminology: "Alzheimer's disease," "Alzheimer's dementia," "frontotemporal dementia," "FTD," "mild cognitive impairment," "dementia biomarkers," and "neurodegeneration biomarkers." Search results were then refined using one or more of the following keywords: "optical coherence tomography," "optical coherence tomography angiography," "retinal imaging," and "retinal thinning." The selection of published works for inclusion in this narrative review was then limited to full-text articles written in English based on consensus agreement of the authors. Summary FTD diagnosis is imprecise, emphasizing the need for improved state and trait biomarkers. OCT imaging of the retina holds considerable potential for establishing effective ocular biomarkers for FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Moinuddin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Nikhila S Khandwala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Kelly Z Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Sanjana K Sathrasala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (OM, GGB), W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School (NSK, KZY); University of Michigan (SKS); Department of Neurology (SJB, RLA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and GRECC & Neurology Service (RLA), Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, MI
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Adding Some "Splice" to Stress Eating: Autophagy, ESCRT and Alternative Splicing Orchestrate the Cellular Stress Response. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081196. [PMID: 34440370 PMCID: PMC8393842 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a widely studied self-renewal pathway that is essential for degrading damaged cellular organelles or recycling biomolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis, particularly under cellular stress. This pathway initiates with formation of an autophagosome, which is a double-membrane structure that envelopes cytosolic components and fuses with a lysosome to facilitate degradation of the contents. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins play an integral role in controlling autophagosome fusion events and disruption to this machinery leads to autophagosome accumulation. Given the central role of autophagy in maintaining cellular health, it is unsurprising that dysfunction of this process is associated with many human maladies including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The cell can also rapidly respond to cellular stress through alternative pre-mRNA splicing that enables adaptive changes to the cell's proteome in response to stress. Thus, alternative pre-mRNA splicing of genes that are involved in autophagy adds another layer of complexity to the cell's stress response. Consequently, the dysregulation of alternative splicing of genes associated with autophagy and ESCRT may also precipitate disease states by either reducing the ability of the cell to respond to stress or triggering a maladaptive response that is pathogenic. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles of the ESCRT machinery and alternative splicing in regulating autophagy and how their dysfunction can have implications for human disease.
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7
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Vöglein J, Kostova I, Arzberger T, Roeber S, Schmitz P, Simons M, Ruf V, Windl O, Herms J, Dieterich M, Danek A, Höglinger GU, Giese A, Levin J. First symptom guides diagnosis and prognosis in neurodegenerative diseases-a retrospective study of autopsy proven cases. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1801-1811. [PMID: 33662165 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative diseases have been framed based on clinical phenomenology. However, systematic knowledge about the first reported clinical symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of the first clinical symptom (FS) as assessed by medical history in neuropathologically proven neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Neuropathological diagnoses from the Neurobiobank Munich, Germany, were matched with clinical records for analyses of the diagnostic and prognostic values of FSs. RESULTS In all, 301 patients with the neuropathological diagnoses Alzheimer disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Lewy body disease (LBD) including the neuropathologically indistinguishable clinical phenotypes Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy (MSA) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) were studied. Memory disturbance was the most common FS in AD (34%), FTLD (19%) and LBD (26%), gait disturbance in PSP (35%) and MSA (27%) and aphasia and personality changes in CBD (20%, respectively). In a model adjusting for prevalence in the general population, AD was predicted by memory disturbance in 79.0%, aphasia in 97.2%, personality changes in 96.0% and by cognitive disturbance in 99.0%. Gait disturbance and tremor predicted LBD in 54.6% and 97.3%, coordination disturbance MSA in 59.4% and dysarthria FTLD in 73.0%. Cognitive FSs were associated with longer survival in AD (12.0 vs. 5.3 years; p < 0.001) and FTLD (8.2 vs. 4.1 years; p = 0.005) and motor FSs with shorter survival in PSP (7.2 vs. 9.7; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Assessing FSs in neurodegenerative diseases may be beneficial for accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis and thereby may improve clinical care and precision of study recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vöglein
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Irena Kostova
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peer Schmitz
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Otto Windl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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8
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Mood and emotional disorders associated with parkinsonism, Huntington disease, and other movement disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:175-196. [PMID: 34389117 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a review of mood, emotional disorders, and emotion processing deficits associated with diseases that cause movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia. For each disorder, a clinical description of the common signs and symptoms, disease progression, and epidemiology is provided. Then the mood and emotional disorders associated with each of these diseases are described and discussed in terms of clinical presentation, incidence, prevalence, and alterations in quality of life. Alterations of emotion communication, such as affective speech prosody and facial emotional expression, associated with these disorders are also discussed. In addition, if applicable, deficits in gestural and lexical/verbal emotion are reviewed. Throughout the chapter, the relationships among mood and emotional disorders, alterations of emotional experiences, social communication, and quality of life, as well as treatment, are emphasized.
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9
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Liscic RM, Alberici A, Cairns NJ, Romano M, Buratti E. From basic research to the clinic: innovative therapies for ALS and FTD in the pipeline. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 32487123 PMCID: PMC7268618 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by deterioration of motor and cognitive functions and short survival. Aside from cases with an inherited pathogenic mutation, the causes of the disorders are still largely unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. It has been shown that FTD may coexist with ALS and this overlap occurs at clinical, genetic, and molecular levels. In this work, we review the main pathological aspects of these complex diseases and discuss how the integration of the novel pathogenic molecular insights and the analysis of molecular interaction networks among all the genetic players represents a critical step to shed light on discovering novel therapeutic strategies and possibly tailoring personalized medicine approaches to specific ALS and FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajka Maria Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nigel John Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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10
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More than words: Social cognition across variants of primary progressive aphasia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:263-284. [PMID: 30876954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is clinically typified by linguistic impairments, emerging evidence highlights the presence of early deficits in social cognition. This review systematically describes the latter patterns, specifying their relation to the characteristic linguistic dysfunctions and atrophy patterns of non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic variants of the disease (nfvPPA, svPPA, and lvPPA, respectively), relative to closely related dementia types. Whereas the evidence on lvPPA proves scant, studies on nfvPPA and svPPA patients show consistent deficits in emotion recognition, theory of mind, and empathy. Notably, these seem to be intertwined with language impairments in nfvPPA, but they prove primary and independent of language disturbances in svPPA. Also, only the profile of svPPA resembles that of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, probably reflecting the overlap of fronto-temporal disruptions in both conditions. In short, the neurocognitive relationship between linguistic and socio-cognitive deficits cannot be precisely predicated for PPA as a whole; instead, specific links must be acknowledged in each variant. These emergent patterns pave the way for fruitful dimensional research in the field.
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11
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Festoff BW, Citron BA. Thrombin and the Coag-Inflammatory Nexus in Neurotrauma, ALS, and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30804878 PMCID: PMC6371052 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review details our current understanding of thrombin signaling in neurodegeneration, with a focus on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease) as well as future directions to be pursued. The key factors are multifunctional and involved in regulatory pathways, namely innate immune and the coagulation cascade activation, that are essential for normal nervous system function and health. These two major host defense systems have a long history in evolution and include elements and regulators of the coagulation pathway that have significant impacts on both the peripheral and central nervous system in health and disease. The clotting cascade responds to a variety of insults to the CNS including injury and infection. The blood brain barrier is affected by these responses and its compromise also contributes to these detrimental effects. Important molecules in signaling that contribute to or protect against neurodegeneration include thrombin, thrombomodulin (TM), protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and those released from mitochondria (mtDAMPs). Each of these molecules are entangled in choices dependent upon specific signaling pathways in play. For example, the particular cleavage of PAR1 by thrombin vs. activated protein C (APC) will have downstream effects through coupled factors to result in toxicity or neuroprotection. Furthermore, numerous interactions influence these choices such as the interplay between HMGB1, thrombin, and TM. Our hope is that improved understanding of the ways that components of the coagulation cascade affect innate immune inflammatory responses and influence the course of neurodegeneration, especially after injury, will lead to effective therapeutic approaches for ALS, traumatic brain injury, and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Festoff
- pHLOGISTIX LLC, Fairway, KS, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Research & Development, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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12
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Vandal SE, Zheng X, Ahmad ST. Molecular Genetics of Frontotemporal Dementia Elucidated by Drosophila Models-Defects in Endosomal⁻Lysosomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061714. [PMID: 29890743 PMCID: PMC6032313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common senile neurodegenerative disease. FTD is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into several subtypes. A mutation in CHMP2B locus (CHMP2Bintron5), which encodes a component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III), is associated with a rare hereditary subtype of FTD linked to chromosome 3 (FTD-3). ESCRT is involved in critical cellular processes such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation during endosomal–lysosomal pathway and autophagy. ESCRT mutants causes diverse physiological defects primarily due to accumulation of endosomes and defective MVBs resulting in misregulation of signaling pathways. Charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) is important for neuronal physiology which especially rely on precise regulation of protein homeostasis due to their post-mitotic status. Drosophila has proven to be an excellent model for charaterization of mechanistic underpinning of neurodegenerative disorders including FTD. In this review, current understanding of various FTD-related mutations is discussed with a focus on Drosophila models of CHMP2Bintron5-associated FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Vandal
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - S Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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Updated meta-analysis of the role of APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43721-43732. [PMID: 28487499 PMCID: PMC5546436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an updated meta-analysis to assess the role of the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles of Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE and Web of Science databases, and 51 eligible case-control studies with 5123 cases and 20566 controls were selected after screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis demonstrated that APOE ε4 was associated with increased FTLD risk in all genetic models (ε4 vs. ε3 allele, ε4 vs. ε2 allele, ε4 vs. ε2+ε3+ε4 allele, ε4 vs. ε2+ε3+ε4 carrier, ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε3ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε3ε4+ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3+ε3ε4, all P < 0.01, odds ratio [OR] > 1). Subgroup analysis revealed significant association between APOE ε4 and FTLD (P < 0.01, OR > 1) for the Caucasian, Italian, population based (PB), P > 0.05 value of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), Newcastle-Ottawa scale score > 6, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) subgroups. However, there was no significant association between the APOE ε2 allele and FTLD (P > 0.05) in most genetic models and sub-group analyses. Begg's and Egger's tests also revealed no publication bias, and sensitivity analysis showed that our data analysis was robust. Thus our meta-analyses suggest that APOE ε4 is a genetic risk factor in patients with FTLD.
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14
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Gao J, Wang L, Huntley ML, Perry G, Wang X. Pathomechanisms of TDP-43 in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2018; 146:10.1111/jnc.14327. [PMID: 29486049 PMCID: PMC6110993 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, a term that refers to the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). There is no cure or treatment available that can prevent or reverse neurodegenerative conditions. The causes of neurodegeneration in these diseases remain largely unknown; yet, an extremely small proportion of these devastating diseases are associated with genetic mutations in proteins involved in a wide range of cellular pathways and processes. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that the most notable neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, FTLD, and AD, share a common prominent pathological feature known as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, which is usually characterized by the presence of aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage and/or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells. The role of TDP-43 as a neurotoxicity trigger has been well documented in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. As such, the investigation of TDP-43 pathomechanisms in various major neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Here, after a discussion of stages of TDP-43 proteinopathy during disease progression in various major neurodegenerative diseases, we review previous and most recent studies about the potential pathomechanisms with a particular emphasis on ALS, FTLD, and AD, and discuss the possibility of targeting TDP-43 as a common therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luwen Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mikayla L. Huntley
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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de la Torre JC. Are Major Dementias Triggered by Poor Blood Flow to the Brain? Theoretical Considerations. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:353-371. [PMID: 28211814 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that chronic brain hypoperfusion plays a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) long before dyscognitive symptoms or amyloid-β accumulation in the brain appear. This commentary proposes that dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) may also develop from chronic brain hypoperfusion following a similar but not identical neurometabolic breakdown as AD. The argument to support this conclusion is that chronic brain hypoperfusion, which is found at the early stages of the three dementias reviewed here, will reduce oxygen delivery and lower oxidative phosphorylation promoting a steady decline in the synthesis of the cell energy fuel adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process is known to lead to oxidative stress. Virtually all neurodegenerative diseases, including FTD, DLB, and CJD, are characterized by oxidative stress that promotes inclusion bodies which differ in structure, location, and origin, as well as which neurological disorder they typify. Inclusion bodies have one thing in common; they are known to diminish autophagic activity, the protective intracellular degradative process that removes malformed proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged subcellular organelles that can disrupt neuronal homeostasis. Neurons are dependent on autophagy for their normal function and survival. When autophagic activity is diminished or impaired in neurons, high levels of unfolded or misfolded proteins overwhelm and downregulate the neuroprotective activity of unfolded protein response which is unable to get rid of dysfunctional organelles such as damaged mitochondria and malformed proteins at the synapse. The endpoint of this neuropathologic process results in damaged synapses, impaired neurotransmission, cognitive decline, and dementia.
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16
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Popuri K, Dowds E, Beg MF, Balachandar R, Bhalla M, Jacova C, Buller A, Slack P, Sengdy P, Rademakers R, Wittenberg D, Feldman HH, Mackenzie IR, Hsiung GYR. Gray matter changes in asymptomatic C9orf72 and GRN mutation carriers. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:591-598. [PMID: 29845007 PMCID: PMC5964622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a strong genetic basis. Understanding the structural brain changes during pre-symptomatic stages may allow for earlier diagnosis of patients suffering from FTD; therefore, we investigated asymptomatic members of FTD families with mutations in C9orf72 and granulin (GRN) genes. Clinically asymptomatic subjects from families with C9orf72 mutation (15 mutation carriers, C9orf72+; and 23 non-carriers, C9orf72-) and GRN mutations (9 mutation carriers, GRN+; and 15 non-carriers, GRN-) underwent structural neuroimaging (MRI). Cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volumes were calculated using FreeSurfer. Group differences were evaluated, correcting for age, sex and years to mean age of disease onset within the subject's family. Mean age of C9orf72+ and C9orf72- were 42.6 ± 11.3 and 49.7 ± 15.5 years, respectively; while GRN+ and GRN- groups were 50.1 ± 8.7 and 53.2 ± 11.2 years respectively. The C9orf72+ group exhibited cortical thinning in the temporal, parietal and frontal regions, as well as reduced volumes of bilateral thalamus and left caudate compared to the entire group of mutation non-carriers (NC: C9orf72- and GRN- combined). In contrast, the GRN+ group did not show any significant differences compared to NC. C9orf72 mutation carriers demonstrate a pattern of reduced gray matter on MRI prior to symptom onset compared to GRN mutation carriers. These findings suggest that the preclinical course of FTD differs depending on the genetic basis and that the choice of neuroimaging biomarkers for FTD may need to take into account the specific genes involved in causing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karteek Popuri
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Emma Dowds
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Mahadev Bhalla
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Claudia Jacova
- School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Adrienne Buller
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Penny Slack
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pheth Sengdy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dana Wittenberg
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard H Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek R Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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17
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López-González I, Palmeira A, Aso E, Carmona M, Fernandez L, Ferrer I. FOXP2 Expression in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-Tau. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:471-5. [PMID: 27497476 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
FOXP2 is altered in a variety of language disorders. We found reduced mRNA and protein expression of FOXP2 in frontal cortex area 8 in Pick's disease, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau linked to P301L mutation presenting with language impairment in comparison with age-matched controls and cases with parkinsonian variant progressive supranuclear palsy. Foxp2 mRNA and protein are also reduced with disease progression in the somatosensory cortex in transgenic mice bearing the P301S mutation in MAPT when compared with wild-type littermates. Our findings support the presence of FOXP2 expression abnormalities in sporadic and familial frontotemporal degeneration tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-González
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Palmeira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ester Aso
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liana Fernandez
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Bargsted L, Medinas DB, Martínez Traub F, Rozas P, Muñoz N, Nassif M, Jerez C, Catenaccio A, Court FA, Hetz C, Matus S. Disulfide cross-linked multimers of TDP-43 and spinal motoneuron loss in a TDP-43 A315T ALS/FTD mouse model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14266. [PMID: 29079747 PMCID: PMC5660202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is the principal component of ubiquitinated protein inclusions present in nervous tissue of most cases of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Previous studies described a TDP-43A315T transgenic mouse model that develops progressive motor dysfunction in the absence of protein aggregation or significant motoneuron loss, questioning its validity to study ALS. Here we have further characterized the course of the disease in TDP-43A315T mice using a battery of tests and biochemical approaches. We confirmed that TDP-43 mutant mice develop impaired motor performance, accompanied by progressive body weight loss. Significant differences were observed in life span between genders, where females survived longer than males. Histopathological analysis of the spinal cord demonstrated a significant motoneurons loss, accompanied by axonal degeneration, astrogliosis and microglial activation. Importantly, histopathological alterations observed in TDP-43 mutant mice were similar to some characteristic changes observed in mutant SOD1 mice. Unexpectedly, we identified the presence of different species of disulfide-dependent TDP-43 aggregates in cortex and spinal cord tissue. Overall, this study indicates that TDP-43A315T transgenic mice develop key features resembling key aspects of ALS, highlighting its relevance to study disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Bargsted
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Martínez Traub
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Rozas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz
- Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Jerez
- Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Catenaccio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Soledad Matus
- Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, 7780272, Chile.
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.
- Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile.
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Daianu M, Mendez MF, Baboyan VG, Jin Y, Melrose RJ, Jimenez EE, Thompson PM. An advanced white matter tract analysis in frontotemporal dementia and early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:1038-1053. [PMID: 26515192 PMCID: PMC5167220 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortical and subcortical nuclei degenerate in the dementias, but less is known about changes in the white matter tracts that connect them. To better understand white matter changes in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), we used a novel approach to extract full 3D profiles of fiber bundles from diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and map white matter abnormalities onto detailed models of each pathway. The result is a spatially complex picture of tract-by-tract microstructural changes. Our atlas of tracts for each disease consists of 21 anatomically clustered and recognizable white matter tracts generated from whole-brain tractography in 20 patients with bvFTD, 23 with age-matched EOAD, and 33 healthy elderly controls. To analyze the landscape of white matter abnormalities, we used a point-wise tract correspondence method along the 3D profiles of the tracts and quantified the pathway disruptions using common diffusion metrics – fractional anisotropy, mean, radial, and axial diffusivity. We tested the hypothesis that bvFTD and EOAD are associated with preferential degeneration in specific neural networks. We mapped axonal tract damage that was best detected with mean and radial diffusivity metrics, supporting our network hypothesis, highly statistically significant and more sensitive than widely studied fractional anisotropy reductions. From white matter diffusivity, we identified abnormalities in bvFTD in all 21 tracts of interest but especially in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, frontal callosum, anterior thalamic radiations, cingulum bundles and left superior longitudinal fasciculus. This network of white matter alterations extends beyond the most commonly studied tracts, showing greater white matter abnormalities in bvFTD versus controls and EOAD patients. In EOAD, network alterations involved more posterior white matter – the parietal sector of the corpus callosum and parahipoccampal cingulum bilaterally. Widespread but distinctive white matter alterations are a key feature of the pathophysiology of these two forms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Daianu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario F Mendez
- Behavioral Neurology Program, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vatche G Baboyan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Melrose
- Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elvira E Jimenez
- Behavioral Neurology Program, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, Pediatrics, and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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20
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Grad LI, Rouleau GA, Ravits J, Cashman NR. Clinical Spectrum of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024117. [PMID: 28003278 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is primarily characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, although there is marked phenotypic heterogeneity between cases. Typical, or "classical," ALS is associated with simultaneous upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement at disease onset, whereas atypical forms, such as primary lateral sclerosis and progressive muscular atrophy, have early and predominant involvement in the UMN and LMN, respectively. The varying phenotypes can be so distinctive that they would seem to have differing biology. Because the same phenotypes can have multiple causes, including different gene mutations, there may be multiple molecular mechanisms causing ALS, implying that the disease is a syndrome. Conversely, multiple phenotypes can be caused by a single gene mutation; thus, a single molecular mechanism could be compatible with clinical heterogeneity. The pathogenic mechanism(s) in ALS remain unknown, but active propagation of the pathology neuroanatomically is likely a primary component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie I Grad
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
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21
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Delgado-Morales R, Esteller M. Opening up the DNA methylome of dementia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:485-496. [PMID: 28044062 PMCID: PMC5378809 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a complex clinical condition characterized by several cognitive impairments that interfere with patient independence in executing everyday tasks. Various neurodegenerative disorders have dementia in common among their clinical manifestations. In addition, these diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, share molecular alterations at the neuropathological level. In recent years, the field of neuroepigenetics has expanded massively and it is now clear that epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, are mechanisms involved in both normal and pathological brain function. Despite the persistent methodological and conceptual caveats, it has been reported that several genes fundamental to the development of neurodegenerative disorders are deregulated by aberrant methylation patterns of their promoters, and even common epigenetic signatures for some dementia-associated pathologies have been identified. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that are altered in dementia, especially those associated with the initial phases, will allow us not only to understand the etiopathology of dementia and its progression but also to design effective therapies to reduce this global public health problem. This review provides an in-depth summary of our current knowledge about DNA methylation in dementia, focusing exclusively on the analyses performed in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Delgado-Morales
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Holth JK, Mahan TE, Robinson GO, Rocha A, Holtzman DM. Altered sleep and EEG power in the P301S Tau transgenic mouse model. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:180-190. [PMID: 28275652 PMCID: PMC5338139 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep disturbances are prevalent in human tauopathies yet despite the importance of sleep, little is known about its relationship with tau pathology. Here, we investigate this interaction by analyzing sleep and tau pathology throughout tauopathy disease progression in P301S human tau transgenic mice. Methods P301S and wild‐type mice were analyzed by electroencephalography (EEG)/electromyography at 3, 6, 9, and 11 months of age for sleep/wake time, EEG power, and homeostatic response. Cortical volume and tau pathology was also assessed by anti‐phospho‐tau AT8 staining. Results P301S tau mice had significantly decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at 9 months of age and decreased REM and non‐REM (NREM) sleep as well as increased wakefulness at 11 months. Sleep loss was characterized by fewer wake, REM, and NREM bouts, increased wake bout duration, and decreased sleep bout duration. Decreased REM and NREM sleep was associated with increased brainstem tau pathology in the sublaterodorsal area and parafacial zone, respectively. P301S mice also showed increased EEG power at 6 and 9 months of age and decreased power at 11 months. Decreased EEG power was associated with decreased cortical volume. Despite sleep disturbances, P301S mice maintained homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. Interpretation Our results indicate that tau pathology is associated with sleep disturbances that worsen with age and these changes may be related to tau pathology in brainstem sleep regulating regions as well as neurodegeneration. Tau‐induced sleep changes could affect disease progression and be a marker for therapeutic efficacy in this and other tauopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrah K Holth
- Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Thomas E Mahan
- Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Grace O Robinson
- Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Andreia Rocha
- Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
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Lee JS, Jung NY, Jang YK, Kim HJ, Seo SW, Lee J, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim BC, Park KW, Yoon SJ, Jeong JH, Kim SY, Kim SH, Kim EJ, Park KC, Knopman DS, Na DL. Prognosis of Patients with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Who have Focal Versus Diffuse Frontal Atrophy. J Clin Neurol 2017; 13:234-242. [PMID: 28748674 PMCID: PMC5532319 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between different subtypes and disease progression or prognosis in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Since a localized injury often produces more focal signs than a diffuse injury, we hypothesized that the clinical characteristics differ between patients with bvFTD who show diffuse frontal lobe atrophy (D-type) on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans versus those with focal or circumscribed frontal lobe atrophy (F-type). Methods In total, 94 MRI scans (74 scans from bvFTD and 20 scans from age-matched normal controls) were classified into 35 D- and 39 F-type bvFTD cases based on an axial MRI visual rating scale. We compared baseline clinical characteristics, progression in motor and cognitive symptoms, and survival times between D- and F-types. Survival analyses were performed for 62 of the 74 patients. Results While D-type performed better on neuropsychological tests than F-type at baseline, D-type had higher baseline scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III. Evaluations of motor progression showed that the disease duration with motor symptoms was shorter in D-type than F-type. Moreover, the survival time was shorter in D-type (6.9 years) than F-type (9.4 years). Cox regression analyses revealed that a high UPDRS Part III score at baseline contributed to an increased risk of mortality, regardless of the pattern of atrophy. Conclusions The prognosis is worse for D-type than for those with F-type. Shorter survival in D-type may be associated with the earlier appearance of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jee H Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Korea
| | - Key Chung Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Sleep disorders are prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a major cause of institutionalization. Like AD pathology, sleep abnormalities can appear years before cognitive decline and may be predictive of dementia. A bidirectional relationship between sleep and amyloid β (Aβ) has been well established with disturbed sleep and increased wakefulness leading to increased Aβ production and decreased Aβ clearance; whereas Aβ deposition is associated with increased wakefulness and sleep disturbances. Aβ fluctuates with the sleep-wake cycle and is higher during wakefulness and lower during sleep. This fluctuation is lost with Aβ deposition, likely due to its sequestration into amyloid plaques. As such, Aβ is believed to play a significant role in the development of sleep disturbances in the preclinical and clinical phases of AD. In addition to Aβ, the influence of tau AD pathology is likely important to the sleep disturbances observed in AD. Abnormal tau is the earliest observable AD-like pathology in the brain with abnormal tau phosphorylation in many sleep regulating regions such as the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, tuberomammillary nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, and basal forebrain prior to the appearance of amyloid or cortical tau pathology. Furthermore, human tau mouse models exhibit AD-like sleep disturbances and sleep changes are common in other tauopathies including frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy. Together these observations suggest that tau pathology can induce sleep disturbances and may play a large role in the sleep disruption seen in AD. To elucidate the relationship between sleep and AD it will be necessary to not only understand the role of amyloid but also tau and how these two pathologies, together with comorbid pathology such as alpha-synuclein, interact and affect sleep regulation in the brain.
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25
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Gontkovsky ST. Sensitivity of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (WASI-II) to the neurocognitive deficits associated with the semantic dementia variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A case study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 24:288-293. [PMID: 27101084 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1154857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This case study of a 71-year-old woman illustrates the clinical utility of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (WASI-II) in assessing the neurocognitive sequelae of the semantic dementia variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Obtained scores revealed a decline in estimated Full Scale IQ from the patient's expected premorbid level. Consistent with her initial onset of neuropathology in the left temporal lobe, the WASI-II yielded a difference of 53 standard score points between the Perceptual Reasoning and Verbal Comprehension composites, reflecting the patient's intact capabilities in visuospatial perception and construction in conjunction with marked disturbances of language. The similarities subtest was particularly sensitive to the patient's neurocognitive deficits. WASI-II scores corresponded well with the results obtained from other administered measures, in particular those from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Findings provide support for use of the WASI-II in the clinical evaluation of semantic dementia and offer preliminary evidence that the test may be helpful in both lateralization and localization of brain lesions.
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Gasca-Salas C, Masellis M, Khoo E, Shah BB, Fisman D, Lang AE, Kleiner-Fisman G. Characterization of Movement Disorder Phenomenology in Genetically Proven, Familial Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153852. [PMID: 27100392 PMCID: PMC4839564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in granulin (PGRN) and tau (MAPT), and hexanucleotide repeat expansions near the C9orf72 genes are the most prevalent genetic causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although behavior, language and movement presentations are common, the relationship between genetic subgroup and movement disorder phenomenology is unclear. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature characterizing the spectrum and prevalence of movement disorders in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Methods Electronic databases were searched using terms related to frontotemporal lobar degeneration and movement disorders. Articles were included when cases had a proven genetic cause. Study-specific prevalence estimates for clinical features were transformed using Freeman-Tukey arcsine transformation, allowing for pooled estimates of prevalence to be generated using random-effects models. Results The mean age at onset was earlier in those with MAPT mutations compared to PGRN (p<0.001) and C9orf72 (p = 0.024). 66.5% of subjects had an initial non-movement presentation that was most likely a behavioral syndrome (35.7%). At any point during the disease, parkinsonism was the most common movement syndrome reported in 79.8% followed by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSPS) and corticobasal (CBS) syndromes in 12.2% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of movement disorder as initial presentation was higher in MAPT subjects (35.8%) compared to PGRN subjects (10.1). In those with a non-movement presentation, language disorder was more common in PGRN subjects (18.7%) compared to MAPT subjects (5.4%). Summary This represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the occurrence of movement disorder phenomenology in genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Standardized prospective collection of clinical information in conjunction with genetic characterization will be crucial for accurate clinico-genetic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gasca-Salas
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, TWH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centro integral en Neurociencias A.C. (CINAC)/HM Hospitales- Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario Masellis
- Centro integral en Neurociencias A.C. (CINAC)/HM Hospitales- Puerta del Sur, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edwin Khoo
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Binit B. Shah
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David Fisman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, TWH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Galit Kleiner-Fisman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Jeff and Diane Ross Movement Disorders Clinic, Baycrest Center for Geriatric Health, Toronto, Canada
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Krasniak CS, Ahmad ST. The role of CHMP2B Intron5 in autophagy and frontotemporal dementia. Brain Res 2016; 1649:151-157. [PMID: 26972529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) - a component of the endosomal complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) - is responsible for the vital membrane deformation functions in autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking. A dominant mutation in CHMP2B (CHMP2BIntron5) is associated with a subset of heritable frontotemporal dementia - frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 3 (FTD-3). ESCRT-III recruits Vps4, an AAA-ATPase that abscises the membrane during various cellular processes including autophagy and intraluminal vesicle formation. CHMP2BIntron5 results in a C-terminus truncation removing an important Vps4 binding site as well as eliminating the normal autoinhibitory resting state of CHMP2B. CHMP2B is expressed in most cell types but seems to be especially vital for proper neuronal function. CHMP2BIntron5-mediated phenotypes include misregulation of transmembrane receptors, accumulation of multilamellar structures, abnormal lysosomal morphology, down regulation of a brain-specific micro RNA (miRNA-124), abnormal dendritic spine morphology, decrease in dendritic arborization, and cell death. Currently, transgenic-fly,-mouse, and -human cell lines are being used to better understand the diverse phenotypes and develop therapeutic approaches for the CHMP2BIntron5-induced FTD-3. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5720 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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The Use of Stem Cells to Model Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia: From Basic Research to Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9279516. [PMID: 26966440 PMCID: PMC4761393 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9279516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years several genes have linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as a spectrum disease; however little is known about what triggers their onset. With the ability to generate patient specific stem cell lines from somatic cells, it is possible to model disease without the need to transfect cells with exogenous DNA. These pluripotent stem cells have opened new avenues for identification of disease phenotypes and their relation to specific molecular pathways. Thus, as never before, compounds with potential applications for regenerative medicine can be specifically tailored in patient derived cultures. In this review, we discuss how patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used to model ALS and FTD and the most recent drug screening targets for these diseases. We also discuss how an iPSC bank would improve the quality of the available cell lines and how it would increase knowledge about the ALS/FTD disease spectrum.
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29
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The neuropathology and cerebrovascular mechanisms of dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:172-86. [PMID: 26174330 PMCID: PMC4758551 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia is increasing in our aging population at an alarming rate. Because of the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and complexity of disease neuropathology, dementia classifications remain controversial. Recently, the National Plan to address Alzheimer’s Disease prioritized Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias to include: Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, and mixed dementias. While each of these dementing conditions has their unique pathologic signature, one common etiology shared among all these conditions is cerebrovascular dysfunction at some point during the disease process. The goal of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current findings in the field and address the important contributions of cerebrovascular, physiologic, and cellular alterations to cognitive impairment in these human dementias. Specifically, evidence will be presented in support of small-vessel disease as an underlying neuropathologic hallmark of various dementias, while controversial findings will also be highlighted. Finally, the molecular mechanisms shared among all dementia types including hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood–brain barrier permeability responsible for disease etiology and progression will be discussed.
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30
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Wallon D, Nicolas G. Genetica delle demenze degenerative. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)73962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Coan G, Mitchell CS. An Assessment of Possible Neuropathology and Clinical Relationships in 46 Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Autopsies. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 15:301-12. [PMID: 26183171 DOI: 10.1159/000433581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested overlapping pathological features among motor neuron, cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases. AIMS/METHODS Secondary analysis of 46 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient autopsies was performed to independently assess pathological feature prevalence (e.g. percent of patients with any positive finding), degree of severity (e.g. mild, moderate, severe), and 2,200+ potential clinical/neuropathological correlations. The possible impact of gender, onset age, onset type (limb vs. bulbar), riluzole treatment, and severe TDP-43 pathology was assessed within patient subgroups. RESULTS Assessed features (prevalence, severity) include: lateral corticospinal tract degeneration (89%, moderate); Purkinje cell loss (85%, mild); localized neuronal loss (83%, mild to moderate); TDP-43 inclusions (80%, moderate); Betz cell loss (76%, mild); neurofibrillary tangles (78%, severe); anterior corticospinal tract degeneration (72%, moderate); spinal ventral root atrophy (65%, moderate); atherosclerosis (35%, mild); β-amyloid (35%, mild); tauopathy/tau inclusions (17%, mild); ventricular dilation (13%, mild); Lewy body formation (11%, mild); microinfarcts (7%, mild); and α-synuclein (4%, mild). Twenty-two percent of patients met criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 26% for frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Substantial differences were identified in the AD group and in the different onset age groups. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that ALS and its variants could comprise a larger neuropathological continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Coan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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32
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Gaspar R, Santana I, Mendes C, Fernandes AS, Duro D, Simões M, Luís D, Santos MJ, Grazina M. Genetic Variation of MT-ND Genes in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Biochemical Phenotype-Genotype Correlation. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 15:70-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000380766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Castro-Chavira SA, Fernandez T, Nicolini H, Diaz-Cintra S, Prado-Alcala RA. Genetic markers in biological fluids for aging-related major neurocognitive disorder. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015; 12:200-9. [PMID: 25731625 PMCID: PMC4443795 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150302155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formerly named dementia, comprises of the different acquired diseases whose primary deficit is impairment in cognitive functions such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual/motor skills, and social cognition, and that are related to specific brain regions and/or networks. According to its etiology, the most common subtypes of major NCDs are due to Alzheimer' s disease (AD), vascular disease (VaD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These pathologies are frequently present in mixed forms, i.e., AD plus VaD or AD plus LBD, thus diagnosed as due to multiple etiologies. In this paper, the definitions, criteria, pathologies, subtypes and genetic markers for the most common age-related major NCD subtypes are summarized. The current diagnostic criteria consider cognitive decline leading to major NCD or dementia as a progressive degenerative process with an underlying neuropathology that begins before the manifestation of symptoms. Biomarkers associated with this asymptomatic phase are being developed as accurate risk factor and biomarker assessments are fundamental to provide timely treatment since no treatments to prevent or cure NCD yet exist. Biological fluid assessment represents a safer, cheaper and less invasive method compared to contrast imaging studies to predict NCD appearance. Genetic factors particularly have a key role not only in predicting development of the disease but also the age of onset as well as the presentation of comorbidities that may contribute to the disease pathology and trigger synergistic mechanisms which may, in turn, accelerate the neurodegenerative process and its resultant behavioral and functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R A Prado-Alcala
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Boulevard Universitario # 3001, Juriquilla, Queretaro. C. P. 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Ravits J. Focality, stochasticity and neuroanatomic propagation in ALS pathogenesis. Exp Neurol 2014; 262 Pt B:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Siuda J, Fujioka S, Wszolek ZK. Parkinsonian syndrome in familial frontotemporal dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:957-64. [PMID: 24998994 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was first described in families with mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and progranulin (PRGN) genes. Since then, mutations in several other genes have been identified for FTD with parkinsonism, including chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72), chromatin modifying protein 2B (CHMP2B), valosin-containing protein (VCP), fused in sarcoma (FUS) and transactive DNA-binding protein (TARDBP). The clinical presentation of patients with familial forms of FTD with parkinsonism is highly variable. The parkinsonism seen in FTD patients is usually characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome and is mostly associated with the behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD); however, some cases may present with classical Parkinson's disease. In other cases, atypical parkinsonism resembling progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or corticobasal syndrome (CBS) has also been described. Although rare, parkinsonism in FTD may coexist with motor neuron disease. Structural neuroimaging, which is crucial for the diagnosis of FTD, shows characteristic patterns of brain atrophy associated with specific mutations. Structural neuroimaging is not helpful in distinguishing among patients with parkinsonian features. Furthermore, dopaminergic imaging that shows nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in FTD with parkinsonism cannot discriminate parkinsonian syndromes that arise from different mutations. Generally, parkinsonism in FTD is levodopa unresponsive, but there have been cases where a temporary benefit has been reported, so dopaminergic treatment is worth trying, especially, when motor and non-motor manifestations can cause significant problems with daily functioning. In this review, we present an update on the clinical and genetic correlations of FTD with parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Siuda J, Lewicka T, Bujak M, Opala G, Golenia A, Slowik A, van Blitterswijk M, Baker M, Ertekin-Taner N, Wszolek ZK, Rademakers R. ALS-FTD complex disorder due to C9ORF72 gene mutation: description of first Polish family. Eur Neurol 2014; 72:64-71. [PMID: 24861139 DOI: 10.1159/000362267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are complex neurodegenerative disorders that can be either sporadic or familial and can overlap clinically and pathologically. We present the first Central-Eastern European family with ALS-FTD syndrome due to a C9ORF72 repeat expansion. METHODS We studied a family consisting of 37 family members, 6 of whom were genetically evaluated for C9ORF72 expansions. Family members were evaluated clinically, by history, and by chart review. RESULTS Overall, 5 generations of the family were studied, and 6 affected family members were identified. All affected members were females and had a different clinical presentation, which was ALS, FTD or both. Among the genetically evaluated subjects, 5 carried a C9ORF72 expansion; 4 of these individuals remain clinically unaffected. CONCLUSION Our report reveals that the hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9ORF72, which is the most common genetic cause of ALS-FTD complex disorder, is also present in Central-Eastern Europe. Further studies are needed to assess the frequency of this expansion in the Polish population with familial as well as sporadic ALS, FTD and the ALS-FTD complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
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Fukuda K, Hattori H. Unclassified cases of behavioral variant of major frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 Suppl 2:35-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; Obu Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; Obu Japan
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