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Wang Y, Huang J, Yin X, Xu Q, Sun Y, Yao Y, Xiong J. Development and validation of a 23-gene expression signature for molecular subtyping of medulloblastoma in a long-term Chinese cohort. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:72. [PMID: 38329556 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant brain tumor and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Recent transcriptional studies have shown that medulloblastomas comprise at least four molecular subgroups, each with distinct demographics, genetics, and clinical outcomes. Medulloblastoma subtyping has become critical for subgroup-specific therapies. The use of gene expression assays to determine the molecular subgroup of clinical specimens is a long-awaited application of molecular biology for this pediatric cancer. METHODS In the current study, we established a medulloblastoma transcriptome database of 460 samples retrieved from three published datasets (GSE21140, GSE37382, and GSE37418). With this database, we identified a 23-gene signature that is significantly associated with the medulloblastoma subgroups and achieved a classification accuracy of 95.2%. RESULTS The 23-gene signature was further validated in a long-term cohort of 142 Chinese medulloblastoma patients. The 23-gene signature classified 21 patients as WNT (15%), 41 as SHH (29%), 16 as Group 3 (11%), and 64 as Group 4 (45%). For patients of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, 5-year overall-survival rate reached 80%, 62%, 27%, and 47%, respectively (p < 0.0001), meanwhile 5-year progression-free survival reached 80%, 52%, 27%, and 45%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Besides, SHH/TP53-mutant tumors were associated with worse prognosis compared with SHH/TP53 wild-type tumors and other subgroups. We demonstrated that subgroup assignments by the 23-gene signature and Northcott's NanoString assay were highly comparable with a concordance rate of 96.4%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we present a novel gene signature that is capable of accurately and reliably assigning FFPE medulloblastoma samples to their molecular subgroup, which may serve as an auxiliary tool for medulloblastoma subtyping in the clinic. Future incorporation of this gene signature into prospective clinical trials is warranted to further evaluate its clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Machine Learning and Systems Biology, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Canhelp Genomics Research Center, Canhelp Genomics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 31100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ji Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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2
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Adediwura VA, Miao Y. Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor. Molecules 2023; 29:164. [PMID: 38202747 PMCID: PMC10780249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRGs) play critical roles in the reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. In particular, ADGRG2 plays a significant role in Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation, parathyroid cell function, and male fertility. In 2022, a cryo-EM structure was reported for the active ADGRG2 bound by an optimized peptide agonist IP15 and the Gs protein. The IP15 peptide agonist was also modified to antagonists 4PH-E and 4PH-D with mutations of the 4PH residue to Glu and Asp, respectively. However, experimental structures of inactive antagonist-bound ADGRs remain to be resolved, and the activation mechanism of ADGRs such as ADGRG2 is poorly understood. Here, we applied Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to probe conformational dynamics of the agonist- and antagonist-bound ADGRG2. By performing GaMD simulations, we were able to identify important low-energy conformations of ADGRG2 in the active, intermediate, and inactive states, as well as explore the binding conformations of each peptide. Moreover, our simulations revealed critical peptide-receptor residue interactions during the deactivation of ADGRG2. In conclusion, through GaMD simulations, we uncovered mechanistic insights into peptide (agonist and antagonist) binding and deactivation of the ADGRG2. These findings will potentially facilitate rational design of new peptide modulators of ADGRG2 and other ADGRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Pharmacology and Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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3
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Martins-da-Silva A, Baroni M, Salomão KB, das Chagas PF, Bonfim-Silva R, Geron L, Cruzeiro GAV, da Silva WA, Corrêa CAP, Carlotti CG, de Paula Queiroz RG, Marie SKN, Brandalise SR, Yunes JA, Scrideli CA, Valera ET, Tone LG. Clinical Prognostic Implications of Wnt Hub Genes Expression in Medulloblastoma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:813-826. [PMID: 35366170 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor, and about one-third of patients die due to disease recurrence and most survivors suffer from long-term side effects. MB is clinically, genetically, and epigenetically heterogeneous and subdivided into at least four molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. We evaluated common differentially expressed genes between a Brazilian RNA-seq GSE181293 dataset and microarray GSE85217 dataset cohort of pediatric MB samples using bioinformatics methodology in order to identify hub genes of the molecular subgroups based on PPI network construction, survival and functional analysis. The main finding was the identification of five hub genes from the WNT subgroup that are tumor suppressors, and whose lower expression is related to a worse prognosis for MB patients. Furthermore, the common genes correlated with the five tumor suppressors participate in important pathways and processes for tumor initiation and progression, as well as development and differentiation, and some of them control cell stemness and pluripotency. These genes have not yet been studied within the context of MB, representing new important elements for investigation in the search for therapeutic targets, prognostic markers or for understanding of MB biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martins-da-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Bezerra Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ferreira das Chagas
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bonfim-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lenisa Geron
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Pereira Corrêa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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4
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Massimi M, Di Pietro C, La Sala G, Matteoni R. Mouse Mutants of Gpr37 and Gpr37l1 Receptor Genes: Disease Modeling Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084288. [PMID: 35457105 PMCID: PMC9025225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate G protein–coupled receptor 37 and G protein–coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37 and GPR37L1) proteins have amino acid sequence homology to endothelin and bombesin-specific receptors. The prosaposin glycoprotein, its derived peptides, and analogues have been reported to interact with and activate both putative receptors. The GPR37 and GPR37L1 genes are highly expressed in human and rodent brains. GPR37 transcripts are most abundant in oligodendrocytes and in the neurons of the substantia nigra and hippocampus, while the GPR37L1 gene is markedly expressed in cerebellar Bergmann glia astrocytes. The human GPR37 protein is a substrate of parkin, and its insoluble form accumulates in brain samples from patients of inherited juvenile Parkinson’s disease. Several Gpr37 and Gpr37l1 mouse mutant strains have been produced and applied to extensive in vivo and ex vivo analyses of respective receptor functions and involvement in brain and other organ pathologies. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the different mouse strains so far published are reported and discussed, and their current and proposed applications to human disease modeling are highlighted.
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5
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Sun H, Ma H, Zhang H, Ji M. Up-regulation of MELK by E2F1 promotes the proliferation in cervical cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3875-3888. [PMID: 34671205 PMCID: PMC8495384 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecologic cancer and a frequent cause of death. In this study, we investigated the role of MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase) in cervical cancer. We found that HPV 18 E6/E7 promoted MELK expression by activating E2F1. MELK knockdown blocked cancer cells growth. Furthermore, we used MELK-8A to inhibit the kinase activity of MELK and caused the G2/M phase arrest of cancer cells. Under the treatment of inhibitors, Hela cells formed multipolar spindles and eventually underwent apoptosis. We also found that MELK is involved in protein translation and folding during cell division through the MELK interactome and the temporal proteomic analysis under inhibition with MELK-8A. Altogether, these results suggest that MELK may play a vital role in cancer cell proliferation and indicate a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210048, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ma'anshan People's Hospital, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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6
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Luscombe VB, Lucy D, Bataille CJR, Russell AJ, Greaves DR. 20 Years an Orphan: Is GPR84 a Plausible Medium-Chain Fatty Acid-Sensing Receptor? DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1926-1937. [PMID: 33001759 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR84 is an inflammation-induced receptor highly expressed on immune cells, yet its endogenous ligand is still unknown. This makes any interpretation of its physiological activity in vivo difficult. However, experiments with potent synthetic agonists have highlighted what the receptor can do, namely, enhance proinflammatory signaling and macrophage effector functions such as phagocytosis. Developing drugs to block these effects has attracted interest from the scientific community with the aim of decreasing disease activity in inflammatory disorders or enhancing inflammation resolution. In this review, we critically reassess the widely held belief that the major role of GPR84 is that of being a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) receptor. While MCFAs have been shown to activate GPR84, it remains to be demonstrated that they are present in relevant tissues at appropriate concentrations. In contrast to four other "full-time" free fatty acid receptor subtypes, GPR84 is not expressed by enteroendocrine cells and has limited expression in the gastrointestinal tract. Across multiple tissues and cell types, the highest expression levels of GPR84 are observed hours after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. These factors obscure the relationship between ligand and receptor in the human body and do not support the exclusive physiological pairing of MCFAs with GPR84. To maximize the chances of developing efficacious drugs for inflammatory diseases, we must advance our understanding of GPR84 and what it does in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent B Luscombe
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lucy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Xie T, Tang Y, Luo R, Zhang X, Wu S, Gu Y, Liu T, Hu F. GPR64 promotes cAMP pathway in tumor aggressiveness in sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenomas. Endocrine 2020; 68:629-639. [PMID: 32180116 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing agreement that acromegaly caused by growth hormone (GH) cell adenoma has two distinct subtypes: densely granulated (DG) and sparsely granulated (SG). We hypothesized that differential molecular signatures may explain their behavior. METHODS Total transcriptome sequencing was performed on ten DG and seven SG adenomas. The differentially expressed RNAs were identified by bioinformatic analyses, and a candidate RNA was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to detect the protein expression of the candidate. Clinical parameters were correlated with protein expression. Subsequently, cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression were analyzed after knockdown of the candidate in pituitary GH3 cells. Activation of the cAMP pathway was assessed by ELISA and Western blot. RESULTS We confirmed that there were obvious differentially expressed genes between the subtypes. Through gene profiling, we discovered that an orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, GPR64, was overexpressed in more aggressive SG adenomas. Noticeably, GPR64 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of GH3 tumor cells and decreased colony formation. The knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest in GH3 tumor cells. Further studies revealed that GPR64 knockdown decreased cAMP levels and the ratios of p-CREB/CREB, indicating that it suppressed the cAMP/CREB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that GPR64 may promote aggressiveness in SG-type GH cell adenomas and that it is a key factor regulating the cAMP pathway to promote aggressiveness of GH cell adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Digital Medical Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Silin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Liu Y, Wang M, Marcora EM, Zhang B, Goate AM. Promoter DNA hypermethylation - Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134403. [PMID: 31351091 PMCID: PMC6759378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent methylome-wide association studies (MWAS) in humans have solidified the concept that aberrant DNA methylation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We summarize these findings to improve the understanding of mechanisms governing DNA methylation pertinent to transcriptional regulation, with an emphasis of AD-associated promoter DNA hypermethylation, which establishes an epigenetic barrier for transcriptional activation. By considering brain cell type specific expression profiles that have been published only for non-demented individuals, we detail functional activities of selected neuron, microglia, and astrocyte-enriched genes (AGAP2, DUSP6 and GPR37L1, respectively), which are DNA hypermethylated at promoters in AD. We highlight future directions in MWAS including experimental confirmation, functional relevance to AD, cell type-specific temporal characterization, and mechanism investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Edoardo M Marcora
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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9
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Di Pietro C, La Sala G, Matteoni R, Marazziti D, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Genetic ablation of Gpr37l1 delays tumor occurrence in Ptch1 +/- mouse models of medulloblastoma. Exp Neurol 2018; 312:33-42. [PMID: 30452905 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor 37-like 1 (Gpr37l1) is specifically expressed in most astrocytic glial cells, including cerebellar Bergmann astrocytes and interacts with patched 1 (Ptch1), a co-receptor of the sonic hedgehog (Shh)-smoothened (Smo) signaling complex. Gpr37l1 null mutant mice exhibit precocious post-natal cerebellar development, with altered Shh-Smo mitogenic cascade and premature down-regulation of granule cell precursor (GCP) proliferation. Gpr37l1 expression is downregulated in medulloblastoma (MB) and upregulated in glioma and glioblastoma tumors. Shh-associated MBs originate postnatally, from dysregulated hyperproliferation of GCPs in developing cerebellum's external granular layer (EGL), as shown in heterozygous Ptch1+/- knock-out mouse strains that model human MB occurrence and progression. This study investigates cerebellar MB phenotypes in newly produced Gpr37l1, Ptch1 double mutant mice. Natural history analysis shows that Gpr37l1 genetic ablation, in Ptch1+/- model animals, results in marked deferment of post-natal tumor occurrence and decreased incidence of more aggressive tumor types. It is also associated with the delayed and diminished presence of more severe types of hyperplastic lesions in Ptch1+/- mice. Consistently, during early post-natal development Gpr37l1-/-;Ptch1+/- pups exhibit reduction in cerebellar GCP proliferation and EGL thickness and a precocious, sustained expression of wingless-type MMTV integration site member 3 (Wnt3), a specific inhibitor of Shh-induced neuronal mitogenesis, in comparison with Ptch1+/- heterozygous single mutants. These findings highlight the specific involvement of Gpr37l1 in modulating postnatal cerebellar Shh-Ptch1-Smo mitogenic signaling in both normal and pathological conditions. The novel Gpr37l1-/-;Ptch1+/- mouse models may thus be instrumental in the detailed characterization of the initial phases of Shh-associated MB insurgence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina La Sala
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafaele Matteoni
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-00015, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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10
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Zhu D, Osuka S, Zhang Z, Reichert ZR, Yang L, Kanemura Y, Jiang Y, You S, Zhang H, Devi NS, Bhattacharya D, Takano S, Gillespie GY, Macdonald T, Tan C, Nishikawa R, Nelson WG, Olson JJ, Van Meir EG. BAI1 Suppresses Medulloblastoma Formation by Protecting p53 from Mdm2-Mediated Degradation. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:1004-1016.e5. [PMID: 29894688 PMCID: PMC6002773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRs) encompass 33 human transmembrane proteins with long N termini involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We show the ADGRB1 gene, which encodes Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), is epigenetically silenced in medulloblastomas (MBs) through a methyl-CpG binding protein MBD2-dependent mechanism. Knockout of Adgrb1 in mice augments proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors, and leads to accelerated tumor growth in the Ptch1+/- transgenic MB mouse model. BAI1 prevents Mdm2-mediated p53 polyubiquitination, and its loss substantially reduces p53 levels. Reactivation of BAI1/p53 signaling axis by a brain-permeable MBD2 pathway inhibitor suppresses MB growth in vivo. Altogether, our data define BAI1's physiological role in tumorigenesis and directly couple an ADGR to cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Liquan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuo You
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narra S Devi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shingo Takano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tobey Macdonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - William G Nelson
- Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road N.E, C5078, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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11
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Miranda Kuzan-Fischer C, Juraschka K, Taylor MD. Medulloblastoma in the Molecular Era. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:292-301. [PMID: 29742881 PMCID: PMC5957312 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood and remains a major cause of cancer related mortality in children. Significant scientific advancements have transformed the understanding of medulloblastoma, leading to the recognition of four distinct clinical and molecular subgroups, namely wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog, group 3, and group 4. Subgroup classification combined with the recognition of subgroup specific molecular alterations has also led to major changes in risk stratification of medulloblastoma patients and these changes have begun to alter clinical trial design, in which the newly recognized subgroups are being incorporated as individualized treatment arms. Despite these recent advancements, identification of effective targeted therapies remains a challenge for several reasons. First, significant molecular heterogeneity exists within the four subgroups, meaning this classification system alone may not be sufficient to predict response to a particular therapy. Second, the majority of novel agents are currently tested at the time of recurrence, after which significant selective pressures have been exerted by radiation and chemotherapy. Recent studies demonstrate selection of tumor sub-clones that exhibit genetic divergence from the primary tumor, exist within metastatic and recurrent tumor populations. Therefore, tumor resampling at the time of recurrence may become necessary to accurately select patients for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miranda Kuzan-Fischer
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kyle Juraschka
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Rao R, Salloum R, Xin M, Lu QR. The G protein Gαs acts as a tumor suppressor in sonic hedgehog signaling-driven tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 2018; 15:1325-30. [PMID: 27052725 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1164371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical players in tumor growth and progression. The redundant roles of GPCRs in tumor development confound effective treatment; therefore, targeting a single common signaling component downstream of these receptors may be efficacious. GPCRs transmit signals through heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα and Gβγ subunits. Hyperactive Gαs signaling can mediate tumor progression in some tissues; however, recent work in medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma revealed that Gαs can also function as a tumor suppressor in neoplasms derived from ectoderm cells including neural and epidermal stem/progenitor cells. In these stem-cell compartments, signaling through Gαs suppresses self-renewal by inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Hippo pathways. The loss of GNAS, which encodes Gαs, leads to activation of these pathways, over-proliferation of progenitor cells, and tumor formation. Gαs activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway and inhibits activation of SHH effectors Smoothened-Gli. In addition, Gαs-cAMP-PKA activation negatively regulates the Hippo pathway by blocking the NF2-LATS1/2-Yap signaling. In this review, we will address the novel function of the signaling network regulated by Gαs in suppression of SHH-driven tumorigenesis and the therapeutic approaches that can be envisioned to harness this pathway to inhibit tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rao
- a University of Cincinnati Medical Scientist Training Program , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Ralph Salloum
- b Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Mei Xin
- b Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- b Brain Tumor Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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13
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Abongwa C, Mott S, Schafer B, McNeely P, Abusin G, O’Dorisio T, Zamba G, O’Dorisio MS, Menda Y. Safety and accuracy of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in children and young adults with solid tumors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 7:228-235. [PMID: 29181270 PMCID: PMC5698616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
68Ga-DOTA-tyr3-Octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) PET/CT has been shown to have high accuracy in adults with neuroendocrine tumors, however has not been studied in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the safety and accuracy of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in children and young adults with solid tumors that express somatostatin receptor type 2. A series of three prospective, IRB approved, clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were conducted for subjects aged 6 months to 90 years. This study reports the results for the 26 children and young adults, aged 16 months to 29 years who participated in these trials. The administered activity of 68Ga-DOTATOC was 1.59 MBq/kg with an upper limit of 111 MBq for subjects < 18 years and 148 MBq for young adults. Safety was assessed with laboratory studies and patient/parent report of symptoms before and after the scan. Scans were interpreted in consensus by two board-certified nuclear medicine physicians. Each scan was categorized on a patient basis as true positive, true negative, false negative or false positive against a reference standard that included a combination of histopathology, other imaging modalities and clinical follow-up. Nine Grade I adverse events (AEs) occurred among 26 subjects, none of which were attributable to 68Ga-DOTATOC. Sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was 88% (14 true positive, 2 false negative) and specificity was 100% (10 true negative, 0 false positive). 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT is safe and accurate in children and young adults with solid tumors expressing somatostatin receptor type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenue Abongwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Sarah Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Blanca Schafer
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Parren McNeely
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Ghada Abusin
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Thomas O’Dorisio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Gideon Zamba
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - M Sue O’Dorisio
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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14
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Yoo JY, Ahn JI, Kim TH, Yu S, Ahn JY, Lim JM, Jeong JW. G-protein coupled receptor 64 is required for decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5021. [PMID: 28694502 PMCID: PMC5503986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although GPR64 has an important role for male fertility, its physiological roles in the female reproductive system are still unknown. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis reveals a spatiotemporal expression of GPR64 in the uterus during early pregnancy. Observation of remarkable induction of GPR64 expression in uterine decidual cells points to its potential physiological significance on decidualization. The decidualization of uterine stromal cells is a key event in implantation. Progesterone (P4) signaling is crucial for the decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells for successful pregnancy. Therefore, we examined ovarian steroid hormone regulation of GPR64 expression in the murine uterus. P4 induced GPR64 expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of the uterus in ovariectomized wild-type mice, but not in PRKO mice. ChIP analysis confirmed that PGR proteins were recruited on progesterone response element of Gpr64 gene in the uteri of wild-type mice treated with P4. Furthermore, the expression of GPR64 was increased in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) during in vitro decidualization. Interestingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of GPR64 in hESCs remarkably reduced decidualization. These results suggest that Gpr64 has a crucial role in the decidualization of endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Yoo
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapid, MI, 49503, United States
| | - Jong Il Ahn
- Research Institutes of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapid, MI, 49503, United States
| | - Sungryul Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Research Institutes of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapid, MI, 49503, United States.
- Department of Women's Health, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, 49341, United States.
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15
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Abstract
Alterations in the homeostasis of several adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) have been observed in cancer. The main cellular functions regulated by aGPCRs are cell adhesion, migration, polarity, and guidance, which are all highly relevant to tumor cell biology. Expression of aGPCRs can be induced, increased, decreased, or silenced in the tumor or in stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts and endothelial and/or immune cells. For example, ADGRE5 (CD97) and ADGRG1 (GPR56) show increased expression in many cancers, and initial functional studies suggest that both are relevant for tumor cell migration and invasion. aGPCRs can also impact the regulation of angiogenesis by releasing soluble fragments following the cleavage of their extracellular domain (ECD) at the conserved GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) or other more distal cleavage sites as typical for the ADGRB (BAI) family. Interrogation of in silico cancer databases suggests alterations in other aGPCR members and provides the impetus for further exploration of their potential role in cancer. Integration of knowledge on the expression, regulation, and function of aGPCRs in tumorigenesis is currently spurring the first preclinical studies to examine the potential of aGPCR or the related pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aust
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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16
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Vriend J, Ghavami S, Marzban H. The role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in cerebellar development and medulloblastoma. Mol Brain 2015; 8:64. [PMID: 26475605 PMCID: PMC4609148 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cells precursors are derived from the upper rhombic lip and migrate tangentially independent of glia along the subpial stream pathway to form the external germinal zone. Postnatally, granule cells migrate from the external germinal zone radially through the Purkinje cell layer, guided by Bergmann glia fibers, to the internal granular cell layer. Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. Many of these tumors develop from precursor cells of the embryonic rhombic lips. Four main groups of MB are recognized. The WNT group of MBs arise primarily from the lower rhombic lip and embryonic brainstem. The SHH group of MBs originate from cerebellar granule cell precursors in the external germinal zone of the embryonic cerebellum. The cellular origins of type 3 and type 4 MBs are not clear. Several ubiquitin ligases are revealed to be significant factors in development of the cerebellum as well as in the initiation and maintenance of MBs. Proteasome dysfunction at a critical stage of development may be a major factor in determining whether progenitor cells which are destined to become granule cells differentiate normally or become MB cells. We propose the hypothesis that proteasomal activity is essential to regulate the critical transition between proliferating granule cells and differentiated granule cells and that proteasome dysfunction may lead to MB. Proteasome dysfunction could also account for various mutations in MBs resulting from deficiencies in DNA checkpoint and repair mechanisms prior to development of MBs. Data showing a role for the ubiquitin ligases β-TrCP, FBW7, Huwe1, and SKP2 in MBs suggest the possibility of a classification of MBs based on the expression (over expression or under expression) of specific ubiquitin ligases which function as oncogenes, tumor suppressors or cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rm129, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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17
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Identification of the tethered peptide agonist of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR64/ADGRG2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:743-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Zhou L, Catchpoole D. Spanning the genomics era: the vital role of a single institution biorepository for childhood cancer research over a decade. Transl Pediatr 2015; 4:93-106. [PMID: 26835365 PMCID: PMC4729086 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2015.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'genomics era' is considered to have begun with the commencement of the Human Genome Project. As translational genomic studies can only be established when human tissue samples are available for analysis, biospecimens are now proven to be an essential element for their success. During the genomics era the necessity for more extensive biobanking infrastructure has been highlighted. With the increased number of genomic studies into cancer, it is considered that the availability of biospecimens will become the rate limiting step. Despite the efforts in international biobanking, translational genomics is hampered when there low numbers of biospecimens for a particular rare diseases and is most apparent for paediatric cancer. As there is a call for biobanking practice to be responsive to the current experimental needs of the time and for more expansive systems of tissue procurement to be established we have asked the question what role does a single institution biorepository play in the current highly networked world of translational genomics. Here we describe such a case. The Tumour Bank at The Children's Hospital at Westmead (TB-CHW) in the western suburbs of Sydney was formally established in 1998 as a key resource for translational paediatric cancer research. During the genomics era, we show that the TB-CHW has developed into a key biospecimen repository for the cancer research community, during which time it has increasingly found itself having a vital role in the establishment of translational genomics for paediatric cancer. Here we detail metrics that demonstrate how as a single institution biorepository, the TB-CHW has been a strong participant in the advancement of translational genomics throughout the genomics era. This paper describes the significant contribution of a single institutional hospital embedded tumour biobank to the genomic research community. Despite the increased stringencies placed on biobanking practice, the TB-CHW has shown that a single institution biorespository can have a consistent and effective contribution to translational research into rare paediatric malignancy demonstrating its long term benefit throughout the genomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Tumour Bank, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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19
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Insel PA, Wilderman A, Zambon AC, Snead AN, Murray F, Aroonsakool N, McDonald DS, Zhou S, McCann T, Zhang L, Sriram K, Chinn AM, Michkov AV, Lynch RM, Overland AC, Corriden R. G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Expression in Native Cells: "Novel" endoGPCRs as Physiologic Regulators and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:181-7. [PMID: 25737495 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of signaling receptors in the human genome, are also the largest class of targets of approved drugs. Are the optimal GPCRs (in terms of efficacy and safety) currently targeted therapeutically? Especially given the large number (∼ 120) of orphan GPCRs (which lack known physiologic agonists), it is likely that previously unrecognized GPCRs, especially orphan receptors, regulate cell function and can be therapeutic targets. Knowledge is limited regarding the diversity and identity of GPCRs that are activated by endogenous ligands and that native cells express. Here, we review approaches to define GPCR expression in tissues and cells and results from studies using these approaches. We identify problems with the available data and suggest future ways to identify and validate the physiologic and therapeutic roles of previously unrecognized GPCRs. We propose that a particularly useful approach to identify functionally important GPCRs with therapeutic potential will be to focus on receptors that show selective increases in expression in diseased cells from patients and experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrea Wilderman
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron N Snead
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Fiona Murray
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nakon Aroonsakool
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel S McDonald
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shu Zhou
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Thalia McCann
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amy M Chinn
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander V Michkov
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron C Overland
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ross Corriden
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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