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Caravaggi P, Assirelli E, Ensini A, Ortolani M, Mariani E, Leardini A, Neri S, Belvedere C. Biomechanical-Based Protocol for in vitro Study of Cartilage Response to Cyclic Loading: A Proof-of-Concept in Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:634327. [PMID: 34012954 PMCID: PMC8126668 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.634327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an evolving disease and a major cause of pain and impaired mobility. A deeper understanding of cartilage metabolism in response to loading is critical to achieve greater insight into OA mechanisms. While physiological joint loading helps maintain cartilage integrity, reduced or excessive loading have catabolic effects. The main scope of this study is to present an original methodology potentially capable to elucidate the effect of cyclic joint loading on cartilage metabolism, to identify mechanisms involved in preventing or slowing down OA progression, and to provide preliminary data on its application. In the proposed protocol, the combination of biomechanical data and medical imaging are integrated with molecular information about chondrocyte mechanotransduction and tissue homeostasis. The protocol appears to be flexible and suitable to analyze human OA knee cartilage explants, with different degrees of degeneration, undergoing ex vivo realistic cyclic joint loading estimated via gait analysis in patients simulating mild activities of daily living. The modulation of molecules involved in cartilage homeostasis, mechanotransduction, inflammation, pain and wound healing can be analyzed in chondrocytes and culture supernatants. A thorough analysis performed with the proposed methodology, combining in vivo functional biomechanical evaluations with ex vivo molecular assessments is expected to provide new insights on the beneficial effects of physiological loading and contribute to the design and optimization of non-pharmacological treatments limiting OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Caravaggi
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Assirelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ensini
- I Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ortolani
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Belvedere
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Prickett TC, A Espiner E. Circulating products of C-type natriuretic peptide and links with organ function in health and disease. Peptides 2020; 132:170363. [PMID: 32634451 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine actions of CNP and rapid degradation at source severely limit study of CNP's many roles in vivo. However provided sensitive and validated assays are used, there is increasing evidence that low concentrations of bioactive CNP in plasma, and the readily detectable concentrations of the bio-inactive processed product of proCNP (aminoterminal proCNP), can be used to advance understanding of the hormone's role in pathophysiology. Provided renal function is normal, concordant changes in both CNP and NTproCNP reflect change in tissue production of proCNP whereas change in CNP alone results from altered rates of bioactive CNP degradation and are reflected in the ratio of NTproCNP to CNP. As already shown in juveniles, where plasma concentration of CNP products are higher and are associated with concurrent endochondral bone growth, measurements of plasma CNP products in mature adults have potential to clarify organ response to stress and injury. Excepting the role of CNP in fetal-maternal welfare, this review examines evidence linking plasma CNP products with function of a wide range of tissues in adults, including the impact of extraneous factors such as nutrients, hormone therapy and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cr Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand.
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
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Tufan AC. Analogs of C-type natriuretic peptide as a potential new non-surgical treatment strategy in knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop 2019; 16:522-525. [PMID: 31680745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic, progressive, and multifactorial musculoskeletal system disease affecting millions of people around the world. Despite the use of several treatment modalities, the search for a disease modifying drug continuous. Recent evidence suggest involvement of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) signaling in induction of chondroprotective pathways. A CNP analog (BMN 111) with an extended plasma half-life due to its neutral-endopeptidase resistance has shown to be pharmacologically active in achondroplasia enabling to hypothesize that BMN 111 may also be used as a treatment strategy in OA, in which CNP signaling has been suggested to be protective and/or reparative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cevik Tufan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Xiong G, Lingampalli N, Koltsov JC, Leung LL, Bhutani N, Robinson WH, Chu CR. Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:409-419. [PMID: 29211968 PMCID: PMC8487642 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517740845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used for a variety of clinical applications. However, clinical outcome studies have not consistently shown positive effects. The composition of PRP differs based on many factors. An improved understanding of factors influencing the composition of PRP is important for the optimization of PRP use. HYPOTHESIS Age and sex influence the PRP composition in healthy patients. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Blood from 39 healthy patients was collected at a standardized time and processed into leukocyte-poor PRP within 1 hour of collection using the same laboratory centrifuge protocol and frozen for later analysis. Eleven female and 10 male patients were "young" (aged 18-30 years), while 8 male and 10 female patients were "older" (aged 45-60 years). Thawed PRP samples were assessed for cytokine and growth factor levels using a multiplex assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The platelet count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured. Two-way analysis of variance determined age- and sex-based differences. RESULTS Platelet and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were similar in PRP between the groups ( P = .234). Male patients had higher cytokine and growth factor levels in PRP compared with female patients for inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (9.83 vs 7.71 pg/mL, respectively; P = .008) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (131.6 vs 110.5 pg/mL, respectively; P = .048); the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) (298.0 vs 218.0 pg/mL, respectively; P < .001); and growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-basic) (237.9 vs 194.0 pg/mL, respectively; P = .01), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) (3296.2 vs 2579.3 pg/mL, respectively; P = .087), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) (118.8 vs 92.8 ng/mL, respectively; P = .002). Age- but not sex-related differences were observed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) ( P < .001). Age and sex interaction terms were not significant. While mean differences were significant, there was also substantial intragroup variability. CONCLUSION This study in healthy patients shows differences in the composition of PRP between men and women, with sex being a greater factor than age. There was also proteomic variability within the groups. These data support a personalized approach to PRP treatment and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the relationships between proteomic factors in PRP and clinical outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Variability in the proteomic profile of PRP may affect tissue and clinical responses to treatment. These data suggest that clinical studies should account for the composition of PRP used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California, USA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department
of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jayme C.B. Koltsov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence L. Leung
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department
of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Constance R. Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo
Alto, California, USA
- Address correspondence to Constance R. Chu, MD,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450
Broadway Street, MC 6342, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Shi Q, Qian Z, Liu D, Sun J, Xu J, Guo X. Maintaining the Phenotype Stability of Chondrocytes Derived from MSCs by C-Type Natriuretic Peptide. Front Physiol 2017; 8:143. [PMID: 28337152 PMCID: PMC5340764 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a critical role in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs-derived chondrocytes or cartilage tissues are not stable and easily lose the cellular and cartilage phenotype during long-term culture in vitro or implantation in vivo. As a result, chondrocytes phenotypic instability can contribute to accelerated ossification. Thus, it is a big challenge to maintain their correct phenotype for engineering hyaline cartilage. As one member of the natriuretic peptide family, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is found to correlate with the development of the cartilage, affect the chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation. Besides, based on its biological effects on protection of extracellular matrix of cartilage and inhibition of mineralization, we hypothesize that CNP may contribute to the stability of chondrocyte phenotype of MSCs-derived chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing, China; Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing, China; Stomatology Center, General Hospital of Armed Police ForcesBeijing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing, China
| | - Ximin Guo
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
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Peake NJ, Bader DL, Vessillier S, Ramachandran M, Salter DM, Hobbs AJ, Chowdhury TT. C-type natriuretic peptide signalling drives homeostatic effects in human chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:784-9. [PMID: 26307537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Signals induced by mechanical loading and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) represent chondroprotective routes that may potentially prevent osteoarthritis (OA). We examined whether CNP will reduce hyaluronan production and export via members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and diminish pro-inflammatory effects in human chondrocytes. The presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased HA production and export via MRP5 that was reduced with CNP and/or loading. Treatment with IL-1β conditioned medium increased production of catabolic mediators and the response was reduced with the hyaluronan inhibitor, Pep-1. The induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the conditioned medium was reduced by CNP and/or Pep-1, αCD44 or αTLR4 in a cytokine-dependent manner, suggesting that the CNP pathway is protective and should be exploited further.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Peake
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - D L Bader
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - S Vessillier
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Biotherapeutics Group, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - M Ramachandran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The Royal London Hospital and Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - D M Salter
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crew Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - A J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T T Chowdhury
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Stoddart MJ, Bara J, Alini M. Cells and secretome--towards endogenous cell re-activation for cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:135-45. [PMID: 25174306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches to cartilage tissue repair have mainly been concerned with the implantation of a scaffold material containing monolayer expanded cells into the defect, with the aim to differentiate the cells into chondrocytes. While this may be a valid approach, the secretome of the implanted cells and its effects on the endogenous resident cells, is gaining in interest. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, including knowledge from other tissues, in order to indicate how these mechanisms may be of value in repairing articular cartilage defects. Potential therapies and their effects on the repair of articular cartilage defects will be discussed, with a focus on the transition from classical cell therapy to the implantation of cell free matrices releasing specific cytokines.
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8
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Peake NJ, Pavlov AM, D’Souza A, Pingguan-Murphy B, Sukhorukov GB, Hobbs AJ, Chowdhury TT. Controlled Release of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide by Microencapsulation Dampens Proinflammatory Effects Induced by IL-1β in Cartilage Explants. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:524-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501575w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick J. Peake
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Anton M. Pavlov
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Saratov State University, 83
Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alveena D’Souza
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse
Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tina T. Chowdhury
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Peake NJ, Hobbs AJ, Pingguan-Murphy B, Salter DM, Berenbaum F, Chowdhury TT. Role of C-type natriuretic peptide signalling in maintaining cartilage and bone function. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1800-7. [PMID: 25086404 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been demonstrated in human and mouse models to play critical roles in cartilage homeostasis and endochondral bone formation. Indeed, targeted inactivation of the genes encoding CNP results in severe dwarfism and skeletal defects with a reduction in growth plate chondrocytes. Conversely, cartilage-specific overexpression of CNP was observed to rescue the phenotype of CNP deficient mice and significantly enhanced bone growth caused by growth plate expansion. In vitro studies reported that exogenous CNP influenced chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation and matrix synthesis with the response dependent on CNP concentration. The chondroprotective effects were shown to be mediated by natriuretic peptide receptor (Npr)2 and enhanced synthesis of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) production. Recent studies also showed certain homeostatic effects of CNP are mediated by the clearance inactivation receptor, Npr3, highlighting several mechanisms in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the CNP signalling systems are complex and influenced by multiple factors that will lead to altered signalling and tissue dysfunction. This review will discuss the differential role of CNP signalling in regulating cartilage and bone homeostasis and how the pathways are influenced by age, inflammation or sex. Evidence indicates that enhanced CNP signalling may prevent growth retardation and protect cartilage in patients with inflammatory joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Peake
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - A J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - B Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D M Salter
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crew Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - F Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 938, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Rheumatology and DHU i2B, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - T T Chowdhury
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Mechanical loading: potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2014; 22:465-6. [PMID: 24966253 PMCID: PMC5007862 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-22-07-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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11
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Zhang Y, Pizzute T, Pei M. Anti-inflammatory strategies in cartilage repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:655-68. [PMID: 24846478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects are normally concomitant with posttraumatic inflammation and pose a major challenge in cartilage repair. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage and its inability to surmount an inflammatory response, the cartilage is easily attacked by proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress; if left untreated, osteoarthritis may develop. Suppression of inflammation has always been a crux for cartilage repair. Pharmacological drugs have been successfully applied in cartilage repair; however, they cannot optimally work alone. This review article will summarize current pharmacological drugs and their application in cartilage repair. The development of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and preconditioned tissue-specific stem cells will be emphasized because both of these tissue engineering components could contribute to an enhanced ability not only for cartilage regeneration but also for anti-inflammation. These strategies could be combined to boost cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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Glass KA, Link JM, Brunger JM, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Tissue-engineered cartilage with inducible and tunable immunomodulatory properties. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5921-31. [PMID: 24767790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is mediated in part by inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), which promote degradation of articular cartilage and prevent human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. In this study, we combined gene therapy and functional tissue engineering to develop engineered cartilage with immunomodulatory properties that allow chondrogenesis in the presence of pathologic levels of IL-1 by inducing overexpression of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in MSCs via scaffold-mediated lentiviral gene delivery. A doxycycline-inducible vector was used to transduce MSCs in monolayer or within 3D woven PCL scaffolds to enable tunable IL-1Ra production. In the presence of IL-1, IL-1Ra-expressing engineered cartilage produced cartilage-specific extracellular matrix, while resisting IL-1-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and maintaining mechanical properties similar to native articular cartilage. The ability of functional engineered cartilage to deliver tunable anti-inflammatory cytokines to the joint may enhance the long-term success of therapies for cartilage injuries or osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Glass
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jarrett M Link
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Franklin T Moutos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Peake N, Su N, Ramachandran M, Achan P, Salter DM, Bader DL, Moyes AJ, Hobbs AJ, Chowdhury TT. Natriuretic peptide receptors regulate cytoprotective effects in a human ex vivo 3D/bioreactor model. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R76. [PMID: 23883591 PMCID: PMC3978875 DOI: 10.1186/ar4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and biomechanical signals on anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. METHODS Natriuretic peptide (Npr) 2 and 3 expression were compared in non-diseased (grade 0/1) and diseased (grade IV) human cartilage by immunofluoresence microscopy and western blotting. In separate experiments, constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with CNP, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the Npr2 antagonist P19 or the Npr3 agonist cANF⁴⁻²³. Nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) release, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and CNP concentration were quantified using biochemical assays. Gene expression of Npr2, Npr3, CNP, aggrecan and collagen type II were assessed by real-time qPCR. Two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The present study demonstrates increased expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in diseased or older cartilage (age 70) when compared to non-diseased tissue (age 60) which showed minimal expression. There was strong parallelism in the actions of CNP on cGMP induction resulting in enhanced GAG synthesis and reduction of NO and PGE₂ release induced by IL-1β. Inhibition of Npr2 with P19 maintained catabolic activities whilst specific agonism of Npr3 with cANF⁴⁻²³ had the opposite effect and reduced NO and PGE₂ release. Co-stimulation with CNP and dynamic compression enhanced anabolic activities and inhibited catabolic effects induced by IL-1β. The presence of CNP and the Npr2 antagonist abolished the anabolic response to mechanical loading and prevented loading-induced inhibition of NO and PGE₂ release. In contrast, the presence of the Npr3 agonist had the opposite effect and increased GAG synthesis and cGMP levels in response to mechanical loading and reduced NO and PGE₂ release comparable to control samples. In addition, CNP concentration and natriuretic peptide receptor expression were increased with dynamic compression. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical loading mediates endogenous CNP release leading to increased natriuretic peptide signalling. The loading-induced CNP/Npr2/cGMP signalling route mediates anabolic events and prevents catabolic activities induced by IL-1β. The CNP pathway therefore represents a potentially chondroprotective intervention for patients with OA, particularly when combined with physiotherapeutic approaches to stimulate biomechanical signals.
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Hu P, Wang J, Hu B, Lu L, Xuan Q, Qin YH. Increased urinary C-type natriuretic peptide excretion may be an early marker of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Peptides 2012; 37:98-105. [PMID: 22743139 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although recent major advances have developed a much better understanding of the pathophysiological pathways, tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is still currently incurable. Therefore, early detection may mean that the condition is more manageable than it was in the past. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been found to be a potent vasodilator but a weak natriuretic factor. In addition, CNP has also been believed to be produced in tubular cells and presented as a local modulator with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Elimination of CNP occurs by three main mechanisms, neutral endopeptidase, natriuretic peptide receptor-C and urinary excretion. Among them, the status of urinary CNP excretion in nephropathies is not yet fully elucidated. In the present study, subgroups of rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or sham operation and observed for 24h to 3 months. Urinary CNP excretion was significantly enhanced in UUO rats from 24h to 1 month post-ligation compared to sham-operated rats. Urinary CNP excretion was also markedly higher than CNP concentrations both in abdominal aorta and in renal vein, and almost identical concentrations in these two vessels excluded major renal extraction of circulating CNP of systemic origin. Urinary CNP excretion was negatively correlated with urinary protein concentration, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, while positively correlated with albumin. In conclusion, the increased urinary CNP excretion is strongly associated with TIF progression, and may serve as an early marker of TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China.
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