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Wood A, Ismail I. Wünderlich's syndrome in a haemodialysis patient. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e255985. [PMID: 37816578 PMCID: PMC10565273 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wünderlich's syndrome, or spontaneous renal haemorrhages, are rare, atraumatic, intraparenchymal and perirenal haemorrhages, which are difficult to diagnose and can be potentially fatal.Patients who are dialysis-dependent are at an increased risk of bleeding, due to an association between uraemia and platelet dysfunction; for this reason, the use of double antiplatelets is avoided in this cohort. Case studies exist demonstrating spontaneous bleeds in these patients.Fish oil is used increasingly within medicine: however, it is known to interfere with platelet aggregation, therefore, theoretically increasing the tendency to bleed. The topic remains under debate, with systemic reviews refuting a correlation between intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and fish oil consumption. There is, however, an absence of literature on the adverse effects of fish oil when taken in large quantities.This case study explores the case of a patient who had a spontaneous renal bleed following a large, self-medicated dose of fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wood
- Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns North, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Ismail
- Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Stańdo-Retecka M, Piatek P, Namiecinska M, Bonikowski R, Lewkowicz P, Lewkowicz N. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of subgingival instrumentation supplemented with high-dose omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in periodontal treatment - a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37179297 PMCID: PMC10182874 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combined with scaling and root planing (SRP) in untreated periodontitis stage III and IV. METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned to the test group receiving SRP plus omega-3 PUFAs (n = 20) or control group receiving SRP alone (n = 20). Clinical changes of pocket probing depths (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and rates of closed pockets (PPD ≤ 4 mm without BOP) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Phorphyromonas gingivalis, Tanarella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans counts were analysed at baseline and at 6 months. Serum was subjected to lipid gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis at baseline and at 6 months. RESULTS Significant improvement of all clinical parameters at 3 and 6 months was observed in both groups. For the primary outcome "change of mean PD," no significant difference was detected between the groups. Patients treated with omega-3 PUFAs demonstrated significantly lower rates of BOP, higher gain of CAL and higher number of closed pockets at 3 months in comparison to the control group. After 6 months, no clinical differences between the groups were found, with the exception of lower BOP rates. Moreover, in the test group, the number of key periodontal bacteria was significantly lower than in the control group at 6 months. Increased proportions of serum n-3 PUFAs and decreased proportions of n-6 PUFAs were detected at 6 months in the patients from the test group. CONCLUSION High-dose omega-3 PUFA intake during non-surgical treatment of periodontitis results in short-term clinical and microbiological benefits. The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Medical University of Lodz (reference number RNN/251/17/KE) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04477395) on 20/07/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stańdo-Retecka
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Piatek
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Bonikowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Lewkowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
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Yavari M, Ramalingam L, Harris BN, Kahathuduwa CN, Chavira A, Biltz C, Mounce L, Maldonado KA, Scoggin S, Zu Y, Kalupahana NS, Yosofvand M, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Protects against Metabolic Impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Nutr 2023; 153:1038-1051. [PMID: 36781072 PMCID: PMC10273166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Systemic inflammation and obesity may exacerbate AD pathogenesis. We previously reported anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects of EPA in mice. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether EPA reduces obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions and Aβ accumulation in AD amyloidogenic mice. METHODS Two-mo-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (TG) mice and non-TG littermates were randomly assigned to low fat (LF; 10% kcal fat), high fat (HF; 45% kcal fat), or EPA (36 g/kg)-supplemented HF diets. Body composition, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure were measured, and serum and brain metabolic markers were tested 38 wk postintervention. Outcomes were statistically analyzed via 3-factor ANOVA, modeling genotype, sex, and diet interactions. RESULTS HF-fed males gained more weight than females (Δ = 61 mg; P < 0.001). Compared with LF, HF increased body weights of wild-type (WT) males (Δ = 31 mg; P < 0.001). EPA reduced HF-induced weight gain in WT males (Δ = 24 mg; P = 0.054) but not in females. HF mice showed decreased glucose clearance and respiratory energy compared with LF-fed groups (Δ = -1.31 g/dL; P < 0.001), with no significant effects of EPA. However, EPA conferred metabolic improvements by decreasing serum leptin and insulin (Δ = -2.51 g/mL and Δ = -0.694 ng/mL, respectively compared with HF, P ≤ 0.05) and increasing adiponectin (Δ = 21.6 ng/mL; P < 0.001). As we expected, TG mice expressed higher serum and brain Aβ than WT mice (Δ = 0.131 ng/mL; P < 0.001 and Δ = 0.56%; P < 0.01, respectively), and EPA reduced serum Aβ1-40 in TG males compared with HF (Δ = 0.053 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report that EPA reduces serum Aβ1-40 in obese AD male mice, warranting further investigations into tissue-specific mechanisms of EPA in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chanaka Nadeeshan Kahathuduwa
- Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Laboratory Science and Primary Care, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Angela Chavira
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Biltz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Logan Mounce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohammad Yosofvand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Office of Research & Innovation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Mowry KC, Thomson-Parker TL, Morales C, Fikes KK, Stutts KJ, Leatherwood JL, Anderson MJ, Smith RX, Suagee-Bedore JK. Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil and a Flaxseed Oil Blend in Young Horses Engaged in a Training Program. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213006. [PMID: 36359130 PMCID: PMC9653641 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran oil and flaxseed oil contain omega-3 fatty acids with the potential to reduce post-exercise inflammation and muscle damage. This study measures plasma interleukin-1β and creatine kinase and fatty acid profiles in lightly worked, young horses (Equus caballus) undergoing an exercise test after 60 days (d) of oil consumption, where the oil replaced 25% of concentrate calories. Treatments consisted of CON (no oil), FLAX (flaxseed oil blend), and RICE (crude rice bran oil). Blood was collected pre-exercise, and again at 1 min, 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-IET. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Plasma creatine kinase activity was not different in CON during the study, greater (p < 0.05) in RICE from pre-exercise to 30 min post-exercise across all exercise tests, and lesser (p < 0.05) in FLAX at 30 min post-exercise on d 30 compared to d 0. Plasma interleukin-1β was greater (p < 0.01) in CON on d 60, but no differences were observed in FLAX and RICE throughout the study. Plasma alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids were greatest (p < 0.05) in FLAX after 30 d of inclusion, while CON horses had greater (p < 0.05) EPA across all exercise tests and DHA after 60 d. These results indicate that 60 d of inclusion of crude rice bran oil or a flaxseed oil blend may benefit lightly worked, young horses by reducing training-program-related increases in interleukin-1β, while a flaxseed oil blend may reduce exercise-induced increases in creatine kinase. Additionally, the flaxseed oil blend has the potential to increase plasma omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Replacing 25% of concentrate calories with flaxseed or rice bran oil has potential benefits for young horses in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C. Mowry
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Timber L. Thomson-Parker
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Cruz Morales
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Kalley K. Fikes
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Kyle J. Stutts
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Jessica L. Leatherwood
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College State, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mark J. Anderson
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Rachelle X. Smith
- Sam Houston State University Analytical Laboratory, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
| | - Jessica K. Suagee-Bedore
- School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering Technology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-2232
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Rice bran in old horse’s nutrition and their influence on condition, blood biochemical parameters, total feces bacteria and methanogen population. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of 0.5 kg full-fat rice bran per day in the diet of geriatric horses will improve their condition, increase the population of methanogens in the cecum, and thus affect the biochemical blood parameters. The experiment assumed 2 research periods: 6 healthy, non-working horses over 20 years of age (480 ± 20 kg of body weight) were fed only hay (±8.86 kg/day/head) in the first period and hay (±8.00 kg/day/head) and rice bran (0.5 kg/day/head) in the second one. Each of these periods lasted 4 months. The Body Condition Scoring (BCS) assessment was performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. Blood and feces samples were collected on the first and last day of each period. After feeding with the addition of rice bran, BCS increased by 1.17 units on a 9-point scale. The experiment showed an increase in the total number of bacteria and methanogens inhabiting the cecum of horses. This can lead to better digestion of carbohydrates, absorption of nutrients, and, consequently, increased body weight. No differences occurred in the hematology and serum biochemistry indices of horses fed a diet including rice bran, except for the amount of serum globulin and the albumin to globulin ratio. Rice bran affected essential serum fatty acid profile (increased PUFA and decreased MUFA) which confirmed the possibility to use diet as a serum fatty acids profile modulator.
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Cebrián-Prats A, Pinto A, González-Lafont À, Fernandes PA, Lluch JM. The role of acetylated cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of resolvin precursors derived from eicosapentaenoic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1260-1274. [PMID: 35067692 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are natural bioactive agents actively involved in inflammation resolution. SPMs act when uncontrolled inflammatory processes are developed, for instance, in patients of COVID-19 or other diseases. The so-called resolution pharmacology aims at developing new treatments based on the use of SPMs as agonists, which promote inflammation resolution without unwanted side effects. It has been shown that the biosynthesis of SPMs called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived E-series resolvins is initiated by aspirin-acetylated COX-2 from EPA, leading to 18-hydroperoxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HpEPE). However, there are many open questions concerning the intriguing role of aspirin in the molecular mechanism of resolvin formation. Our MD simulations, combined with QM/MM calculations, show that the potential energy barriers for the H16-abstraction from EPA, required for forming 18-HpEPE, are higher than for the H13-abstraction, thus explaining why 18-HpEPE is a marginal product of COX-2 catalysis. By contrast, in the aspirin-acetylated COX-2/EPA complex, the H16proS-abstraction energy barriers are somewhat lower than the H13proS energy barriers and much smaller than the H16-transfer barriers in the wild type COX-2/EPA system. Those results agree with the experimental observation that aspirin favours the synthesis of several SPMs known as aspirin-triggered resolvins. In the following step of the catalytic mechanism, the calculated O2 addition to C18 is preferred versus the addition to C14 which also agrees with 18R-HEPE and 18S-HEPE being the main products from EPA in aspirin-acetylated COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cebrián-Prats
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Pinto
- LAQV-Requimte, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV-Requimte, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Mullin GE, Limketkai BN, Parian AM. Fish Oil for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Panacea or Placebo? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:169-182. [PMID: 33518163 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements have increasingly gained popularity over the years not only to replete micronutrient deficiencies but for their use in treatment of disease. The popularity of dietary supplements for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arises from their perceived ease of use, potential disease-modifying benefits, and perceived safety. Overall, randomized controlled trials have not consistently shown a benefit of fish oil for the maintenance of remission with Crohn's disease. The inconsistency of these findings highlights the need for more studies that are powered to clarify the context in which omega-3 fatty acids might have a role in the treatment algorithm of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Mullin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Berkeley N Limketkai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, 100 UCLA Medical Center Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alyssa M Parian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Bahamondes MA, Valdés C, Moncada G. Effect of omega-3 on painful symptoms of patients with osteoarthritis of the synovial joints: systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:297-306. [PMID: 34303654 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 on the painful symptomatology of osteoarthritis (OA) in synovial joints. STUDY DESIGN An electronic/manual search was conducted (2004-2019). Using pain as a primary outcome and stiffness/function and swelling as secondary outcomes, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) reporting quality, and Cochrane/RoB-2 risk of bias assessment. Data were processed using RevMan v5.2 (Cochrane Collaboration). RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials were selected. The study population included 454 patients with OA. In 4 studies the pain in the intervention group presented significant pain reduction compared with the control group (mean difference = 22.89; 95% confidence interval, 3.37-42.42). Studies did not stablish the effective anti-inflammatory dose. The number of studies on stiffness/function and inflammation was low (n = 2). The evidence and degree of recommendation was 2B. The randomized controlled trials presented high clinical and methodological variability. CONCLUSION Omega-3 can significantly reduce painful symptoms in patients suffering from OA in synovial joints. However, the limited number of studies, range of doses, intervention periods, baseline characteristics of patients, and asymmetry in reporting bias, combined with the heterogeneity in the combined effect of the studies, offer low-quality evidence on which clinical guidance cannot be based.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constanza Valdés
- Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental School, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moncada
- Oral Rehabilitation, Dental School, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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Effects of dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical indices in poultry – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lipids (fats and oils) are a concentrated source of energy in poultry diets that improves palatability, feed consistency, provides essential fatty acids and increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Fresh oil is an expensive energy source and its exposure to air, heat, metallic catalyst during storage and processing may lead to its oxidative deterioration. This review highlights the response of modern poultry to dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, gut health, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood chemistry and tissue oxidative status. Literature shows that in moderately (peroxide value (PV): 20 to 50 meq kg−1) and highly (PV: 50 to 100 meq kg−1 or above) oxidized oils, lipid peroxidation causes rancid odours and flavours that negatively affect feed palatability, reduces intestinal villus height that decreases the surface area available for nutrients absorption. The oxidation products also damage fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) in blood resulting in an oxidative stress. The use of oxidized oil in poultry diets has no significant effect on dressing percentage, pH and meat colour, whereas carcass weight decreases and drip loss of meat increases. Overall, there is a contradictory data regarding the influence of oxidized oil in poultry feed depending on the PV and inclusion levels. The reviewed literature shows that the use of mildly oxidized (PV < 20 meq kg−1) oil in poultry feed with 4 to 5% inclusion level decreases the feed cost and ultimately cost of poultry production without compromising their growth performance. It can, therefore, partially replace fresh oil as an efficient, cost effective and sustainable energy source in poultry diets.
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11
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Silva H. A Descriptive Overview of the Medical Uses Given to Mentha Aromatic Herbs throughout History. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:484. [PMID: 33371310 PMCID: PMC7767097 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mints have been among the most widely used herbs for medicinal purposes since ancient civilizations. They are still presently used for numerous purposes, including non-medicinal, which makes them economically relevant herbs. Information regarding the medical and scientific uses given to mints throughout history are vastly scattered and/or incomplete. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive descriptive overview of the medical uses given to these herbs, highlighting both the authors in medical culture responsible for their dissemination, as well as their major galenic formulations. Databases on medical science, reference textbooks on medical history, botanics (aromatic herbs), and pharmacognosy were consulted. The use of mints remotes to Classical Antiquity, with major contributions from Pliny the Elder. In the Middle Ages, the increased knowledge surrounding mints came from Byzantine physicians, while, in the Modern Age, technological developments allowed the production of mint-based products which have become part of elaborate galenic formulas employed by an increasing number of physicians, as well as have also stimulated both scientific and artistic interests alike. In present-day medicine, several mints and mint-based products are being researched as potential therapeutic alternatives for many diseases, while also being vastly employed in food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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12
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Callan N, Hanes D, Bradley R. Early evidence of efficacy for orally administered SPM-enriched marine lipid fraction on quality of life and pain in a sample of adults with chronic pain. J Transl Med 2020; 18:401. [PMID: 33087142 PMCID: PMC7579794 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine lipids contain omega-3 fatty acids that can be metabolized into anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators-namely 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE-which can serve as modulators of the pain experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of 4 weeks of oral supplementation with a fractionated marine lipid concentration, standardized to 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE, on health-related quality of life and inflammation in adults with chronic pain. METHODS This study was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial. Forty-four adults with ≥ moderate pain intensity for at least 3 months were recruited. The primary outcome was change in health-related quality of life (QOL) using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-43 Profile (PROMIS-43) and the American Chronic Pain Association (ACPA) QOL scale. Exploratory outcomes assessed safety and tolerability, changes in anxiety and depression, levels of pain intensity and interference, patient satisfaction, and impression of change. Changes in blood biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP and ESR) were also explored. RESULTS Outcome measures were collected at Baseline, Week 2, and Week 4 (primary endpoint). At Week 4, PROMIS-43 QOL subdomains changed with significance from baseline (p < 0.05), with borderline changes in the ACPA Quality of Life scale (p < 0.052). Exploratory analyses revealed significant changes (p < 0.05) in all measures of pain intensity, pain interference, depression, and anxiety. There were no statistically significant changes in either hs-CRP or ESR, which stayed within normal limits. CONCLUSION We conclude that oral supplementation with a fractionated marine lipid concentration standardized to 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE may improve quality of life, reduce pain intensity and interference, and improve mood within 4 weeks in adults with chronic pain. The consistency and magnitude of these results support the need for placebo-controlled clinical trials of marine lipid concentrations standardized to 17-HDHA and 18-HEPE. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: Influence of an Omega-3 SPM Supplement on Quality of Life, NCT02683850. Registered 17 February 2016-retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02683850 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Callan
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Doug Hanes
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ryan Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Helfgott Research Institute, 2220 SW 1st Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA. .,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Kuszewski JC, Wong RHX, Howe PRC. Fish oil supplementation reduces osteoarthritis-specific pain in older adults with overweight/obesity. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2020; 4:rkaa036. [PMID: 32968708 PMCID: PMC7494084 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives OA is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability. Next to inflammation, vascular pathology has been hypothesized to play a role in its aetiology and progression. Owing to side effects and the low efficacy of pharmacological treatments, dietary supplements are popular as alternative treatments, but evidence of efficacy is limited. We tested whether fish oil and curcumin supplementation can reduce chronic pain and OA burden in older adults. Methods A 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design supplementation trial with fish oil (2000 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid + 400 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid), curcumin (160 mg/day) or a combination of both was undertaken in sedentary overweight/obese older adults. Secondary outcomes included treatment-induced changes in self-reported chronic pain and OA burden and whether changes were related to changes in small artery elasticity (surrogate marker for microvascular function), CRP (inflammatory marker) and well-being. Results The majority of participants (131 of 152) reported chronic pain, which was predominantly OA specific. Fish oil significantly reduced OA-specific pain (P = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.56) and burden (P = 0.015, Cohen’s d = 0.45) compared with no fish oil treatment; reductions were correlated with improvements in microvascular function and well-being. Curcumin, alone or in combination with fish oil, did not reduce pain measures. Conclusion Our findings indicate potential for fish oil to alleviate OA pain and burden in overweight/obese older adults. Further investigations should be undertaken in patients with clinically diagnosed OA to evaluate fish oil alone and as an adjunct to conventional pharmacotherapy and to investigate underlying mechanisms. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370788, ACTRN12616000732482p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Kuszewski
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales
| | - Rachel H X Wong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland
| | - Peter R C Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland.,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Brown Z, Metcalf R, Bednarz J, Spargo L, Lee A, Hill C, Wechalekar M, Stavrou C, James M, Cleland L, Proudman S. Modifiable Lifestyle Factors Associated With Response to Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:371-377. [PMID: 32453505 PMCID: PMC7301874 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the associations between response to algorithm‐directed treat‐to‐target conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug therapy and potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, including dietary fish oil supplementation, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inception cohort. Methods Patients with RA with a duration of less than 12 months were reviewed every 3 to 6 weeks to adjust therapy according to disease response. All patients received advice to take fish oil supplements, and omega‐3 status was measured as plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Lifestyle factors and other variables potentially prognostic for 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) remission and DAS28 low disease activity (LDA) at the 12‐month visit were included in multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of 300 participants, 57.7% reached DAS28 LDA, and 43.7% were in DAS28 remission at 1 year. Increase in plasma EPA was associated with an increase in the odds of being in LDA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; P < 0.0001) and remission (adjusted OR = 1.21; P < 0.001). There was some evidence that the effect of BMI on LDA might be modified by smoking history. An increase in BMI was associated with a decrease in the odds of being in LDA in current and former smokers but had no impact on LDA in patients who had never smoked. There were no meaningful associations between BMI or smoking history and remission. Conclusion Omega‐3 status, BMI, and smoking history are potential predictors of outcome in early RA. The possibility of an effect modification by smoking on the predictive value of BMI merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Brown
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Metcalf
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jana Bednarz
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Anita Lee
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Hill
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mihir Wechalekar
- Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael James
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Les Cleland
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Abd El-Samee LD, El-Wardany I, Abdel-Fattah SA, Abd El-Azeem NA, Elsharkawy MS. Dietary omega-3 and antioxidants improve long-chain omega-3 and lipid oxidation of broiler meat. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2019; 43:45. [DOI: 10.1186/s42269-019-0085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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16
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Ashfaq W, Rehman K, Siddique MI, Khan QAA. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil and Their Role in Cancer Research. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1686761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wardah Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Ameer ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christan College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurrat-Al-Ain Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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de Molon RS, Thurlings RM, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, van der Kraan PM, Cirelli JA, Koenders MI. Systemic Resolvin E1 (RvE1) Treatment Does Not Ameliorate the Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) in Mice: A Randomized, Prospective, and Controlled Proof of Concept Study. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5689465. [PMID: 31780864 PMCID: PMC6875002 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5689465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized proresolving mediators (SPRM), which arise from n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA), promote resolution of inflammation and may help to prevent progression of an acute inflammatory response into chronic inflammation in patients with arthritis. Thus, this study is aimed at determining whether systemic RvE1 treatment reduces arthritis onset and severity in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and spontaneous cytokine production by human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial explants. 10-week-old DBA1/J male mice were subjected to CIA and treated systemically with 0.1 μg RvE1, 1 μg RvE1, 5 mg/kg anti-TNF (positive control group), PBS (negative control group), or with a combination of 1 μg of RvE1 plus 5 mg/kg anti-TNF using prophylactic or therapeutic strategies. After CIA immunization, mice were treated twice a week by RvE1 or anti-TNF for 10 days. Arthritis development was assessed by visual scoring of paw swelling and histology of ankle joints. Moreover, human RA synovial explants were incubated with 1 nM, 10 nM, or 100 nM of RvE1, and cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, INF-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using Luminex bead array. CIA triggered significant inflammation in the synovial cavity, proteoglycan loss, and cartilage and bone destruction in the ankle joints of mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic RvE1 regimens did not ameliorate CIA incidence and severity. Anti-TNF treatment significantly abrogated signs of joint inflammation, bone erosion, and proteoglycan depletion, but additional RvE1 treatment did not further reduce the anti-TNF-mediated suppression of the disease. Treatment with different concentrations of RvE1 did not decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human RA synovial explants in the studied conditions. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that RvE1 treatment was not an effective approach to treat CIA in DBA1/J mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, no effects were noticed when human synovial explants were incubated with different concentrations of RvE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Monique M. Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Terkeltaub R, Chen C, Neogi T. Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Risk of Recurrent Gout Flares. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1580-1586. [PMID: 30908893 DOI: 10.1002/art.40896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) consumption (dietary or supplemental) and risk of gout flares. METHODS We used data from the Boston University Online Gout Study, an internet-based case-crossover study conducted from February 2003 to January 2012. At the times of gout flares (hazard period) and during gout flare-free periods (control periods), participants completed questionnaires regarding exposures, including supplements and diet, during the preceding 48 hours. We examined the relationship of self-reported n-3 PUFA-rich supplements and fish intake with the risk of recurrent gout flares using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for total purine intake, diuretic use, and other urate-lowering or flare prophylactic medications (allopurinol, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or colchicine). RESULTS Of the 724 participants, 85% met the 1977 American College of Rheumatology preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout. Twenty-two percent of the participants reported some form of n-3 PUFA consumption (supplements, 4.6%; dietary fatty fish, 19%) in the 48 hours preceding a gout flare or flare-free period. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.01 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.63-1.60; P = 0.98) for all 3 supplements combined and 0.74 (95% CI 0.54-0.99; P = 0.04) for consumption of ≥2 n-3 PUFA-rich fish servings. CONCLUSION Dietary n-3 PUFA-rich fish consumption, when adjusted for total purine intake, was associated with lower risk of recurrent gout flares, whereas n-3 PUFA supplementation alone, as taken in a self-directed manner, was not. Consumption of specific sources and adequate doses of n-3 PUFA for gout flare prevention warrants further study in an adequately powered clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryAnn Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Clara Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Tan L, Rong D, Yang Y, Zhang B. The Effect of Oxidized Fish Oils on Growth Performance, Oxidative Status, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Stańdo M, Lewkowicz N. Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stańdo
- Department of Periodontology and Oral DiseasesMedical University of Lodzul. Pomorska 25192‐213 LodzPoland
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral DiseasesMedical University of Lodzul. Pomorska 25192‐213 LodzPoland
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21
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Roach LA, Russell KG, Lambert K, Holt JL, Meyer BJ. Polyunsaturated fatty acid food frequency questionnaire validation in people with end stage renal disease on dialysis. Nutr Diet 2018; 77:131-138. [PMID: 30338904 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To validate the polyunsaturated food frequency questionnaire (PUFA FFQ) and test for reproducibility in people with end stage renal disease on dialysis treatment. METHODS Participants (n = 32) completed the PUFA FFQ and three 24-hour recalls. Erythrocyte samples (n = 29) were used for erythrocyte fatty acid analysis. The triangular relationship between the PUFA FFQ, 24-hour recalls and the biomarker was assessed using the method of triads. Agreement between the two dietary methods was also assessed using Bland-Altman plots and classification by quintiles. Reproducibility was tested on a subset of the group (n = 8). RESULTS The PUFA FFQ was a valid measure of all PUFA except for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Strong validity coefficients were found for n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of 0.914 (95% CI: 0.665, 0.997) and 0.889 (95% CI: 0.706, 0.994), respectively. In the Bland-Altman plots 91-100% of observations fell between the limits of agreement for all PUFA. There were significant correlations between the initial FFQ and the repeat FFQ for all PUFA except DPA and AA. CONCLUSIONS The PUFA FFQ is a valid tool for assessing PUFA intake in people with end stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Roach
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth G Russell
- National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane L Holt
- Department of Renal Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Lourenço AL, Booij-Vrieling HE, Vossebeld CB, Neves A, Viegas C, Corbee RJ. The effect of dietary corn oil and fish oil supplementation in dogs with naturally occurring gingivitis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1382-1389. [PMID: 29908038 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate if downregulation of the inflammatory response due to ingestion of high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can slow down gingivitis development, and thus delay the progression of periodontal disease (PD) in dogs. To this aim, 44 client-owned adult dogs (>1 and <8 years old) with naturally occurring PD (stages 1 and 2) were submitted to a plaque, gingivitis and calculus scoring followed by a dental cleaning procedure and collection of blood samples. The animals were then fed a canine adult maintenance diet, supplemented with either corn oil (0.00 g EPA and 0.00 g DHA) or fish oil (1.53 g EPA and 0.86 g DHA, both per 1,000 kcal ME) over the following 5 months. At the end of this period, the PD scoring and the blood sampling were repeated. The animals consuming fish oil had higher plasma levels of the longer chain (C ≥ 20) omega 3 fatty acids (p < 0.01) and similar plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid (p = 0.53), omega 6 fatty acids (p > 0.63) and C reactive protein (p = 0.28) then the ones consuming corn oil. There were no differences between fish oil and corn oil diet supplementation on plaque (18.2 vs. 17.8, p = 0.78), calculus (10.1 vs. 11.5, p = 0.18) or gingivitis (19.3 vs. 19.0, p = 0.77) indexes. The authors conclude that supplementation with EPA + DHA does not slow down progression of PD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Lourenço
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henriette E Booij-Vrieling
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen B Vossebeld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - António Neves
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Thomas S, Browne H, Mobasheri A, Rayman MP. What is the evidence for a role for diet and nutrition in osteoarthritis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:iv61-iv74. [PMID: 29684218 PMCID: PMC5905611 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As current treatment options in OA are very limited, OA patients would benefit greatly from some ability to self-manage their condition. Since diet may potentially affect OA, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between nutrition and OA risk or progression, aiming to provide guidance for clinicians. For overweight/obese patients, weight reduction, ideally incorporating exercise, is paramount. The association between metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes and OA risk or progression may partly explain the apparent benefit of dietary-lipid modification resulting from increased consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty-acids from oily fish/fish oil supplements. A strong association between OA and raised serum cholesterol together with clinical effects in statin users suggests a potential benefit of reduction of cholesterol by dietary means. Patients should ensure that they meet the recommended intakes for micronutrients such as vitamin K, which has a role in bone/cartilage mineralization. Evidence for a role of vitamin D supplementation in OA is unconvincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Heather Browne
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, 08661 Vilnius, Republic of Lithuania
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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24
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Harrison D, Mehta P, van Es MA, Stommel E, Drory VE, Nefussy B, van den Berg LH, Crayle J, Bedlack R. “ALS reversals”: demographics, disease characteristics, treatments, and co-morbidities. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:495-499. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1457059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Mehta
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National ALS Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA,
| | - Michael A. van Es
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Elijah Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,
| | - Vivian E. Drory
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, and
| | - Beatrice Nefussy
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, and
| | | | - Jesse Crayle
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
| | - Richard Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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25
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Greenshell™ Mussels: A Review of Veterinary Trials and Future Research Directions. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5020036. [PMID: 29584640 PMCID: PMC6024869 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of Greenshell™ mussel (GSM; Perna canaliculus) preparations have been studied using in vitro test systems, animal models, and human clinical trials focusing mainly on anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Activity is thought to be linked to key active ingredients that include omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a variety of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds. In this paper, we review the studies that have been undertaken in dogs, cats, and horses, and outline new research directions in shellfish breeding and high-value nutrition research programmes targeted at enhancing the efficacy of mussel and algal extracts. The addition of GSM to animal diets has alleviated feline degenerative joint disease and arthritis symptoms, and chronic orthopaedic pain in dogs. In horses, GSM extracts decreased the severity of lameness and joint pain and provided improved joint flexion in limbs with lameness attributed to osteoarthritis. Future research in this area should focus on elucidating the key active ingredients in order to link concentrations of these active ingredients with their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects. This would enable consistent and improved efficacy from GSM-based products for the purpose of improved animal health.
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26
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Bonutti PM, Sodhi N, Patel YH, Sultan AA, Khlopas A, Chughtai M, Kolisek FR, Williams N, Mont MA. Novel venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) prophylaxis for total knee arthroplasty-aspirin and fish oil. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:S30. [PMID: 29299477 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the demonstrated success of multiple anticoagulation therapies for post-operative prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease in lower extremity arthroplasties, each modality comes with a unique set of limitations. Thus, the ideal anticoagulation medication which provides adequate therapy with minimal cost, complications, or added patient work is yet to be defined. One promising novel thrombophylactic supplement is fish oil, as many preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated a protective effect of fish oil against thrombosis in multiple clinical settings. In addition, others have demonstrated synergistic effect when combined with aspirin. However, there are paucity of studies that compared combined aspirin and fish oil therapy for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with other pharmacological agents, especially in the field of orthopaedics. Therefore, this study evaluated: (I) risk of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and (II) bleeding complications; among patients who had primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and received one of the following regimens: (i) 325 mg aspirin and mechanical pulsatile stocking; (ii) rivaroxaban; or (iii) 325 mg aspirin and 1,000 mg fish oil. Methods This was a 6-year prospective study analyzing the postoperative thromboembolic prophylaxis received by patients who underwent primary TKA. Patients who had a previous history of thromboembolic disease were excluded from the study due to an increased risk of recurrent clot formation. A total of 850 patients were enrolled. A total of 300 patients enrolled between October 2011 and June 2013 received 325 mg aspirin and mechanical pulsatile stocking, while 250 patients enrolled between June 2013 and December 2014 received rivaroxaban. A total of 300 patients enrolled between January 2015 and July 2017 received 325 mg aspirin and 1,000 mg fish oil. Major venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and bleeding complications within the first 90 days post-operatively were recorded in each cohort. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for thromboembolic and bleeding events were calculated and compared between the aspirin and fish oil cohort vs. aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort, and aspirin and fish oil cohort vs. rivaroxaban cohort. A P value of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results A total of 25 DVT events were recorded including 1 of 300 (0.33%) in the aspirin and fish oil cohort, 22 of 300 (7.33%) in the aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort and 2 of 250 (0.8%) in the rivaroxaban cohort. When comparing ORs, patients who received aspirin and fish oil demonstrated significantly lower risk for thromboembolic events when compared to the aspirin and pulsatile stocking group (OR: 0.045; 95% CI: 0.0061-0.3394; P<0.05). When compared to the rivaroxaban cohort the ORs did not differ significantly (OR: 0.416; 95% CI: 0.0376-4.6223; P>0.05). In addition, no PE events were recorded in any of the cohorts. When compared to rivaroxaban, the fish oil and aspirin cohort demonstrated significantly lower incidence of bleeding episodes (1 of 300, 0.33% vs. 30 of 250 patients, 12%; OR: 0.0278; 95% CI: 0.0038-0.2051; P<0.05). No bleeding events were recorded in the aspirin and pulsatile stocking cohort. Conclusions This study demonstrated the potentially synergistic anti-thromboembolic effect of aspirin and fish oil in the prevention of post-operative venous thromboembolism in primary TKA patients. Based on the results from this study, the authors conclude that the combination of aspirin and fish oil maybe an excellent thromboprophylactic modality for patients to use after TKA. These results warrant further, larger prospective studies analyzing the use of fish oil supplements in VTE prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Bonutti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bonutti Clinic, Effingham, Illinois, USA
| | - Nipun Sodhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yatindra H Patel
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Assem A Sultan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anton Khlopas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Morad Chughtai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank R Kolisek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OrthoIndy, Greenwood, IN, USA
| | - Nick Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bonutti Clinic, Effingham, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yu J, Ma Y, Sun J, Ran L, Li Y, Wang N, Yu T, Gao W, Jia W, Jiang R, Guo M, Bi Y, Wu Y. Microalgal Oil fromSchizochytriumsp. Prevents HFD-Induced Abdominal Fat Accumulation in Mice. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:347-356. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1302366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Shandong Centre of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liyuan Ran
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenting Gao
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenbin Jia
- Shandong Centre of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rujiao Jiang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meihua Guo
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuping Bi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shang Dong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Chan KOW, Tong HHY, Ng GYF. Topical Fish Oil Application Coupling with Therapeutic Ultrasound Improves Tendon Healing. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2983-2989. [PMID: 27692307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil has been shown to promote collagen synthesis, and hence, connective tissue healing. Therapeutic ultrasound is commonly used to treat soft tissue injuries. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of topical fish oil on the management of Achilles tendon rupture, comparing normal therapeutic ultrasound with a combination of ultrasound and fish oil. Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical hemitenotomy of the right medial Achilles tendon. The rats received daily treatment of either topical placebo ointment (control group [CON]), topical fish oil (FO), therapeutic ultrasound (US) or ultrasound with fish oil as the coupling medium (FU). The treatment started on post-surgical day 2 over a 2-wk or 4-wk period. On days 15 and 29, the rats were sacrificed and their Achilles tendons were tested for structural stiffness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and energy absorption capacity. At 2 wk, only US showed higher normalized UTS compared with CON (p < 0.05). At 4 wk, both US and FU demonstrated better UTS (p < 0.05), while both FO and FU had improved in structural stiffness (p < 0.05). Four wk of treatment with ultrasound using fish oil as coupling medium showed improvement in both structural stiffness and UTS (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly O W Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Henry H Y Tong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macau SAR, China
| | - Gabriel Y F Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chen JS, Hill CL, Lester S, Ruediger CD, Battersby R, Jones G, Cleland LG, March LM. Supplementation with omega-3 fish oil has no effect on bone mineral density in adults with knee osteoarthritis: a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1897-905. [PMID: 26694596 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to determine the effect of fish oil on bone mineral density (BMD). There were no differences in the 2-year BMD measures between high and low dose groups after adjusting for baseline BMD. This randomized controlled trial did not demonstrate any efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on bone loss in adults. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to investigate whether supplementation with high dose omega-3 fish oil could have an impact on BMD. METHODS In a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ACTRN 12607000415404), 202 Australian participants aged ≥40 with knee osteoarthritis (mean age, 61.0 ± 10.0 years; 49 % female) were randomized to receive either high dose (4.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily) or low dose (0.45 g/day) omega-3 fish oil for 2 years. BMD was assessed at baseline and 2 years by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In subjects with baseline and 2-year assessments, mean standardized BMD at baseline for low or high dose group was 1198 ± 198 and 1157 ± 169 mg/cm(2), respectively, for the lumbar spine and was 1035 ± 165 and 1017 ± 174 mg/cm(2), respectively, for the femoral neck. There were no differences in the 2-year BMD measures between high and low dose groups after adjusting for baseline BMD in the complete case regression analyses (lumbar spine 3.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) -7.9 to 15.3 mg/cm(2) and femoral neck -5.5, 95 % CI -14.9 to 3.9 mg/cm(2)). The findings did not change with additional adjustments of age, gender, study centre and uses of bone-related drugs during the study period as well as using the intention-to-treat analysis or limiting to older participants (≥55 years at the baseline) (all P ≥ 0.25). Mild adverse events such as headache and gastrointestinal intolerance were common but did not occur more frequently in either group. There were no serious adverse events related to the intervention. CONCLUSION A 2-year supplementation with high-dose omega-3 fish oil did not alter bone loss among men and women with knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chen
- The University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - C L Hill
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - S Lester
- Rheum Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
| | - C D Ruediger
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Battersby
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Australia
| | - L G Cleland
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - L M March
- The University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Lobo BW, Lima CKF, Teixeira MS, Silva NL, Takiya CM, Ramos MF, Miranda ALP, Dellamora-Ortiz GM. Fish oil attenuates persistent inflammatory pain in rats through modulation of TNF-α and resolvins. Life Sci 2016; 152:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barden AE, Moghaddami M, Mas E, Phillips M, Cleland LG, Mori TA. Specialised pro-resolving mediators of inflammation in inflammatory arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 107:24-9. [PMID: 27033423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPM) are derived from n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA). They promote resolution of inflammation and may contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3FA in patients with arthritis. This study compared SPM in knee effusions and plasma of patients with arthritis taking n-3FA, and plasma of healthy volunteers taking n-3FA. METHODS Thirty six patients taking n-3FA undergoing arthrocentesis for an inflammatory knee effusion and 36 healthy volunteers who had taken n-3FA (2.4g/day) for 4 weeks were studied. SPM in synovial fluid and plasma were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry included 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), the precursor of the E-series SPM (RvE1, RvE2, RvE3, 18R-RvE3), and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), the precursor of the D-series SPM (RvD1, 17R-RvD1, RvD2). Other SPM included protectin D1 (PD1), 10S,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (10,17S-DHDHA), maresin-1 (MaR-1) and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA) derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). RESULTS E- and D-series SPM and the precursors 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA were present in synovial fluid and plasma of the patients with inflammatory arthritis. Plasma SPM were negatively related to erythrocyte sedimentation rate in arthritis patients (P<0.01) and synovial fluid RvE2 was negatively associated with pain score (P=0.02). Conversion from 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA to E- and D-series SPM was greater in synovial fluid (P<0.01). Most plasma SPM in arthritis patients were elevated (P<0.05) compared with healthy volunteers, and conversion to E- and D-series SPM was greater (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS SPM are present in chronic knee effusions and although the levels are lower than in plasma, the association between synovial fluid RvE2 and reduced pain scores suggests that synthesis of SPM at the site of inflammation is a relevant mechanism by which n-3FA alleviate the symptoms of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia.
| | - Mahin Moghaddami
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Australia
| | - Emilie Mas
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
| | - Michael Phillips
- Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leslie G Cleland
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
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Chee B, Park B, Fitzsimmons T, Coates AM, Bartold PM. Omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct for periodontal therapy-a review. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:879-94. [PMID: 26885664 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to present an overview of omega-3 fatty acids, their anti-inflammatory properties and potential use as an adjunct for periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A general literature search was conducted to provide an overview of omega-3 fatty acids, their metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties. A more specific literature search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted to identify articles dealing studies investigating the effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of periodontitis in animals and humans and included cross-sectional, longitudinal and intervention designs. RESULTS To date, there is good emerging evidence that dietary supplementation with fish oil may be of some benefit and this is enhanced if combined with aspirin. All clinical intervention studies to date have been on small sample sizes, and this indicates there is need for larger and more robust clinical trials to verify these initial findings. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with fish oil could be a cost-effective adjunctive therapy to the management of periodontal disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The host modulatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids warrant further assessment of their use as an adjunct in the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chee
- Department of Dentistry, Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - B Park
- Department of Dentistry, Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - T Fitzsimmons
- Department of Dentistry, Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - A M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Department of Dentistry, Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Transgenic expression of omega-3 PUFA synthesis genes improves zebrafish survival during Vibrio vulnificus infection. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:103. [PMID: 26572495 PMCID: PMC4647518 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Highly desaturated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are synthesized by desaturases and elongase. They exert hepatoprotective effects to prevent alcoholic fatty liver syndrome or cholestatic liver injury. However, it is unclear how n-3 PUFAs improve immune function in liver. Vibrio vulnificus, a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, causes high mortality of aquaculture fishes upon infection. Humans can become infected with V. vulnificus through open wounds or by eating raw seafood, and such infections may result in systemic septicemia. Moreover, patients with liver diseases are vulnerable to infection, and are more likely than healthy persons to present with liver inflammation following infection. This study quantified n-3 PUFAs and their anti-bacterial effects in Fadsd6 and Elvol5a transgenic zebrafish. Results Two transgenic zebrafish strains with strong liver specific expression of Fadsd6 and Elvol5a (driven by the zebrafish Fabp10 promoter) were established using the Tol2 system. Synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in these strains were increased by 2.5-fold as compared to wild type (Wt) fish. The survival rate in 24 h following challenge with V. vulnificus was 20 % in Wt, but 70 % in the transgenic strains. In addition, the bacteria counts in transgenic fish strains were significantly decreased. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB, were suppressed between 9 and 12 h after challenge. This study confirms the anti-bacterial function of n-3 PUFAs in a transgenic zebrafish model. Conclusions Fadsd6 and Elvol5a transgenic zebrafish are more resistant to V. vulnificus infection, and enhance survival by diminishing the attendant inflammatory response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0208-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rajaei E, Mowla K, Ghorbani A, Bahadoram S, Bahadoram M, Dargahi-Malamir M. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving DMARDs Therapy: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:18-25. [PMID: 26925896 PMCID: PMC4965662 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a symmetric peripheral polyarthritis of unknown etiology that, untreated or if unresponsive the therapy, typically leads to deformity and destruction of joints due to erosion of cartilage and bone. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce morning stiffness, the number of tender joints and swollen joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study is designed for evaluation of omega-3 effects on disease activity and remission of rheumatoid arthritis in DMARDs treated patients and on weight changes and reduction of analgesic drugs consumption versus placebo. Methods: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (49 female and 11 male) underwent rheumatologist examination and disease activity score were calculated. Then patients were enrolled in this 12 week, double blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. The patients in both groups continued their pre study standard treatment. The patients were visited every 4 weeks, 4 times and data were recorded. Results: Significant improvement in the patient’s global evaluation and in the physician’s assessment of disease was observed in those taking omega-3. The proportions of patients who improved and of those who were able to reduce their concomitant analgesic medication were significantly greater with omega-3 consumption. There were no weight changes. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with omega-3 results has significant clinical benefit and may reduce the need for concomitant analgesic consumption without weight changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rajaei
- Department of Rheumatology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran..
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Ghosh R, Alajbegovic A, Gomes AV. NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:536962. [PMID: 26457127 PMCID: PMC4592725 DOI: 10.1155/2015/536962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are used for a variety of conditions including pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in reducing or relieving pain are well established, and other benefits such as reducing inflammation and anticancer effects are also documented. The undesirable side effects of NSAIDs include ulcers, internal bleeding, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Some of these side effects may be due to the oxidative stress induced by NSAIDs in different tissues. NSAIDs have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cell types including cardiac and cardiovascular related cells. Increases in ROS result in increased levels of oxidized proteins which alters key intracellular signaling pathways. One of these key pathways is apoptosis which causes cell death when significantly activated. This review discusses the relationship between NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NSAID-induced ROS in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hill CL, March LM, Aitken D, Lester SE, Battersby R, Hynes K, Fedorova T, Proudman SM, James M, Cleland LG, Jones G. Fish oil in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial of low dose versus high dose. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:23-9. [PMID: 26353789 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether high-dose fish oil is superior to low-dose supplementation for symptomatic and structural outcomes in knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial enrolled 202 patients with knee OA and regular knee pain. They were randomised 1:1 to high-dose fish oil (4.5 g omega-3 fatty acids) 15 mL/day or (2) low-dose fish oil (blend of fish oil and sunola oil; ratio of 1:9, 0.45 g omega-3 fatty acids) 15 mL/day. The primary endpoints were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, and change in cartilage volume at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included WOMAC function, quality of life, analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and bone marrow lesion score. RESULTS Although there was improvement in both groups, the low-dose fish oil group had greater improvement in WOMAC pain and function scores at 2 years compared with the high-dose group, whereas between-group differences at 1 year did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference between the two groups in cartilage volume loss at 2 years. For other secondary endpoints, there was no difference between the two groups at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS In people with symptomatic knee OA, there was no additional benefit of a high-dose fish oil compared with low-dose fish oil. The combination comparator oil appeared to have better efficacy in reducing pain at 2 years, suggesting that this requires further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12607000415404).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Hill
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia University of Adelaide, The Health Observatory, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Lynette M March
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Susan E Lester
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
| | - Ruth Battersby
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
| | - Kristen Hynes
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tanya Fedorova
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Michael James
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Leslie G Cleland
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of high-dose v. low-dose fish oil in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated that the group allocated to high-dose fish oil had increased remission and decreased failure of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. This study examines the relationships between plasma phospholipid levels of the n-3 fatty acids in fish oil, EPA and DHA, and remission and DMARD use in recent-onset RA. EPA and DHA were measured in blood samples from both groups of the RCT. The data were analysed as a single cohort, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine relationships between plasma phospholipid (PL) EPA and DHA and various outcome measures. When analysed as a single cohort, plasma PL EPA was related to time to remission, with a one unit increase in EPA (1% total fatty acids) associated with a 12% increase in the probability of remission at any time during the study period (hazard ratio (HR)=1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.23; P=0.02). Adjustment for smoking, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and 'shared epitope' HLA-DR allele status did not change the HR. Plasma PL EPA, adjusted for the same variables, was negatively related to time to DMARD failure (HR=0.85; 95% CI 0.72, 0.99; P=0.047). The HR for DHA and time to remission or DMARD failure were similar in magnitude to those for EPA, but not statistically significant. Biomarkers of n-3 status, such as plasma PL EPA, have the potential to predict clinical outcomes relevant to standard drug treatment of RA patients.
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Moghaddami M, James M, Proudman S, Cleland LG. Synovial fluid and plasma n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 97:7-12. [PMID: 25817850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) were examined in 36 patients with knee effusion within the context of a variety of rheumatic diagnoses and various stated fish oil (FO) intakes (from 0 to 30mL of standard FO daily) of variable duration. In a sub-group of patients, correlations between PUFA in SF mononuclear cells (MNC) and cell-free supernatants of SF and between SF MNC and peripheral blood (PB) MNC were examined. Correlations were also sought between clinical data (stated FO intake, pain score) and n-3 LC-PUFA. Correlations between plasma n-3 LC-PUFA and SF n-3 LC-PUFA were very strong (r(2)>0.9, p<0.001). The LC-PUFA profiles of SF supernatants differed from those of MNC. PUFA profiles in PB MNC and SF MNC were similar, except for a higher proportion of DHA in the latter. Positive correlations were observed between stated intakes of FO and EPA in plasma and SF (for both r=0.37, p=0.02) and DHA in plasma (r=0.37, p=0.02) and SF (r=0.36, p=0.03). n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma and SF correlated inversely with pain score (plasma r(2)=0.16, p<0.02; SF r(2) 0.32, p=0.001). In conclusion, plasma n-3 LC-PUFA is a strong indicator of SF n-3 LC-PUFA status across a broad range of rheumatic diagnoses and FO intakes. Higher n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma and SF were associated with lesser pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Moghaddami
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael James
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Leslie G Cleland
- Arthritis Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Woo SJ, Lim K, Park SY, Jung MY, Lim HS, Jeon MG, Lee SI, Park BH. Endogenous conversion of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis in fat-1 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:713-20. [PMID: 25910895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be used in the preventive or therapeutic management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, controversial results have been reported. Here, we examined the effects of a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio on RA using fat-1 transgenic mice. First, we tested whether fat-1 expression modulated signaling pathways in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). TNF-α activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and increased phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in wild type (WT) FLSs but not in fat-1 FLSs. Arthritis was induced by injection of K/BxN serum. Based on clinical scores, ankle thickness and pathological severity, we showed that WT mice developed clinically overt arthritis, whereas fat-1 mice showed attenuated arthritis. Moreover, fat-1 mice exhibited down-regulated local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines. Lastly, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) of WT mice differentiated into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclasts, whereas the osteoclastogenenic process was suppressed in BMMs of fat-1 mice. The endogenous conversion of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs via fat-1 plays a key role in attenuation of RA; therefore, dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may have therapeutic potential for the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ji Woo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Song Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Cho S, Ryu C, Yang J, Mbiriri DT, Choi CW, Chae JI, Kim YH, Shim KS, Kim YJ, Choi NJ. Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Feeding on the Growth Performance and Meat Fatty Acid Profiles in Broiler: Meta-analysis. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:995-1002. [PMID: 25049878 PMCID: PMC4093496 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding on growth performance and fatty acid profiles in thigh meat of broiler chicken was investigated using meta-analysis with a total of 9 studies. Overall effects were calculated by standardized mean differences between treatment (CLA fed) and control using Hedges’s adjusted g from fixed and random effect models. Meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the effect of CLA levels. Subgroups in the same study were designated according to used levels of CLA, CP levels or substituted oils in diets. The effects on final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were investigated as growth parameters. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations and C16:0, C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 concentrations in thigh meat of broiler chicken were used as fatty acid profile parameters. The overall effect of CLA feeding on final weight was negative and it was only significant in fixed effect model (p<0.01). Significantly lower weight gain, feed intake and higher feed conversion ratio compared to control were found (p<0.05). CLA feeding on the overall increased total saturated fatty acid concentration in broilers compared to the control diet (p<0.01). Total unsaturated fatty acid concentration was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). As for individual fatty acid profiles, C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3 were increased and C18:2 was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). In conclusion, CLA was proved not to be beneficial for improving growth performance, whereas it might be supposed that CLA is effective modulating n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in thigh meat. However, the economical compensation of the loss from suppressed growth performance and increased saturated fatty acids with the benefit from enhanced n-6/n-3 ratio should be investigated in further studies in order to propose an appropriate use of dietary CLA in the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbuem Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Ryu
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Jinho Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Weon Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Kwan-Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
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The role of FADS1/2 polymorphisms on cardiometabolic markers and fatty acid profiles in young adults consuming fish oil supplements. Nutrients 2014; 6:2290-304. [PMID: 24936800 PMCID: PMC4073151 DOI: 10.3390/nu6062290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) known to influence cardiometabolic markers of health. Evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2 (FADS1/2) gene cluster may influence an individual's response to n-3 FAs. This study examined the impact of a moderate daily dose of EPA and DHA fish oil supplements on cardiometabolic markers, FA levels in serum and red blood cells (RBC), and whether these endpoints were influenced by SNPs in FADS1/2. Young adults consumed fish oil supplements (1.8 g total EPA/DHA per day) for 12 weeks followed by an 8-week washout period. Serum and RBC FA profiles were analyzed every two weeks by gas chromatography. Two SNPs were genotyped: rs174537 in FADS1 and rs174576 in FADS2. Participants had significantly reduced levels of blood triglycerides (-13%) and glucose (-11%) by week 12; however, these benefits were lost during the washout period. EPA and DHA levels increased significantly in serum (+250% and +51%, respectively) and RBCs (+132% and +18%, respectively) within the first two weeks of supplementation and remained elevated throughout the 12-week period. EPA and DHA levels in RBCs only (not serum) remained significantly elevated (+37% and +24%, respectively) after the washout period. Minor allele carriers for both SNPs experienced greater increases in RBC EPA levels during supplementation; suggesting that genetic variation at this locus can influence an individual's response to fish oil supplements.
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Ross-Jones T, Hess T, Rexford J, Ahrens N, Engle T, Hansen DK. Effects of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Equine Synovial Fluid Fatty Acid Composition and Prostaglandin E2. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Proudman SM, James MJ, Spargo LD, Metcalf RG, Sullivan TR, Rischmueller M, Flabouris K, Wechalekar MD, Lee AT, Cleland LG. Fish oil in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind controlled trial within algorithm-based drug use. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:89-95. [PMID: 24081439 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of fish oil (FO) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been examined in the context of contemporary treatment of early RA. This study examined the effects of high versus low dose FO in early RA employing a 'treat-to-target' protocol of combination disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Patients with RA <12 months' duration and who were DMARD-naïve were enrolled and randomised 2:1 to FO at a high dose or low dose (for masking). These groups, designated FO and control, were given 5.5 or 0.4 g/day, respectively, of the omega-3 fats, eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid. All patients received methotrexate (MTX), sulphasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, and DMARD doses were adjusted according to an algorithm taking disease activity and toxicity into account. DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) and remission were assessed three monthly. The primary outcome measure was failure of triple DMARD therapy. RESULTS In the FO group, failure of triple DMARD therapy was lower (HR=0.28 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.63; p=0.002) unadjusted and 0.24 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.54; p=0.0006) following adjustment for smoking history, shared epitope and baseline anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. The rate of first American College of Rheumatology (ACR) remission was significantly greater in the FO compared with the control group (HRs=2.17 (95% CI 1.07 to 4.42; p=0.03) unadjusted and 2.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.30; p=0.04) adjusted). There were no differences between groups in MTX dose, DAS28 or mHAQ scores, or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS FO was associated with benefits additional to those achieved by combination 'treat-to-target' DMARDs with similar MTX use. These included reduced triple DMARD failure and a higher rate of ACR remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J James
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Llewellyn D Spargo
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert G Metcalf
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas R Sullivan
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katerina Flabouris
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mihir D Wechalekar
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anita T Lee
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leslie G Cleland
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Fish oil administration in older adults with cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors: is there potential for adverse events? A systematic review of the literature. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4371-5. [PMID: 23742929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Villani AM, Crotty M, Cleland LG, James MJ, Fraser RJ, Cobiac L, Miller MD. Fish oil administration in older adults: is there potential for adverse events? A systematic review of the literature. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:41. [PMID: 23634646 PMCID: PMC3664575 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation is becoming increasingly popular. However given its antithrombotic properties the potential for severe adverse events (SAE) such as bleeding has safety implications, particularly in an older adult population. A systematic review of randomized control trials (RCT) was conducted to explore the potential for SAE and non-severe adverse events (non-SAE) associated with n-3 supplementation in older adults. Methods A comprehensive search strategy using Medline and a variety of other electronic sources was conducted. Studies investigating the oral administration of n-3 fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or both against a placebo were sourced. The primary outcome of interest included reported SAE associated with n-3 supplementation. Chi-square analyses were conducted on the pooled aggregate of AEs. Results Of the 398 citations initially retrieved, a total of 10 studies involving 994 older adults aged ≥60 years were included in the review. Daily fish oil doses ranged from 0.03 g to 1.86 g EPA and/or DHA with study durations ranging from 6 to 52 weeks. No SAE were reported and there were no significant differences in the total AE rate between groups (n-3 intervention group: 53/540; 9.8%; placebo group: 28/454; 6.2%; p = 0.07). Non-SAE relating to gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances were the most commonly reported however there was no significant increase in the proportion of GI disturbances reported in participants randomized to the n-3 intervention (n-3 intervention group: 42/540 (7.8%); placebo group: 24/454 (5.3%); p = 0.18). Conclusions The potential for AEs appear mild-moderate at worst and are unlikely to be of clinical significance. The use of n-3 fatty acids and the potential for SAE should however be further researched to investigate whether this evidence is consistent at higher doses and in other populations. These results also highlight that well-documented data outlining the potential for SAE following n-3 supplementation are limited nor adequately reported to draw definitive conclusions concerning the safety associated with n-3 supplementation. A more rigorous and systematic approach for monitoring and recording AE data in clinical settings that involve n-3 supplementation is required.
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McDaniel J, Ickes E, Holloman C. Beneficial n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and n6:n3 ratios after 4-week EPA + DHA supplementation associated with reduced CRP: A pilot study in healthy young adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2013.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cai K, Whittle SL, Richards BL, Ramiro S, Falzon L, Buchbinder R. Marine oil supplements for rheumatoid arthritis. Hippokratia 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cai
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Institute of Rheumatology and Orthopedics; Missenden Road Camperdown New South Wales Australia 2050
| | - Samuel L Whittle
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Rheumatology Unit; 28 Woodville Road Woodville South South Australia Australia 5011
| | - Bethan L Richards
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Institute of Rheumatology and Orthopedics; Missenden Road Camperdown New South Wales Australia 2050
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Leiden University Medical Center; Department of Rheumatology; Leiden Netherlands
- Zuyderland Medical Center; Heerlen Netherlands
| | - Louise Falzon
- Columbia University Medical Center; Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health; PH9 Room 322 622 West 168th St New York NY USA 10032
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- Monash University; Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Melbourne Australia
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An update on nutraceuticals in joint pathology. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e3182642142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:356-62. [PMID: 22835600 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We undertook this study to assess the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (administered at ≥2.7 g/day) for a minimum duration of 3 months on clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The authors surveyed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on clinical outcomes in RA patients using Medline and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and by performing manual searches. Meta-analysis of RCTs was performed using fixed and random effects models. Outcomes are presented as standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS Ten RCTs involving 183 RA patients and 187 placebo-treated RA controls were included in this meta-analysis. The analysis showed that omega-3 PUFAs clearly reduced nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption (SMD -0.518, 95% CI -0.915 to -0.121, p = 0.011) without between-study heterogeneity (I(2) = 0%). Tender joint count (SMD -0.214, 95% CI-0.489-0.062, p = 0.128), swollen joint count (SMD -0.170, 95% CI-0.454-0.114, p = 0.241), morning stiffness (SMD -0.224, 95% CI-0.955-0.212, p = 0.221), and physical function (SMD 0.264, 95% CI-0.232-0.724, p = 0.314) showed a trend to improve more in patients treated with omega-3 PUFAs than in placebo-treated controls, but they did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the use of omega-3 PUFAs at dosages >2.7 g/day for >3 months reduces NSAID consumption by RA patients. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical and NSAID-sparing effects of omega-3 PUFAs in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shin D, Choi SH, Go G, Park JH, Narciso-Gaytán C, Morgan CA, Smith SB, Sánchez-Plata MX, Ruiz-Feria CA. Effects of dietary combination of n-3 and n-9 fatty acids on the deposition of linoleic and arachidonic acid in broiler chicken meats. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1009-17. [PMID: 22399741 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To minimize the amount of n-6 fatty acids in broiler chicken meat, 120 Cobb × Ross male broilers were divided into 6 different groups and fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 5% fat from 5 different lipid sources: 1) a commercial mix of animal and vegetable oil, 2) soybean oil and olive oil (2.5% each), 3) flaxseed oil and olive oil (2.5% each), 4) flaxseed oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5; EPA; n-3), and olive oil (2.45, 0.05, and 2.5% respectively; FEO), 5) flaxseed oil, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6; DHA; n-3), and olive oil (2.45, 0.05, and 2.5% respectively; FDO), and 6) fish oil and olive oil (2.5% each; FHO). At 6 and 9 wk, one bird per pen (4 pens per treatment) was processed, and liver, breast, and thigh samples were collected and used for fatty acid profiles or Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase mRNA gene expression levels. The deposition of linoleic acid (C18:2; n-6) or arachidonic acid (C20:4; n-6) was decreased in breast and thigh muscles of chickens fed n-3 fatty acids for 9 wk compared with chickens fed animal and vegetable oil and soybean oil and olive oil diets (P < 0.05). The addition of EPA to the diet (FEO; P > 0.05) did not reduce the deposition of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid as much as DHA (FDO; P < 0.05), and it suppressed the expression of Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase. When EPA and DHA were blended (FHO) and supplied to broiler chickens for 9 wk, EPA and DHA combination effects were observed on the deposition of LA and arachidonic acid in breast and thigh muscles. Thereby, the addition of a mixed EPA and DHA to a broiler chicken diet may be recommendable to reduce arachidonic acid accumulation in both broiler chicken breast and thigh meats, providing a functional broiler chicken meat to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shin
- Department of Poultry Science, 2472 TAMU, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843-2472
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