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Yang Z, Xie Z, Wang Z, Du Y, Chen S, Wu X, Zhou S, Yi L, Zhang P, Xiang T, He C. Time trends in the incidence of interstitial lung disease across Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 38946174 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The global incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has risen over the past few decades. However, few studies have evaluated the status and incidence trends of ILD in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). This study assesses the trends of ILD incidence across the BRICS with an emphasis on ILD changes from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Incidence rates were estimated by the data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Age-period-cohort modelling was used to estimate the effects on ILD from 1990 to 2019, and the net drift and local drift were calculated. RESULTS In 2019, a total of 11.4 million cases of ILD were reported in the BRICS countries. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of ILD in BRICS showed an upward trend. India consistently reported the highest incidence rate, while China showed the fastest growth rate (107.6%). Russia reported a similar incidence rates for men and women, with a lower age of peak incidence compared to the other four countries. We found the time effect was unfavourable for BRICS in the first decade, especially for Brazil; in China and Brazil, the risk of people born after 1960 has rapidly decreased. CONCLUSION ILD shows a rising incidence in BRICS. with the trends varying based on age and other environmental factors. BRICS should strengthen specific public health approaches and policies for different stages and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Nursing, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Jiangxi Medical Center for Critical Public Health Events, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequan Wang
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunyu Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiuqiang Wu
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Zhou
- Accident and Emergency Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linxia Yi
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Infection Control, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhu He
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Rodríguez-Nieto MJ, Cano-Jiménez E, Romero Ortiz AD, Villar A, Morros M, Ramon A, Armengol S. Economic Burden of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Spain: A Prospective Real-World Data Study (OASIS Study). PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023:10.1007/s40273-023-01278-3. [PMID: 37249823 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease associated with dyspnoea, cough and impaired quality of life affecting around 7500 patients in Spain. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to estimate the economic impact of IPF according to forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted level in adult patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational, multicentric study of patients with confirmed IPF in Spain. Total annual IPF-related costs were estimated per patient, and categorised according to the FVC% predicted value (FVC < 50%, FVC 50-80%, FVC > 80%) and total sample. Incurred direct health- and non-health-related costs and indirect costs were calculated considering the IPF-related healthcare resource use and the corresponding unitarian costs. Results were updated to 2023 euros. RESULTS Two hundred and four consecutive patients with IPF were included: 77% male, average age (standard deviation) 70.8 (7.6) years. At baseline, FVC% was < 50%, 50-80% and > 80% of predicted value in 10.8%, 74.5% and 14.7% of patients, respectively. The final cost-evaluable population included 180 subjects. The mean (standard deviation) total annual IPF-related cost was €26,997 (17,555), with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0002) between groups: €44,412 (33,389) for the FVC < 50%, €25,803 (14,688) for the FVC 50-80% and €23,242 (13,642) for the FVC > 80%. Annual direct health costs had the greatest weight and included pharmacological treatments [€22,324 (13,773)] and hospitalisation days [€1659 (7362)]. 14 patients had ≥ 1 acute exacerbation of IPF during the study; mean total cost of an acute exacerbation of IPF was €10,372. According to the multivariate analysis, an impaired lung function (FVC < 50%) and use of antifibrotic treatment were determinants of cost (p < 0.0001 both). CONCLUSIONS We observed a significantly higher annual IPF-related cost at a lower level of predicted FVC%, the direct cost having the greatest weight to the total costs. Maintaining patients at early disease stages by slowing IPF progression is relevant to reduce the economic impact of IPF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EU PAS register number EUPAS19387 (1 June, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Rodríguez-Nieto
- Servicio de Neumología, IIS-Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERES, Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ana D Romero Ortiz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Villar
- Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alba Ramon
- Boehringer Ingelheim España, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Schimmelpennink MC, Meek DB, Vorselaars ADM, Langezaal LCM, van Moorsel CHM, van der Vis JJ, Veltkamp M, Grutters JC. Characterization of the PF-ILD phenotype in patients with advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:169. [PMID: 35752806 PMCID: PMC9233403 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis causes significant morbidity and can lead to death. Large trials demonstrated efficacy of antifibrotics in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILD), including a few with sarcoidosis. To date, little is known about this progressive fibrosing phenotype in sarcoidosis. Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) may be a useful functional marker to screen for advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis. In this study, we describe a cohort with advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis and we gain insights in the progressive fibrosing phenotype in sarcoidosis. METHODS Patients with sarcoidosis and a DLCO < 50% predicted were included in this retrospective cohort study. First measurement of DLCO < 50% predicted was the baseline. Lung function data, HRCT, pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mortality were collected. Patients with > 10% fibrosis on HRCT meeting the criteria for ILD-progression within 24 months were labelled as PF-ILD. With Cox-regression analysis predictors of mortality were established. RESULTS 106 patients with a DLCO < 50% predicted were included. Evolution of forced vital capacity (FVC) varied widely between patients from - 34% to + 45% after 2 years follow-up, whereas change in DLCO varied between - 11% and + 26%. Fourteen patients (15%) met the PF-ILD criteria, of whom 6 (43%) died within 10 years versus 10 (13%) in the non PF-ILD group (p = 0.006). PH was present 12 (11%), 56 (53%) demonstrated > 10% fibrosis on HRCT. Independent predictors of mortality and lung transplantation in the whole cohort are PH, PF-ILD and UIP-like pattern. CONCLUSION In conclusion, within this group with advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis disease course varied widely from great functional improvement to death. PF-ILD patients had higher mortality rate than the mortality in the overall pulmonary sarcoidosis group. Future research should focus on the addition of antifibrotics in these patients. Trial registration retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Schimmelpennink
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - D B Meek
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Treant Health Care Group, Emmen, Hoogeveen, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands
| | - A D M Vorselaars
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L C M Langezaal
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - C H M van Moorsel
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - J J van der Vis
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - M Veltkamp
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Grutters
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cost-effectiveness of the anti-fibrotics for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United States. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35000589 PMCID: PMC8744245 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-fibrotic medications nintedanib and pirfenidone were approved in the United States for use in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis several years ago. While there is a growing body of evidence surrounding their clinical effectiveness, these medications are quite expensive and no prior cost-effectiveness analysis has been performed in the United States. Methods A previously published Markov model performed in the United Kingdom was replicated using United States data to project the lifetime costs and health benefits of treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with: (1) symptom management; (2) pirfenidone; or (3) nintedanib. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, strategies were ranked by increasing costs and then checked for dominating treatment strategies. Then an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated for the dominant therapy. Results The anti-fibrotic medications were found to cost more than $110,000 per year compared to $12,291 annually for symptom management. While pirfenidone was slightly more expensive than nintedanib and provided the same amount of benefit, neither medication was found to be cost-effective in this U.S.-based analysis, with an average cost of $1.6 million to gain one additional quality-adjusted life year over symptom management. Conclusions Though the anti-fibrotics remain the only effective treatment option for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the data surrounding their clinical effectiveness continues to grow, they are not considered cost-effective treatment strategies in the United States due to their high price.
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Gagliardi M, Berg DV, Heylen CE, Koenig S, Hoton D, Tamirou F, Pieters T, Ghaye B, Froidure A. Real-life prevalence of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23988. [PMID: 34907290 PMCID: PMC8671400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) has recently emerged. However, real-life proportion of PF-ILDs outside IPF is still hard to evaluate. Therefore, we sought to estimate the proportion of PF-ILD in our ILD cohort. We also determined the proportion of ILD subtypes within PF-ILD and investigated factors associated with PF-ILDs. Finally, we quantified interobserver agreement between radiologists for the assessment of fibrosis. We reviewed the files of ILD patients discussed in multidisciplinary discussion between January 1st 2017 and December 31st 2019. Clinical data, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCTs) were centrally reviewed. Fibrosis was defined as the presence of traction bronchiectasis, reticulations with/out honeycombing. Progression was defined as a relative forced vital capacity (FVC) decline of ≥ 10% in ≤ 24 months or 5% < FVC decline < 10% and progression of fibrosis on HRCT in ≤ 24 months. 464 consecutive ILD patients were included. 105 had a diagnosis of IPF (23%). Most frequent non-IPF ILD were connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated ILD (22%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (13%), unclassifiable ILD (10%) and sarcoidosis (8%). Features of fibrosis were common (82% of CTD-ILD, 81% of HP, 95% of uILD). After review of HRCTs and PFTs, 68 patients (19% of non-IPF ILD) had a PF-ILD according to our criteria. Interobserver agreement for fibrosis between radiologists was excellent (Cohen’s kappa 0.86). The main diagnosis among PF-ILD were CTD-ILD (36%), HP (22%) and uILD (20%). PF-ILD patients were significantly older than non-F-ILD (P = 0.0005). PF-ILDs represent about 20% of ILDs outside IPF. This provides an estimation of the proportion of patients who might benefit from antifibrotics. Interobserver agreement between radiologists for the diagnosis of fibrotic ILD is excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Gagliardi
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Damienne Vande Berg
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles-Edouard Heylen
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sandra Koenig
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Delphine Hoton
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Farah Tamirou
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Thierry Pieters
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Benoit Ghaye
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Varpe BD, Kulkarni AA, Jadhav SB, Mali AS, Jadhav SY. Isatin Hybrids and Their Pharmacological Investigations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1182-1225. [PMID: 33302835 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201209213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is an important strategy to design molecules that can be effectively used to treat fatal diseases known to mankind. Molecular hybrids and their pharmacological investigations aided in discovering several potent isatin (Indole 2, 3 dione) derivatives with anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Indole-2,3-dione and their derivatives have diverse pharmacological properties and have a prominent role in the discovery of new drugs. To understand the various approaches for designing new molecules based on isatin nucleus analysis of various pharmacophore hybrids, spacers/linkers between pharmacophores and isatin for hybridization and their biological activities are important. This review discusses the progress in developing isatin hybrids as biologically effective agents and their crucial aspects of design and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja B Jadhav
- PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil S Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravan Y Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, DBF Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 413002, Maharashtra, India
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Clinical Improvement and Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A BRIEF ANALYTICAL REVIEW. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2020; 41:52-57. [PMID: 33186196 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease associated with high mortality rates and poor clinical condition. Exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation (EBPR) has been demonstrated to be effective in improving 6-min walk distance (6MWD), although the clinical improvement and effectiveness are less characterized. The current review examined the existing evidence of EBPR among patients with IPF and aimed to analyze the effect of EBPR on clinical improvement and effectiveness. METHODS A systematic databases search (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) was conducted for available publications as of January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs examining the effect of EBPR in patients with IPF were reviewed. Mean difference for RCTs and weighted mean difference for meta-analyses between the EBPR arm and the usual-care arm in 6MWD were compared with the established minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 30 m. Clinical improvement following EBPR was determined when mean difference and weighted mean difference were equal or exceeding the MCID. Effectiveness of EBPR was assessed using the number needed to treat (NNT) analysis. RESULTS Five independent RCTs (including 21-61 patients/study) and five meta-analyses (including two to five studies with 62-169 patients/meta-analysis) were included. The mean difference of 6MWD ranged from 16-81 m in RCTs. Three of five RCTs demonstrated an average improvement that meets or exceeds the MCID. Two RCTs showed favorable improvement in 6MWD but did not reach the MCID. The weighted mean difference of 6MWD ranged from 27-49 m in the meta-analyses. Four of five meta-analyses showed an average improvement that meets or exceeds the MCID. One early meta-analysis of only two RCTs showed significant improvement, although did not reach the MCID. The NNT in three RCTs and four meta-analyses that met clinical improvement in 6MWD was one. CONCLUSIONS This review provides novel evidence with respect to clinical improvement and high effectiveness of EBPR among patients with IPF. The results suggest that, on average, the majority of patients would be expected to clinically improve by completing the EBPR program. The findings further support the prescription of EBPR as clinically effective therapy and implementation as standard of care for patients with IPF. Future studies examining clinical improvement and effectiveness utilizing additional outcomes with the MCID are warranted.
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Rinciog C, Diamantopoulos A, Gentilini A, Bondue B, Dahlqvist C, Froidure A, Wuyts WA, Soulard S. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nintedanib Versus Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Belgium. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2020; 4:449-458. [PMID: 31939146 PMCID: PMC7426351 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-019-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib (Ofev®) and pirfenidone (Esbriet®) are recommended by international guidelines as treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). OBJECTIVES To compare the cost-effectiveness of nintedanib with that of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPF from a Belgian healthcare payer perspective. METHODS The economic analysis used a Markov model that calculated outcomes over patient lifetime. Overall survival was assumed to be the same for the two comparators. Data from a network meta-analysis were used for loss of lung function, acute exacerbation events, safety and treatment discontinuation (for any reason). The health-state utility estimates in the model were calculated from EQ-5D scores collected in nintedanib studies. The assumed resource use for background care was also based on patient-level data that were categorised to fit the health states in the model and synthesised with costs and tariffs from Belgian national databases. RESULTS Treatment with nintedanib resulted in an estimated total cost of €102,315, which was less than the total cost of treatment with pirfenidone (€113,313). Given the similarities in the survival and progression outcomes obtained with nintedanib and pirfenidone, the model predicted near equivalence in total QALYs (3.353 QALYs for the nintedanib arm and 3.318 for the pirfenidone arm). Results were largely driven by model assumptions underlying mortality, acute exacerbations and treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS After performing a synthesis of the most recently published evidence for IPF patients and assuming a Belgian healthcare payer perspective, we found nintedanib to be more cost-saving than pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rinciog
- Symmetron Limited, 8 Devonshire Square, London, UK.
| | | | - A Gentilini
- Symmetron Limited, 8 Devonshire Square, London, UK
| | - B Bondue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Dahlqvist
- Department of Pneumology, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - A Froidure
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - W A Wuyts
- Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - S Soulard
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alyami RM, Alhowikan AM, Alharbi AR, AL-Nafisah G. Impact of supervised exercise training on pulmonary function parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin Biomarker in Interstitial lung disease patients. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1089-1095. [PMID: 32704295 PMCID: PMC7372690 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of supervised exercise training (SET) on pulmonary function Parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin biomarker in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients. METHODS Ten (10)patients with ILD and 18 healthy controls of age between 30-40+ years were selected for 8-week SET program. Before and after SET all subjects performed exercise capacity six minutes' walk test (6MWT), heart rate (HR) changes were recorded, shortness of Breath Respiratory Questionnaire (SOBQ) was obtained and Irisin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This interventional study was carried out at Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2018 to February 2019. RESULTS Mean six minutes' walk distance (6MWD) was 395 ± 68.4 m at 1st visit increased significantly (p=0.001) to 458.8± 87.1 mat 15 visit. However, 6MWD values found significantly higher in controls (517.4±84.1 m; 561.7±81.6 m; p=0.013) than ILD patients. Overall change (difference between post and pre exercise) in HRvalue was recorded lower in ILD patients (30-35 bpm) as compared to controls (40-45 bpm). Moreover, ILD patients had overall higher SOBQ score than controls. Pre SET Irisin levels of ILD patients (4.24 ±1.73 pg/ml) and controls (3.43 ±1.04pg/ml) were found unchanged dafter SET (4.48±2.02pg/ml, 3.39 ±1.41pg/ml, p=0.677, p=0.093)respectively. However, patients Irisin values were found higher as compared to controls before and after SET. CONCLUSION Exercise capacity and Dyspneain patients with ILD were improved after 8-week of SET program. No major changes in Irisin levels among patients with ILD and controls were observed. Additional research requires to be carried out on large number of subjects to deter Minutese the advantages of exercise in ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mohammad Alyami
- Rahma Mohammad Alyami, MS. College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan
- Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan, PhD. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Rashed Alharbi
- Abdullah Rashed Alharbi, MBBS. Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada AL-Nafisah
- Ghada AL-Nafisah, MS. Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Baddini-Martinez J, Ferreira J, Tanni S, Alves LR, Cabral Junior BF, Carvalho CRR, Cezare TJ, Costa CHD, Gazzana MB, Jezler S, Kairalla RA, Kawano-Dourado L, Lima MS, Mancuzo E, Moreira MAC, Rodrigues MP, Rodrigues SCS, Rubin AS, Rufino RL, Steidle LJM, Storrer K, Baldi BG. Brazilian guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Official document of the Brazilian Thoracic Association based on the GRADE methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 46:e20190423. [PMID: 32130337 PMCID: PMC7462709 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20190423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown cause, which predominantly affects elderly men who are current or former smokers. Even though it is an uncommon disease, it is of great importance because of its severity and poor prognosis. In recent decades, several pharmacological treatment modalities have been investigated for the treatment of this disease, and the classic concepts have therefore been revised. The purpose of these guidelines was to define evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of IPF in Brazil. We sought to provide guidance on the practical issues faced by clinicians in their daily lives. Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO)-style questions were formulated to address aspects related to the use of corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine, gastroesophageal reflux medications, endothelin-receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, pirfenidone, and nintedanib. To formulate the PICO questions, a group of Brazilian specialists working in the area was assembled and an extensive review of the literature on the subject was carried out. Previously published systematic reviews with meta-analyses were analyzed for the strength of the compiled evidence, and, on that basis, recommendations were developed by employing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The authors believe that the present document represents an important advance to be incorporated in the approach to patients with IPF, aiming mainly to improve its management, and can become an auxiliary tool for defining public policies related to IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Baddini-Martinez
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP) Brasil.,. Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Juliana Ferreira
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Suzana Tanni
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Botucatu (SP) Brasil
| | - Luis Renato Alves
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP) Brasil
| | | | | | - Talita Jacon Cezare
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Botucatu (SP) Brasil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Jezler
- . Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Eliane Mancuzo
- . Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Adalberto Sperb Rubin
- . Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | | | | | - Karin Storrer
- . Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR - Curitiba (PR) Brasil
| | - Bruno Guedes Baldi
- . Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
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11
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Choice of Methodology Impacts Outcome in Indirect Comparisons of Drugs for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080443. [PMID: 31390809 PMCID: PMC6723644 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic condition leading to lung damage and deterioration in lung function. Following the availability of two new drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, a number of network meta-analyses (NMAs) of randomised controlled trials have been published which have conducted indirect comparisons on the two drugs. Differing recommendations from these studies are potentially confusing to clinicians and decision-makers. We aimed to systematically review published NMAs of IPF treatments, to compare their findings and summarise key recommendations. Materials and Methods: We systematically reviewed (PROSPERO: CRD42017072876) six eligible NMAs and investigated the differences in their findings with respect to key endpoints. We focused on differences in head-to-head comparisons between nintedanib and pirfenidone. Results: The NMAs were broadly consistent, with most differences being explained by model choice, endpoint definitions, inclusion of different studies, different follow-up durations, and access to unpublished data. A substantive difference remained, however, in the change from baseline forced vital capacity (FVC). One NMA favoured nintedanib, another found no statistical difference, whilst others did not conduct the analysis. These differences can be attributed to the choice of methodology, the use of the standardised mean difference (SMD) scale, and population heterogeneity. Conclusions: NMA methods facilitated the comparison of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the absence of a head-to-head trial. However, further work is needed to determine whether the trial populations are homogeneous and whether the SMD is appropriate in this population. Differences in patient characteristics may obscure the difference in treatment effects. To assist decision-makers, an exploration of efficacy in real-world populations may be prudent.
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12
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Chuang HM, Shih TE, Lu KY, Tsai SF, Harn HJ, Ho LI. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Improvement with Target Combination. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1581-1587. [PMID: 29991279 PMCID: PMC6299195 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718787501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the clinical application of new drugs has been shown to be effective in slowing disease progression and improving the quality of life in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the damaged lung tissue does not recover with these drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish regenerative therapy, such as stem cell therapy or tissue engineering. Moreover, the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to be safe in humans with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It seems that a combination of MSC transplantation and pharmaceutical therapy might have additional benefits; however, the experimental design for its efficacy is still lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that were identified when IPF was treated with MSC transplantation or new drugs. To maximize the therapeutic effect, we suggest that MSC transplantation is combined with drug application for synergistic effects. This review provides clinicians and scientists with the most efficient medical options, in the hope that this will spur on future research and lead to an eventual cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Meng Chuang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tina Emily Shih
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lu
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ing Ho
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Diamantopoulos A, Wright E, Vlahopoulou K, Cornic L, Schoof N, Maher TM. The Burden of Illness of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Evidence Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2018; 36:779-807. [PMID: 29492843 PMCID: PMC5999165 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-018-0631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating condition with significant morbidity and poor survival. Since 2010, there has been increased activity in the development of treatments that aim to delay progression of the disease. OBJECTIVE Our study involves a comprehensive review of the literature for evidence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs, and an assessment of the burden of illness of the condition. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify economic evaluations and HRQoL studies. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process for relevant studies from database origins to April 2017. Alongside the presentation of the study characteristics and the available evidence, we carried out a qualitative comparison using reference population estimates for HRQoL and national health expenditure for costs. RESULTS Our search identified a total of 3241 records. After removing duplicates and not relevant articles, we analysed 124 publications referring to 88 studies published between 2000 and 2017. Sixty studies were HRQoL and 28 were studies on costs or HCRU. We observed an exponential growth of publications in the last 3-5 years, with the majority of the studies conducted in Europe and North America. Among the HRQoL studies, and despite regional differences, there was some agreement between estimates on the absolute and relative level of HRQoL for patients with IPF compared with the general population. Regarding costs, after adjustments for the cost years and currency, the suggested annual per capita cost of patients with IPF in North America was estimated around US$20,000, 2.5-3.5 times higher than the national healthcare expenditure. Additionally, studies that analysed patients with IPF alongside a matched control cohort suggested a significant increase in resource use and cost. CONCLUSION The reviewed evidence indicates that IPF has considerable impact on HRQoL, relative to the general population levels. Furthermore, in studies of cost and resource use, most estimates of the burden were consistent in suggesting an excess cost for patients with IPF compared with a control cohort or the national health expenditure. This confirms IPF as a growing threat for public health worldwide, with considerable impact to the patients and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils Schoof
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Zhang Y, Xin Q, Wu Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Wu Q, Niu R. Application of Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) Coupled with Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Quantitative Proteomic Analysis for Discovery of Serum Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4146-4153. [PMID: 29909421 PMCID: PMC6036962 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was performed to explore the presence of informative protein biomarkers of human serum proteome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Material/Methods Serum samples were profiled using iTRAQ coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) technique, and ELISA was used to validate candidate biomarkers. Results A total of 394 proteins were identified and 97 proteins were associated with IPF. Four biomarker candidates generated from iTRAQ experiments – CRP, fibrinogen-α chain, haptoglobin, and kininogen-1 – were successfully verified using ELISA. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that levels of CRP and fibrinogen-α are higher and levels of haptoglobin and kininogen-1 are lower in patients with IPF compared to levels in healthy controls. We found they are useful candidate biomarkers for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Xin
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chaochao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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15
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Hilberg O, Bendstrup E, Ibsen R, Løkke A, Hyldgaard C. Economic consequences of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Denmark. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00045-2017. [PMID: 29850467 PMCID: PMC5968194 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00045-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and carries a poor prognosis. The recent therapeutic achievements have changed the management of the disease [1, 2] and increased the need for health economy evaluations. However, only a few studies have examined the economic consequences of IPF [3, 4]. The aim of the present study was: 1) to evaluate the health economic aspects of IPF in well-characterised patients diagnosed in accordance with the current evidence-based guidelines before the introduction of antifibrotic therapy [5]; and 2) to compare the health-related costs of IPF and matched controls from the general population using prospectively collected data from population-based medical databases in the predominantly tax-financed Danish healthcare system. When a patient is diagnosed with IPF, the net health costs increase from €2753 to €21 184 per year even without the cost of antifibrotic treatment. Inpatient treatment accounts for the main part of the expenseshttp://ow.ly/dSsn30jEx0p
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Hilberg
- Medical Dept, Sygehus Lillebalt Vejle Sygehus, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anders Løkke
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Hyldgaard
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
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16
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Analysis of the Histologic Features Associated With Interobserver Variation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:672-678. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Bouros D, Daniil Z, Papakosta D, Antoniou KM, Markopoulou K, Kolilekas L, Konstantopoulos G, Papiris S. Design, Rationale, Methodology, and Aims of a Greek Prospective Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry: Investigating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Greece (INDULGE IPF). Respiration 2018; 96:41-47. [PMID: 29514162 DOI: 10.1159/000487244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. Despite the fact that the guidelines on the diagnosis and management of the disease were updated in 2015, incorporating novel agents recently introduced in the therapeutic approach of IPF, there is a lack of data on the epidemiology, disease status, and treatment in clinical practice. Contemporary data provided by national registries in IPF provide valuable information to guide clinical management of the disease in the real-world setting, adjusted to the local needs. OBJECTIVE Investigating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Greece (INDULGE IPF) is a Greek observational registry aiming at gaining further knowledge on the characteristics, management, progression, and outcomes of patients with IPF treated under real-world, clinical practice conditions in Greece. METHODS Approximately 300 patients will be enrolled consecutively in seven reference centers, constituting the largest IPF registry ever established in Greece. CONCLUSION This registry is expected to provide data on the characteristics of IPF patients in Greece and the entire clinical management during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes Bouros
- 1st Academic Department of Pneumonology, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest "Sotiria," Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Despoina Papakosta
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Papanikolaou," Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Thoracic Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- NHS Pulmonology Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Papanikolaou,", Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Likurgos Kolilekas
- NHS 7th Pulmonary Department and Asthma Center, Hospital for Diseases of the Chest "Sotiria,", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Spyros Papiris
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Pourgholamhossein F, Rasooli R, Pournamdari M, Pourgholi L, Samareh-Fekri M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Iranpour M, Poursalehi HR, Heidari MR, Mandegary A. Pirfenidone protects against paraquat-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice by modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and gene expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:39-46. [PMID: 29273418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of pirfenidone (PF) in paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Lung injury was induced by injection of PQ (20 mg/kg). Thereafter, mice orally received water and PF (100 and 200 mg/kg) for four weeks. After 28 days, the inflammation and fibrosis were determined in the lungs by analysis of histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count, lung wet/dry weight ratio, hydroxyproline content, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Expression of several genes involved in fibrogenesis and modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, such as TGF-β1, α-SMA, collagen Iα and IV, NOX1, NOX4, iNOS, and GPX1 were determined using RT-qPCR. PF significantly decreased the lung fibrosis and edema, inflammatory cells infiltration, TGF-β1 concentration, and amount of hydroxyproline in the lung tissue. PF dose-dependently improved the expression level of the studied genes to the near normal. Decreasing of lung lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, and increasing of SOD activity in the treated mice were significant compared to the control group. Pirfenidone ameliorate paraquat induced lung injury and fibrosis partly through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, and downregulation of genes encoding for profibrotic cytokines and enzymatic systems for ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Pourgholamhossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Rokhsana Rasooli
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Pournamdari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Leyla Pourgholi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mitra Samareh-Fekri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid-Reza Poursalehi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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19
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Abstract
Objective: To review the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy of nintedanib for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: A literature search was conducted via PubMed using the MeSH term “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis” combined with the key word “nintedanib.” Additional online searches using Google Scholar, Micromedex, and PubMed were performed to obtain prescribing and cost information. Results: One phase II and 2 replicate phase III clinical trials that examined the safety and efficacy of nintedanib for IPF were identified. In patients with IPF, nintedanib was more effective than placebo in slowing the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC). Improvements in mortality, quality of life, and risk of acute exacerbations have not been consistently demonstrated in clinical trials. Diarrhea was the most common adverse effect associated with nintedanib use. Outside of these clinical trials, there are limited data evaluating nintedanib for the treatment of IPF. Conclusions: Nintedanib is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with IPF. Nintedanib slows IPF disease progression by reducing the rate of decline in FVC. Reductions in mortality and acute exacerbations may be present in certain subgroups of patients, but these outcomes require further research. Future studies on nintedanib are needed to explore its use in more advanced stages of IPF, its long-term safety and efficacy, its value in combination with pirfenidone or other therapies for IPF, and its cost-effectiveness in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola Tepede
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dinesh Yogaratnam
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Worcester, MA, USA
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20
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Wapenaar M, Patel AS, Birring SS, Domburg RTV, Bakker EW, Vindigni V, Sköld CM, Cottin V, Vancheri C, Wijsenbeek MS. Translation and validation of the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire in French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch. Chron Respir Dis 2017; 14:140-150. [PMID: 28019103 PMCID: PMC5720224 DOI: 10.1177/1479972316674425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No disease-specific instruments exist in Dutch, French, Italian, and Swedish to measure health status in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) is a 15-item validated questionnaire assessing health status in patients with ILD. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the K-BILD to French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch versions. The K-BILD was translated following a forward-backward multistep procedure and tested in structured patient interviews. Subsequently, 195 outpatients with ILD were asked to complete K-BILD, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and Euroqol EQ-5D-5L (EQ5D), twice, 2 weeks apart. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and repeatability were determined. No major difficulties occurred in the translation processes. The K-BILD was considered comprehensible and relevant by patients. One hundred seventy-six patients (108 IPF and 68 other ILDs) completed the translated K-BILD. Internal consistency was good for all K-BILD modules (Cronbach's α 0.70-0.93). Concurrent validity of K-BILD was strong compared with SGRQ ( r = -0.86) and EQ5D ( r = 0.68), low with transfer capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin ( r = 0.33) and with forced vital capacity ( r = 0.35). The K-BILD and its domains were repeatable over 2 weeks; intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.86-0.93 ( n = 159). Known groups validity showed K-BILD was able to discriminate between patients based on severity of disease. K-BILD's validity and reliability for patients with IPF was similar to that of other ILDs. The French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch translated K-BILD questionnaires were well-received by patients and demonstrated excellent validity comparable to the original English K-BILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Wapenaar
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amit S Patel
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Surinder S Birring
- 3 Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ron T van Domburg
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Wp Bakker
- 5 Division Clinical Methods and Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Virginia Vindigni
- 6 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - C Magnus Sköld
- 7 Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine Solna and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Cottin
- 8 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- 6 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has poor prognosis and effective therapies are scarce. In the search for treatments that can modify the course of the disease, nintedanib (BIBF 1120), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as an alternative. However, its role is still unclear. To answer this question, we searched in Epistemonikos database, which is maintained by screening multiple sources of information. We identified seven systematic reviews including seven randomized trials overall. We extracted data, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. We concluded nintedanib probably decreases the risk of acute exacerbations, and might reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, it is probably not associated with serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jeldres
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile. . Address: Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 476, Santiago Centro, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Proyecto Epistemonikos, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Complejo Asistencial Dr. VÍctor RÍos Ruiz, Los Ángeles, Chile; Programa de Salud Basada en Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Rinciog C, Watkins M, Chang S, Maher TM, LeReun C, Esser D, Diamantopoulos A. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in the UK. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2017; 35:479-491. [PMID: 28039616 PMCID: PMC5357477 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-016-0480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines recommend nintedanib (OFEV®) as an option for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the cost effectiveness of nintedanib versus pirfenidone, N-acetylcysteine and best supportive care (BSC) for the treatment of IPF from a UK payer's perspective. METHODS A Markov model was designed to capture the changes in the condition of adults with IPF. Efficacy outcomes included mortality, lung function decline and acute exacerbations. Treatment safety (serious adverse events) and tolerability (overall discontinuation) were also considered. The baseline risk of these events was derived from patient-level data from the placebo arms of nintedanib clinical trials (TOMORROW, INPULSIS-1, INPULSIS-2). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to estimate the relative effectiveness of the comparator treatments. Quality of life and healthcare resource use data from the clinical trials were also incorporated in the economic model. RESULTS Nintedanib showed statistically significant differences against placebo on acute exacerbation events avoided and lung function decline. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the results were split between two treatments with relative low costs and modest effectiveness (BSC and N-acetylcysteine) and two that showed improved effectiveness (lung function) and higher costs (nintedanib and pirfenidone). All comparators were assumed to have similar projected survival and the difference in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was driven by the acute exacerbations and lung function estimates. In the base-case deterministic pairwise comparison with pirfenidone, nintedanib was found to have fewer acute exacerbations and resulted in less costs and more QALYs gained. CONCLUSIONS Compared with BSC (placebo), nintedanib and pirfenidone were the only treatments to show statistical significance in the efficacy parameters. We found substantial uncertainty in the overall cost-effectiveness results between nintedanib and pirfenidone. N-Acetylcysteine was largely similar to BSC but with a worse survival profile. INPULSIS-1 and INPULSIS-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01335464 and NCT01335477.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Watkins
- Boehringer Ingelheim Limited, Bracknell, UK
| | - S Chang
- Symmetron Limited, Elstree, UK
| | - T M Maher
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C LeReun
- , Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe, France
| | - D Esser
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
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Bauer Y, White ES, de Bernard S, Cornelisse P, Leconte I, Morganti A, Roux S, Nayler O. MMP-7 is a predictive biomarker of disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00074-2016. [PMID: 28435843 PMCID: PMC5395293 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00074-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis, which is characterised by destruction of normal lung architecture and excessive deposition of lung extracellular matrix. The heterogeneity of disease progression in patients with IPF poses significant obstacles to patient care and prevents efficient development of novel therapeutic interventions. Blood biomarkers, reflecting pathobiological processes in the lung, could provide objective evidence of the underlying disease. Longitudinally collected serum samples from the Bosentan Use in Interstitial Lung Disease (BUILD)-3 trial were used to measure four biomarkers (metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), Fas death receptor ligand, osteopontin and procollagen type I C-peptide), to assess their potential prognostic capabilities and to follow changes during disease progression in patients with IPF. In baseline BUILD-3 samples, only MMP-7 showed clearly elevated protein levels compared with samples from healthy controls, and further investigations demonstrated that MMP-7 levels also increased over time. Baseline levels of MMP-7 were able to predict patients who had higher risk of worsening and, notably, baseline levels of MMP-7 could predict changes in FVC as early as month 4. MMP-7 shows potential to be a reliable predictor of lung function decline and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Bauer
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastien Roux
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland.,These authors contributed equally to this research
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Nakazawa A, Cox NS, Holland AE. Current best practice in rehabilitation in interstitial lung disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2017; 11:115-128. [PMID: 28150539 PMCID: PMC5933636 DOI: 10.1177/1753465816676048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of chronic respiratory diseases characterized by dyspnoea on exertion and decline in health-related quality of life (HRQL). People with ILD experience significant exercise limitation with contributors that include ventilatory limitation, impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac function and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is well established in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a means to overcome exercise limitation and improve activity-related dyspnoea. There is increasing evidence for similar effects of PR in people with ILD. This review discusses the evidence for PR in ILD, outlines the essential components of PR in this population, and highlights special considerations for exercise training in people with ILD. Possible future directions for PR research in people with ILD are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Nakazawa
- Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe
University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narelle S. Cox
- Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe
University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Institute for Breathing and
Sleep, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne E. Holland
- La Trobe University & Alfred Health, Level
4, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004,
Australia and Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Identification of Key Cost Generating Events for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. Lung 2016; 195:1-8. [PMID: 27866277 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable, debilitating disease which impairs lung function and eventually leads to death. Currently, there is a lack of effective modifying therapies and treatments for IPF as the underlying epidemiological mechanism is not clearly understood. This leads to difficulty in diagnosing and managing IPF, which results in a high incurment of disease-associated cost. Even though IPF poses a substantial economic burden, there is a lack of research available on cost triggers and healthcare utilization, which can be a barrier to future economic evaluations of new medicines for IPF. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the key cost-generating events of IPF and to gather any related costing information. RESULTS The data showed that the main events triggering high resource use in patients were the symptoms of IPF progression along with comorbidities and lung transplantations. These events result in a high economic impact through the use of medications, health care professionals, and hospital stays. CONCLUSION More research is needed to identify the direct, and indirect, relationships between IPF events and the costs they generate. This would help to further evaluate the area of need for future health technologies and to understand what events should be targeted to reduce the global economic burden of IPF.
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Troy LK, Corte TJ. Therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from pooled data analyses. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:27-30. [PMID: 26721960 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01669-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Troy
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Froidure A, Joannes A, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. New targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from inflammation and immunity to remodeling and repair. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2016.1171140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Trawinska MA, Rupesinghe RD, Hart SP. Patient considerations and drug selection in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:563-74. [PMID: 27114711 PMCID: PMC4833375 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s81144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown cause. Approximately 5,000 people are diagnosed with IPF in the UK every year. People with IPF suffer significant morbidity and, without any curative treatment at present, survival rates remain poor with a median survival of 3 years. While treatment remains largely supportive, many drug therapies have been trialed in IPF over the years. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are newly licensed treatments for IPF and the first drugs to have shown convincing evidence of slowing disease progression. In addition to evaluating clinical evidence, we also discuss elements affecting drug choice from the viewpoint of patients and health care professionals. We discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological aspects of providing best supportive care for patients with IPF. However, few good quality studies exist focusing on controlling symptoms specifically in patients with IPF, and recommendations are often extrapolated from evidence in other chronic diseases. In covering these topics, we hope to provide readers with a comprehensive review of the available evidence pertaining to all aspects of care for patients suffering with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Trawinska
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - Simon P Hart
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, UK
- Hull York Medical School, Academic Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, UK
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Rangarajan S, Locy ML, Luckhardt TR, Thannickal VJ. Targeted Therapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where To Now? Drugs 2016; 76:291-300. [PMID: 26729185 PMCID: PMC4939080 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging-associated, recalcitrant lung disease with historically limited therapeutic options. The recent approval of two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 has heralded a new era in its management. Both drugs have demonstrated efficacy in phase III clinical trials by retarding the rate of progression of IPF; neither drug appears to be able to completely arrest disease progression. Advances in the understanding of IPF pathobiology have led to an unprecedented expansion in the number of potential therapeutic targets. Drugs targeting several of these are under investigation in various stages of clinical development. Here, we provide a brief overview of the drugs that are currently approved and others in phase II clinical trials. Future therapeutic opportunities that target novel pathways, including some that are associated with the biology of aging, are examined. A multi-targeted approach, potentially with combination therapies, and identification of individual patients (or subsets of patients) who may respond more favourably to specific agents are likely to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Morgan L Locy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Tracy R Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA.
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Rochwerg B, Neupane B, Zhang Y, Garcia CC, Raghu G, Richeldi L, Brozek J, Beyene J, Schünemann H. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a network meta-analysis. BMC Med 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 26843176 PMCID: PMC4741055 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments for IPF are limited. Several recent studies have investigated novel therapeutic agents for IPF, but very few have addressed their comparative benefits and harms. METHODS We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the effects of different treatments for IPF on mortality and serious adverse events (SAEs). We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2015. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach served to assess the certainty in the evidence of direct and indirect estimates. We calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each treatment. We included parallel group RCTs, including factorial designs, but excluded quasi-randomized and cross-over trials. Studies were only included if they involved adult (≥18 years of age) patients with IPF as defined by the 2011 criteria and examined one of the 10 interventions of interest (ambrisentan, bosentan, imatinib, macitentan, N-acetylcysteine, nintedanib, pirfenidone, sildenafil, prednisone/azathioprine/N-acetylcysteine triple therapy, and vitamin K antagonist). RESULTS A total of 19 RCTs (5,694 patients) comparing 10 different interventions with placebo and an average follow-up period of 1 year fulfilled the inclusion criteria. SUCRA analysis suggests nintedanib, pirfenidone, and sildenafil are the three treatments with the highest probability of reducing mortality in IPF. Indirect comparison showed no significant difference in mortality between pirfenidone and nintedanib (NMA OR, 1.05; 95% CrI, 0.45-2.78, moderate certainty of evidence), pirenidone and sildenafil (NMA OR, 2.26; 95% CrI, 0.44-13.17, low certainty of evidence), or nintedanib and sildenafil (NMA OR 2.40; 95% CrI, 0.47-14.66, low certainty of evidence). Sildenafil, pirfenidone, and nintedanib were ranked second, fourth, and sixth out of 10 for SAEs. CONCLUSION In the absence of direct comparisons between treatment interventions, this NMA suggests that treatment with nintedanib, pirfenidone, and sildenafil extends survival in patients with IPF. The SAEs of these agents are similar to the other interventions and include mostly dermatologic and gastrointestinal manifestations. Head-to-head comparisons need to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,MacGRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Binod Neupane
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,MacGRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Carlos Cuello Garcia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,MacGRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine), University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Luca Richeldi
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Jan Brozek
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,MacGRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,MacGRADE Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Pirfenidone for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136160. [PMID: 26308723 PMCID: PMC4550327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis. In the last decades pirfenidone an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent has shown benefit in inhibit collagen production and has also demonstrated benefit in decline progression in IPF in physiological outcomes as Forced vital capacity (FVC), in clinical outcomes such as progression free survival (PFS) and a benefit in mortality but no in clinically relevant outcomes as exacerbations or worsening of IPF. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of physiological and clinical outcomes of pirfenidone compared to placebo in IPF. We performed a search with no language restriction. Two researchers performed literature search, quality assessment, data extraction and analysis. And was performed a summary of findings table following the GRADE approach. Results: We included 5 RCTs (Randomized controlled trials) in analysis. The meta-analysis resulted in a decrease in all cause-mortality (RR 0.52 IC 0.32–0.88) and IPF related mortality (RR 0.32 IC 0.14–0.75); other outcomes evaluated were worsening of IPF (RR 0.64 IC 0.50–0.83) and acute exacerbation (RR: 0.72 IC 0.30–1.66 respectively). Also there was a decrease in progression free survival (PFS) (RR 0.83 IC 0.74–0.92) compared to placebo. Conclusions: We observed significant differences in physiologic and clinically relevant outcomes such as reduction in all-cause mortality, IPF related mortality, worsening and exacerbation of IPF and PFS. So pirfenidone treatment should be considered not only for its benefits in pulmonary function tests but also by its clinically relevant outcomes.
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Bendstrup E, Hyldgaard C, Altraja A, Sjåheim T, Myllärniemi M, Gudmundsson G, Sköld M, Hilberg O. Organisation of diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases in the Nordic countries. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:28348. [PMID: 26557259 PMCID: PMC4629764 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in the organisation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in the Nordic countries are not well described. Diagnostic setups, treatment modalities and follow-up plans may vary due to national, cultural and epidemiological features. The aim of the present study was to describe the different organisation of diagnostics and treatment of IPF and ILD in the Nordic countries. Methods All university and regional hospitals with respiratory physicians were invited to respond to a questionnaire collecting data on the number of physicians, nurses, patients with ILD/IPF, the presence of and adherence to disease-specific national and international guidelines, diagnosis and treatment including ILD-specific palliation and rehabilitation programmes. Results Twenty-four university and 22 regional hospitals returned the questionnaire. ILD and IPF incidence varied between 1.4 and 20/100,000 and 0.4 and 10/100,000, respectively. Denmark and Estonia have official national plans for the organisation of ILD. The majority of patients are managed at the university hospitals. The regional hospitals each manage 46 (5–200) patients with ILD and 10 (0–20) patients with IPF. There are from one to four ILD centres in each country with a median of two ILD specialists employed. Specialised ILD nurses are present in nine hospitals. None of the Nordic countries have national guidelines made by health authorities. The respiratory societies in Sweden, Norway and Denmark have developed national guidelines. All hospitals except two use the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT IPF guidelines from 2011. The limited number of ILD specialists, ILD-specialised radiologists and pathologists and the low volume of ILD centres were perceived as bottlenecks for implementation of guidelines. Twenty of the 24 university hospitals have multidisciplinary conferences (MDCs). Pulmonologists and radiologists take part in all MDCs while pathologists only participate at 17 hospitals. Prescription of pirfenidone is performed by all university hospitals except in Estonia. Triple therapy with steroid, azathioprine and N-acetylcysteine is not used. No hospitals have specific palliation programmes for patients with ILD/IPF, but 36 hospitals have the possibility of referring patients for palliative care, mostly based on existing oncology palliative care teams; seven hospitals have rehabilitation programmes for ILD. Conclusion There are obvious differences between the organisations of ILD patients in the Nordic countries. We call for national plans that consider the challenge of cultural and geographical differences and suggest the establishment of national reference centres and satellite collaborative hospitals to enable development of common guidelines for diagnostics, therapy and palliation in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Hyldgaard
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tone Sjåheim
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsingin University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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