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Mechanotransduction pathways in articular chondrocytes and the emerging role of estrogen receptor-α. Bone Res 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 36869045 PMCID: PMC9984452 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the synovial joint, mechanical force creates an important signal that influences chondrocyte behavior. The conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical cues relies on different elements in mechanotransduction pathways and culminates in changes in chondrocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix composition/structure. Recently, several mechanosensors, the first responders to mechanical force, have been discovered. However, we still have limited knowledge about the downstream molecules that enact alterations in the gene expression profile during mechanotransduction signaling. Recently, estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been shown to modulate the chondrocyte response to mechanical loading through a ligand-independent mechanism, in line with previous research showing that ERα exerts important mechanotransduction effects on other cell types, such as osteoblasts. In consideration of these recent discoveries, the goal of this review is to position ERα into the mechanotransduction pathways known to date. Specifically, we first summarize our most recent understanding of the mechanotransduction pathways in chondrocytes on the basis of three categories of actors, namely mechanosensors, mechanotransducers, and mechanoimpactors. Then, the specific roles played by ERα in mediating the chondrocyte response to mechanical loading are discussed, and the potential interactions of ERα with other molecules in mechanotransduction pathways are explored. Finally, we propose several future research directions that may advance our understanding of the roles played by ERα in mediating biomechanical cues under physiological and pathological conditions.
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TLR-8, TNF-α, and ESR-1α Gene Polymorphism Susceptibility in Onset of Arthritis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:9208765. [PMID: 36262248 PMCID: PMC9553836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9208765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a genetic disorder characterized by bones and joint degradation assisted by severe pain and inflammation. It is evident by the studies that 0 candidate genes variations play vital role in its development and progression. Therefore, we investigated the genetic variation of TLR-8, TNF, and ESR-1α genes in the Pakistani population. A case-control study comprising 300 RA, 316 OA, and 412 control subjects was conducted. PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing methods were used for determining genetic variations. Analysis was performed by using PLINK and MEGA 6.0 software. Allelic and genetic frequencies of polymorphisms identified on rs3764879 (TLR-8), rs3764880 (TLR-8), rs5744080 (TLR-8), rs1800629 (TNF), rs2228480 (ESR-1α), and rs1451501590 (ESR-1α) were significantly varied among RA, OA, and controls. Novel functional mutations SCV000844945 and SCV000844946 on TLR-8 as well as a non-functional SCV000804801 and functional variation SCV000804802 on ESR-1α were also identified and reported for the first time in the studied population. Multiple site analyses indicated that polymorphisms on TLR-8 and ESR-1α genes were significant risk factors in disease onset to the next generation. In conclusion, TLR-08 and ESR-1α were significant in the onset of arthritis whereas the TNF was not found as a significant risk factor in the onset of RA and OA.
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Hughbanks ML, Rodriguez-Fontan F, Kleck CJ, Burger-Van der Walt E. Estrogen receptor Alpha in human knee articular cartilage of healthy and osteoarthritic females. J Orthop 2021; 27:1-8. [PMID: 34413582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Estrogen and osteoarthritis association has previously been proposed. This study evaluates the presence of estrogen receptors (ER)-α in articular cartilage, and its association. Methods A prospective cohort study of women undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (controls) or total knee arthroplasty (cases) was performed. Cartilage samples were processed and ER-α expression was quantified. Results Twenty patients were included: 12 cases and 8 controls. ER-α expression was higher in the case subjects. Conclusion Increased ER-α expression is associated with age, and degeneration. This suggests estrogen deficiency is a risk for osteoarthritis and is inversely related to proliferative looking chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Hughbanks
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Kleck
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,The Spine Center at University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evalina Burger-Van der Walt
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,The Spine Center at University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
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Polycystic ovary syndrome and (pre)osteoarthritis: assessing the link between hyperandrogenism in young women and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein as a marker of cartilage breakdown. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4217-4223. [PMID: 33948768 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to analyze the link between hyperandrogenism and early clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA), knee cartilage thickness, and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare them with healthy volunteers. METHODS Fifty-four PCOS patients who met the Rotterdam criteria with phenotypes A, B, and C were included. They were compared with 26 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Detailed anthropometric measurements and clinical evaluation for hyperandrogenism were performed for all participants who also filled in the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. Furthermore, laboratory tests including sCOMP and hormone quantification were performed in a fasting stage. Finally, an ultrasound assessment was carried out in randomly selected 56 study participants. RESULTS PCOS women reported more prominent knee-related symptoms (p = 0.035) and more impaired activities of daily living (ADL) (p = 0.001) than controls. Cartilage thickness of the left and right medial condyle and left lateral condyle was significantly greater in PCOS group (n = 41) than in control group (n = 15) (p = 0.05, p = 0.006, and p = 0.036, respectively). COMP correlated significantly and negatively with testosterone levels (p = 0.029, r = - 0.297) in women with PCOS and the correlation remained significant after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS may experience knee-related symptoms and impaired ADL. They had greater knee femoral cartilage thickness. Although sCOMP levels did not significantly differ between the groups, lower levels of sCOMP may be inherent to PCOS patients with higher testosterone levels. Key Points • Although PCOS patients may experience more prominent knee related symptoms, their femoral cartilage of the knee joint is found thicker than controls. • PCOS patients did not have significantly elevated levels of sCOMP. • Lower sCOMP levels were related to higher testosterone levels.
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Huang YH, Fang WH, Tsai DJ, Chen YH, Wang YC, Su W, Kao CC, Yi K, Wang CC, Su SL. The Decisive Case-Control Study Elaborates the Null Association between ESR1 XbaI and Osteoarthritis in Asians: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030404. [PMID: 33808990 PMCID: PMC7999595 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in women is significantly higher than in men. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been considered to play a key role due to a large gender difference in its expression. ERα is encoded by the gene estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), which is widely studied to explore the gender difference in knee OA. Several polymorphisms in ESR1 [PvuII (rs2234693) and BtgI (rs2228480)] were confirmed as the risk factors of OA. However, the evidence of the last widely investigated polymorphism, ESR1 Xbal (rs9340799), is still insufficient for concluding its effect on knee OA. (2) Objective: This study proposed a case-control study to investigate the association between ESR1 Xbal and knee OA. Moreover, a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted to enlarge the sample size for obtaining a conclusive evidence. (3) Methods: In total, 497 knee OA cases and 473 healthy controls were recruited between March 2015 and July 2018. The Kellgren-Lawrence grading system was used to identify the knee OA cases. To improve the evidence level of our study, we conducted a meta-analysis including the related studies published up until December 2018 from PubMed, Embase, and previous meta-analysis. The results are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for evaluating the effect of this polymorphism on knee OA risk. TSA was used to estimate the sample sizes required in this issue. (4) Results: We found non-significant association between the G allele and knee OA [Crude-OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.78-1.20) and adjusted-OR: 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71-1.15) in allele model] in the present case-control study, and the analysis of other genetic models showed a similar trend. After including six published studies and our case-control studies, the current evidence with 3174 Asians showed the conclusively null association between ESR1 XbaI and knee OA [OR: 0.78 (95% CI: 0.59-1.04)] with a high heterogeneity (I2: 78%). The result of Caucasians also concluded the null association [OR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.56-1.95), I2: 87%]. (5) Conclusions: The association between ESR1 XbaI and knee OA was not similar with other polymorphisms in ESR1, which is not a causal relationship. This study integrated all current evidence to elaborate this conclusion for suggesting no necessity of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Dung-Jang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Chiao Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Department of Education & Medical Research, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Wen Su
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Cheng Kao
- Superintendent’s Office, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 10581, Taiwan;
| | - Kevin Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA;
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (S.-L.S.)
| | - Sui-Lung Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.W.); (S.-L.S.)
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Genetic estrogen receptor alpha gene PvuII polymorphism in susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population: A southern Jiangsu study. Knee 2020; 27:803-808. [PMID: 32144005 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis and genetic factors play an important role in KOA pathogenesis. Some studies have reported the association of estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) gene polymorphism and KOA susceptibility in different populations. This study was designed to verify whether ESRα gene polymorphism (rs2234693) was associated with primary KOA in a Chinese Han population living in the south of Jiangsu. METHODS A case-control association study on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2234693 was performed, and a total of 1953 subjects (1033 OA cases and 920 controls) were genotyped. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between KOA cases and control participants. RESULTS SNP rs2234693 was significantly associated with KOA in the dominant genetic model (TT + TC vs. CC) in all the subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.66; P = .03), and T allele frequency was also higher compared with allele C (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.06-1.80; P = .02). After stratification by gender, there was no evident difference between the two groups in female and male subjects (P > .05). With a stratification for KOA severity, the combined genotype (TT + TC) (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.12-1.94; P < .01) and T allele (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.19-2.19; P < .01) were evidently associated with mild KOA, but not with severe KOA. CONCLUSIONS ESRα gene is of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of early-stage KOA in a Chinese Han population living in southern Jiangsu.
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Ahrar H, Aghili K, Sobhan MR, Mahdinezhad-Yazdi M, Akbarian-Bafghi MJ, Neamatzadeh H. Association of rs2234693 and rs9340799 polymorphisms of estrogen Receptor-1 gene with radiographic defined knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. J Orthop 2019; 16:234-240. [PMID: 30906130 PMCID: PMC6411600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of ESR1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 polymorphisms with radiographic defined knee osteoarthritis (OA), a case-control and meta-analysis was performed. METHODS A total of 25 case-control studies with 7,144 cases and 8,468 controls with were included. RESULTS There was a significant association between rs2234693 polymorphism and radiographic knee OA under heterozygote model (CT vs. TT: OR = 1.164, 95% CI 1.053-1.286, p = 0.003). However, there was no association between rs9340799 and radiographic knee OA. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, risk estimates were not augmented. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the ESR1 rs2234693 polymorphism might be associated with radiographic defined knee OA, but not rs9340799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ahrar
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kazem Aghili
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sobhan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Maternal and Neonatal Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Toprak M, Ates O, Ozsoy AZ, Bozkurt N, Sezer Sondas S, Cakmak B, Yılmaz Dogru H, Delibas İB, Demirturk F. Analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms in leiomyoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22704. [PMID: 30390345 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyoma, one of the most common benign tumors, causes morbidity during the reproductive years in women. The molecular pathogenesis of the disease is not clear. Leiomyomas are hormone-sensitive tumors affecting around 20%-25% of women. Gene polymorphism studies could be important and explaining in the evaluation of multifactorial diseases such as leiomyoma. Polymorphisms involving genes responsible for the synthesis and signalization of steroid hormones could be used as genetic markers for hormone-related conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ERα-351 XbaI A/G, ERα-397 PvuII T/C, and progesterone receptor (PGR) PROGINS polymorphisms on the development of leiomyomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 213 samples (103 leiomyoma patients and 110 healthy controls) participated. The ERα-351 XbaI A/G and ERα-397 PvuII T/C gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. PGR PROGINS polymorphism was analyzed by PCR method with specific primers. RESULTS The genotype distribution and allele frequency of the ERα-351 XbaI A/G, ERα-397 PvuII T/C, and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms were not statistically different between leiomyoma patient and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reflects that ERα and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms may not be one of the many genetic factors for leiomyoma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Toprak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Omer Ates
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Asker Zeki Ozsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nihan Bozkurt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Saime Sezer Sondas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Bülent Cakmak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yılmaz Dogru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İlhan Bahri Delibas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fazlı Demirturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Association of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null/present polymorphism with physical performance in the Korean population. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:71-78. [PMID: 30203367 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human physical performance is a highly complex phenotype that is influenced by various factors. In particular, genetic factors related to muscle fiber type, bone density, muscle performance, and metabolic processes are known to contribute in varying degrees to athlete status and physical performance in various ethnic groups. To investigate the relationship between these genetic factors and physical performances, we genotyped five genetic polymorphisms (ACE Ins/Del, ACTN3 R577X, ER-α C/T, GSTM1 null/present, and GSTT1 null/present) in 111 Korean athletes and 145 controls. We examined genotype and allele frequency differences between athletes and control groups, along with the odds ratios, using Chi square. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance of differences in continuous variables between the multiple genetic polymorphisms and physical performance test results. The GSTM1 polymorphism exhibited a highly significant association in athletes (p = 0.017). Combined analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 also revealed significant differences between athletes and controls (p < 0.05). In the analysis of physical performance within athletes, the ER-α gene polymorphism was associated with the sargent jump and the side-step (p < 0.05), and the GSTM1 gene polymorphism was significantly associated with the 20 m shuttle run and sit-up (p < 0.05). Thus, our data imply that GSTM1 and ER-α gene polymorphisms were associated with physical performance in Korean athletes, although functional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to elaborate upon these findings.
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Yazdi MM, Jamalaldini MH, Sobhan MR, Jafari M, Mazaheri M, Zare-Shehneh M, Neamatzadeh H. Association of ESRα Gene Pvu II T>C, XbaI A>G and BtgI G>A Polymorphisms with Knee Osteoarthritis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on 22 Case-Control Studies. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2017; 5:351-362. [PMID: 29299489 PMCID: PMC5736883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported the association of estrogen receptor α gene (ESRα) ESRα PvuII T>C, XbaI A>G and BtgI G>A polymorphisms with Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) risk, but the results remained controversial. In order to drive a more precise estimation, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between ESRα polymorphisms and KOA susceptibility. METHODS Eligible articles were identified by search of databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google scholar up to March 1, 2017. Data were extracted by two independent authors and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS A total of 22 case-control studies in eleven publications with 6,575 KOA cases and 7,459 controls were included in the meta-analysis. By pooling all the studies, either ESRα PvuII T>C and XbaI A>G polymorphisms was not associated with KOA risk in the overall population. However, ESRα BtgI G>A was significantly associated with KOA risk under all five genetic models. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant association was observed between ESRα PvuII T>C polymorphism and KOA risk in Asians under heterozygote model. In addition, significant association was found between ESRα XbaI A>G polymorphism and KOA in Caucasians under allelic, homozygote, dominant and recessive models. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that ESRα BtgI G>A rather than ESRα PvuII T>C and XbaI A>G polymorphisms is associated with an increased KOA risk in overall population. Moreover, we have found that ESRα PvuII T>C and XbaI A>G polymorphisms associated with KOA susceptibility by ethnicity backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mahdinezhad Yazdi
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohamad H Jamalaldini
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sobhan
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Jafari
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahta Mazaheri
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Zare-Shehneh
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Department of Orthopedics, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Expression of Genes and Their Polymorphism Influences the Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis. J Nucleic Acids 2017; 2017:3138254. [PMID: 29129999 PMCID: PMC5654253 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic factors including the level of expression of the fingerprint of genes involved in the development of bones and cartilage such as GDF-5 or ESR-α or CALM-1 are known to be strong determinants of the osteoarthritis (OA) in Caucasian and Oriental populations. Because of high prevalence of OA in Indian population and availability of limited genetic data, we determined whether similar genetic factors are involved in Indians as well. Methods A case control study was carried out involving 500 patients of knee OA and equal number of healthy controls. Genotyping analyses in whole blood, mRNA, and protein expressions in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were performed using established protocols. Results Our results showed a significantly decreased level of mRNA and protein expressions for GDF-5, ESR-α, and CALM-1 genes in PBLs of OA cases when compared to healthy controls. The frequency of variant genotypes of these genes was also increased significantly in cases of OA compared to controls. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the decrease in expression of GDF-5, ESR-α, and CALM-1 in PBLs and association of polymorphism in these genes may be important in predicting the severity and thereby the progression of OA in Indian population.
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Sharma AC, Srivastava RN, Srivastava SR, Parmar D, Singh A, Raj S. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SMAD3 and BMP5 with the Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:GC01-GC04. [PMID: 28764194 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/22371.10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of genetic factors influencing osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility is well documented and several candidate genes have been identified to be associated with it. Among these genes are Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 (BMP5) and Smad family member 3 (SMAD3), all involved in Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) signaling pathway. The knee is the commonly affected joint, and knee OA has an especially high prevalence in Asian population. AIM To investigate associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12901499 in SMAD3 and rs921126 in the BMP5 gene with knee OA susceptibility in and around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNPs rs12901499 in SMAD3 and rs921126 in BMP5 were genotyped in patients with knee OA and age- sex matched OA-free controls from our population. A total of 450 patients with knee OA and 458 controls were enrolled in the study. Venous blood samples were obtained from all cases as well as controls for PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Data was collected and entered in excel sheets. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using statistical software package SPSS version 16.0. Chi-square, Student's t-test and logistic regression tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS GA and GG genotypes of both SNPs (rs12901499 and rs921126), and variant G, were associated with a significantly increased risk of knee OA. A significantly increased risk of knee OA was associated with the genotype GG and GA of rs12901499 (p < 0.03 and p <0.004 respectively) and rs921126 (p< 0.0001 and p<0.001 respectively) compared with the AA genotype. In addition, those bearing at least one G allele (GG + GA) had a significantly increased risk of knee OA compared with those without the G allele (AA) in rs921126 (p< 0.0001). However, in rs12901499, significant association with the risk of knee OA was not found (p<0.4). On age and gender based stratification, the association between the risk of OA and rs921126 GG mutant compared with AA homozygotes was strong in both gender (adjusted OR= 2.93 for male and 2.25 for female) and in those aged >55 years (adjusted OR= 3.4), similarly in rs12901499, GG mutant compared with AA homozygote was strong in female (adjusted OR= 1.5) and in those aged >55 years (adjusted OR= 1.5). CONCLUSION The results showed that both in SMAD3 rs12901499 and BMP5 921126, G allele is significantly associated with knee OA. A to G change and variant G genotype may contribute to knee OA risk in our study population of Lucknow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Chandra Sharma
- PhD Scholar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwar Nath Srivastava
- Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudeepti Ratan Srivastava
- PhD Scholar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Senior Scientist, Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajai Singh
- Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saloni Raj
- MBBS Intern, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis in the elderly. Problems arising from the condition are not only health, physical, and psychological, but also economical and social. OA is a complex disease causes by environmental factors (obesity, female gender, advancing age) and genetics. A strong genetic contribution to primary OA has been observed in several studies. Asian population is undoubtedly genetically different from European, whom most studies have been performed. This review systematically compares results of molecules involved with OA from studies performed on Asian and Caucasian populations. The clear differences between Asian and Caucasian populations may be from the sex- and ethnic-specific nature of the disease, as well as from the inclusion criteria of the studies. Global collaboration is highly significant in understanding genetic underlying OA. Knowledge gained from genetic study is important to the development of prevention and therapeutic intervention, and to identify individuals at risk of developing severe or progressive OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachaneekorn Tammachote
- PhD, Human Genetics Research, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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14
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Park YS, Suh KT, Shin JK, Lee JS. Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Br J Neurosurg 2016; 31:63-66. [PMID: 27399961 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2016.1206186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between development of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and sex hormones. METHODS We investigated the association between DLS and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene polymorphisms in 184 patients with a diagnosis of DLS, by determining the presences of the Pvu II and Xba I polymorphisms, measuring bone mineral densities at the lumbar spine (LSBMD) and femoral neck (FNBMD), and by investigating biochemical markers of bone turnover and comparing these results with those of 220 healthy normal controls. RESULTS Genotype frequencies in DLS patients and controls revealed a significant difference for the Pvu II polymorphism only (p = 0.0287). No significant difference was found between the DLS and control groups with respect to the Xba I polymorphism, bone mineral density (BMD), or biochemical markers. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between the Pvu II polymorphism and BMD, lumbar scoliosis, lateral listhesis, or biochemical markers in patients with DLS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the ERα Pvu II polymorphism influences the prevalence of DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Soo Park
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Sehung Hospital , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Tak Suh
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ki Shin
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University School of Medicine , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University School of Medicine , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Ma H, Wu W, Yang X, Liu J, Gong Y. Genetic effects of common polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha gene on osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13446-13454. [PMID: 26550281 PMCID: PMC4612966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene has been implicated in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the results are conflicting. We assessed the association of three common ESR1 polymorphisms, rs2234693, rs9340799 and rs2228480, with OA in this meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed to identify related studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed or random effects model. RESULTS 15 studies (7036 cases and 9669 controls) for rs2234693 polymorphism, 14 studies (3904 cases and 6991 controls) for rs9340799 and 3 studies (331 cases and 619 controls) for rs2228480 polymorphism were identified. The final results indicated that the G allele in ESR1 rs9340799 was associated with decreased OA risk (GG+GA vs. AA: OR=0.878, 95% CI=0.792-0.972, P=0.012; G vs. A: OR=0.902, 95% CI=0.836-0.975, P=0.009). The A allele in rs2228480 might be associated with increased OA risk. But no significant association of rs2234693 polymorphism with OA susceptibility was observed. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates rs9340799 and rs2228480 rather than rs2234693 polymorphisms are associated with the incidence of OA. Some stable associations should be further confirmed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecheng Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Weiqian Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yubao Gong
- Department of Bone and Joint, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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16
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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of asporin (ASPN) and BMP5 with the risk of knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1603-8. [PMID: 25030405 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms rs13301537 in asporin (ASPN) and rs373444 in the bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) gene with knee osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. ASPN rs13301537 and BMP5 rs373444 polymorphisms were genotyped in patients with knee OA and age- and sex-matched OA-free controls from a Chinese Han population. A total of 510 patients with knee OA and 520 controls were enrolled in the study. CT and CC genotypes of rs13301537, and variant C, were associated with a significantly increased risk of knee OA. On stratification analysis, the association between the risk of OA and rs13301537 CT heterozygotes compared with TT homozygotes was stronger in females and those aged >65 years. In contrast, the CT and CC genotypes of rs373444 in BMP5 were not significantly associated with the risk of knee OA, even after further stratification analysis according to age or sex. Our results showed that ASPN rs13301537 T to C change and variant C genotype may contribute to knee OA risk in a Chinese Han population.
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17
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SUN JIANWEI, YAN BINGSHAN, YIN WANGPING, ZHANG XINCHAO. Identification of genes associated with osteoarthritis by microarray analysis. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5211-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DOT1L gene and risk of knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1677-82. [PMID: 25005768 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12982744 and rs12459350 in the DOT1L gene and knee osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. DOT1L rs12982744 and rs12459350 polymorphisms were genotyped in patients with knee OA and age- and sex-matched OA-free controls from a Chinese Han population. A total of 605 patients with knee OA and 615 controls were enrolled in the study. GC and CC genotypes of rs12982744, and variant C, were associated with a significantly increased risk of knee OA. On stratification analysis, the association between the risk of OA and rs12982744 GC heterozygotes compared with GG homozygotes was stronger in females and those aged >65 years. In contrast, the GA and AA genotypes of rs12459350 were not significantly associated with the risk of knee OA, even after further stratification analysis according to age or sex. Our results showed that DOT1L rs12982744 G to C change and variant C genotype may contribute to knee OA risk in a Chinese Han population.
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Wang Q, Yan XB, Sun QQ, Hu AM, Liu HL, Yin YW. Genetic polymorphism of the estrogen receptor alpha gene and susceptibility to osteoarthritis: evidence based on 15,022 subjects. Curr Med Res Opin 2015; 31:1047-55. [PMID: 25892216 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1037727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) gene polymorphism may influence the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore using a meta-analysis whether rs2234693 (ER-α PvuII T/C) polymorphism confers significant susceptibility to OA. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of all relevant studies published through 17 August 2014 was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane database, Current Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, CBMdisc, CNKI and Google Scholar. All statistical analyses were done with Review Manager 5.1.4. Twelve articles involving 15 studies were included in the final meta-analysis, which contained 6417 OA cases and 8605 controls. Overall, no significant association was found between the rs2234693 polymorphism and OA risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (for C allele vs. T allele: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.94-1.04, p = 0.63; for C/C vs. T/T: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87-1.08, p = 0.53; for C/C vs. T/C + T/T: OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.88-1.06, p = 0.43; for C/C + T/C vs. T/T: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.89-1.14, p = 0.94). In the subgroup analysis, significant association was found between the rs2234693 polymorphism and the OA risk in the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) group (for C/C + T/C vs. T/T: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02-1.29, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that the rs2234693 polymorphism is associated with an increased KOA risk. Additional well designed genome-wide association studies are required to confirm the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Emergency Department, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital , Beijing , China
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20
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Ren Y, Tan B, Yan P, You Y, Wu Y, Wang Y. Association between polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and osteoarthritis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:44. [PMID: 25887457 PMCID: PMC4345010 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease of the joints. Genetic factors may play a role in its development, and polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) have been associated with OA. However, previous studies into this relationship have reported inconsistent results, so we aimed to systematically review the association between ERα polymorphisms and OA susceptibility. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM, and PubMed databases, and Google scholar, and identified 11 eligible studies that examined the association between ERα polymorphisms and OA susceptibility. We carried out a meta-analysis of these studies based on ERα XbaI (rs9340799) and PvuII (rs2234693) genotypes. Results Seventeen comparisons involving 10 European and seven Asian populations of 5,325 OA patients and 10,834 controls were included in the study. The ERα XbaI polymorphism were significantly associated with OA in Europeans (AA vs. AG + GG: OR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.34, P = 0.03; AG vs. AA + GG: OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75–0.99, P = 0.04) but not in Asian populations. No association was found between OA and the ERα PvuII polymorphism in any population (C vs. T, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93–1.03, P = 0.37; CC vs. TT + CT, OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89–1.06, P = 0.55; CT vs. CC + TT, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92–1.06, P = 0.75; TT vs. CC + CT, OR = 1.01, 95% CI =0.92–1.12, P = 0.79). Conclusions This study suggested that there may be a weak relationship between the ERα XbaI polymorphism and OA in Europeans but not Asians, and that the ERα PvuII polymorphism was not associated with OA in either population. However, large well-designed studies are necessary to confirm these results in more homogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi You
- Department of Preventive Health Care, The People's Hospital of Dazu District, Chongqing, 402360, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanqiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Record Management, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hu W, Shuang F, Zou HX, Yang HH. Association between estrogen receptor-alpha gene PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms and osteoarthritis risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:1956-1965. [PMID: 25932124 PMCID: PMC4402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) gene PvuII (T/C) and XbaI (A/G) polymorphisms have been hypothesized to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA) risk by several epidemiological studies, however, the available results were inconclusive and conflicting. We conducted a meta-analysis of 10 case-control studies that included 3328 osteoarthritis cases and 6390 case-free controls. We assessed the strength of the association, using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This meta-analysis showed that the ER-α PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were not associated with OA risk in overall population. For the PvuII (T/C) polymorphism, however, in the subgroup analysis by country, a significantly reduced risk was observed among Chinese (TC vs. CC: OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99, I (2) = 0%, P heterogeneity = 0.498; dominant model, OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.98, I (2) = 0%, P heterogeneity = 0.555). For the XbaI (A/G) polymorphism, when stratifying by sample size, a significantly elevated risk was found in sample size ≤ 500 (AA vs. GG: OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.10-6.18, I (2) = 42.9%, P heterogeneity = 0.135; dominant model: OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.12-3.71, I (2) = 11.4%, P heterogeneity = 0.341; and recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.55, I (2) = 40.2%, P heterogeneity = 0.154). No publication bias was found in the present study. This meta-analysis suggests that ER-α PvuII (T/C) polymorphism may be associated with a reduced OA risk among Chinese and the XbaI (A/G) polymorphism may not be associated with OA risk, while the observed increase in OA risk for XbaI polymorphism may be due to small-study bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 94th Hospital of Chinese PLA Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Feng Shuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 94th Hospital of Chinese PLA Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, The 94th Hospital of Chinese PLA Nanchang 330002, China
| | - Huai-He Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 94th Hospital of Chinese PLA Nanchang 330002, China
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Yucesoy B, Charles LE, Baker B, Burchfiel CM. Occupational and genetic risk factors for osteoarthritis: a review. Work 2015; 50:261-73. [PMID: 24004806 PMCID: PMC4562436 DOI: 10.3233/wor-131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease with strong genetic and occupational components. Although published studies have described several risk factors for OA, very few studies have investigated the occupational and genetic factors that contribute to this debilitating condition. OBJECTIVE To describe occupational and genetic factors that may contribute to the risk of developing (OA). METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the search terms osteoarthritis, occupation, work, and genetics. RESULTS Heavy physical work load was the most common occupational risk factor for OA in several anatomical locations. Other factors include kneeling and regular stair climbing, crawling, bending and whole body vibration, and repetitive movements. Numerous studies have also shown the influence of genetic variability in the pathogenesis of OA. Genetic variants of several groups of genes e.g., cartilage extracellular matrix structural genes and the genes related to bone density have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This review shows that occupational factors were extensively studied in knee OA unlike OA of other anatomical regions. Although genetic association studies performed to date identified a number of risk variants, some of these associations have not been consistently replicated across different studies and populations. Therefore, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berran Yucesoy
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E. Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brent Baker
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cecil M. Burchfiel
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Tawonsawatruk T, Mulpruek P, Hamilton D, Wajanavisit W, Tan S. Evaluating the clinical relevance of codon 594 (g>a) polymorphism of estrogen receptor alpha in knee osteoarthritis. Malays Orthop J 2014; 8:37-40. [PMID: 25347522 PMCID: PMC4093551 DOI: 10.5704/moj.1403.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that oestrogen receptor alpha (ER-α)
polymorphisms are associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
In this study, we assessed whether there was any association
between the codon 594 (G>A) polymorphism in ER-α and
radiographic features of OA or patient function.
Radiographs, WOMAC score and patient reported time of
symptom onset were assessed in 194 patients presenting for
total knee replacement at Ramathibodi hospital over a one
year period. ESR-1 genotyping was assessed. There were
107 (55.15%) patients with common homozygote (GG), 78
(40.20%) patients with heterozygote (GA) and nine (4.65%)
patients with rare homozygote (AA). There was poor
correlation (r = <0.2) between group difference in the
radiographic parameters, time of onset of symptom , or in
WOMAC scores. This polymorphism is not associated with
the clinical features of knee osteoarthritis. The role of this
polymorphism is unlikely then to be used as a biological
marker predicting the progression of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Mulpruek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Df Hamilton
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W Wajanavisit
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Tan
- Department of Radiology, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
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Association of rs9340799 polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha gene with the risk of osteoarthritis: evidence based on 8,792 subjects. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:513-20. [PMID: 25325995 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common skeletal disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients, particularly in the middle-aged and elderly individuals. We aimed to explore whether rs9340799 [estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) XbaI A/G] polymorphism was associated with OA using a meta-analysis. A literature search for eligible studies published before March 28, 2014 was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane database, Current Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, CBMdisc, CNKI, Google Scholar and Baidu Library. The association between the rs9340799 polymorphism and OA risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) together with their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 663 articles were found. After article review and quality assessment, 10 articles involving 2,924 OA cases and 5,868 controls were included in the final meta-analysis. The combined evidence suggested that rs9340799 polymorphism contributed significantly to an increased risk of OA (for G allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.21, 95 % CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.02; for G/G vs. A/A: OR = 1.30, 95 % CI 1.07-1.57, p = 0.009). In the subgroup analyses, significant associations were found between the rs9340799 polymorphism and the OA risk in the European group, Asian group, and knee osteoarthritis group, respectively. These results suggested that the rs9340799 polymorphism might be associated with the risk of OA. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the publication bias.
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Hämäläinen S, Solovieva S, Vehmas T, Luoma K, Leino-Arjas P, Hirvonen A. Genetic influences on hand osteoarthritis in Finnish women--a replication study of candidate genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97417. [PMID: 24825461 PMCID: PMC4019597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aims were to replicate some previously reported associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes (A2BP1, COG5, GDF5, HFE, ESR1) with hand osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine whether genes (BCAP29, DIO2, DUS4L, DVWA, HLA, PTGS2, PARD3B, TGFB1 and TRIB1) associated with OA at other joint sites were associated with hand OA among Finnish women. Design We examined the bilateral hand radiographs of 542 occupationally active Finnish female dentists and teachers aged 45 to 63 and classified them according to the presence of OA by using reference images. Data regarding finger joint pain and other risk factors were collected using a questionnaire. We defined two hand OA phenotypes: radiographic OA in at least three joints (ROA) and symptomatic DIP OA. The genotypes were determined by PCR-based methods. In statistical analysis, we used SNPStats software, the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results Of the SNPs, rs716508 in A2BP1 was associated with ROA (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9) and rs1800470 in TGFB1 with symptomatic DIP OA (1.8, 1.2–2.9). We found an interaction between ESR1 (rs9340799) and occupation: teachers with the minor allele were at an increased risk of symptomatic DIP OA (2.8, 1.3–6.5). We saw no association among the dentists. We also found that the carriage of the COG5 rs3757713 C allele increased the risk of ROA only among women with the BCAP29 rs10953541 CC genotype (2.6; 1.1–6.1). There was also a suggestive interaction between the HFE rs179945 and the ESR1 rs9340799, and the carriage of the minor allele of either of these SNPs was associated with an increased risk of symptomatic DIP OA (2.1, 1.3–2.5). Conclusions Our results support the earlier findings of A2BP1 and TBGF1 being OA susceptibility genes and provide evidence of a possible gene-gene interaction in the genetic influence on hand OA predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Hämäläinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Vehmas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Luoma
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Radiology department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Hirvonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland
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Low-level laser therapy prevents degenerative morphological changes in an experimental model of anterior cruciate ligament transection in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1669-78. [PMID: 24722775 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the prevention of cartilage damage after the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in knees of rats. Thirty male rats (Wistar) were distributed into three groups (n = 10 each): injured control group (CG); injured laser-treated group at 10 J/cm(2) (L10), and injured laser-treated group at 50 J/cm(2) (L50). Laser treatment started immediately after the surgery and it was performed for 15 sessions. An 808 nm laser, at 10 and 50 J/cm(2), was used. To evaluate the effects of LLLT, the qualitative and semi-quantitative histological, morphometric, and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed. Initial signs of tissue degradation were observed in CG. Interestingly, laser-treated animals presented a better tissue organization, especially at the fluence of 10 J/cm(2). Furthermore, laser phototherapy was able of modulating some of the aspects related to the degenerative process, such as the prevention of proteoglycans loss and the increase in cartilage area. However, LLLT was not able of modulating chondrocytes proliferation and the immunoexpression of markers related to inflammatory process (IL-1 and MMP-13). This study showed that 808 nm laser, at both fluences, prevented features related to the articular degenerative process in the knees of rats after ACLT.
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha gene with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study in a Chinese Han population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:151457. [PMID: 24772413 PMCID: PMC3977114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and its multifactorial nature has been increasingly recognized. Genetic factors play an important role in OA etiology and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene polymorphisms may be involved. This study tried to explore whether the ESR1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with primary knee OA in the Chinese Han population. Two SNPs, rs2234693 and rs9340799, were genotyped in 469 cases and 522 controls. Rs2234693 was associated with knee OA in the dominant genetic model (TT + TC versus CC) (P = 0.025) and a higher T allele frequency existed (P = 0.047) among females. The combined genotype (TT + TC) (P = 0.025) and T allele (P = 0.016) were related with mild knee OA only. For rs9340799, A allele was associated with knee OA in all subjects (P = 0.031) and females (P = 0.046). Statistical differences were detected in the dominant genetic model (AA + AG versus GG) among females (P = 0.030). The combined genotype (AA + AG) (P = 0.036) and A allele (P = 0.039) were merely correlated with mild knee OA. ESR1 gene is considerably associated with knee OA etiology in the Chinese Han population.
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Qiu XM, Jin CT, Wang W. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 gene and risk of knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:320-8. [PMID: 24496149 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513507392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2228314 and rs2267443 in the sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 gene (SREBP-2) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. METHODS SREBP-2 rs2228314 and rs2267443 polymorphisms were genotyped in patients with knee OA and age- and sex-matched OA-free controls from a Chinese Han population. RESULTS A total of 402 patients with knee OA and 410 controls were enrolled in the study. GC and CC genotypes of rs2228314, and variant C, were associated with a significantly increased risk of knee OA. On stratification analysis, the association between the risk of OA and rs2228314 GC heterozygotes compared with GG homozygotes was stronger in females and those aged >65 years. In contrast, the GA and AA genotypes of rs2267443 were not significantly associated with the risk of knee OA, even after further stratification analysis according to age or sex. CONCLUSIONS SREBP-2 rs2228314 G to C change and variant C genotype may contribute to knee OA risk in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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dos Santos AA, Oliveira P, Fernandes KR, Rhon L, Tim CR, Vasilceac FA, Pinto KNZ, Mattiello SM, Parizotto NA, Renno ACM. Effects of low-level laser therapy on cartilage repair in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/plm-2013-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the degenerative process in the articular cartilage after an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model in rats.Methods:Eighty male rats (Wistar) were divided into four groups: 1.) intact control group (CG), 2.) injured control group (ICG), 3.) injured laser-treated group at 10 J/cmResults:Initial signs of tissue degradation could be observed 5 weeks post-ACLT, evidenced by the decrease of proteoglycan concentration and increase in cartilage thickness of the ICG. After 8 weeks post-surgery, analysis showed a progression of the degenerative processes in the ICG revealed by the increased cellularity and higher TNF-α, IL1-β and MMP-13 immunoexpression. LLLT was able to modulate some of the aspects relating to the degradative process, such as biomodulation of the number of chondrocyte proliferation, prevention of proteoglycan loss, and decrease of MMP-13 immunoexpression.Conclusion:This study showed that the 685-nm laser irradiation, especially at 10 J/cm
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Lee SW, Song JH, Choi WS, Yoon JH, Kim O, Park YG, Nam SW, Lee JY, Park WS. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the estrogen receptor-β gene, rs1256049, is associated with knee osteoarthritis in Korean population. Knee 2014; 21:242-6. [PMID: 23352710 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens affect articular cartilage metabolism via estrogen receptors (ER) in chondrocytes and are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study is to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) is associated with an increased susceptibility to knee OA. METHODS The possible influence of the SNP of the ER-β was investigated in 286 OA patients and 294 healthy subjects as controls. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and a PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay were used to identify the Rsa polymorphism genotype among healthy controls and OA patients, respectively. RESULTS For rs1256049 (Rsa), frequencies of genotypes GG, GA, and AA were 49.0% (144/294), 43.5% (128/294), and 7.5% (22/294) in healthy controls, and 35.3% (101/286), 45.5% (130/286), and 19.2% (55/286) in OA patients. Frequencies of alleles G and A among healthy controls were 70.7% (416/588) and 29.3% (172/588); whereas those among OA patients were 58.0% (332/572) and 42.0% (240/572). Statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of rs1256049 were observed between OA patients and controls (P<0.0001). In particular, the risk of OA was significantly increased in carriers with the rs1256049A allele and rs1256049 AA homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a close association of rs1256049 ER-β polymorphisms with susceptibility to OA in the Korean population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The rs1256049 polymorphism of the estrogen receptor-β gene can potentially be used to identify genetically high-risk subgroup of osteoarthritis in advance and to understand pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyoun Song
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Association Between Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Back Pain Intensity in Female Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:E53-7. [DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e318260a09c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jiang Y, Yao M, Liu Q, Zhou C. OPN gene polymorphisms influence the risk of knee OA and OPN levels in synovial fluid in a Chinese population. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R3. [PMID: 23289928 PMCID: PMC3672660 DOI: 10.1186/ar4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A body of studies suggests the role of osteopontin (OPN) in onset and development of osteoarthritis (OA), however, the association between OPN polymorphisms and OA susceptibility as well as its clinical features has not been reported. METHODS A total of 750 patients with primary knee OA and 794 healthy volunteer were enrolled as controls. Both OA and control groups were interviewed to obtain demographic and clinical data. Three polymorphisms of OPN gene, namely, -156GG/G, -443C/T and -66T/G were determined. The levels of the full length and the thrombin-cleaved OPN in synovial fluid (SF) from OA subjects were measured. RESULTS We found the polymorphisms of the -443C/T and the -66/T/G were significantly associated with the OA risk and the radiographic severity. The -443TT and -66GG showed protective effect against developing OA and were associated with lower Kellgren-Lawrence grade. Besides, the polymorphisms of -443C/T and -66T/G significantly affected the thrombin-cleaved OPN levels in SF from OA subjects. Subjects with -443TT and -66GG genotypes had lower thrombin-cleaved OPN levels in SF. The thrombin-cleaved OPN levels in SF were positively correlated to the radiographic severity of OA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that certain OPN gene polymorphisms may be used as molecular markers for the susceptibility and severity of OA.
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Korostishevsky M, Williams F, Hart D, Blumenfeld O, Spector T, Livshits G. Implementation of the simplified stochastic model of ageing for longitudinal osteoarthritis data assessment. Ann Hum Biol 2012; 39:214-22. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2012.681801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Korostishevsky
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University,
Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Frances Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London,
London, UK
| | - Deborah Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London,
London, UK
| | - Orit Blumenfeld
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University,
Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London,
London, UK
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University,
Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London,
London, UK
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Funck-Brentano T, Lin H, Hay E, Ah Kioon MD, Schiltz C, Hannouche D, Nizard R, Lioté F, Orcel P, de Vernejoul MC, Cohen-Solal ME. Targeting bone alleviates osteoarthritis in osteopenic mice and modulates cartilage catabolism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33543. [PMID: 22432033 PMCID: PMC3303845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subchondral bone modifications occur early in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The level of bone resorption might impact cartilage remodeling. We therefore assessed the in vivo and in vitro effects of targeting bone resorption in OA and cartilage metabolism. METHODS OA was induced by meniscectomy (MNX) in ovariectomized osteopenic mice (OP) treated with estradiol (E2), pamidronate (PAM), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 6 weeks. We assessed the subchondral bone and cartilage structure and the expression of cartilage matrix proteases. To assess the involvement of bone soluble factors in cartilage metabolism, supernatant of human bone explants pre-treated with E2 or PAM were transferred to cartilage explants to assess proteoglycan release and aggrecan cleavage. OPG/RANKL mRNA expression was assessed in bone explants by real-time quantitative PCR. The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the bone-cartilage crosstalk was tested using an OPG neutralizing antibody. RESULTS Bone mineral density of OP mice and osteoclast number were restored by E2 and PAM (p<0.05). In OP mice, E2 and PAM decreased ADAMTS-4 and -5 expression, while only PAM markedly reduced OA compared to PBS (2.0±0.63 vs 5.2±0.95; p<0.05). OPG/RANKL mRNA was increased in human bone explants treated with both drugs (2.2-3.7-fold). Moreover, supernatants from bone explants cultured with E2 or PAM reduced aggrecan cleavage and cartilage proteoglycan release (73±8.0% and 80±22% of control, respectively, p<0.05). This effect was reversed with osteoprotegerin blockade. CONCLUSION The inhibition of bone resorption by pamidronate in osteopenic mice alleviates the histological OA score with a reduction in the expression of aggrecanases. Bone soluble factors, such as osteoprotegerin, impact the cartilage response to catabolic factors. This study further highlights the importance of subchondral bone in the regulation of joint cartilage damage in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Funck-Brentano
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Hilène Lin
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hay
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Ah Kioon
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Schiltz
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Nizard
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | | | - Martine Esther Cohen-Solal
- INSERM U606, Centre Viggo Petersen and Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Lee JS, Suh KT, Kim JI, Lim JM, Goh TS. Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphism in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesise. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2012; 50:415-9. [PMID: 22259687 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2011.50.5.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene polymorphisms in a cohort of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) patients. METHODS Accordingly, the authors examined the association between DS and ERα gene polymorphisms in 174 patients diagnosed with DS. The Pvu II and Xba I polymorphisms, bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and biochemical markers were analyzed and compared in the 174 patients with DS and 214 patients with spinal stenosis (SS). RESULTS A comparison of genotype frequencies in DS and SS patients revealed a significant difference for the Pvu II polymorphism only (p=0.0452). No significant difference was found between these two groups with respect to the Xba I polymorphism, BMD or biochemical markers. No significant association was found between the Pvu II polymorphism of ERα and BMD, vertebral slip or biochemical markers in patients with DS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the ERα gene polymorphism using Pvu II restriction enzyme influences the prevalence of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Shaik NA, Lone WG, Khan IA, Rao KP, Kodati VL, Hasan Q. Enhanced transcription of estrogen receptor α and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes in uterine leiomyomas. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:1094-8. [PMID: 21506659 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.569610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative expression levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and mitochondrial cytochrome b (MTCYB) transcripts and their association with ERα, -397T > C gene polymorphism was determined in premenopausal uterine leiomyomas and myometrium tissues to gain an insight into the role of ER-mediated action of estrogen on mitochondrial gene transcription. Both ERα and MTCYB transcripts were overexpressed in leiomyomas compared with myometrium tissues with 9.18 ± 0.79 folds and 5.24 ± 0.48 folds, respectively. ERα demonstrated ≥1.7 folds overexpression expressed over MTCYB (p < 0.001). Genotype correlation with transcript expression revealed that leiomyomas with CC genotype had significantly increased levels of ERα with 11.9 ± 1.02 folds as compared with 6.46 ± 0.56 folds seen in CT and TT genotypes together (p < 0.001). Interestingly, MTCYB transcript levels were also >1.9 folds overexpressed in leiomyomas with the CC genotype as compared with leiomyomas with other genotypes (p < 0.01).Significant elevation of ERα and MTCYB transcript levels in premenopausal leiomyomas and its association with ERα, -397 CC genotype suggests the mitochondrial-mediated role of estrogen as the promoter of leiomyoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetics, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Khairatabad, Hyderabad, 500 004, India
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Genomics and the new perspectives for temporomandibular disorders. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1181-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sex hormones and structural changes in osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Maturitas 2011; 69:141-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Analysis of estrogen receptor alpha gene haplotype in Mexican mestizo patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:1425-30. [PMID: 21445546 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-1890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test the association between estrogen receptor α gene (ERα) polymorphism and primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in Mexican mestizo patients. A case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients >40 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 27 and radiologic score for OA of the knee of ≥2 according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale, and controls were subjects >40 years age with a radiologic score <2. Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms, PvuII (T/C; rs2234693), and XbaI (A/G; rs9340799), of the ERα were analyzed. Allelic haplotypes were constructed and non-conditional logistic regression was developed to evaluate risk magnitude through odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence intervals (95% CI). Three different allelic haplotypes were identified: TA; CG, and CA. Unadjusted analysis of the haplotypes did not show significant associations; nonetheless, when data were adjusted for gender, age, and BMI, a significant decrease risk was observed for CG haplotype (OR [95% CI]) = 0.5 (0.3-0.9)] (P = 0.04). These results suggest that ERα gene CG haplotype could be associated with a reduced risk of primary knee OA in Mexican mestizo population.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of arthritis and represents an enormous healthcare burden in industrialized societies. Current therapeutic approaches for OA are limited and are insufficient to prevent the initiation and progression of the disease. Genetic studies of patients with OA can help to unravel the molecular mechanisms responsible for specific disease manifestations, including joint damage, nociception and chronic pain. Indeed, these studies have identified molecules, such as growth/differentiation factor 5, involved in signaling cascades that are important for the pathology of joint components. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered a likely role in OA for the genes encoding structural extracellular matrix components (such as DVWA) and molecules involved in prostaglandin metabolism (such as DQB1 and BTNL2). A ∼300 kilobase region in chromosome 7q22 is also associated with OA susceptibility. Finally, the identification of individuals at a high risk of OA and of total joint arthroplasty failure might be facilitated by the use of combinations of genetic markers, allowing for the application of preventive and disease-management strategies.
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Kerkhof HJM, Meulenbelt I, Carr A, Gonzalez A, Hart D, Hofman A, Kloppenburg M, Lane NE, Loughlin J, Nevitt MC, Pols HAP, Rivadeneira F, Slagboom EP, Spector TD, Stolk L, Tsezou A, Uitterlinden AG, Valdes AM, van Meurs JBJ. Common genetic variation in the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ESR2) gene and osteoarthritis: results of a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:164. [PMID: 21080949 PMCID: PMC2997092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between common genetic variation of the ESR2 gene and osteoarthritis. METHODS In the discovery study, the Rotterdam Study-I, 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and tested for association with hip (284 cases, 2772 controls), knee (665 cases, 2075 controls), and hand OA (874 cases, 2184 controls) using an additive model. In the replication stage one SNP (rs1256031) was tested in an additional 2080 hip, 1318 knee and 557 hand OA cases and 4001, 2631 and 1699 controls respectively. Fixed- and random-effects meta-analyses were performed over the complete dataset including 2364 hip, 1983 knee and 1431 hand OA cases and approximately 6000 controls. RESULTS The C allele of rs1256031 was associated with a 36% increased odds of hip OA in women of the Rotterdam Study-I (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08-1.70, p = 0.009). Haplotype analysis and analysis of knee- and hand OA did not give additional information. With the replication studies, the meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of this SNP on hip OA in the total population (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.15, p = 0.10). Stratification according to gender did not change the results. In this study, we had 80% power to detect an odds ratio of at least 1.14 for hip OA (α = 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that common genetic variation in the ESR2 gene is not likely to influence the risk of osteoarthritis with effects smaller than a 13% increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke J M Kerkhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sniekers YH, Weinans H, van Osch GJVM, van Leeuwen JPTM. Oestrogen is important for maintenance of cartilage and subchondral bone in a murine model of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R182. [PMID: 20923566 PMCID: PMC2991014 DOI: 10.1186/ar3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oestrogen depletion may influence onset and/or progression of osteoarthritis. We investigated in an ovariectomized mouse model the impact of oestrogen loss and oestrogen supplementation on articular cartilage and subchondral bone in tibia and patella, and assessed bone changes in osteoarthritis development. METHODS C3H/HeJ mice were divided into four groups: sham-operated, oestrogen depletion by ovariectomy (OVX), OVX with estradiol supplementation (OVX+E) and OVX with bisphosphonate (OVX+BP). Each mouse had one knee injected with low-dose iodoacetate (IA), and the contralateral knee was injected with saline. Cartilage was analysed histologically 12 weeks postsurgery; bone changes were monitored over time using in vivo micro-computed tomography. RESULTS In tibiae, OVX alone failed to induce cartilage damage, but OVX and IA combination significantly induced cartilage damage. In patellae, OVX alone induced significant cartilage damage, which was enhanced by IA. In both tibiae and patellae, OVX in combination with IA significantly decreased subchondral cortical thickness in an additive manner. OVX+E and OVX+BP inhibited tibial and patellar subchondral cortical thinning, inhibited patellar and tended to diminish tibial cartilage damage. In patellae, IA interacted with BP, leading to increased subchondral cortical and trabecular bone. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the significance of oestrogen for articular cartilage and subchondral bone and maintenance of healthy joints, supporting an etiological role for altered oestrogen signaling in osteoarthritis either by directly affecting cartilage or increasing susceptibility for an osteoarthritis trigger. The data strongly support the concept of involvement of subchondral bone plate in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne H Sniekers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Common variations in estrogen-related genes are associated with severe large-joint osteoarthritis: a multicenter genetic and functional study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:927-33. [PMID: 20417295 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens influence the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to explore the association of two common polymorphisms within the aromatase (CYP19A1) and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ESR1) genes with severe OA of the lower limbs. METHODS The rs1062033 (CYP19A1) and rs2234693 (ESR1) single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 5528 individuals (3147 patients with severe hip or knee OA, and 2381 controls) from four centres in Spain and the United Kingdom. Gene expression was measured in femoral bone samples from a group of patients. RESULTS In the global analysis, both polymorphisms were associated with OA, but there was a significant sex interaction. The GG genotype at rs1062033 was associated with an increased risk of knee OA in women [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; P=0.04]. The CC genotype at rs2234693 tended to be associated with reduced OA risk in women (OR 0.76, P=0.028, for knee OA; OR=0.84, P=0.076 for hip OA), but with increased risk of hip OA in men (OR 1.28; P=0.029). Women with unfavourable genotypes at both loci had an OR of 1.61 for knee OA (P=0.006). The rs1062033 genotype associated with higher OA risk was also associated with reduced expression of the aromatase gene in bone. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variations of the aromatase and ER genes are associated with the risk of severe OA of the large joints of the lower limb in a sex-specific manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen activity may influence the development of large-joint OA.
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Moxley G. Rheumatic disorders and functional disability with aromatase inhibitor therapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2010; 10:144-7. [PMID: 20299320 DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2010.n.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitor therapy is often effective for breast cancer, yet it can be accompanied by musculoskeletal pain and stiffness. This prevalence assessment aimed to characterize a rheumatologist's view of frequency and clinical features, including associated disability, within a breast cancer clinic panel of 77 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The "aromatase inhibitor arthralgia" frequency was estimated at 50%, including both those with new and worsened discomfort. Substantial functional disability was associated, whether measured by individual functional disability (frequencies ranging from 39% to 61%) or composite score of 7 functional disability areas (median score 5 compared with median 0 in the comparison group; P = .00003). RESULTS The frequency of clinical hand osteoarthritis appeared somewhat increased in the aromatase inhibitor arthralgia group (28% vs. 14%; not statistically significant). Yet the distribution of aromatase inhibitor-related symptoms and functional disabilities appeared to parallel those joint regions commonly affected by osteoarthritis. Using clinical criteria to assess 5 common rheumatic disorders (hand osteoarthritis, trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome, Raynaud's phenomenon, and sicca syndrome), the aromatase inhibitor arthralgia group tended to have more common rheumatic disorders (P < .05), consistent with nociceptive mechanisms making latent disorders symptomatic. CONCLUSION Aromatase inhibitor therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer might be associated with common musculoskeletal symptoms and with substantial functional disability and should prompt patient education. In view of the potential relevance of estrogen deprivation to osteoarthritis onset and severity, future studies of natural history should include systematic assessment of osteoarthritis frequency and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moxley
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0263, USA.
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Kim W, Cho HI, Kim KC, Lee HS, So YH. Assessment of association of estrogen receptor-α gene polymorphism with physical activity and bone metabolism. Genes Genomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03191251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sniekers YH, van Osch GJVM, Ederveen AGH, Inzunza J, Gustafsson JA, van Leeuwen JPTM, Weinans H. Development of osteoarthritic features in estrogen receptor knockout mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1356-61. [PMID: 19410028 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogens are suggested to play a role in the development of osteoarthritis as indicated by the increased prevalence in women after menopause. We studied whether deletion of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, beta, or both in female mice results in cartilage damage, osteophytosis, and changes in subchondral bone of skeletally mature animals. METHODS We studied knee joints of 6-month-old female ERalpha-/-, ERbeta-/-, and (double) ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice and their wild type (wt) littermates. The presence and size of osteophytes and osteoarthritic changes in cartilage were analyzed using histology. Changes in subchondral plate and trabecular bone were studied using micro-CT. RESULTS In ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice, we observed an increase in number and/or size of osteophytes and thinning of the lateral subchondral plate. However, cartilage damage was not different from wt. In ERalpha-/- or ERbeta-/- mice, no significant differences in cartilage damage score, osteophyte formation, or subchondral plate thickness were found. The bone volume fraction of the epiphyseal trabecular bone was unchanged in ERalpha-/- mice, increased in ERbeta-/- mice, and decreased in ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that deletion of both ERs leads to increased osteophytosis, but deletion of one or both ERs does not lead to overt cartilage damage in 6-month-old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Sniekers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Osteoarthritis associated with estrogen deficiency. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:241. [PMID: 19804619 PMCID: PMC2787275 DOI: 10.1186/ar2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects all articular tissues and finally leads to joint failure. Although articular tissues have long been considered unresponsive to estrogens or their deficiency, there is now increasing evidence that estrogens influence the activity of joint tissues through complex molecular pathways that act at multiple levels. Indeed, we are only just beginning to understand the effects of estrogen deficiency on articular tissues during OA development and progression, as well as on the association between OA and osteoporosis. Estrogen replacement therapy and current selective estrogen receptor modulators have mixed effectiveness in preserving and/or restoring joint tissue in OA. Thus, a better understanding of how estrogen acts on joints and other tissues in OA will aid the development of specific and safe estrogen ligands as novel therapeutic agents targeting the OA joint as a whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Herrero-Beaumont G, Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Jimenez SA. Primary osteoarthritis no longer primary: three subsets with distinct etiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009; 39:71-80. [PMID: 19589561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) has been historically divided into primary and secondary. Primary OA has been defined as an idiopathic condition developing in previously undamaged joints in the absence of an obvious causative mechanism. During the last few years a large amount of evidence has provided new insights into the biochemistry and molecular biology of cartilage, subchondral bone, and other articular tissues, which suggest distinct etiopathogenetic mechanisms in some forms of primary OA. OBJECTIVE To propose an etiopathogenic classification of primary OA in the light of the significant progress in the understanding of the disease. METHODS A review of the literature was performed by searching the Medline and PubMed databases from 1952 to November 2008 using the following keywords: genetic alteration, heritability, estrogen, menopause, and aging either alone or in various combinations with joint, cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, ligaments, muscle, tendons, OA, and osteoporosis. RESULTS Numerous studies have shown that genetic alterations, menopause-related estrogen deficiency, and aging play crucial roles in the molecular pathophysiological events involved in the process of cartilage and joint damage and thus in development of OA. We propose classifying primary OA into 3 distinct although interrelated subsets: type I OA, genetically determined; type II OA, estrogen hormone dependent; and type III OA, aging related. CONCLUSIONS The 3 proposed subsets of OA display distinct etiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics and should therefore no longer be considered to be "Primary OA."
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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Prieto-Montaña J, Riancho J. La artrosis como enfermedad genética. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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