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Cerato JA, da Silva EF, Porto BN. Breaking Bad: Inflammasome Activation by Respiratory Viruses. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:943. [PMID: 37508374 PMCID: PMC10376673 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family is a group of intracellular sensors activated in response to harmful stimuli, such as invading pathogens. Some NLR family members form large multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes, acting as a platform for activating the caspase-1-induced canonical inflammatory pathway. The canonical inflammasome pathway triggers the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by the rapid rupture of the plasma cell membrane, subsequently causing an inflammatory cell death program known as pyroptosis, thereby halting viral replication and removing infected cells. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of inflammasome activation in the response against respiratory viral infections, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While inflammasome activity can contribute to the resolution of respiratory virus infections, dysregulated inflammasome activity can also exacerbate immunopathology, leading to tissue damage and hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize how different respiratory viruses trigger inflammasome pathways and what harmful effects the inflammasome exerts along with its antiviral immune response during viral infection in the lungs. By understanding the crosstalk between invading pathogens and inflammasome regulation, new therapeutic strategies can be exploited to improve the outcomes of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Cerato
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Emanuelle F. da Silva
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Barbara N. Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (J.A.C.); (E.F.d.S.)
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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2
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Wallace HL, Russell RS. Promiscuous Inflammasomes: The False Dichotomy of RNA/DNA Virus-Induced Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis. Viruses 2022; 14:2113. [PMID: 36298668 PMCID: PMC9609106 DOI: 10.3390/v14102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that viruses activate various inflammasomes, which can initiate the programmed cell death pathway known as pyroptosis, subsequently leading to cell lysis and release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. This pathway can be triggered by various sensors, including, but not limited to, NLRP3, AIM2, IFI16, RIG-I, and NLRC4. Many viruses are known either to activate or inhibit inflammasomes as a part of the innate immune response or as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Early research in the field of virus-induced pyroptosis suggested a dichotomy, with RNA viruses activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and DNA viruses activating the AIM2 inflammasome. More recent research has shown that this dichotomy may not be as distinct as once thought. It seems many viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors. Here, we detail which viruses fit the dichotomy as well as many that appear to defy this clearly false dichotomy. It seems likely that most, if not all, viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors, and future research should focus on expanding our understanding of inflammasome activation in a variety of tissue types as well as virus activation of multiple inflammasomes, challenging biases that stemmed from early literature in this field. Here, we review primarily research performed on human viruses but also include details regarding animal viruses whenever possible.
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Martínez-Torres I, Tepale-Segura A, Castro-Escamilla O, Cancino-Diaz JC, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Perez-Tapia SM, Bonifaz LC, Cancino-Diaz ME. The Protective Role of pVHL in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095226. [PMID: 35563616 PMCID: PMC9104378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease distinguished by an excessive proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Immune cells, such as T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 17 (IL-17), are essential for maintaining psoriatic lesions. Additionally, a hypoxic milieu present in the skin promotes the expression of transcriptional factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). This protein regulates the expression of angiogenic and glycolytic factors, such as vascular endothelial grown factor and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), both relevant in chronic inflammation. The von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL) is a negative regulator of HIF-1α. Previously, we found that pVHL was almost absent in the lesions of psoriasis patients; therefore, we investigated the impact of rescue pVHL expression in lesional skin. We used the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model as an adenoviral vector that allowed us to express pVHL in the skin. Our data show that, in lesional skin, pVHL expression was reduced, whereas HIF-1α was increased. Remarkably, the retrieval of pVHL prevented psoriatic lesions, diminishing erythema, scale, and epidermal and vascular thickness. Furthermore, pVHL expression was capable of reducing HIF-1α, LDH, TNF-α and immune cell infiltration (mainly IL-17+ neutrophils). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that pVHL has a protective role to play in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaí Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prolongación de Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico; (I.M.-T.); (A.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Araceli Tepale-Segura
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prolongación de Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico; (I.M.-T.); (A.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (O.C.-E.); or (L.C.B.)
| | - Octavio Castro-Escamilla
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (O.C.-E.); or (L.C.B.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil De México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162. Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prolongación de Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prolongación de Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico; (I.M.-T.); (A.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Sonia Mayra Perez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Invstigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - Laura C. Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (O.C.-E.); or (L.C.B.)
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico
| | - Mario Eugenio Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de Ayala y Prolongación de Carpio, Col. Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México C.P. 11340, Mexico; (I.M.-T.); (A.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-57-29-60-600 (ext. 62355)
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Al-Benna S. Inflammatory and coagulative pathophysiology for the management of burn patients with COVID-19: systematic review of the evidence. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2021; 34:3-9. [PMID: 34054381 PMCID: PMC8126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves a prominent innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, the complement system and acute phase proteins. This hyperinflammatory response predisposes patients to thromboembolic disease, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In burn injuries, damaged tissues induce a local and systemic inflammatory response through pathways associated to COVID-19. As such, a COVID-19 positive patient sustaining burn injuries may have an amplified response to the burn insult due to their baseline hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states. Burn patients may have compromised physiological reserve to withstand the insult of surgical intervention before reaching clinical instability. The concurrent pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the inflammatory response in burn injury have serious implications on the management of burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Al-Benna
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shiri A, Sarvari J, Firoozi Ghahestani S, Gholijani N, Tamaddon AM, Rastegari M, Moattari A, Hosseini SY. The Inflammatory and Fibrotic Patterns of Hepatic Stellate Cells Following Coagulation Factors (VII or X)-Shielded Adenovirus Infection. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:718-726. [PMID: 33410956 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of coagulation factors on the inflammatory effect of adenovirus (Ad) is an unresolved question that was considered herein. Adenovirus-36(Ad36) and adenovector-5-GFP(Ad5-GFP) were prepared; then, they were loaded with VII or FX factors. The size/charge parameters and transduction efficiency were evaluated using fluorescent microscopy and Zetasizer, respectively. The Ad36-coagulation factor complexes were added on the stellate cells, LX-2. Thereafter, the expression levels of inflammatory and fibrotic genes including PKR, IL-1β, TNF-α, TIMP-1, collagen, and TGF-β were measured by qPCR and ELISA assays. The loading of FVII or FX factors not only increased the size/charge of Ad5-GFP but also enhanced the transduction rate up to 60% and 75%, respectively, compared to the controls (45%). The PKR expression analysis showed an upregulation following treatment with all Ad36 forms (P = 0.0152). The IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines analyses demonstrated that the Ad36-FVII complex elicited the highest inflammatory response (P = 0.05). Similarly, the fibrosis-related expression analysis revealed a more inductive role of FVII when loaded on Ad36, compared to the FX factor. The findings suggested that adenovirus elicited the innate inflammatory and activation state in the hepatic stellate cell. In addition, adenovirus shielded by FVII exhibited more innate inflammation as well as activation of the stellate cells than the FX-loaded virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,GastroenteroHepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Firoozi Ghahestani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmunity Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahroo Rastegari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Asha K, Khanna M, Kumar B. Current Insights into the Host Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:59-83. [PMID: 34661891 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections often lead to severe illnesses varying from mild or asymptomatic upper respiratory tract infections to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia or/and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Common viral infections, including but not limited to influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus and coronavirus, are often the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Since the lungs are continuously exposed to foreign particles, including respiratory pathogens, it is also well equipped for recognition and antiviral defense utilizing the complex network of innate and adaptive immune cells. Immediately upon infection, a range of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and an interferon response is generated, thereby making the immune response a two edged sword, on one hand it is required to eliminate viral pathogens while on other hand it's prolonged response can lead to chronic infection and significant pulmonary damage. Since vaccines to all respiratory viruses are not available, a better understanding of the virus-host interactions, leading to the development of immune response, is critically needed to design effective therapies to limit the severity of inflammatory damage, enhance viral clearance and to compliment the current strategies targeting the virus. In this chapter, we discuss the host responses to common respiratory viral infections, the key players of adaptive and innate immunity and the fine balance that exists between the viral clearance and immune-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Asha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhu Khanna
- Department of Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Al-Benna S. Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor in Skin and the Implications for COVID-19. Adv Skin Wound Care 2021; 34:31-35. [PMID: 33323800 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000722748.73437.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a critical step for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter target cells. This enzyme is expressed in many human tissues including the lungs, but no research has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect human skin or subcutaneous fat tissue, despite the increasing number of reported skin manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate ACE2 gene expression in skin using a public database. METHODS A search of transcriptomic data sets from a public gene expression database to investigate ACE2 gene expression in human tissues. RESULTS Human skin keratinocytes and basal cells express more ACE2 than lung epithelial cells. In contrast, both fibroblasts and melanocytes from human skin express less ACE2 than human lung epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of ACE2 in keratinocytes and basal cells of human skin indicates that they may be directly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection via the ACE2 receptor, especially in conditions of skin barrier dysfunction, and are therefore a potential target for the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Al-Benna
- Sammy Al-Benna, PhD, MBChB, FAPAC, is Head of Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma T, Li Q, Xu J, Xu L. The doses of plasmid backbone plays a major role in determining the HBV clearance in hydrodynamic injection mouse model. Virol J 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 29783985 PMCID: PMC5963156 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide, causing a major risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many mouse models have been tried to establish HBV infection through injection with various HBV-containing plasmids. However, it is not well understood that different plasmids, all of which contain the similar HBV genome, even the same plasmids with different dose, results in opposite immune responses toward HBV. Methods In this study, we investigated the role of HBV-containing plasmid backbones and the HBcAg in determining the HBV persistence. C57BL/6 mice were injected hydrodynamically with 6 μg or 20 μg of WT pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, e/core-null pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, or none-HBV genome pAAV/control plasmid. Serum levels of HBV-related markers were measured by quantitative immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Liver HBcAg expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of cytokines and Th1-related immune factors were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results All mice injected with 6 μg of the pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid shows HBsAg positive at week 6 after hydrodynamic injection (AHI) as previously investigated. However, the mice injected with 20 μg pAAV/HBV1.2 or 6μgpAAV/HBV1.2 plus 14μgpAAV/control plasmid results in HBV clearance within 4 weeks AHI, indicating the anti-HBV activity is induced by 20 μg plasmid DNA, but not by the inserted viral genome. This anti-HBV activity is independent of HBcAg and Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, since the lack of HBcAg in pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid or stimulation with TLRs agonists does not influence the kinetics of serum HBsAg in mice. The mRNA levels of t-bet and cxcr3 were dramatically up-regulated in the liver of the mice injected with 20 μg plasmid DNA. Conclusion Our studies demonstrate that plasmid backbones are responsible for modulating immune responses to determine HBV persistence or clearance in our HBV mouse model by hydrodynamic injection of HBV-containing plasmid, and Th1 cells play key roles on HBV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children' s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiegou Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Eichholz K, Bru T, Tran TTP, Fernandes P, Welles H, Mennechet FJD, Manel N, Alves P, Perreau M, Kremer EJ. Immune-Complexed Adenovirus Induce AIM2-Mediated Pyroptosis in Human Dendritic Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005871. [PMID: 27636895 PMCID: PMC5026364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are nonenveloped proteinaceous particles containing a linear double-stranded DNA genome. HAdVs cause a spectrum of pathologies in all populations regardless of health standards. Following repeat exposure to multiple HAdV types, we develop robust and long-lived humoral and cellular immune responses that provide life-long protection from de novo infections and persistent HAdV. How HAdVs, anti-HAdV antibodies and antigen presenting cells (APCs) interact to influence infection is still incompletely understood. In our study, we used physical, pharmacological, biochemical, fluorescence and electron microscopy, molecular and cell biology approaches to dissect the impact of immune-complexed HAdV (IC-HAdV) on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). We show that IC-HAdV generate stabilized complexes of ~200 nm that are efficiently internalized by, and aggregate in, MoDCs. By comparing IC-HAdV, IC-empty capsid, IC-Ad2ts1 (a HAdV-C2 impaired in endosomal escape due to a mutation that impacts protease encapsidation) and IC-AdL40Q (a HAdV-C5 impaired in endosomal escape due to a mutation in protein VI), we demonstrate that protein VI-dependent endosomal escape is required for the HAdV genome to engage the DNA pattern recognition receptor AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2). AIM2 engagement induces pyroptotic MoDC death via ASC (apoptosis-associated speck protein containing a caspase activation/recruitment domain) aggregation, inflammasome formation, caspase 1 activation, and IL-1β and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how humoral immunity initiates an innate immune response to HAdV-C5 in human professional APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Eichholz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Bru
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Tran
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Paulo Fernandes
- iBET- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hugh Welles
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck J. D. Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Paula Alves
- iBET- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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10
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Spengler JR, Patel JR, Chakrabarti AK, Zivcec M, García-Sastre A, Spiropoulou CF, Bergeron É. RIG-I Mediates an Antiviral Response to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. J Virol 2015; 89:10219-29. [PMID: 26223644 PMCID: PMC4580164 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01643-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the cytoplasm, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses the RNA genomes of several RNA viruses. RIG-I binds to viral RNA, eliciting an antiviral response via the cellular adaptor MAVS. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a negative-sense RNA virus with a 5'-monophosphorylated genome, is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent with significant public health implications. We found that, during CCHFV infection, RIG-I mediated a type I interferon (IFN) response via MAVS. Interfering with RIG-I signaling reduced IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression and increased viral replication. Immunostimulatory RNA was isolated from CCHFV-infected cells and from virion preparations, and RIG-I coimmunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates isolated immunostimulatory CCHFV RNA. This report serves as the first description of a pattern recognition receptor for CCHFV and highlights a critical signaling pathway in the antiviral response to CCHFV. IMPORTANCE CCHFV is a tick-borne virus with a significant public health impact. In order for cells to respond to virus infection, they must recognize the virus as foreign and initiate antiviral signaling. To date, the receptors involved in immune recognition of CCHFV are not known. Here, we investigate and identify RIG-I as a receptor involved in initiating an antiviral response to CCHFV. This receptor initially was not expected to play a role in CCHFV recognition because of characteristics of the viral genome. These findings are important in understanding the antiviral response to CCHFV and support continued investigation into the spectrum of potential viruses recognized by RIG-I.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/immunology
- Epithelial Cells
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome, Viral
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/genetics
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Vero Cells
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jenish R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Human coagulation factor X-adenovirus type 5 complexes poorly stimulate an innate immune response in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Virol 2014; 89:2884-91. [PMID: 25540380 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03576-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the first lines of host defense against many viruses in vertebrates is the innate immune system, which detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using pathogen recognition receptors (PRR). The dynamic interactions between pathogens and hosts create, in some cases, species-specific relationships. Recently, it was shown that murine factor X (mFX)-armored human adenovirus (HAd) stimulated a mFX-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-associated response in mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Given the importance of studies using animals to better understand host-pathogen interactions, we asked if human FX (hFX)-armored HAd type 5 (HAd5) was capable of activating innate immune sensors in primary human mononuclear phagocytes. To this end, we assayed human mononuclear phagocytes for their ability to be stimulated by hFX-armored HAd5 via a TLR/NF-κB pathway, in particular, a TLR4 pathway. In our hands, we found no significant interaction, activation, or maturation of human mononuclear phagocytes caused by the presence of hFX-armored HAd5. IMPORTANCE Animals, and mice in particular, are often used as informative and powerful surrogates for how pathogens interact with natural host systems. When possible, extended and targeted studies in the natural host can then be performed. Our data will help us understand the differences in preclinical testing in mice and clinical use in humans in order to improve treatment for HAd diseases and Ad vector effectiveness.
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12
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Hendrickx R, Stichling N, Koelen J, Kuryk L, Lipiec A, Greber UF. Innate immunity to adenovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:265-84. [PMID: 24512150 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in gene medicine, with applications ranging from oncolytic therapies to vaccinations, but adenovirus vectors are not without side effects. In addition, natural adenoviruses pose severe risks for immunocompromised people, yet infections are usually mild and self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals. Here we describe how adenoviruses are recognized by the host innate defense system during entry and replication in immune and nonimmune cells. Innate defense protects the host and represents a major barrier to using adenoviruses as therapeutic interventions in humans. Innate response against adenoviruses involves intrinsic factors present at constant levels, and innate factors mounted by the host cell upon viral challenge. These factors exert antiviral effects by directly binding to viruses or viral components, or shield the virus, for example, soluble factors, such as blood clotting components, the complement system, preexisting immunoglobulins, or defensins. In addition, Toll-like receptors and lectins in the plasma membrane and endosomes are intrinsic factors against adenoviruses. Important innate factors restricting adenovirus in the cytosol are tripartite motif-containing proteins, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like inflammatory receptors, and DNA sensors triggering interferon, such as DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase. Adenovirus tunes the function of antiviral autophagy, and counters innate defense by virtue of its early proteins E1A, E1B, E3, and E4 and two virus-associated noncoding RNAs VA-I and VA-II. We conclude by discussing strategies to engineer adenovirus vectors with attenuated innate responses and enhanced delivery features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodinde Hendrickx
- 1 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich , CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
The innate immune system faces the difficult task of keeping a fine balance between sensitive detection of microbial presence and avoidance of autoimmunity. To this aim, key mechanisms of innate responses rely on isolation of pathogens in specialized subcellular compartments, or sensing of specific microbial patterns absent from the host. Efficient detection of foreign RNA in the cytosol requires an additional layer of complexity from the immune system. In this particular case, innate sensors should be able to distinguish self and non-self molecules that share several similar properties. In this review, we discuss this interplay between cytosolic pattern recognition receptors and the microbial RNA they detect. We describe how microbial RNAs gain access to the cytosol, which receptors they activate and counter-strategies developed by microorganisms to avoid this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vabret
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA ; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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14
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Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Cerullo V. Beyond Gene Delivery: Strategies to Engineer the Surfaces of Viral Vectors. Biomedicines 2013; 1:3-16. [PMID: 28548054 PMCID: PMC5423465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors have been extensively studied due to their great transduction efficiency compared to non-viral vectors. These vectors have been used extensively in gene therapy, enabling the comprehension of, not only the advantages of these vectors, but also the limitations, such as the activation of the immune system after vector administration. Moreover, the need to control the target of the vector has led to the development of chemical and non-chemical modifications of the vector surface, allowing researchers to modify the tropism and biodistribution profile of the vector, leading to the production of viral vectors able to target different tissues and organs. This review describes recent non-genetic modifications of the surfaces of viral vectors to decrease immune system activation and to control tissue targeting. The developments described herein provide opportunities for applications of gene therapy to treat acquired disorders and genetic diseases and to become useful tools in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00760, Finland.
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