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Odeny L, Gathecha G, Mwenda V, Kendagor A, Cheburet S, Mugi B, Mithi C, Jaguga F, Okinda K, Devotsu RK, Mohamed SF, Ong’ang’o JR. Tobacco smoking-attributable mortality in Kenya, 2012-2021. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-134. [PMID: 39050115 PMCID: PMC11267916 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking poses a significant risk for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers. In Kenya, tobacco-related deaths contribute substantially to non-communicable disease mortality. This study aims to quantify the mortality attributed to tobacco smoking in Kenya from 2012 to 2021. METHODS Employing a prevalence-based analysis model, the study utilized population attributable fraction (PAF) to estimate age-specific smoke attributable mortality (SAM) rates for individuals aged ≥35 years. Causes of death associated with tobacco use, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, and diabetes, were analyzed based on age, sex, and death records between 2012 and 2021. RESULTS Over the study period, 60228 deaths were attributed to tobacco-related diseases, with an annual increase observed until 2016 and subsequent fluctuations. Respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignant cancers, tuberculosis, and cardiovascular diseases collectively accounted for 16.5% of deaths among individuals aged ≥35 years. Notable contributors were pneumonia and influenza (respiratory diseases), esophageal cancer (cancers), and cerebrovascular diseases (cardiovascular diseases). Of the observed deaths, 16.5% were attributed to smoking, with respiratory diseases (40.5%), malignant cancers (31.4%), tuberculosis (13%), cardiovascular diseases (8.9%), and diabetes mellitus (6.1%) contributing. Pneumonia and influenza, esophageal cancer, chronic airway obstruction, and tuberculosis were primary causes, comprising 70% of all SAM. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-related mortality is a significant public health concern in Kenya. Efforts should focus on preventing tobacco use and managing associated disease burdens. Smoking cessation initiatives and comprehensive tobacco control measures are imperative to mitigate the impact on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazarus Odeny
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Gladwell Gathecha
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Valerian Mwenda
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Kendagor
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Cheburet
- Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Mugi
- Radiology Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Mithi
- Internal Medicine Department, Kenyatta University Teaching, Referral and Research Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florence Jaguga
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Services Department, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Okinda
- Research and Program Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Othaya, Kenya
| | | | - Shukri F. Mohamed
- Chronic Disease Management Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane Rahedi Ong’ang’o
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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MOUTAWAKKIL SG, EL-AMMARI A, EL MALKI H, RAGALA MEA, EL RHAZI K, ZARROUQ B. Prevalence of Tobacco Products' Use and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Morocco: A Systematic Review. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241272370. [PMID: 39175911 PMCID: PMC11339743 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241272370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of premature death worldwide, responsible for about 8 million deaths per year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Morocco. Adolescents' tobacco use is a matter of concern, because early initiation increases the risk of becoming a lifelong user. There exists a notable gap in the synthesis of evidence concerning tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the prevalence of tobacco products' use and associated factors among adolescents in Morocco. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect for relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of tobacco products' use among Moroccan adolescents, published until June 2024, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional searches were completed on other sources to reach unpublished reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results After the final screening, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Life-time prevalence of tobacco use ranged from 7.8% to 20.4% for cigarettes smoking, from 10.6% to 21.9% for waterpipe, from 7.9% to 9.1% for chewing tobacco and from 9.2% to 12.4% for snuff. The last 12-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was comprised between 6.9% and 10.8%. As for the prevalence of current use, ranges of (1.8%-16.4%) and (4.9%-8.4%) were noted for cigarettes and waterpipe, respectively. The most commonly highlighted risk factors for tobacco use included male sex, older age, having friends or family members who use tobacco and low perception of risk associated with tobacco use. Conclusion Our findings reveal an alarming situation of tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ghofrane MOUTAWAKKIL
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah EL-AMMARI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL MALKI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Amine RAGALA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima EL RHAZI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Btissame ZARROUQ
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
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Cherif I, Khiari H, Mallekh R, Hsairi M. Mortality attributable to tobacco in Tunisian adults, 2016Mortalité attribuable au tabac dans la population tunisienne adulte en 2016. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022; 70:191-195. [PMID: 35469686 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the mortality attributable to current cigarette smoking among Tunisian individuals aged 30 years and over in 2016. METHODS The number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF) method of calculation. Current cigarette smoking-related data and number of deaths by cause were obtained from a Tunisian national household survey conducted in 2016 (THES-2016) and the "Global Burden of Disease" study respectively. Relative risks for cause-specific mortality among current cigarette smokers compared to never-smokers were obtained mainly from the American cancer prevention study II (CPS II), including adjustments for a range of potential confounders. RESULTS In 2016, 6,039 deaths were attributed to current cigarette smoking (5,934 in men and 105 in women), accounting for 14.3 % of total deaths in persons aged 30 years and over (24.2 % in men and 0.6 % in women). Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and upper aerodigestive tract cancers represented the highest smoking-attributable risks (74.5 %, 49.1 % and 42.2 % respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, high rates of smoking-attributable mortality were found, mainly among men. In addition to more rigorous application of existing laws, sensitization to the dangers of tobacco, educational anti-smoking campaigns and help in quitting are of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cherif
- Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Houyem Khiari
- Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Mallekh
- Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hsairi
- Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
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Lim KH, Cheong YL, Lim HL, Kee CC, Ghazali SM, Pradmahan Singh BSG, Omar MA, Hashim MHM, Cheah YK, Lim JH. Assessment of association between smoking and all-cause
mortality among Malaysian adult population: Findings from a
retrospective cohort study. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35702648 PMCID: PMC9150905 DOI: 10.18332/tid/147656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is a known risk factor for many chronic diseases. Illness and death due to smoking are a significant public health burden in many countries. This study aims to address the information gap in smoking-related mortality in Malaysia by estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortalities due to smoking among Malaysian adults. METHODS We analyzed data on 2525 respondents, aged 24–64 years, of the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance survey conducted September 2005 to February 2006. Mortality records from the Malaysian National Registration Department were linked to the MYNCDS-1 data to determine respondents’ mortality status over 12 years from 2006 to 2018. Associations between smoking and all-cause mortalities were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustments for non-communicable disease and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS The prevalence of daily smoking was 21.2% (95% CI: 19.0–23.7). During the 31668 person-years follow-up, 213 deaths from all causes occurred, where 68 deaths were among smokers (13.2%), and 452 were among non-smokers (6.3%). Smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ration, AHR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.12– 2.97). These associations remained significant after excluding mortalities in the first two years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Daily smoking is associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause death. Behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions should be intensified among smokers to reduce the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Li Lim
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Yong Kang Cheah
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Lim
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Incidence Trends of Cancer in Morocco: The Tale of the Oncological Center of Marrakech (Morocco) over 8 Years. J Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 2022:3307194. [PMID: 35265131 PMCID: PMC8901288 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3307194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining cancer incidence and mortality is a key factor in the implementation of health policies and cancer prevention strategies. This report aims to describe the trends of cancer incidence in a single referral oncology department from the Marrakech region (Morocco). Material and Methods. All new cancer cases of age ≥ 15 years registered at the Medical Oncology department of Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019, were included. Central nervous system (CNS) cancers, tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, and thyroid cancers for which chemotherapy was not indicated or was managed in other cancer-specialized departments were excluded from the analysis. Manual data collection from printed archived medical records of the study population was performed. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using R software and Joinpoint Regression Program. Results A total of 15648 new cancer cases were analyzed. Missing data (n = 1822) accounted for 11.64%, and 4.1% (n = 652) were excluded. The final statistical analysis and registration included 13174 cases. The median age at diagnosis is 54 years for females and 61 years for males. Female patients outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.58 among all age groups except those aged ≥75 y. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for all sites was 68,0 per 100.000 person-years, which has increased with an annual percent change (APC) of 10.61%. The five most common malignancies among males are lung, stomach, prostate, colic, and rectal cancers. Among females, the five most frequent cancers are breast, cervix, ovary, colon, and stomach. Conclusion The higher incidence observed in our results translates into a growing burden on the center and is expected to impact our ability to deliver cancer care. Epidemiological studies to identify risk factors and effective efforts are needed to further invest in cancer control and prevention plans.
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Holipah H, Sulistomo HW, Maharani A. Tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality in Indonesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242558. [PMID: 33259522 PMCID: PMC7707492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is well known as a risk factor for early morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the relative risk of mortality and the effects of smoking vary among the countries. Indonesia, as one of the world's largest market for smoking tobacco, is significantly affected by tobacco-related illness. Previous research has shown that smoking causes several diseases, including stroke, neoplasm and coronary heart disease. There has to date been no research on the hazard risk of smoking for all-cause mortality in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the association between smoking and all-cause mortality rates in Indonesia. Information from a total of 3,353 respondents aged 40 years and older was collected in this study. The data were taken from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) Wave 4 (2007) to collect personal information and determine smoking status and from Wave 5 (2015) to collect information about deaths. Current smokers make up 40.3% of Indonesia's population. Current smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.98) than non-current smokers. The number of smokers in Indonesia remains high and is expected to increase gradually every year. A firm government policy is needed to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia which would automatically reduce the health problem of smoking-related illness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holipah Holipah
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Obtel M, Lyoussi B, Tachfouti N, Pelissier SM, Nejjari C. Using surveillance data to understand cancer trends: an overview in Morocco. Arch Public Health 2015; 73:45. [PMID: 26528393 PMCID: PMC4629314 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to use the existing surveillance data sources of cancer in Morocco that could be used to better describe cancer mortality and incidence trends in Morocco. METHODS National incidence data were derived from population-based cancer registries. Mortality data were collected from the international GLOBOCAN database. RESULTS An overview of the main results was presented. In general, the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men are lung and prostates whereas in women, breast and cervical cancers are the pre-dominant cancers. Fifty nine percent and of breast and 65.7 % of cervical cancers in women are diagnosed at stages II and III. Cancer remains the second highest cause of mortality in Morocco. CONCLUSION The data provides a description of the cancer incidence and trends in the Moroccan population. The Moroccan national cancer program should aim for more coherent, consistent and comparable incidence data between different cancer registries in the country, and develop uniform datasets with respect to quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Obtel
- />Directorate of Epidemiology and Diseases Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - B. Lyoussi
- />Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - N. Tachfouti
- />Departement of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco
| | - S. Mathoulin Pelissier
- />Axe Cancer, INSERM 897 ISPED, Bordeaux, France
- />Unit of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France
- />University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Nejjari
- />Departement of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco
- />Public Health School, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
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