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Silva SO, Pedro G Junior L, Machado MB, Jesus RS, Antônio S Farias M, Bezerra JA, Diego C Santos A. 1H NMR spectroscopy as a tool to probe potential biomarkers of the drying-salting process: A proof-of-concept study with the Amazon fish pirarucu. Food Chem 2024; 448:139047. [PMID: 38520988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Dry-salted pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) plays an important cultural role in the Amazon region - South America. In this study, we explored the changes in the chemical composition of pirarucu meat following the drying-salting process via 1H NMR spectroscopy. Combining multivariate and univariate statistical analyses yielded a robust differentiation of metabolites involved in the process. VIP score (>1), p-value (<0.05), and AUC (>0.7) were considered to selecting compounds that had significant fluctuations in their contents along the process. Our results pointed out acetate, lactate, succinate, and creatinine as metabolites undergoing significant changes during the drying-salting process. Creatinine was not detected in fresh samples. The investigation of multiple components delves deeper into the molecular nuances of the salting-drying process's impact on fish meat, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the possible chemical transformations and how the matrix's quality control and nutritional aspects should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O Silva
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pedro G Junior
- Programa de pós-graduação em Aquicultura, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69058-030, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Rogério S Jesus
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69055-010, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio S Farias
- Departamento de Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Socioeconomia Rural - DTAiSeR, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Paulo CEP 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline A Bezerra
- Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos - DQA, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - IFAM, Manaus, Amazonas CEP, 69020-120 Brazil
| | - Alan Diego C Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-005, Brazil.
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Wang H, Li B, Li A, An C, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Integrative Metabolomics, Enzymatic Activity, and Gene Expression Analysis Provide Insights into the Metabolic Profile Differences between the Slow-Twitch Muscle and Fast-Twitch Muscle of Pseudocaranx dentex. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6131. [PMID: 38892319 PMCID: PMC11172523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscles of teleost fish encompass heterogeneous muscle types, termed slow-twitch muscle (SM) and fast-twitch muscle (FM), characterized by distinct morphological, anatomical, histological, biochemical, and physiological attributes, driving different swimming behaviors. Despite the central role of metabolism in regulating skeletal muscle types and functions, comprehensive metabolomics investigations focusing on the metabolic differences between these muscle types are lacking. To reveal the differences in metabolic characteristics between the SM and FM of teleost, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics analysis using Pseudocaranx dentex as a representative model and identified 411 differential metabolites (DFMs), of which 345 exhibited higher contents in SM and 66 in FM. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DFMs were enriched in the metabolic processes of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, purines, and vitamins, suggesting that there were significant differences between the SM and FM in multiple metabolic pathways, especially in the metabolism of energy substances. Furthermore, an integrative analysis of metabolite contents, enzymatic activity assays, and gene expression levels involved in ATP-PCr phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic oxidative energy systems was performed to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism differences. The results unveiled a set of differential metabolites, enzymes, and genes between the SM and FM, providing compelling molecular evidence of the FM achieving a higher anaerobic energy supply capacity through the ATP-PCr phosphate and glycolysis energy systems, while the SM obtains greater energy supply capacity via aerobic oxidation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the metabolic profiles and related regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscles, thereby expanding the knowledge of metabolic physiology and ecological adaptation in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Busu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Changting An
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.A.); (Z.Z.)
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He W, Li X, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀ × Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:67. [PMID: 38720393 PMCID: PMC11080189 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5- to 40-g (Phase-I) and 110- to 240-g (Phase-II) hybrid striped bass (HSB), as well as their intestinal health. Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione (GSH) in mammals (e.g., pigs), little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish. This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine- and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass (HSB; Morone saxatilis♀ × Morone chrysops♂). METHODS Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%, 1%, or 2% glycine for 8 weeks. At the end of the 56-d feeding, tissues (liver, intestine, skeletal muscle, kidneys, and pancreas) were collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds, creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB. The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied. In Phase-I HSB, supplementation with 1% or 2% glycine increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of intramuscular creatine (15%-19%) and hepatic GSH (8%-11%), while reducing (P < 0.05) hepatic GSH sulfide (GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%-15%, compared with the 0-glycine group; there were no differences (P > 0.05) in these variables between the 1% and 2% glycine groups. In Phase-II HSB, supplementation with 1% and 2% glycine increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle (15%-27%) and liver (11%-20%) in a dose-dependent manner, with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1% or 2% glycine group. In all HSB, supplementation with 1% and 2% glycine dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (22%-41%) and hepatic γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (17%-37%), with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1% or 2% glycine group. Glycine supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas, and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB, respectively. Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner. Based on the metabolic data, glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Woo WS, Shim SH, Kang G, Kim KH, Son HJ, Sohn MY, Lee S, Kim J, Seo JS, Kwon MG, Kim DH, Park CI. Assessment of Salinomycin's Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3233. [PMID: 37893959 PMCID: PMC10603687 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture, a crucial sector of the global food industry, faces a myriad of issues due to parasitic invasions. One such parasite, Microcotyle sebastis, which afflicts Korean rockfish in South Korea, has a significant economic impact. The impending danger of resistance to traditional anthelmintics necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic candidates. Although the efficacy of salinomycin against aquatic parasites such as ciliates and sporozoans is known, its influence on monogeneans has yet to be studied. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy and safety of salinomycin for the treatment of M. sebastis infections, presenting the first exploration of salinomycin's therapeutic potential against monogeneans. In vitro examinations revealed a minimum effective concentration of salinomycin of 5 mg/kg, which led to necrosis of the haptor upon dislodging from the gill filaments. The one-time oral administration of the drug at concentrations of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in parasite counts, with no apparent behavioral side effects in Korean rockfish. Biochemical analyses monitored the liver, heart, and kidney enzymes, specifically aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB). At both 20 °C and 13 °C, no significant differences were observed in the levels of AST and ALT. However, at 20 °C, alterations in BUN levels were evident on Day 14, a deviation not observed at 13 °C. The CK-MB analysis revealed elevated enzyme levels at both temperatures when compared to the control group, reflecting the similar changes observed in terrestrial animals administered salinomycin. The biochemical data suggest that the oral administration of salinomycin is potentially more favorable at 13 °C than at 20 °C. Although our findings warrant further comprehensive studies, including on the long-term and potential effects on nontarget species and water quality, they also suggest that salinomycin could be considered as an alternative or adjunctive treatment if resistance to the currently used praziquantel against M. sebastis is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungsik Kang
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Son
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyeong Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Seo
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 2 Tongyeonghaean-ro, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
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Janes D, Suehs B, Gatlin DM. Dietary creatine and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation have limited effects on hybrid striped bass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:399-407. [PMID: 37069332 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of creatine and guanidinoacetic acid (GDA) have been studied to a limited extent in various fish species including red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and hybrid striped bass (HBS) (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops). However, in HSB, there is a need to better understand the impact of creatine and GDA supplementation at elevated salinity which may be encountered by this euryhaline fish. Therefore, two separate feeding trials were conducted at a salinity ranging from 15 to 20 g/L with juvenile HSB for 9 and 8 weeks to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine and GDA. In each trial, four diets were formulated with either singular additions of creatine at 2% of dry weight, GDA at 1% of dry weight, or a combination of both. Fish grew adequately in both feeding trials but no significant (P > 0.05) effects of supplemental creatine or GDA were observed on weight gain, feed efficiency, survival, hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF ratio), or protein conversion efficiency (PCE). However, fish fed diets supplemented with creatine had significantly (P < 0.05) increased ash and reduced lipid deposition in whole-body tissues in the first feeding trial. Supplemental creatine also resulted in significantly higher muscle yield in the second trial, but no other effects on growth performance or body composition were observed. The addition of GDA to the diet had little effect except for significantly increasing the creatine content in the liver of fish in both feeding trials due to its role as a precursor and a catalyst for synthesis of creatine within the body. Based on the results of these two trials, supplemental creatine and GDA had rather limited effects on HSB cultured in moderately saline water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Janes
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Blaine Suehs
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Delbert M Gatlin
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA.
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Hua Y, Huang W, Wang F, Jing Z, Li J, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Metabolites, gene expression, and gut microbiota profiles suggest the putative mechanisms via which dietary creatine increases the serum taurine and g-ABA contents in Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:253-274. [PMID: 36897433 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A 90-day experiment was conducted to explore the effects of creatine on growth performance, liver health status, metabolites, and gut microbiota in Megalobrama amblycephala. There were 6 treatments as follows: control (CD, 29.41% carbohydrates), high carbohydrate (HCD, 38.14% carbohydrates), betaine (BET, 1.2% betaine + 39.76% carbohydrates), creatine 1 (CRE1, 0.5% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.29% carbohydrates), creatine 2 (CRE2, 1% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.50% carbohydrates), and creatine 3 (CRE3, 2% creatine + 1.2% betaine + 39.44% carbohydrates). The results showed that supplementing creatine and betaine together reduced the feed conversion ratio significantly (P < 0.05, compared to CD and HCD) and improved liver health (compared to HCD). Compared with the BET group, dietary creatine significantly increased the abundances of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, ZOR0006, and Bacteroides and decreased the abundances of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Vibrio, Crenobacter, and Shewanella in the CRE1 group. Dietary creatine increased the content of taurine, arginine, ornithine, γ-aminobutyric acid (g-ABA), and creatine (CRE1 vs. BET group) and the expression of creatine kinase (ck), sulfinoalanine decarboxylase (csad), guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (gamt), glycine amidinotransferase (gatm), agmatinase (agmat), diamine oxidase1 (aoc1), and glutamate decarboxylase (gad) in the CRE1 group. Overall, these results suggested that dietary supplementation of creatine (0.5-2%) did not affect the growth performance, but it altered the gut microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels, which might be beneficial to the gut health of M. amblycephala; dietary creatine also increased the serum content of taurine by enhancing the expressions of ck and csad and increased the serum content of g-ABA by enhancing the arginine content and the expressions of gatm, agmat, gad, and aoc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Hua
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wangwang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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De Marco G, Billè B, Brandão F, Galati M, Pereira P, Cappello T, Pacheco M. Differential Cell Metabolic Pathways in Gills and Liver of Fish (White Seabream Diplodus sargus) Coping with Dietary Methylmercury Exposure. TOXICS 2023; 11:181. [PMID: 36851056 PMCID: PMC9961322 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous and persistent trace element. Its organic and highly toxic form, methylmercury (MeHg), easily crosses biological membranes and accumulates in biota. Nevertheless, understanding the mechanisms of dietary MeHg toxicity in fish remains a challenge. A time-course experiment was conducted with juvenile white seabreams, Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758), exposed to realistic levels of MeHg in feed (8.7 μg g-1, dry weight), comprising exposure (E; 7 and 14 days) and post-exposure (PE; 28 days) periods. Total Hg levels increased with time in gills and liver during E and decreased significantly in PE (though levels of control fish were reached only for gills), with liver exhibiting higher levels (2.7 times) than gills. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics revealed multiple and often differential metabolic changes between fish organs. Gills exhibited protein catabolism, disturbances in cholinergic neurotransmission, and changes in osmoregulation and lipid and energy metabolism. However, dietary MeHg exposure provoked altered protein metabolism in the liver with decreased amino acids, likely for activation of defensive strategies. PE allowed for the partial recovery of both organs, even if with occurrence of oxidative stress and changes of energy metabolism. Overall, these findings support organ-specific responses according to their sensitivity to Hg exposure, pointing out that indications obtained in biomonitoring studies may depend also on the selected organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Billè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariachiara Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Schrama D, Czolk R, Raposo de Magalhães C, Kuehn A, Rodrigues PM. Fish Allergenicity Modulation Using Tailored Enriched Diets—Where Are We? Front Physiol 2022; 13:897168. [PMID: 35694394 PMCID: PMC9174421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to specific proteins in a certain food. The chronicity, prevalence, and the potential fatality of food allergy, make it a serious socio-economic problem. Fish is considered the third most allergenic food in the world, affecting part of the world population with a higher incidence in children and adolescents. The main allergen in fish, responsible for the large majority of fish-allergic reactions in sensitized patients, is a small and stable calcium-binding muscle protein named beta-parvalbumin. Targeting the expression or/and the 3D conformation of this protein by adding specific molecules to fish diets has been the innovative strategy of some researchers in the fields of fish allergies and nutrition. This has shown promising results, namely when the apo-form of β-parvalbumin is induced, leading in the case of gilthead seabream to a 50% reduction of IgE-reactivity in fish allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pedro M. Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Pedro M. Rodrigues,
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Schrama D, Raposo de Magalhães C, Cerqueira M, Carrilho R, Farinha AP, Rosa da Costa AM, Gonçalves A, Kuehn A, Revets D, Planchon S, Engrola S, Rodrigues PM. Effect of creatine and EDTA supplemented diets on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) allergenicity, fish muscle quality and omics fingerprint. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100941. [PMID: 34814088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relatively easy access to fish worldwide, alongside the increase of aquaculture production contributes to increased fish consumption which result in higher prevalence of respective allergies. Allergies to fish constitute a significant concern worldwide. β-parvalbumin is the main elicitor for IgE-mediated reactions. Creatine, involved in the muscle energy metabolism, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a calcium chelator, are potential molecules to modulate parvalbumin. The purpose of this study was to test creatine (2, 5 and 8%) and EDTA (1.5, 3 and 4.5%) supplementation in fish diets to modulate β-parvalbumin expression and structure and its allergenicity in farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) while assessing its effects on the end-product quality. Fish welfare and muscle quality parameters were evaluated by plasma metabolites, rigor mortis, muscle pH and sensory and texture analysis. Proteomics was used to assess alterations in muscle proteome profile and metabolic fingerprinting by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the liver metabolic profile. In addition, IgE-reactivity to parvalbumin was analysed using fish allergic patient sera. Metabolic fingerprinting of liver tissue revealed no major alterations in infrared spectra with creatine supplementation, while with EDTA, only absorption bands characteristic of lipids were altered. Comparative proteomics showed up regulation of (tropo) myosin and phosphoglycerate mutase 2 with Creatine supplementation. In the case of EDTA proteomics showed up regulation of proteins involved in cellular and ion homeostasis. Allergenicity seems not to be modulated with creatine or EDTA supplementation as no decreased expression levels were found and IgE-binding reactivity showed no quantitative differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Cerqueira
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carrilho
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Farinha
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rosa da Costa
- CIQA, Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- IPMA I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, 29, Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dominique Revets
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, 29, Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sofia Engrola
- CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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10
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Nabi N, Ahmed I, Bilal Wani G. Hematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in Himalayan aquaculture: Morphology, morphometrics and quantification of peripheral blood cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2942-2957. [PMID: 35531244 PMCID: PMC9073141 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo reference intervals (RIs) for a total of thirty two hematological and serum biochemical attributes were established for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in Himalayan aquaculture system. For this purpose, long term assessment of hemato-biochemical parameters was carried over a period of one year from March 2019 to February 2020 and a total of 444 blood samples were analysed. Blood examination results were recorded systematically and reference intervals were established, notably for erythrocyte parameters: hematocrit (Hct) 29–40%, hemoglobin 8.32–12.28 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) count 1.01–2.04 (×106/mm3); leukocyte parameters (x 103/mm3): total leukocytes 31.32–90.60, neutrophils 4.21–18.85, total lymphocytes 20.55–63.63, small lymphocytes 14.86–46.50, large lymphocytes 6.35–22.34 and monocytes 1.22–7.56; thrombocyte count 23.00–68.00 (×106/mm3). RIs were also established for red blood cell indices, vital serum constituents involved in carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nitrogen metabolism including the less known, diagnostically important, serum enzymes and electrolyte concentrations. Principal component analysis revealed that certain serum components were more efficient at distinguishing between the life stages (juvenile, adult) of fish by explaining about 92.7% of variation in the whole dataset compared to the principal hematological components which explained only about 80% of the variation. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were noted for RBC count, total leukocyte count (TLC), total protein, total cholesterol and uric acid with respect to the sex of fish. Moreover, clearly differentiable morphometric and morphological attributes were also noticed among erythrocytes, leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes) and thrombocytes. To our knowledge, the present study is the first of its kind that elucidates blood chemistry of cultured rainbow trout, O. mykiss in accordance to the guidelines framed by the American society of veterinary clinical pathologists (ASVCP). RIs reported here can help monitor the fish health status by improving the use of non-lethal diagnostics in piscine medicine.
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11
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De Marco G, Brandão F, Pereira P, Pacheco M, Cappello T. Organ-Specific Metabolome Deciphering Cell Pathways to Cope with Mercury in Wild Fish (Golden Grey Mullet Chelon auratus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:79. [PMID: 35011185 PMCID: PMC8749613 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful approach in evaluating the health status of organisms in ecotoxicological studies. However, metabolomics data reflect metabolic variations that are attributable to factors intrinsic to the environment and organism, and it is thus crucial to accurately evaluate the metabolome of the tissue/organ examined when it is exposed to no stressor. The metabolomes of the liver and gills of wild golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) from a reference area were analyzed and compared by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics. Both organs were characterized by amino acids, carbohydrates, osmolytes, nucleosides and their derivatives, and miscellaneous metabolites. However, similarities and differences were revealed in their metabolite profile and related to organ-specific functions. Taurine was predominant in both organs due to its involvement in osmoregulation in gills, and detoxification and antioxidant protective processes in liver. Environmental exposure to mercury (Hg) triggered multiple and often differential metabolic alterations in fish organs. Disturbances in ion-osmoregulatory processes were highlighted in the gills, whereas differential impairments between fish organs were pointed out in energy-producing metabolic pathways, protein catabolism, membrane stabilization processes, and antioxidant defense system, reflecting the induction of organ-specific adaptive and defensive strategies. Overall, a strict correlation between metabolites and organ-specific functions of fish gills and liver were discerned in this study, as well as organ-specific cytotoxicity mechanisms of Hg in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.B.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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12
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Auger C, Vinaik R, Appanna VD, Jeschke MG. Beyond mitochondria: Alternative energy-producing pathways from all strata of life. Metabolism 2021; 118:154733. [PMID: 33631145 PMCID: PMC8052308 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency. However, the most significant strengths of the electron transport chain (ETC), its intricacy and efficiency, are also its greatest downfalls. A reliance on metal complexes (FeS clusters, hemes), lipid moities such as cardiolipin, and cofactors including alpha-lipoic acid and quinones render oxidative phosphorylation vulnerable to environmental toxins, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fluctuations in diet. To that effect, it is of interest to note that temporal disruptions in ETC activity in most organisms are rarely fatal, and often a redundant number of failsafes are in place to permit continued ATP production when needed. Here, we highlight the metabolic reconfigurations discovered in organisms ranging from parasitic Entamoeba to bacteria such as pseudomonads and then complex eukaryotic systems that allow these species to adapt to and occasionally thrive in harsh environments. The overarching aim of this review is to demonstrate the plasticity of metabolic networks and recognize that in times of duress, life finds a way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Roohi Vinaik
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.
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13
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Schäfer N, Kaya Y, Rebl H, Stüeken M, Rebl A, Nguinkal JA, Franz GP, Brunner RM, Goldammer T, Grunow B, Verleih M. Insights into early ontogenesis: characterization of stress and development key genes of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in vivo and in vitro. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:515-532. [PMID: 33559015 PMCID: PMC8026417 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are still numerous difficulties in the successful farming of pikeperch in the anthropogenic environment of various aquaculture systems, especially during early developmental steps in the hatchery. To investigate the physiological processes involved on the molecular level, we determined the basal expression patterns of 21 genes involved in stress and immune responses and early ontogenesis of pikeperch between 0 and 175 days post hatch (dph). Their transcription patterns most likely reflect the challenges of growth and feed conversion. The gene coding for apolipoprotein A (APOE) was strongly expressed at 0 dph, indicating its importance for yolk sac utilization. Genes encoding bone morphogenetic proteins 4 and 7 (BMP4, BMP7), creatine kinase M (CKM), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) were highly abundant during the peak phases of morphological changes and acclimatization processes at 4-18 dph. The high expression of genes coding for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta (PPARA, PPARD) at 121 and 175 dph, respectively, suggests their importance during this strong growth phase of juvenile stages. As an alternative experimental model to replace further in vivo investigations of ontogenetically important processes, we initiated the first approach towards a long-lasting primary cell culture from whole pikeperch embryos. The present study provides a set of possible biomarkers to support the monitoring of pikeperch farming and provides a first basis for the establishment of a suitable cell model of this emerging aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Yagmur Kaya
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Stüeken
- Institute of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries, 17194, Hohen Wangelin, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Julien A Nguinkal
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - George P Franz
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bianka Grunow
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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14
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Li X, Zheng S, Wu G. Amino Acid Metabolism in the Kidneys: Nutritional and Physiological Significance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:71-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Schneider K, Adams CE, Elmer KR. Parallel selection on ecologically relevant gene functions in the transcriptomes of highly diversifying salmonids. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1010. [PMID: 31870285 PMCID: PMC6929470 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonid fishes are characterised by a very high level of variation in trophic, ecological, physiological, and life history adaptations. Some salmonid taxa show exceptional potential for fast, within-lake diversification into morphologically and ecologically distinct variants, often in parallel; these are the lake-resident charr and whitefish (several species in the genera Salvelinus and Coregonus). To identify selection on genes and gene categories associated with such predictable diversifications, we analysed 2702 orthogroups (4.82 Mbp total; average 4.77 genes/orthogroup; average 1783 bp/orthogroup). We did so in two charr and two whitefish species and compared to five other salmonid lineages, which do not evolve in such ecologically predictable ways, and one non-salmonid outgroup. Results All selection analyses are based on Coregonus and Salvelinus compared to non-diversifying taxa. We found more orthogroups were affected by relaxed selection than intensified selection. Of those, 122 were under significant relaxed selection, with trends of an overrepresentation of serine family amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation, and significant enrichment of behaviour-associated gene functions. Seventy-eight orthogroups were under significant intensified selection and were enriched for signalling process and transcriptional regulation gene ontology terms and actin filament and lipid metabolism gene sets. Ninety-two orthogroups were under diversifying/positive selection. These were enriched for signal transduction, transmembrane transport, and pyruvate metabolism gene ontology terms and often contained genes involved in transcriptional regulation and development. Several orthogroups showed signs of multiple types of selection. For example, orthogroups under relaxed and diversifying selection contained genes such as ap1m2, involved in immunity and development, and slc6a8, playing an important role in muscle and brain creatine uptake. Orthogroups under intensified and diversifying selection were also found, such as genes syn3, with a role in neural processes, and ctsk, involved in bone remodelling. Conclusions Our approach pinpointed relevant genomic targets by distinguishing among different kinds of selection. We found that relaxed, intensified, and diversifying selection affect orthogroups and gene functions of ecological relevance in salmonids. Because they were found consistently and robustly across charr and whitefish and not other salmonid lineages, we propose these genes have a potential role in the replicated ecological diversifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin E Adams
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, G63 0AW, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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16
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Borchel A, Verleih M, Kühn C, Rebl A, Goldammer T. Evolutionary expression differences of creatine synthesis-related genes: Implications for skeletal muscle metabolism in fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5429. [PMID: 30931999 PMCID: PMC6443941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The creatine/phosphocreatine system is the principal energy buffer in mammals, but is scarcely documented in fish. We measured the gene expression of major enzymes of this system, glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) and muscle-type creatine kinase (CKM) in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues of fish and mammals. CKM was expressed strongly in the muscles of all examined species. In contrast, GATM and GAMT were strongly expressed in the muscle tissue of fish, but not of mammals. This indicates that creatine synthesis and usage are spatially separated in mammals, but not in fish, which is supported by RNA-Seq data of 25 species. Differences in amino acid metabolism along with methionine adenosyltransferase gene expression in muscle from fishes but not mammals further support a central metabolic role of muscle in fish, and hence different organization of the creatine/phosphocreatine biosynthesis system in higher and lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borchel
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- SLRC-Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Mailbox 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Kühn
- Institute of Fisheries, State Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LFA MV), Fischerweg 408, 18069, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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17
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Ramos-Pinto L, Lopes G, Sousa V, Castro LFC, Schrama D, Rodrigues P, Valente LMP. Dietary Creatine Supplementation in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Increases Dorsal Muscle Area and the Expression of myod1 and capn1 Genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:161. [PMID: 30984105 PMCID: PMC6448531 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) is an amino acid derivative with an important role in the cell as energy buffer that has been largely used as dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and lean body mass in healthy individuals and athletes. However, studies in fish are scarce. The aim of this work is to determine whether dietary Cr supplementation affects muscle growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Fish were fed ad libitum for 69 days with diets containing three increasing levels of creatine monohydrate (2, 5, and 8%) that were compared with a non-supplemented control (CTRL) diet. At the end of the trial, the fast-twist skeletal muscle growth dynamics (muscle cellularity) and the expression of muscle-related genes were evaluated. There was a general trend for Cr-fed fish to be larger and longer than those fed the CTRL, but no significant differences in daily growth index (DGI) were registered among dietary treatments. The dorsal cross-sectional muscle area (DMA) of fish fed Cr 5 and Cr 8% was significantly larger than that of fish fed CTRL. The groups supplemented with Cr systematically had a higher relative number of both small-sized (≤20 μm) and large-sized fibers (≥120 μm). Dorsal total fibers number was highest in fish fed 5% Cr. In fish supplemented with 5% Cr, the relative expression of myogenic differentiation 1 (myod1) increased almost four times compared to those fed the CTRL diet. The relative expression of calpain 3 (capn3) was highest in fish fed diets with 2% Cr supplementation, but did not differ significantly from those fed the CTRL or Cr 5%. The myod1 gene expression had a positive and significant correlation with that of capn1, capns1a, and capn3 expression. These results suggest that the observed modulation of gene expression was not enough to produce a significant alteration in muscle phenotype under the tested conditions, as a non-significant increase in muscle fiber diameter and higher total number of fiber was observed, but still resulted in increased DMA. Additional studies may be required in order to better clarify the effect of dietary Cr supplementation in fish, possibly in conjunction with induced resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Sousa
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve (CCMAR), University of Algarve, de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve (CCMAR), University of Algarve, de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Algarve, de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. P. Valente
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Luísa M. P. Valente
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18
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Schrama D, Cerqueira M, Raposo CS, Rosa da Costa AM, Wulff T, Gonçalves A, Camacho C, Colen R, Fonseca F, Rodrigues PM. Dietary Creatine Supplementation in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata): Comparative Proteomics Analysis on Fish Allergens, Muscle Quality, and Liver. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1844. [PMID: 30622481 PMCID: PMC6308192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of fish flesh depends on the skeletal muscle's energetic state and delaying energy depletion through diets supplementation could contribute to the preservation of muscle's quality traits and modulation of fish allergens. Food allergies represent a serious public health problem worldwide with fish being one of the top eight more allergenic foods. Parvalbumins, have been identified as the main fish allergen. In this study, we attempted to produce a low allergenic farmed fish with improved muscle quality in controlled artificial conditions by supplementing a commercial fish diet with different creatine percentages. The supplementation of fish diets with specific nutrients, aimed at reducing the expression of parvalbumin, can be considered of higher interest and beneficial in terms of food safety and human health. The effects of these supplemented diets on fish growth, physiological stress, fish muscle status, and parvalbumin modulation were investigated. Data from zootechnical parameters were used to evaluate fish growth, food conversion ratios and hepatosomatic index. Physiological stress responses were assessed by measuring cortisol releases and muscle quality analyzed by rigor mortis and pH. Parvalbumin, creatine, and glycogen concentrations in muscle were also determined. Comparative proteomics was used to look into changes in muscle and liver tissues at protein level. Our results suggest that the supplementation of commercial fish diets with creatine does not affect farmed fish productivity parameters, or either muscle quality. Additionally, the effect of higher concentrations of creatine supplementation revealed a minor influence in fish physiological welfare. Differences at the proteome level were detected among fish fed with different diets. Differential muscle proteins expression was identified as tropomyosins, beta enolase, and creatine kinase among others, whether in liver several proteins involved in the immune system, cellular processes, stress, and inflammation response were modulated. Regarding parvalbumin modulation, the tested creatine percentages added to the commercial diet had also no effect in the expression of this protein. The use of proteomics tools showed to be sensitive to infer about changes of the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding fish responses to external stimulus, providing a holistic and unbiased view on fish allergens and muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Cerqueira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana M. Rosa da Costa
- Centro de Investigação de Química do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tune Wulff
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Colen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Flávio Fonseca
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Hajirezaee S, Mirvaghefi A, Farahmand H, Agh N. NMR-based metabolomic study on the toxicological effects of pesticide, diazinon on adaptation to sea water by endangered Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus fingerlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:213-226. [PMID: 28697427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NMR-based metabolomics was applied to explore metabolic impacts of diazinon on sea water adaptation of Persian sturgeon fingerlings, Acipenser persicus. Fingerlings were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon in freshwater (FW) for 96 h (short-term trial) and 12 days (long-term trial) and then exposed in brackish water (BW) (12 mg L-1 salinity) for 24 h. After 96 h and 12 days exposure in FW, identified metabolites (amino acids, osmolytes, energy metabolites) showed different change-patterns compared to control group (P < 0.05) as follow: (A) short-term trial: higher plasma levels of glucose, lactate (in all diazinon-exposed fish), acetate and acetoacetate (in 0.9 mg L-1diazinon treatment); lower levels of creatine (in all diazinon-exposed fish), trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, taurine, betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine and almost all amino acids in fish exposed to high concentrations of diazinon (0.54 and 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon). (B) Long-term trial: higher plasma levels of lipid oxidation metabolites and almost all amino acids in fish exposed to 0.54 and 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon; lower levels of creatine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, N,N-dimethylglycine, betaine, choline (in all diazinon-exposed fish), glucose (in 0.54 and 0.9 mg L-1diazinon treatments) and taurine (in 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon treatment). When fish were exposed in BW for 24 h, the plasma levels of osmolytes decreased significantly in almost all experimental groups of short-term and long-term trial (P < 0.05). In short-term trial, the plasma levels of glucose in all groups and lactate in 0.18 and 0.54 mg L-1 diazinon treatments increased after salinity challenge (P < 0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in lactate levels in 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon treatment (P < 0.05). Also, the plasma levels of amino acids decreased mostly in fish of control group than exposed fish (P < 0.05). The plasma glycerol concentration showed a significant decrease only in fish of 0.54 mg L-1 diazinon treatment (P < 0.05). In long term trial, the energetic metabolites (acetate, acetoacetate, glycerol) showed significant increases mostly in fish exposed to high concentrations of diazinon (P < 0.05). Phosphocreatine was detected only in groups exposed to 0.54 and 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon. Some amino acids decreased in control and diazinon-exposed groups while glycine (in control and 0.18 mg L-1 diazinon treatment), glutamine and alanine (in 0.9 mg L-1 diazinon treatment) elevated significantly after 24 h acclimation in BW (P < 0.05). Our results may help to understand the effects of pesticides on fish osmoregulation from a metabolic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hajirezaee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirvaghefi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamid Farahmand
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Naser Agh
- Department of Aquaculture, Urmia Lake Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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20
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Identification of genes involved in cold-shock response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Genet 2017; 96:701-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Rebl A, Rebl H, Köbis JM, Goldammer T, Seyfert HM. ST2 from rainbow trout quenches TLR signalling, localises at the nuclear membrane and allows the nuclear translocation of MYD88. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:139-152. [PMID: 27776995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 receptor (IL1RL1), commonly known as ST2, is thought to downregulate TLR signalling by sequestering the signalling adapter MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88). ST2 sequences are known in several fish species, but none of them have functionally been examined. We characterised ST2 from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the structure of its encoding gene. The primary sequence of ST2 is only weakly conserved from fish to human. However, the amino acid sequences forming the interfaces for ST2 and MYD88 interaction are well conserved throughout evolution. High similarity of the gene segmentation unambiguously proves the common ancestry of fish and mammalian ST2. Trout ST2 and trout MYD88 genes were constitutively expressed in embryonic, larval and adult trout. In vivo infection with Aeromonas salmonicida did not modulate the mRNA levels of both factors. Overexpressing trout ST2 in the mammalian HEK-293 reconstitution system of TLR2 signalling quenched the Escherichia coli-induced activation of NF-κB and SAA promoters in a dose-dependent fashion. The expression of GFP-tagged trout ST2 in human HEK-293 or trout CHSE-214 cells surprisingly revealed that (i) ST2 localised abundantly at the nuclear membrane rather than at the cell membrane and (ii) the coexpression of both ST2 and MYD88 allowed the translocation of trout MYD88 from cytoplasm to nucleus, as assessed using confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Hence, we validated that trout ST2 is a dampener of TLR signalling and interacts with MYD88. The spatial distribution of these factors raises questions about how this repressive mechanism functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Judith M Köbis
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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