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Shrivastava SR, Bobhate P, Umate R. Overcoming Obstacles to Streamline the Implementation of Cartoon-Based Learning in Medical Schools. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S2947-S2949. [PMID: 39346469 PMCID: PMC11426696 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1258_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of cartoons in medical education can facilitate the learning process among medical students. This can be attributed to the active engagement, joyful learning experience, and encouragement of critical thinking among medical students. A number of factors must be given due attention to ensure that cartoons can facilitate the learning process among medical students. Thus, there is an immense need to identify the potential challenges that can impact the planning and implementation process and adopt a comprehensive approach to overcome them and thereby facilitate learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava
- Deputy Director (Research and Development), Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Nagpur, Off Campus, Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Off-Campus Centre of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Hingna Road, Wanadongri, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prateek Bobhate
- Additional Professor, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijaypur, Jammu, India
| | - Roshan Umate
- Research Consultant, Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Mationg MLS, Williams GM, Tallo VL, Olveda RM, McManus DP, Stewart DE, Gray DJ. A review of health education activities targeting schoolchildren for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Southeast Asia, with emphasis upon the Magic Glasses approach. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 123:1-22. [PMID: 38448146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths continue to be a serious problem causing disease and morbidity globally. Children, mostly school-aged, are more at risk of these infections. The main strategy for control remains to be the mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelminthic drugs. With the limitation of MDA to prevent re-infection, the need for additional approaches such as hygiene education and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure are required. Although the importance of health education as a crucial component of an integrated approaches to STH control is highlighted, this component has often been disregarded because the other more complex solutions have been the focus of most studies and programmes. We performed literature searches from four bibliographic databases - Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library - to determine availability of studies on the impact of health education interventions targeting STH infections on schoolchildren in Southeast Asia. Our review found only three studies that evaluated health education interventions targeting children. The current lack of evidence in this area suggests the need for more studies assessing the impact of health education intervention for STH control. A successful health education programme for STH called "The Magic Glasses" has been developed targeting schoolchildren in China and the Philippines. This public health intervention displayed significant impact in terms of improving knowledge, attitude and practices, reducing prevalence of STH infections in schoolchildren and encouraging compliance to MDA. This article details the successes and benefits of the Magic Glasses programme as a promising control tool for STH in the Southeast Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lorraine S Mationg
- National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald E Stewart
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith Health, Griffith University
| | - Darren J Gray
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane.
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Kong X, Yan G, Li Y, Bu C, Zhang B. The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and its influential factors in Shandong Province, China: an analysis of surveillance data from 2016 to 2020. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37217956 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) were previously endemic in Shandong Province, China. This study aimed to analyze the STHs prevalence trend and the natural, social, and human cognitive and behavioural factors influencing the discrepancies between high and low infection levels from 2016 to 2020 in Shandong Province in eastern China. METHODS STHs surveillance data of Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020 were obtained from China Information Management System for Prevention and Control of Parasitic Diseases. STHs infections were detected by modified Kato-Katz method. Comprehensive information on the natural and social factors, STHs-related knowledge and behaviours were collected through questionnaire surveys. Retrospective spatial scan analysis was performed using SaTScan v10.1 to evaluate any identified spatial clusters of STHs infection for statistical significance and Bayes discriminant analysis was used to discriminate the high or low infection groups of the villages. RESULTS In total, 72,160 participants were involved in our survey from 2016 to 2020. The overall STHs prevalence rate was 1.13%, with the eastern region of Shandong Province having the highest rate (2.02%). The predominant species was T. trichiura, with the prevalence rate of 0.99% and the ≥ 70-year age group possessed the highest rate of 2.21%. The STHs prevalence rate showed an annual linear downward trend from 2016 to 2020 ([Formula: see text] = 127.600, P < 0.001). Respondents aged ≥ 60 years had the lowest awareness level of STHs-related prevention knowledge (all P < 0.05), and were the most likely to adopt the practice of fertilizing with fresh stool (χ2 = 28.354, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the southern region demonstrated the highest temperature and rainfall level and the lowest GNP and annual net income per capita (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a remarkable declining in STHs prevalence in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020. However, the prevalence rates of STHs especially T. trichiura in the southern and eastern regions were still high, and the elderly were more susceptible to be infected with STHs owning to their low awareness level of STHS-related prevention knowledge and high adoption rate of dangerous production and living behaviours. Integrated approaches of health education, environment improvement and behaviour change should be strengthened to obtain a further reduction of STHs prevalence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Kong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yan
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Bu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Benguang Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.11 Taibai Middle Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Porcu F, Cantacessi C, Dessì G, Sini MF, Ahmed F, Cavallo L, Nonnis F, Gibson K, Varcasia C, Joanny G, Scala A, Tamponi C, Varcasia A. 'Fight the parasite': raising awareness of cystic echinococcosis in primary school children in endemic countries. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:449. [PMID: 36461072 PMCID: PMC9717558 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonosis and a significant economic concern and cause of morbidity in humans. A scarcity of education on the sources of CE infection and containment measures is considered to be a key factor responsible for persistent transmission within communities. Recently, edutainment approaches have captured the attention of health education (HE) professionals due to the benefits of integrating cognitive and emotional learning processes. METHODS A study was carried out in Sardinia, Italy, between 2020 and 2022, amid the SARS-Covid-19 pandemic. The project, designed to involve primary school children (via remote or face-to-face learning depending on the evolving Covid-19 containment measures) consisted of four distinct phases: (i) creation of material for school children and teachers focused on cystic echinococcosis; (ii) pre-intervention evaluation of CE knowledge (i.e. True False Don't Know [TFD] pre-intervention questionnaire based on CE-related knowledge and practices); (iii) edutainment activity (e.g. interactive lessons enhanced by the comic booklet and the "Fight the parasite" cartoon video, hands-on educational activities and drawing activities on CE); and (iv) post-intervention evaluation of CE knowledge (via TFD post-intervention questionnaire [same questionnaire as used for the pre-intervention assessment] on CE-related knowledge and practices) and on-site edutainment tour in primary schools taking part to the project. RESULTS The percentage of correct answers increased from 65% for the questionnaire administered pre-intervention to 87.9% for the same questionnaire administered post-intervention (χ2 = 648.12, df = 1, P < 0.0001), while the percentage of uncertain answers (i.e. 'I don't know') decreased from 23% pre-intervention to 5% post-intervention (χ2 = 603.44, df = 1, P < 0.0001). These differences indicate a significantly enhanced understanding of CE among participating school children after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present survey indicate that the use of digital educational tools, the use of video animations as a model for science communication, as well as other participatory teaching methods, enabled children to retain key knowledge of the routes of CE transmission and ways to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Porcu
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Sini
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lia Cavallo
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Nonnis
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Katherine Gibson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cecilia Varcasia
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Free University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Gaelle Joanny
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- grid.11450.310000 0001 2097 9138Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Mationg MLS, Williams GM, Tallo VL, Olveda RM, Aung E, Alday P, Reñosa MD, Daga CM, Landicho J, Demonteverde MP, Santos ED, Bravo TA, Bieri FA, Bedford A, Li Y, Clements ACA, Steinmann P, Halton K, Stewart DE, McManus DP, Gray DJ. "The Magic Glasses Philippines": a cluster randomised controlled trial of a health education package for the prevention of intestinal worm infections in schoolchildren. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 18:100312. [PMID: 35024651 PMCID: PMC8671727 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) cause substantial disease and disability globally. Health education has proven complementary to school-based drug administration programs for STH control. We determined the generalizability of the impact of "The Magic Glasses" health education package for STH prevention in schoolchildren in Laguna province, the Philippines, having previously shown its positive impact in China. METHODS We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial, in schoolchildren, aged 9-10 years, across 40 schools over one year. Schools were randomly assigned either to the "Magic Glasses Philippines" health education intervention package (consisting of a cartoon video, classroom discussions, drawing and essay competition) complementing the standard health education activities of the Philippines Departments of Health and Education, or to a control group, which involved only the standard health education activities. The primary trial outcomes were the proportion of STH infected schoolchildren and their knowledge, attitude and behaviour of STH assessed in both groups at baseline and through two follow-up surveys undertaken immediately prior to the semi-annual national mass administration of albendazole. The outcomes between the study arms were compared using generalized estimating equation models, accounting for clustering at the school level. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12616000508471. FINDINGS At follow-up assessments, the mean knowledge and behaviour scores in the intervention group were, respectively, 5·3 (95% confidence interval [CI]:4·2-6·5; p=<0.001) and 1·1 (95% CI: 0·4-1·7; p=0.002) percentage points higher than the control group. There was no overall effect on helminth infections (any STH; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:1·0; 95% CI: 0·8-1·3; p=0·856), Ascaris lumbricoides; aOR:1·0; 95% CI: 0·7-1·6; p=0·894, or Trichuris trichiura; aOR:1·7; 95% CI: 0·9-1·6; p=0·315) but sub-group analysis showed a 60% reduction in the odds of any STH infection resulting from the "Magic Glasses" intervention in schools with a baseline prevalence ≤15% (aOR: 0·4; 95% CI: 0·2-0·7; p=0·001). INTERPRETATION The health-education package demonstrated a modest but statistically significant impact on the students' overall STH knowledge and changes in their behaviour but was only effective in preventing STH infections in intervention schools where the baseline prevalence was ≤15%. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, and the UBS-Optimus Foundation, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lorraine S Mationg
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eindra Aung
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Portia Alday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Donald Reñosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chona Mae Daga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jhoys Landicho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Paz Demonteverde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eunice Diane Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Thea Andrea Bravo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Franziska Angly Bieri
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew Bedford
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake Region, Yueyang, China
| | | | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kate Halton
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald E Stewart
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Rogers MJ, McManus DP, Muhi S, Gordon CA. Membrane Technology for Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032920. [PMID: 34378956 PMCID: PMC8404699 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00329-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over one billion people worldwide, with individuals from communities in low-socioeconomic areas being most at risk and suffering the most. Disease management programs are hindered by the lack of infrastructure and resources for clinical sample collection, storage, and transport and a dearth of sensitive diagnostic methods that are inexpensive as well as accurate. Many diagnostic tests and tools have been developed for the parasitic NTDs, but the collection and storage of clinical samples for molecular and immunological diagnosis can be expensive due to storage, transport, and reagent costs, making these procedures untenable in most areas of endemicity. The application of membrane technology, which involves the use of specific membranes for either sample collection and storage or diagnostic procedures, can streamline this process, allowing for long-term sample storage at room temperature. Membrane technology can be used in serology-based diagnostic assays and for nucleic acid purification prior to molecular analysis. This facilitates the development of relatively simple and rapid procedures, although some of these methods, mainly due to costs, lack accessibility in low-socioeconomic regions of endemicity. New immunological procedures and nucleic acid storage, purification, and diagnostics protocols that are simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective must be developed as countries progress control efforts toward the elimination of the parasitic NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Rogers
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Muhi
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Liu X, Wu M, Liu Y, Li J, Yang D, Jiang L. Foodborne Parasites Dominate Current Parasitic Infections in Hunan Province, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:774980. [PMID: 34722349 PMCID: PMC8551805 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of human parasitic diseases in China over the past six decades, but parasitic diseases are still one of the most serious public health problems in the world. The specific prevalence of parasitic diseases varies in different provinces due to their geographical environment and the dietary habits of people. In this study, a total of 4,428 patients suspected to have parasitic infection by clinicians or themselves from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020 were recommended to our laboratory for further testing. In total, 5,246 samples including fecal, blood, and other body fluids were detected by etiological and immunological methods. Approximately 15.20% (673/4,428) of all suspected patients were infected by at least one species of parasite, and the overall positive rate of suspected patients from Hunan Province was 15.10% (594/3,933). A total of 18 species of parasites, namely, nematodes (4 species), trematodes (5 species), cestodes (4 species), protozoa (2 species), and medical arthropods (3 species), and 3 of them were imported parasites outside of Hunan Province. There are 9 species of foodborne parasites, accounting for 89.92% (464/516) of patients infected by one species of parasite. Common parasites in Hunan Province include plerocercoid, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, cysticercus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Schistosoma japonicum. In this study, we found that the incidence of soilborne nematode infections has decreased significantly. However, foodborne parasites gradually become the main parasitic infections as well as multiple infections are becoming more common. Therefore, we should not only continue the prevention and control of soil-derived nematodes but also focus on the prevention and control of foodborne parasites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongqian Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Butala C, Fyfe J, Welburn SC. The Contribution of Community Health Education to Sustainable Control of the Neglected Zoonotic Diseases. Front Public Health 2021; 9:729973. [PMID: 34738003 PMCID: PMC8562424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.729973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and sustainable control of the Neglected Zoonoses (NZDs) demands a One Health approach. NZDs largely impact on individuals in low- and middle-income countries, disproportionally affecting resource poor communities with poor access to veterinary and human health services and to clean water and which are intrinsically dependent on animals for their livelihoods. Many NZDs in humans can be treated, but treatment is often complex and expensive. Similarly, while tools for prevention of transmission may exist, they are complex and expensive to adopt at the scale required to be effective. The cost of intervention for NZDs is high when compared to the public health benefits alone, but costs are easily outweighed by full cross sector analysis and when monetary and non-monetary benefits to all stakeholders are considered. Education is a key tool, often overlooked in favor of more complex solutions for the control of NZDs. Successful education programs have been targeted to children of school age for Taenia solium in Kenya, schistosomiasis in Nigeria, and soil transmitted helminths in China. A Snakes and Ladders board game, designed to teach children about schistosomiasis and encourage compliance with mass deworming programs, deployed in Nigerian schools, showed a 67% increase in knowledge of praziquantel and 65% of children who had previously rejected treatment requested the drug at school. For soil transmitted helminths in China, presentation of health information in cartoon format rather than in poster format, showed post-assessment knowledge to be 90% higher. With the rise in affordable smart-phone technology, internet access and airtime in communities in low- and middle- income countries e-education is an increasingly attractive proposition as an intervention tool for the NZDs. The Vicious Worm, a computer based educational health tool that has been designed around the prevention of Taenia Solium has shown remarkable efficacy in affected communities in which it has been deployed with participants applying the principles learned in their communities. This review explores the successes and benefits of education as a control tool for the NZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Butala
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Fyfe
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kim HK, Kim HK, Kim M, Park S. [Development and Evaluation of Prenatal Education for Environmental Health Behavior Using Cartoon Comics]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:478-488. [PMID: 34497256 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a prenatal program on environmental health behavior using cartoon comics among Korean pregnant women. METHODS This study used a non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. The program used cartoon comics to explore environmental health behaviors during pregnancy. The program consisted of the following four components: environmental toxicants during pregnancy, avoiding particulate matter during pregnancy, environmental toxicants during baby care, and making a healthy environment for children. In total, 35 pregnant women participated in the study: 18 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. Data collection and program adaptation were conducted between November 3, 2020 and January 19, 2021. The effect of the prenatal education program was evaluated by t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Learning experience (t = - 2.35, p = .025), feasibility (t = - 2.46, p = .019), satisfaction (t = - 2.23, p = .032) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group in the first post-test. Feasibility (t = - 2.40, p = .022) was higher in the experimental group than in the control group in the second post-test. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant interactions between time and group in environmental susceptibility (F = 9.31, p < .001), self-efficacy (F = 3.60, p = .033), and community behavior (F = 5.41, p = .007). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the need for a prenatal education program to promote environmental health perceptions and behavior during pregnancy. We suggest a prenatal class adopting the creative cartoon comics to promote the maternal environmental health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea.
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Mirim Kim
- Division of Cartoon & Animation, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Seohwa Park
- Division of Cartoon & Animation, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
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10
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Shimazaki T, Iio M, Uechi H, Takenaka K. Emotional experiences of reading health educational manga encouraging behavioral changes: a non-randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:398-421. [PMID: 34104567 PMCID: PMC8159205 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1921583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Educational health manga are used to promote health behavior change. This study thus seeks to achieve the following objectives: identify the emotional experience of reading educational health manga, understand the effects of facilitating the psychological mediators of behavior change through emotional experiences, and compare the effectiveness of educational health manga with conventional materials. DESIGN A non-randomized controlled trial with six conditions was conducted. Target behaviors were physical activity and healthy diet. Individuals aged 20-69 years (n = 1,680) were assigned three manga intervention conditions and three control conditions (visual image-based, narrative text, and general text material). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were asked about their emotional experience while reading either intervention material or control material and its perceived positive influence on enhancing psychological mediators. RESULTS Four factors relevant to emotional experiences were identified: risk perception, familiarity, satisfaction, and realism. Emotional experience strongly predicted the psychological mediators of behavior change. Analysis of differences among the six conditions revealed that exposure to educational health manga led to greater satisfaction and increased knowledge. Participants assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Those assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. The efficacy of educational health manga in encouraging psychological mediators of change was confirmed.Trial registration: UMIN Japan identifier: UMIN000034369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimazaki
- Department of Health & Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Iio
- College of Nursing, Kanto-Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Uechi
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Takenaka
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Ejike CU, Oluwole AS, Omitola OO, Bayegun AA, Shoneye IY, Akeredolu-Ale BI, Idowu OA, Mafiana CF, Ekpo UF. Schisto and Ladders version 2: a health educational board game to support compliance with school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel - a pilot study. Int Health 2021; 13:281-290. [PMID: 32918827 PMCID: PMC8079310 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We redesigned the Schisto and Ladders health educational board game and evaluated its potential to encourage compliance to school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel. Methods Two hundred and seventy-five children from six schools who rejected praziquantel treatment were divided into intervention and control groups. Before the intervention, preassessment interviews were conducted on their knowledge about praziquantel treatment and schistosomiasis. The Schisto and Ladders version 2 game as an intervention, and the Snakes and Ladders game as a control, were played for 6 mo. Postassessment interviews, including focus group discussions, were conducted. Results At preassessment, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group had heard of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group. Similarly, 0/98 (0.0%) children in the intervention group did not know that praziquantel does not kill compared with 4/177 (2.3%) in the control group. The postassessment showed that 53/78 (67.9%) in the intervention group were aware of praziquantel compared with 2/177 (1.1%) in the control group (p=0.000). Similarly, 53 (69.7%) in the intervention group knew about the safety of praziquantel compared with 0/177 (0.0%) in the control group (p=0.000). Sixty-four children (65.3%) from the intervention group sought praziquantel treatment after the trial. Conclusions Schisto and Ladders version 2 is a useful sensitisation tool with which to encourage compliance to praziquantel treatment in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akinola Stephen Oluwole
- COUNTDOWN implementation research Consortium, Ogun State.,Sightsavers Nigeria Country Office, 1 Golf Course Road, PO Box 503, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Olaitan Olamide Omitola
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Chiedu Felix Mafiana
- Research Administration and Advancement, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Friday Ekpo
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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12
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Qian MB, Gan XQ, Zhao JG, Zheng WJ, Li W, Jiang ZH, Zhu TJ, Zhou XN. Effectiveness of health education in improving knowledge, practice and belief related to clonorchiasis in children. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105436. [PMID: 32278640 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchiasis is caused by the ingestion of raw freshwater fish containing Clonorchis sinensis larvae. Health education is crucial in sustainable control of clonorchiasis but extremely challenging when dealing with adults. To investigate if education in children would be a beneficial long-term approach, a cluster-controlled trial was implemented in two primary schools between 2017 and 2019 in Binyang county, Guangxi, China. A baseline survey was conducted in both schools, and then comprehensive education activities were implemented in the interventional one. Six and 12 months later, all pupils were subjected to a survey to assess the potential change of knowledge, practice and belief related to clonorchiasis. Finally, 247 pupils in interventional school and 151 ones in control were eligible for analysis. In the interventional school, the percentage of pupils with knowledge on transmission route, early symptoms, complications and carcinogenicity increased from 15.0% to 78.5% (p < 0.001), from 6.5% to 36.8% (p < 0.001), from 4.0% to 93.9% (p < 0.001) and from 4.5% to 49.4% (p < 0.001) after 12 months. In this school, 16 pupils (6.5%) had eaten raw freshwater fish during the year immediately before the baseline survey, a number that decreased to 3 (1.2%) (p = 0.002) 12 months later. The percentage of students had the belief on the ability not to eat raw freshwater fish in the future was 70.9% at the baseline and 97.2% 12 months later (p < 0.001). Although knowledge related to clonorchiasis also increased in the control school, the absolute percentage of changes was lower; in particular, practice and belief had not changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025,China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025,China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Gan
- Binyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binyang 530400, China
| | - Jia-Guang Zhao
- Binyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binyang 530400, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zheng
- Binyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binyang 530400, China
| | - Wei Li
- Binyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binyang 530400, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ting-Jun Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025,China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025,China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025,China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025,China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
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13
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Gray DJ, Kurscheid J, Mationg ML, Williams GM, Gordon C, Kelly M, Wangdi K, McManus DP. Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:81. [PMID: 32611385 PMCID: PMC7327200 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults, little is still known about their transmission potential, and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters (i.e. infectious without showing clinical signs of disease), albeit at a lower level than adults. In relation to this, it is somewhat concerning that in many countries children are cared for, or are often in close contact with, older individuals such as grandparents ─ the age group most at risk of acquiring serious respiratory complications resulting in death. MAIN TEXT We emphasise that in the absence of a vaccine or an effective therapeutic drug, preventive measures such as good hygiene practices ─ hand washing, cough etiquette, disinfection of surfaces and social distancing represent the major (in fact only) weapons that we have against COVID-19. Accordingly, we stress that there is a pressing need to develop specific COVID-19 prevention messages for schoolchildren. CONCLUSION An entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren systematically implemented in schools would be highly effective and fill this need. With such measures in place there would be greater confidence around the opening of schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mary Lorraine Mationg
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Gordon
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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14
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Mationg MLS, Williams GM, Tallo VL, Olveda RM, Aung E, Alday P, Reñosa MD, Daga CM, Landicho J, Demonteverde MP, Santos ED, Bravo TA, Angly Bieri FA, Li Y, Clements ACA, Steinmann P, Halton K, Stewart DE, McManus DP, Gray DJ. Determining the Impact of a School-Based Health Education Package for Prevention of Intestinal Worm Infections in the Philippines: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Intervention Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18419. [PMID: 32584263 PMCID: PMC7381005 DOI: 10.2196/18419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Repeated mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelminthics to at-risk populations is still the main strategy for the control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. However, MDA, as a stand-alone intervention, does not prevent reinfection. Accordingly, complementary measures to prevent STH reinfection, such as health education and improved sanitation, as part of an integrated control approach, are required to augment the effectiveness of MDA for optimal efficiency and sustainability. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the impact and generalizability of a school-based health education package entitled The Magic Glasses for STH prevention in the Philippines. Methods We conducted a cluster randomized controlled intervention trial, involving 2020 schoolchildren aged 9-10 years, in 40 schools in Laguna Province, Philippines, to evaluate the impact of the school-based health education package for the prevention of STHs. The trial was conducted over the course of 1 year (June 2016 to July 2017). A total of 20 schools were randomly assigned to the intervention arm, in which The Magic Glasses Philippines health education package was delivered with the standard health education activities endorsed by the Philippines Department of Health (DOH) and the Department of Education (DepEd). The other 20 schools comprised the control arm of the study, where the DOH/DepEd’s standard health education activities were done. At baseline, parasitological assessments and a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey were carried out in all schools. In addition, height, weight, and hemoglobin levels were obtained from each child (after parental consent), and their school attendance and academic performance in English and mathematics were accessed from the school records. The baseline and 2 follow-up surveys were completed using the same study measurements and quality-control assessments. Results Key results from this cluster randomized intervention trial will shed light on the impact that The Magic Glasses health education package will have against STH infections in schoolchildren in the province of Laguna, located on the Island of Luzon, in the Calabarzon Region of the Philippines. Conclusions The results of the trial will be used to assess the generalizability of the impact of The Magic Glasses health education package in different epidemiological and cultural settings, providing evidence for translation of this health education package into public health policy and practice in the Asian region and beyond. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12616000508471; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368849 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18419
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lorraine S Mationg
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eindra Aung
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Portia Alday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Donald Reñosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chona Mae Daga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jhoys Landicho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Paz Demonteverde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eunice Dianne Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Thea Andrea Bravo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Franziska A Angly Bieri
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake Region, Yueyang, China
| | | | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kate Halton
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald E Stewart
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Research School of Population Heath, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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15
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Aya Pastrana N, Lazo-Porras M, Miranda JJ, Beran D, Suggs LS. Social marketing interventions for the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008360. [PMID: 32555705 PMCID: PMC7299328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social marketing is an approach to behavior change that contributes to disease prevention and control. This study aimed to understand how social marketing interventions have addressed neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It examined the characteristics, breadth of coverage, and outcomes of social marketing interventions focused on the prevention and control of these diseases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Studies published in any language between January 1971 and April 2017, targeting at least one of the 17 NTDs prioritized in the World Health Organization (WHO) NTD Roadmap were considered. Included studies had interventions that applied both, at least one core social marketing concept, "social behavioral influence", and one social marketing technique, "integrated intervention mix", described in the Hierarchical Model of Social Marketing. This review is registered with PROSPERO CRD42017063858. Twenty interventions, addressing eight NTDs, met the inclusion criteria. They focused on behaviors related to four of the five WHO public health strategies for NTDs. Most interventions incorporated the concepts "relationship building" and "public / people orientation focus", and the technique "insight-driven segmentation". All the interventions reported changing behavioral determinants such as knowledge, 19 reported behavior change, and four influenced health outcomes. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Evidence from this study shows that social marketing has been successfully used to address behaviors related to most of the five public health strategic interventions for NTDs recommended by the WHO. It is suggested that social marketing interventions for the prevention and control of NTDs be grounded on an understanding of the audience and adapted to the contexts intervened. Building stakeholder relationships as early as possible, and involving the publics could help in reaching NTD outcomes. Elements of the intervention mix should be integrated and mutually supportive. Incorporating health education and capacity building, as well as being culturally appropriate, is also relevant. It is recommended that ongoing discussions to formulate the targets and milestones of the new global Roadmap for NTDs integrate social marketing as an approach to overcome these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Aya Pastrana
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Lazo-Porras
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - David Beran
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health+, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Suzanne Suggs
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health+, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Aya Pastrana N, Somerville C, Suggs LS. The gender responsiveness of social marketing interventions focused on neglected tropical diseases. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1711335. [PMID: 31955668 PMCID: PMC7006634 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1711335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gender is a determinant of health that intersects with other social stratifiers to shape the health and well-being of populations. Despite the recognition of gender in the global health agenda, limited evidence exists about the integration of gender considerations in interventions, including social marketing interventions, for the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases. Social marketing is an ethical approach to behavior change aiming to benefit individuals, communities, and society. Since behaviors are gendered and affect disease transmission and healthcare patterns, one would expect social marketing interventions to be gender responsive.Objective: This study aims to understand the extent to which social marketing interventions focusing on neglected tropical diseases are gender responsive.Methods: This study uses data from social marketing interventions collected in a systematic review, this study examined 20 interventions addressing eight neglected tropical diseases in 13 countries. A modified version of the World Health Organization Gender Assessment Tool (GAT) was used to determine the gender responsiveness of the interventions, which was complemented by coding for intersectional sex and gender data. These results are presented in 12 themes.Results: One schistosomiasis intervention implemented in China was assessed as gender responsive. It was not possible to answer many questions from the GAT due to limited data reported in the publications describing the interventions. Despite this, strengths and limitations were found in all the interventions in relation to the use of sex and gender concepts, the disaggregation of data, the consideration of environmental factors, and the involvement of women or men in the different stages of the interventions.Conclusions: Many interventions showed positive actions towards gender responsiveness. However, only one was classified as gender responsive. Others failed to supply enough data for assessment. Recommendations about how sex and gender could be integrated into social marketing interventions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Aya Pastrana
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claire Somerville
- Gender Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Suzanne Suggs
- BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute for Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health+, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Makata K, Kinung’hi S, Hansen C, Ayieko P, Sichalwe S, Mcharo O, Ensink J, Dreibelbis R, Rockowitz S, Okello E, Grosskurth H, Kapiga S. Hand hygiene intervention to optimize helminth infection control: Design and baseline results of Mikono Safi-An ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in NW Tanzania. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242240. [PMID: 33296365 PMCID: PMC7725373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil transmitted helminths (STH) can affect over 50% of children in some parts of Tanzania. Control measures involve annual deworming campaigns in schools, but re-infection is rapid. This paper presents the design and baseline survey results of an ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in Kagera region, NW Tanzania. The trial aims to determine whether the effect of routine deworming on the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections among school aged children can be sustained when combined with a behaviour change intervention promoting handwashing with water and soap. METHODS As part of the trial, a total of 16 schools were randomised to receive the intervention (N = 8) or as controls (N = 8). Randomisation was stratified per district and restricted to ensure pre-trial STH prevalence was balanced between study arms. The combination intervention to be tested comprises class-room based teacher-led health education, improvement of handwash stations, coloured nudges to facilitate handwashing and parental engagement sessions. The impact evaluation involves two cross-sectional surveys conducted at baseline and endline. The objectives of the baseline survey were: (i) to confirm whether the deworming campaign was successful, and identify and treat students still infected about 2 weeks after deworming, (ii) to document any baseline differences in STH prevalence between trial arms, and (iii) to assess handwashing behaviours, and access to water and sanitation at school and home. We randomly sampled 35 students per class in Grades 1-6 (an average of 200 children per school), stratified to ensure equal representation between genders. Assenting students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and asked to provide a stool specimen. RESULTS Results of the baseline survey conducted about 2 weeks after deworming shows balanced demographic and STH prevalence data across trial arms. We observed a low prevalence of ascariasis (< 5%) as expected; however, the prevalence of trichuriasis was still about 35% in both arms. CONCLUSION The randomisation procedure was successful in achieving a balanced distribution of demographic characteristics and helminth infections between trial arms. The intervention is being rolled out. The current deworming treatment regimen may need to be revised with regards to the treatment of trichuriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Hansen
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Ayieko
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Onike Mcharo
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jeroen Ensink
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Dreibelbis
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Rockowitz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Heiner Grosskurth
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Impact of the "BALatrine" Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in Central Java, Indonesia: A Pilot Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4040141. [PMID: 31817651 PMCID: PMC6958350 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many latrine campaigns in developing countries fail to be sustained because the introduced latrine is not appropriate to local socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, and there is an inadequate community health education component. We tested a low-cost, locally designed and constructed all-weather latrine (the “BALatrine”), together with community education promoting appropriate hygiene-related behaviour, to determine whether this integrated intervention effectively controlled soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. We undertook a pilot intervention study in two villages in Central Java, Indonesia. The villages were randomly allocated to either control or intervention with the intervention village receiving the BALatrine program and the control village receiving no program. STH-infection status was measured using the faecal flotation diagnostic method, before and eight months after the intervention. Over 8 months, the cumulative incidence of STH infection was significantly lower in the intervention village than in the control village: 13.4% vs. 27.5% (67/244 vs. 38/283, p < 0.001). The intervention was particularly effective among children: cumulative incidence 3.8% (2/53) for the intervention vs. 24.1% (13/54) for the control village (p < 0.001). The integrated BALatrine intervention was associated with a reduced incidence of STH infection. Following on from this pilot study, a large cluster-randomised controlled trial was commenced (ACTRN12613000523707).
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Qian MB, Zhou CH, Zhu HH, Zhu TJ, Huang JL, Chen YD, Zhou XN. Assessment of health education products aimed at controlling and preventing helminthiases in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 30909961 PMCID: PMC6434872 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminthiases have placed a huge burden of disease on the population in China. However, widespread control activities have led to significant achievements. As health education has been widely disseminated and plays an important role in the control and elimination of these diseases, we collected health education products aimed at controlling and preventing helminthiases in China. We analyzed their characteristics and assessed their quality. METHODS Firstly, health education products aimed at controlling and preventing helminthiases were collected from a diverse range of organizations. Secondly, the expert brainstorming and Delphi methods were applied to establish an evaluation system, which was then used to assess the collected products systematically. Those deemed excellent were awarded. Characteristics - including type, source, targeted disease(s), targeted population, and languages - of the collected products and the awarded products were presented here. RESULTS In total, 96 health education products on helminthiases were collected from 53 organizations. Most products belonged to either the graphic design (47) or daily-use (24) category. Seventy were collected from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and 20 from institutes or control stations of parasitic diseases, primarily at the provincial and county levels. Regarding disease targets of the products, 67 focused on a single helminthiasis, 25 on multiple helminthiases, and the remaining four on non-specific diseases. Of the 67 single helminthiasis-focused products, most targeted schistosomiasis (37), followed by echinococcosis (16). The majority of products (79) targeted the general population, while 11 targeted students specifically. Regarding languages, 86 products were only in Chinese, while the other ten were in both Chinese and the minority languages of China. Out of these ten products, one targeted schistosomiasis and the other nine targeted echinococcosis. Thirty-four products were awarded. The characteristics of the awarded products were similar to those of the collected products. CONCLUSIONS A diverse range of health education products have been designed and applied for the prevention and control of helminthiases in China. Many products have good features such as specifying the targeted diseases and populations. However, there are significant gaps in terms of both the quantity and quality of products pertaining to some of the diseases. Experiences from the awarded products could be drawn upon to design more products aimed at a range of different helminthiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang-Hai Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting-Jun Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ji-Lei Huang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying-Dan Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Shadow Puppets and Neglected Diseases (2): A Qualitative Evaluation of a Health Promotion Performance in Rural Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122829. [PMID: 30545057 PMCID: PMC6313519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Performing arts used as a method of spreading health information dates back to the origins of storytelling. However, interventions in developing, non-Western countries typically utilize Western entertainment forms. This qualitative investigation assesses responses to an intervention designed around traditional Javanese shadow puppetry (wayang kulit). Semi-structured interviews provided in-depth responses from a sample (N = 12) of villagers. Responses analyzed both cross-case and within-case, focused on perceptions of the music and storyline, responses to the intervention, and the perceived appropriateness of wayang kulit for disseminating a health message. Wayang kulit was considered to be interesting and easy to remember, but concerns remained regarding the reliability of information provided through the drama. The fusion of traditional and modern music and story elements were perceived positively. Some participants were inspired to improve their hygiene practices, although the lack of motivation, or belief that they were unable to change was noted. The performance was generally received positively in terms of the nature of the intervention, the fusion of traditional and Western music and story elements, as well as the use of wayang kulit to spread health information. The study provides guidance for modifications to the production, prior to scaling up.
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Ejike CU, Oluwole AS, Mogaji HO, Adeniran AA, Alabi OM, Ekpo UF. Development and testing of Schisto and Ladders™, an innovative health educational game for control of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:236. [PMID: 28659195 PMCID: PMC5490240 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in many regions of the world, including Nigeria. Current control strategy involves mass drug administration with praziquantel to the endemic population. To complement and sustain on-going preventive chemotherapy, we developed a health educational game named Schisto and Ladders™ and tested its potential for the control of schistosomiasis among schoolchildren living in Imala-Odo, a highly endemic community near Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods One hundred school children were randomly selected and divided into intervention and control groups through balloting. Their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning schistosomiasis transmission, control and prevention were assessed using structured questionnaires. Schisto and Ladders™ game were given to the intervention group and the popular Snake and Ladders™ game to the control group. Both games were played for 2 months under the supervision of their class teachers. A post-KAP assessment was carried out in both groups, including focus group discussions (FGDs) to investigate knowledge and the impact of the games. Results Knowledge about urinary schistosomiasis and its transmission significantly improved (P = 0.000) in the intervention group (68.0%) compared to the control group (8.0%). FGDs showed that the frequency of visits to dam water also significantly reduced (P = 0.048) in the intervention group (18.0%) compared to the control group (40.0%). There was a significant increase in knowledge regarding risk behaviours, prevention and control of schistosomiasis among the intervention group, but no new knowledge gained in the control group. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of the health education game Schisto and Ladders™ for teaching basic health education and promoting behavioural changes among schoolchildren in endemic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Uchechukwu Ejike
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Akinola Stephen Oluwole
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Hammed Oladeji Mogaji
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adebiyi Abdulhakeem Adeniran
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji Michael Alabi
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Friday Ekpo
- Spatial Parasitology and Health GIS Group, Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
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Wang JL, Li TT, Huang SY, Cong W, Zhu XQ. Major parasitic diseases of poverty in mainland China: perspectives for better control. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:67. [PMID: 27476746 PMCID: PMC4967992 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the prevention, control, and elimination of human parasitic diseases in China in the past 60 years. However, parasitic diseases of poverty remain major causes of morbidity and mortality, and inflict enormous economic costs on societies.In this article, we review the prevalence rates, geographical distributions, epidemic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of parasitic diseases of poverty listed in the first issue of the journal Infectious Diseases of Poverty on 25 October 2012. We also address the challenges facing control of parasitic diseases of poverty and provide suggestions for better control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046 People’s Republic of China
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Chen L, Zhong B, Xu J, Li RZ, Cao CL. Health Education as an Important Component in the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:307-39. [PMID: 27137451 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis control programme in The People's Republic of China had promoted the mass mobilization of health education in various forms, such as films, drama, traditional opera, poems, slogans, posters, exhibits. This paper is trying to review the impacts of those forms on different endemic settings and targeted populations. In the future, health education and health promotion will still be the effective strategy and one of the interventions in the national control programme for schistosomiasis and other infectious diseases, even in the pre- or posttransmission stages. With the social and economic development and improvement of people's living standard, it is necessary to establish a sustainable mechanism, in combination of health education with health guarantee of improving the quality of life, improving the production and living conditions, changing the unhealthy production methods and lifestyle of the residents in the endemic areas, in order to reach the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in The People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R-Z Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - C-L Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
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Zowawi HM, Abedalthagafi M, Mar FA, Almalki T, Kutbi AH, Harris-Brown T, Harbarth S, Balkhy HH, Paterson DL, Hasanain RA. The Potential Role of Social Media Platforms in Community Awareness of Antibiotic Use in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Luxury or Necessity? J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e233. [PMID: 26471079 PMCID: PMC4642378 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health issue. Increasing the awareness of the general public about appropriate antibiotic use is a key factor for combating this issue. Several public media campaigns worldwide have been launched; however, such campaigns can be costly and the outcomes are variable and difficult to assess. Social media platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, are now frequently utilized to address health-related issues. In many geographical locations, such as the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Bahrain), these platforms are becoming increasingly popular. The socioeconomic status of the GCC states and their reliable communication and networking infrastructure has allowed the penetration and scalability of these platforms in the region. This might explain why the Saudi Ministry of Health is using social media platforms alongside various other media platforms in a large-scale public awareness campaign to educate at-risk communities about the recently emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This paper discusses the potential for using social media tools as cost-efficient and mass education platforms to raise awareness of appropriate antibiotic use in the general public and in the medical communities of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Mamoon Zowawi
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
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McManus DP, Bieri FA, Li YS, Williams GM, Yuan LP, Henglin Y, Du ZW, Clements AC, Steinmann P, Raso G, Yap P, Magalhães RJS, Stewart D, Ross AG, Halton K, Zhou XN, Olveda RM, Tallo V, Gray DJ. Health education and the control of intestinal worm infections in China: a new vision. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:344. [PMID: 25060336 PMCID: PMC4117961 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) is associated with poverty, poor hygiene behaviour, lack of clean water and inadequate waste disposal and sanitation. Periodic administration of benzimidazole drugs is the mainstay for global STH control but it does not prevent re-infection, and is unlikely to interrupt transmission as a stand-alone intervention. Findings We reported recently on the development and successful testing in Hunan province, PR China, of a health education package to prevent STH infections in Han Chinese primary school students. We have recently commenced a new trial of the package in the ethnically diverse Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province and the approach is also being tested in West Africa, with further expansion into the Philippines in 2015. Conclusions The work in China illustrates well the direct impact that health education can have in improving knowledge and awareness, and in changing hygiene behaviour. Further, it can provide insight into the public health outcomes of a multi-component integrated control program, where health education prevents re-infection and periodic drug treatment reduces prevalence and morbidity.
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Liu L, Yang GJ, Zhu HR, Yang K, Ai L. Knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practice relating to schistosomiasis in two subtypes of a mountainous region of the People's Republic of China. Infect Dis Poverty 2014; 3:16. [PMID: 24955240 PMCID: PMC4064289 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonica is still endemic in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China) in five provinces of lake and marshland regions and in two provinces of mountainous regions. Studies elucidated that individual and community perception, attitudes towards schistosomiasis, and hygiene behaviors were crucial factors for preventing schistosomiasis. This study sought to assess the knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practices (KAP) relating to schistosomiasis in two subtypes of a mountainous region in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, P.R. China. The study's aim is to make suggestions for establishing more specific and effective control measures for disease transmission and interruption in two subtypes of a mountainous region with low-level infection rates. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 3,000 inhabitants was carried out in the Yongle (plateau basin) and Xinzhuang (plateau canyon) communities of Eryuan County, Yunnan Province in November and December 2011. Stratified cluster random sampling was undertaken using a uniform set of quantitative questionnaires administered by trained assistants. This was further supported with qualitative data from in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted with ten farmers and ten students. All participants were examined for schistosomiasis using both a serological test (indirect hemagglutination assay [IHA]) and a stool examination (Kato-Katz). RESULTS The total schistosomiasis knowledge rate in Yongle (83.4%) was significantly lower than that in Xinzhuang (95.5%). In both communities, among the respondents aged 15 years or below, more than one third didn't know the name, endemic areas, and animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis. The majority of respondents in Eryuan acquired their schistosomiasis knowledge from doctors, followed by handouts and hearing from others. The infection rate was once the highest in Yongle, but is now the highest in Xinzhuang, where there are more risk factors for schistosomiasis, such as frequently grazing cattle, digging vegetables or cutting grass in the field, as well as raising cattle by free grazing. CONCLUSION In short, Eryuan County's overall knowledge rate of schistosomiasis was found to be high. Due to various dominating risk factors, different control strategies should be designed keeping in mind the two different subtypes of endemic areas for schistosomiasis in mountainous regions, namely plateau basins and plateau canyons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, and WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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