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Niessink T, Stassen RHMJ, Kischkel B, Vuscan P, Emans PJ, van den Akker GGH, Janssen M, Joosten LAB, Otto C, Welting TJM, Jansen TL. Discovery of calcite as a new pro-inflammatory calcium-containing crystal in human osteoarthritic synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:1261-1272. [PMID: 38806070 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize calcium-containing crystals present in synovial fluid from patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) using Raman spectroscopy, and specifically investigate the biological effects of calcite crystals. DESIGN Thirty-two synovial fluid samples were collected pre-operatively from knee OA patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. An integrated Raman polarized light microscope was used for identification of crystals in synovial fluid. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's), human OA articular chondrocytes (HACs) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were exposed to calcite crystals. Expression of relevant cytokines and inflammatory genes were measured using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Various calcium-containing crystals were identified, including calcium pyrophosphate (37.5 %) and basic calcium phosphate (21.8 %), but they were never found simultaneously in the same OA synovial fluid sample. For the first time, we discovered the presence of calcite crystals in 93.8 % of the samples, while dolomite was detected in 25 % of the cases. Characterization of the cellular response to calcite crystal exposure revealed increased production of innate immune-derived cytokines by PBMC's, when co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, calcite crystal stimulation of HACs and FLSs resulted in enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and alterations in the expression of extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the unique role of Raman spectroscopy in OA crystal research and identified calcite as a novel pro-inflammatory crystal type in OA synovial fluid. Understanding the role of specific crystal species in the OA joint may open new avenues for pharmacological interventions and personalized approaches to treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Niessink
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL Venlo, the Netherlands; Personalized Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Bioengineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Roderick H M J Stassen
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Vuscan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Emans
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Janssen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Pasteur, Nr. 6, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cees Otto
- Personalized Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Department of Bioengineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim L Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Tegelseweg 210, 5912 BL Venlo, the Netherlands
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Jia Q, Dong Q, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Li Y, Chao Z, Liu J. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of the urinary metabolic signature of acute and chronic gout. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 565:119968. [PMID: 39276825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is a common kind of inflammatory arthritis with metabolic disorders. However, the detailed pathogenesis of gout is complex and not fully clear. We investigated the urine metabolic profiling of gout patients by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). METHOD Urine metabolites were extracted from 26 acute gout patients, 31 chronic gout patients, and 32 healthy controls. Metabolite extracts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS for untargeted metabolomics. The peak area of creatinine was used to correct the content variations of urine samples for the semi-quantitative analysis. The value of variable importance in the projection (VIP) was obtained through the orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), and several differential metabolites were screened out. RESULTS The potential metabolic markers of gout in different stages were found based on the t-test. Finally, 18 different metabolites were identified through Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and Targeted-MS/MS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results revealed that all the screened biomarkers exerted high accuracy and diagnostic value. Pathway analysis indicated that the significantly different metabolites were mainly involved in purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSION The identified potential biomarkers are mainly involved in purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which leads us to further explore the pathogenesis of gout. This will lead us to further explore the pathogenesis of gout and provide the basis and ideas for the prevention and treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Qiuxia Dong
- Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, The Second Ward of Oncology, Xining, People's Republic of China, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, The Second Ward of Oncology, Xining, People's Republic of China, Xining 810001, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhu Chao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Released Preparations, School of Pharmacy, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, China.
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang 332000, China.
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3
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Verlinden SF. The genetic advantage of healthy centenarians: unraveling the central role of NLRP3 in exceptional healthspan. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1452453. [PMID: 39301197 PMCID: PMC11410711 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1452453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research into extending human healthspan (HS) and compressing morbidity, the mechanisms underlying aging remain elusive. However, a better understanding of the genetic advantages responsible for the exceptional HS of healthy centenarians (HC), who live in good physical and mental health for one hundred or more years, could lead to innovative health-extending strategies. This review explores the role of NLRP3, a critical component of innate immunity that significantly impacts aging. It is activated by pathogen-associated signals and self-derived signals that increase with age, leading to low-grade inflammation implicated in age-related diseases. Furthermore, NLRP3 functions upstream in several molecular aging pathways, regulates cellular senescence, and may underlie the robust health observed in HC. By targeting NLRP3, mice exhibit a phenotype akin to that of HC, the HS of monkeys is extended, and aging symptoms are reversed in humans. Thus, targeting NLRP3 could offer a promising approach to extend HS. Additionally, a paradigm shift is proposed. Given that the HS of the broader population is 30 years shorter than that of HC, it is postulated that they suffer from a form of accelerated aging. The term 'auto-aging' is suggested to describe accelerated aging driven by NLRP3.
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Riksen NP, Bekkering S, Mulder WJM, Netea MG. Trained immunity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:799-811. [PMID: 37322182 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity, also known as innate immune memory, is a persistent hyper-responsive functional state of innate immune cells. Accumulating evidence implicates trained immunity as an underlying mechanism of chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this context, trained immunity is induced by endogenous atherosclerosis-promoting factors, such as modified lipoproteins or hyperglycaemia, causing broad metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of the myeloid cell compartment. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle factors, including unhealthy diets, sedentary lifestyle, sleep deprivation and psychosocial stress, as well as inflammatory comorbidities, have been shown to activate trained immunity-like mechanisms in bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells. In this Review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of trained immunity, its systemic regulation through haematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, and the activation of these mechanisms by cardiovascular disease risk factors. We also highlight other trained immunity features that are relevant for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including the diverse cell types that show memory characteristics and transgenerational inheritance of trained immunity traits. Finally, we propose potential strategies for the therapeutic modulation of trained immunity to manage atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cabău G, Gaal O, Badii M, Nica V, Mirea AM, Hotea I, Pamfil C, Popp RA, Netea MG, Rednic S, Crișan TO, Joosten LA. Hyperuricemia remodels the serum proteome toward a higher inflammatory state. iScience 2023; 26:107909. [PMID: 37810213 PMCID: PMC10550725 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is an autoinflammatory disease triggered by a complex innate immune response to MSU crystals and inflammatory triggers. While hyperuricemia is an obligatory risk factor for the development of gout, the majority of individuals with hyperuricemia never develop gout but have an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Current management of gout aims at MSU crystal dissolution by lowering serum urate. We apply a targeted proteomic analysis, using Olink inflammation panel, to a large group of individuals with gout, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and normouricemic controls, and we show a urate-driven inflammatory signature. We add in vivo evidence of persistent immune activation linked to urate exposure and describe immune pathways involved in the pathogenesis of gout. Our results support a pro-inflammatory effect of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and pave the way for new research into targetable mechanisms in gout and cardiometabolic complications of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Orsolya Gaal
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Valentin Nica
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Hotea
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - HINT-consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu A. Popp
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simona Rednic
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania O. Crișan
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Zhao Q, Xia N, Xu J, Wang Y, Feng L, Su D, Cheng Z. Pro-Inflammatory of PRDM1/SIRT2/NLRP3 Axis in Monosodium Urate-Induced Acute Gouty Arthritis. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:614-628. [PMID: 37385228 PMCID: PMC10601665 DOI: 10.1159/000530966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PR domain-containing 1 with zinc finger domain (PRDM1) has been reported as a promoter of inflammation, which is a critical process involved in the pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis. Herein, we sought to ascertain the function of PRDM1 in the development of acute gouty arthritis and related mechanisms. At first, peripheral blood-derived monocytes from patients with acute gouty arthritis and healthy individuals were collected as experimental samples. Then, macrophages were induced from monocytes using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The expression patterns of PRDM1, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), and NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) were characterized by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. PMA-induced macrophages were stimulated by monosodium urate (MSU) for in vitro experimentation. Meanwhile, a murine model of MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis was established for in vivo validation. PRDM1 was highly expressed while SIRT2 poorly expressed in patients with acute gouty arthritis. Loss of PRDM1 could reduce NLRP3 inflammasome and mature IL-1β levels and downregulate inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, which contributed to protection against acute gouty arthritis. Furthermore, results showed that PRDM1 could inhibit SIRT2 expression via binding to the deacetylase SIRT2 promoter. Finally, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that PRDM1 increased NLRP3 inflammasome and mature IL-1β through transcriptional inhibition of SIRT2, whereby aggravating MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis. To sum up, PRDM1 increased NLRP3 inflammasome through inhibiting SIRT2, consequently aggravating MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luwen Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dihan Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifeng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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7
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Xu H, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zeng F, Wang W, Chen Z, Cao L, Shi J, Chen J, Zhu X, Xue Y, He R, Ji M, Hua Y. Type II collagen facilitates gouty arthritis by regulating MSU crystallisation and inflammatory cell recruitment. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:416-427. [PMID: 36109143 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that impaired cartilage is a substantial risk factor for the progression from hyperuricaemia to gout. Since the relationship between cartilage matrix protein and gout flares remains unclear, we investigated its role in monosodium urate (MSU) crystallisation and following inflammation. METHODS Briefly, we screened for cartilage matrix in synovial fluid from gouty arthritis patients with cartilage injuries. After identifying a correlation between crystals and matrix molecules, we conducted image analysis and classification of crystal phenotypes according to their morphology. We then evaluated the differences between the cartilage matrix protein-MSU complex and the pure MSU crystal in their interaction with immune cells and identified the related signalling pathway. RESULTS Type II collagen (CII) was found to be enriched around MSU crystals in synovial fluid after cartilage injury. Imaging analysis revealed that CII regulated the morphology of single crystals and the alignment of crystal bows in the co-crystalline system, leading to greater phagocytosis and oxidative stress in macrophages. Furthermore, CII upregulated MSU-induced chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, thereby promoting the recruitment of leucocytes. Mechanistically, CII enhanced MSU-mediated inflammation by activating the integrin β1(ITGB1)-dependent TLR2/4-NF-κB signal pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the release of CII and protein-crystal adsorption modifies the crystal profile and promotes the early immune response in MSU-mediated inflammation. These findings open up a new path for understanding the relationship between cartilage injuries and the early immune response in gout flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanLin Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhen Zeng
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - MinBiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - YingHui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hou W, Xia X, Li Y, Lv H, Liu J, Li X. Recent progress and perspectives on the relationship between hyperuricemia and periodontitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995582. [PMID: 36466813 PMCID: PMC9708725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in oral cavity, which could not merely lead to the destruction of supporting or surrounding tooth structures but also affect the whole-body health such as the digestive and nervous systems. Epidemiological investigations suggested that in some developed countries, more than 45% or even 50% population were suffering from periodontitis. However, the prevalence increases with age remarkably and it is investigated that a high prevalence (>50%) is affecting the elderly who is over 65 years old. There is an increasing interest in the direct and indirect relationships between periodontitis and hyperuricemia. Currently, hyperuricemia has become the second major metabolic disease in modern society and the prevalence of hyperuricemia among adult males and females was 21.7% and 14.4% respectively. As an inflammatory disease associated with various systemic diseases, periodontitis may have certain connections with hyperuricemia. Partial existing research announced that hyperuricemia could act as an inhibitory factor for periodontitis, while other scholars presented that a high uric acid (UA) level was more likely to aggravate inflammatory immune response and lead to more serious tissue destruction. This article provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the relationship underlying hyperuricemia and periodontitis in the molecular mechanisms. Given the impact of hyperuricemia, this review could provide insight into its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Hou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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9
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Gout and Diet: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Management. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173525. [PMID: 36079783 PMCID: PMC9459802 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is well known as an inflammatory rheumatic disease presenting with arthritis and abnormal metabolism of uric acid. The recognition of diet-induced systemic metabolic pathways have provided new mechanistic insights and potential interventions on gout progression. However, the dietary recommendations for gouty patients generally focus on food categories, with few simultaneous considerations of nutritional factors and systemic metabolism. It is worthwhile to comprehensively review the mechanistic findings and potential interventions of diet-related nutrients against the development of gout, including purine metabolism, urate deposition, and gouty inflammation. Although piecemeal modifications of various nutrients often provide incomplete dietary recommendations, understanding the role of nutritional factors in gouty development can help patients choose their healthy diet based on personal preference and disease course. The combination of dietary management and medication may potentially achieve enhanced treatment effects, especially for severe patients. Therefore, the role of dietary and nutritional factors in the development of gout is systematically reviewed to propose dietary modification strategies for gout management by: (1) reducing nutritional risk factors against metabolic syndrome; (2) supplementing with beneficial nutrients to affect uric acid metabolism and gouty inflammation; and (3) considering nutritional modification combined with medication supplementation to decrease the frequency of gout flares.
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10
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Wu C, Li F, Zhang X, Xu W, Wang Y, Yao Y, Han Z, Xia D. (-)-Epicatechin Ameliorates Monosodium Urate-Induced Acute Gouty Arthritis Through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:799552. [PMID: 35462936 PMCID: PMC9019746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.799552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gouty arthritis is a common and complex inflammatory disease that will reduce the life quality of human beings (-)-Epicatechin (EC) is famous for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of EC on gouty arthritis and its mechanisms. Methods and results: EC was added into a monosodium urate (MSU)-stimulated THP-1 cell that was induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in advance to establish a gout model in vitro. The efficiency of EC on acute gouty arthritis mice induced by MSU was further investigated. The results showed that EC concentration-dependently improved the cell viability of LPS and MSU stimulated THP-1 cells, and significantly alleviated MSU-induced ankle edema in mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, EC inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and local cascular congestion in ankle joint tissue. Furthermore, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α) activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway were markedly suppressed by EC in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These results indicated that EC could effectively improve MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, which suggested that EC might be a promising active ingredient for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Wang M, Lin X, Yang X, Yang Y. Research progress on related mechanisms of uric acid activating NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2022; 44:615-624. [PMID: 35382689 PMCID: PMC9004527 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2036620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. High levels of uric acid can lead to a series of pathological conditions, such as gout, urinary stones, inflammation, and uric acid nephropathy. There is a close relationship between uric acid and the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome activation can cause cell damage and even death through endoplasmic reticulum stress, lysosome destruction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the interaction between the Golgi apparatus and extracellular vesicles. In addition, the NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a molecular platform, triggering the activation of caspase-1 and the lysis of IL-1β, IL-18 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) through different molecular mechanisms. Cleaved NT-GSDMD forms pores in the cell membrane and triggers pyrophosphorylation, thereby inducing cell death and releasing many intracellular proinflammatory molecules. In recent years, studies have found that hyperuricemia or uric acid crystals can activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes plays an important role in kidney disease. This article reviews the possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which uric acid activates inflammasomes and induces kidney damage at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yanlang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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12
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ElSayed S, Jay GD, Cabezas R, Qadri M, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Regulates Phagocytic Activation of Monocytes and Reduces IL-1β Secretion by Urate Crystal Stimulated Gout PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:771677. [PMID: 34992596 PMCID: PMC8725049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare phagocytic activities of monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from acute gout patients and normal subjects, examine monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal-induced IL-1β secretion ± recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhPRG4 in MSU stimulated monocytes. Methods Acute gout PBMCs were collected from patients in the Emergency Department and normal PBMCs were obtained from a commercial source. Monocytes in PBMCs were identified by flow cytometry. PBMCs were primed with Pam3CSK4 (1μg/mL) for 24h and phagocytic activation of monocytes was determined using fluorescently labeled latex beads. MSU (200μg/mL) stimulated IL-1β secretion was determined by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in monocytes was determined fluorometrically. PBMCs were incubated with IL-1RA (250ng/mL) or rhPRG4 (200μg/mL) and bead phagocytosis by monocytes was determined. THP-1 monocytes were treated with MSU crystals ± rhPRG4 and cellular levels of NLRP3 protein, pro-IL-1β, secreted IL-1β, and activities of caspase-1 and protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) were quantified. The peritoneal influx of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in Prg4 deficient mice was studied and the impact of rhPRG4 on immune cell trafficking was assessed. Results Enhanced phagocytic activation of gout monocytes under basal conditions (p<0.001) was associated with ROS generation and MSU stimulated IL-1β secretion (p<0.05). rhPRG4 reduced bead phagocytosis by normal and gout monocytes compared to IL-1RA and both treatments were efficacious in reducing IL-1β secretion (p<0.05). rhPRG4 reduced pro-IL-1β content, caspase-1 activity, conversion of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β and restored PP2A activity in monocytes (p<0.05). PP2A inhibition reversed rhPRG4’s effects on pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β in MSU stimulated monocytes. Neutrophils accumulated in peritoneal cavities of Prg4 deficient mice (p<0.01) and rhPRG4 treatment reduced neutrophil accumulation and enhanced anti-inflammatory monocyte influx (p<0.05). Conclusions MSU phagocytosis was higher in gout monocytes resulting in higher ROS and IL-1β secretion. rhPRG4 reduced monocyte phagocytic activation to a greater extent than IL-1RA and reduced IL-1β secretion. The anti-inflammatory activity of rhPRG4 in monocytes is partially mediated by PP2A, and in vivo, PRG4 plays a role in regulating the trafficking of immune cells into the site of a gout flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy ElSayed
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ralph Cabezas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
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13
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Ebrahimi R, Pasalar P, Shokri H, Shabani M, Emamgholipour S. Evidence for the effect of soluble uric acid in augmenting endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:343-353. [PMID: 34985729 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence regarding the association of hyperuricemia with inflammatory disorders. Hence, it has been of particular interest to dissect the exact role of alteration in uric acid (UA) levels in the context of inflammation. Recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway has come into the forefront as a possible mechanism linking hyperuricemia to inflammation. Here, we intended to examine the role of UA in the presence or absence of a second stimulus, LPS, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and analyzed ROS production as well as expression of ER stress markers: GRP78 and CHOP, and inflammatory cytokines.PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll gradient centrifugation from healthy volunteers. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. PBMCs were treated with an increasing concentration of soluble UA (0, 5, 12, and 20 mg/dl) for 20 h, followed by the addition of 100 ng/mL of LPS or vehicle for another 4 h. Real time-PCR was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of GRP78, CHOP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and western blot was used to investigate the protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP. Moreover, ELISA was used to evaluate the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Finally, intracellular ROS production was determined using fluorescent probes (DCFH-DA).High concentrations of UA either alone or combined with LPS increased the protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP. On the other hand, LPS alone increased the protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP. However, there was no significant difference between the mRNA expression of GRP78, CHOP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 when PBMCs were treated with UA. High concentrations of UA augmented LPS-stimulated IL-1β transcript and protein levels as well as TNF-α protein levels in PBMC culture. Moreover, high concentrations of UA along with LPS significantly increased intracellular ROS production.It seems that a high concentration of UA not only induces the protein levels of ER stress markers in PBMCs but also augments the impact of LPS on the levels of pro-inflammatory markers and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Shokri
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Grinstein L, Winkler S. Analysis of Activity and Expression of the NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRC4 Inflammasome in Whole Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2459:105-116. [PMID: 35212959 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2144-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory caspase-1 is a key player in innate immunity. Following activation in heterogenic protein complexes called the inflammasome , caspase-1 processes IL-1β and IL-18 to their mature forms and triggers pyroptosis. Here, we describe a small-volume whole blood assay facilitating the measurement of caspase-1 activity and inflammasome-related gene expression following specific stimulation of either the NLRP3, NLRC4, or AIM2 inflammasome .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Grinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Yuan G, Chen B, Meng Y, Lu J, Shi X, Hu A, Hu Y, Wang D. Role of the CXCR3‑mediated TLRs/MyD88 signaling pathway in promoting the development of hepatitis B into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:738. [PMID: 34435646 PMCID: PMC8404096 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B can lead to liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate whether C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) regulates the genes in Toll‑like receptors (TLRs)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway in the development of hepatitis B into cirrhosis and liver cancer in vitro. A hepatitis B virus (HBV) overexpression lentivirus was constructed and infected into a LX‑2 cell line to obtain stable HBV‑overexpressing cells (named HBV‑LX‑2 cells). The CXCR3 gene was knocked down using small interfering RNA in HBV‑LX‑2 cells. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assays, cell scratch tests and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, respectively. The levels of IL‑1β and IL‑6 in serum samples of patients with liver cancer were measured via ELISA, and the collagen content in liver cancer tissues was detected using Masson staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins in the TLRs/MyD88 signaling pathway. Excessive fibrosis was identified in the liver cancer tissues, and the serum levels of IL‑6 and IL‑1β were abnormally increased in patients with liver cancer. It was found that interfering with CXCR3 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, as well as promoted the apoptosis of HBV‑LX‑2 cells. Moreover, interfering with CXCR3 inhibited the expression levels of collagen type I α 1 chain and the proteins in the TLRs/MyD88 pathway. In conclusion, CXCR3 knockdown could inhibit the expression levels of proteins in the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, decrease cell proliferation and migration, and promote cell apoptosis, thus inhibiting the development of liver cirrhosis to liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- Department of Acute Infection, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Hepatology Center, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yina Meng
- Institute of Hepatology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Lu
- Institute of Hepatology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Hepato-Oncology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Airong Hu
- Institute of Hepatology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Institute of Hepatology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Acute Infection, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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16
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Badii M, Gaal OI, Cleophas MC, Klück V, Davar R, Habibi E, Keating ST, Novakovic B, Helsen MM, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Macartney-Coxson D, Phipps-Green AJ, Stunnenberg HG, Dinarello CA, Merriman TR, Netea MG, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. Urate-induced epigenetic modifications in myeloid cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:202. [PMID: 34321071 PMCID: PMC8317351 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition central to gout pathogenesis. Urate exposure primes human monocytes towards a higher capacity to produce and release IL-1β. In this study, we assessed the epigenetic processes associated to urate-mediated hyper-responsiveness. METHODS Freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or enriched monocytes were pre-treated with solubilized urate and stimulated with LPS with or without monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Cytokine production was determined by ELISA. Histone epigenetic marks were assessed by sequencing immunoprecipitated chromatin. Mice were injected intraarticularly with MSU crystals and palmitate after inhibition of uricase and urate administration in the presence or absence of methylthioadenosine. DNA methylation was assessed by methylation array in whole blood of 76 participants with normouricemia or hyperuricemia. RESULTS High concentrations of urate enhanced the inflammatory response in vitro in human cells and in vivo in mice, and broad-spectrum methylation inhibitors reversed this effect. Assessment of histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) revealed differences in urate-primed monocytes compared to controls. Differentially methylated regions (e.g. HLA-G, IFITM3, PRKAB2) were found in people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia in genes relevant for inflammatory cytokine signaling. CONCLUSION Urate alters the epigenetic landscape in selected human monocytes or whole blood of people with hyperuricemia compared to normouricemia. Both histone modifications and DNA methylation show differences depending on urate exposure. Subject to replication and validation, epigenetic changes in myeloid cells may be a therapeutic target in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O I Gaal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M C Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Davar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Novakovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Helsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D Macartney-Coxson
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A J Phipps-Green
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - T R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - T O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Urate is the end-product of the purine metabolism in humans. The dominant source of urate is endogenous purines and the remainder comes through diet. Approximately two thirds of urate is eliminated via the kidney with the rest excreted in the feces. While the transporter BCRP, encoded by ABCG2, has been found to play a role in both the gut and kidney, SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 encoding URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively, are the two transporters best characterized. Only 8-12% of the filtered urate is excreted by the kidney. Renal elimination of urate depends substantially on specific transporters, including URAT1, GLUT9 and BCRP. Studies that have assessed the biologic effects of urate have produced highly variable results. Although there is a suggestion that urate may have anti-oxidant properties in some circumstances, the majority of evidence indicates that urate is pro-inflammatory. Hyperuricemia can result in the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals that may be recognized as danger signals by the immune system. This immune response results in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and ultimately in the production and release of interleukin-1β, and IL-18, that mediate both inflammation, pyroptotic cell death, and necroinflammation. It has also been demonstrated that soluble urate mediates effects on the kidney to induce hypertension and can induce long term epigenetic reprogramming in myeloid cells to induce "trained immunity." Together, these sequelae of urate are thought to mediate most of the physiological effects of hyperuricemia and gout, illustrating this biologically active molecule is more than just an "end-product" of purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Keenan
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27710, NC, USA.
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18
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Galozzi P, Bindoli S, Luisetto R, Sfriso P, Ramonda R, Scanu A, Oliviero F. Regulation of crystal induced inflammation: current understandings and clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:773-787. [PMID: 34053376 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1937129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accumulation of abnormal crystals in the body, derived from endogenous or exogenous materials can drive a wide spectrum of inflammatory disease states. It is well established that intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophoshate (CPP) crystals contributes to joint destruction through pro-inflammatory processes.Areas covered: This review will focus on current understanding and recent novelty about the mechanisms and the clinical implications of the inflammation induced by MSU and CPP crystals.Expert opinion: Advances in molecular biology reveal that at the base of the inflammatory cascade, stimulated by MSU or CPP crystals, there are many complex cellular mechanisms mainly involving the NLRP3 inflammasome, the hallmark of autoinflammatory syndromes. The extensive studies carried out through in vitro and in vivo models along with a better clinical definition of the disease has led to an optimized use of existing drugs and the introduction of novel therapeutic strategies. In particular, the identification of IL-1 as the most important target in gout and pseudogout has made it possible to expand the pharmacological indications of anti-IL-1 biological drugs, opening new therapeutic perspectives for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Jung JY, Kim JW, Suh CH, Kim HA. Roles of Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptors and Their Endogenous Ligands in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583513. [PMID: 33224145 PMCID: PMC7674197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) are systemic inflammatory disorders that manifest as high-spiking fever, joint pain, evanescent skin rash, and organomegaly. Their pathogenesis is unclear, but inflammation is triggered by activation of the innate immune system with aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines. Along with extrinsic factors, intrinsic pathways can trigger an unexpected immune response. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce the activation of innate immune cells, leading to sterile inflammation in systemic JIA and AOSD. These endogenous proteins interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors, and mediate immune signaling following stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and DAMPs. Several DAMPs, such as S100 proteins, play a role in the development or severity of systemic JIA and AOSD, in which their interactions with TLRs are altered. Also, the expression levels of genes encoding DAMPs contribute to the susceptibility to systemic JIA and AOSD. Herein, we review reports that TLR and DAMP signaling initiates and/or maintains the inflammatory response in systemic JIA and AOSD, and their correlations with the clinical characteristics of those diseases. In addition, we assess their utility as biomarkers or therapeutics for systemic JIA and AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
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20
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Su J, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Guo Z, Wu J, Chen G, Liang Q, Chen Z, He Z, Cai X, Xie M, Zheng L, Zhao K. PD-1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a biomarker for different stages of primary gouty arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9323-9331. [PMID: 32639111 PMCID: PMC7417685 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of biomarkers to assist the diagnosis and prediction of primary gouty arthritis (PG). Therefore, we evaluated the clinical value of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PG. This study included 36 patients with acute phase PG (APPG), 48 with non-acute phase PG (NAPPG), 42 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) and 79 normal controls (NCs). PD-1 mRNA expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR. PD-1 mRNA expression was statistically analysed by ANOVA or t tests, while correlations between PD-1 mRNA and clinical variables were assessed using Pearson correlation tests. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of PD-1 in different PG stages. PD-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients with APPG than that in NAPPG, AH and NCs (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that PD-1 mRNA levels correlated negatively with T-score (r = -0.209, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that serum uric acid (SUA), PD-1 mRNA and both combined displayed higher diagnostic value in patients with PG, NAPPG and APPG compared to that in NCs and patients with non-PG arthritis (NPG). Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed that SUA and PD-1 mRNA had good diagnostic value in APPG, with the greatest diagnostic power when combined. PD-1 mRNA could be a clinical auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for APPG, and the combined use of PD-1 mRNA and SUA is better than that of SUA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- Hai Zhu Qu Jiang Hai Jie Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodi Guo
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- Hai Zhu Qu Jiang Hai Jie Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Hai Zhu Qu Jiang Hai Jie Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianxin Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang He
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Cai
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manlin Xie
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Ma Q, Honarpisheh M, Li C, Sellmayr M, Lindenmeyer M, Böhland C, Romagnani P, Anders HJ, Steiger S. Soluble Uric Acid Is an Intrinsic Negative Regulator of Monocyte Activation in Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Tissue Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:789-800. [PMID: 32561569 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are known to trigger inflammation, published data on soluble uric acid (sUA) in this context are discrepant. We hypothesized that diverse sUA preparation methods account for this discrepancy and that an animal model with clinically relevant levels of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis can ultimately clarify this issue. To test this, we cultured human monocytes with different sUA preparation solutions and found that solubilizing uric acid (UA) by prewarming created erroneous results because of UA microcrystal contaminants triggering IL-1β release. Solubilizing UA with NaOH avoided this artifact, and this microcrystal-free preparation suppressed LPS- or MSU crystal-induced monocyte activation, a process depending on the intracellular uptake of sUA via the urate transporter SLC2A9/GLUT9. CD14+ monocytes isolated from hyperuricemic patients were less responsive to inflammatory stimuli compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Treatment with plasma from hyperuricemic patients impaired the inflammatory function of CD14+ monocytes, an effect fully reversible by removing sUA from hyperuricemic plasma. Moreover, Alb-creERT2;Glut9 lox/lox mice with hyperuricemia (serum UA of 9-11 mg/dl) showed a suppressed inflammatory response to MSU crystals compared with Glut9 lox/lox controls without hyperuricemia. Taken together, we unravel a technical explanation for discrepancies in the published literature on immune effects of sUA and identify hyperuricemia as an intrinsic suppressor of innate immunity, in which sUA modulates the capacity of monocytes to respond to danger signals. Thus, sUA is not only a substrate for the formation of MSU crystals but also an intrinsic inhibitor of MSU crystal-induced tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Chenyu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Markus Sellmayr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Böhland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Maria Serio," University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany;
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22
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Cabău G, Crișan TO, Klück V, Popp RA, Joosten LAB. Urate-induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:92-105. [PMID: 31853991 PMCID: PMC7065123 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a process in which innate immune cells undergo functional reprogramming in response to pathogens or damage-associated molecules leading to an enhanced non-specific immune response to subsequent stimulation. While this capacity to respond more strongly to stimuli is beneficial for host defense, in some circumstances it can lead to maladaptive programming and chronic inflammation. Gout is characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and is associated with an increased number of comorbidities. Hyperuricemia is the main risk factor for gout and is linked to the development of comorbidities. Several experimental studies have shown that urate can mechanistically alter the inflammatory capacity of myeloid cells, while observational studies have indicated an association of hyperuricemia to a wide spectrum of common adult inflammatory diseases. In this review, we argue that hyperuricemia is a main culprit in the development of the long-term systemic inflammation seen in gout. We revisit existing evidence for urate-induced transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that could lead to an altered functional state of circulating monocytes consisting in enhanced responsiveness and maladaptive immune responses. By discussing specific functional adaptations of monocytes and macrophages induced by soluble urate or monosodium urate crystals and their contribution to inflammation in vitro and in vivo, we further enforce that urate is a metabolite that can induce innate immune memory and we discuss future research and possible new therapeutic approaches for gout and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Tania O. Crișan
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Radu A. Popp
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Medical GeneticsIuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Department of Internal MedicineRadboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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23
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Joosten LAB, Crişan TO, Bjornstad P, Johnson RJ. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a silent activator of the innate immune system. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:75-86. [PMID: 31822862 PMCID: PMC7075706 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia affects ~20% of the general population in the USA, with variable rates in other countries. Historically, asymptomatic hyperuricaemia was considered a benign laboratory finding with little clinical importance in the absence of gout or kidney stones. Yet, increasing evidence suggests that asymptomatic hyperuricaemia can predict the development of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and might contribute to disease by stimulating inflammation. Although urate has been classically viewed as an antioxidant with beneficial effects, new data suggest that both crystalline and soluble urate activate various pro-inflammatory pathways. This Review summarizes what is known about the role of urate in the inflammatory response. Further research is needed to define the role of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in these pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Medicine of the University of Colorado School of Medicine of the University Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine of the University of Colorado School of Medicine of the University Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.
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24
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Spel L, Martinon F. Inflammasomes contributing to inflammation in arthritis. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:48-62. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Spel
- Departement of Biochemistry University of Lausanne Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Fabio Martinon
- Departement of Biochemistry University of Lausanne Epalinges Switzerland
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25
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Plasma Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Gout Party on Acute Gout Arthritis Rats Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225753. [PMID: 31731809 PMCID: PMC6888674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout Party is a Chinese medicine prescription composed of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Aconiti Radix Cocta, Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, which can relieve joint pain caused by gouty arthritis (GA) and rheumatoid, and has a therapeutic effect on acute gouty arthritis (AGA). However, little information is available on the molecular biological basis and therapeutic mechanism of Gout Party for the treatment of AGA. AGA model was established by injecting sodium urate, and colchicine served as a positive control drug. We established a metabolomic method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q–TOF/MS) to analyze the plasma samples of model group rats and blank group rats. Multiple statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), were used to examine metabolite profile changes in plasma samples. Finally, we identified 2–ketobutyric acid, 3–hexenedioic acid, but–2–enoic acid, and so on; 22 endogenous metabolites associated with AGA. After successful molding, we found that 2–ketobutyric acid, 3–hexenedioic acid, but–2–enoic acid, argininic acid, galactonic acid, lactic acid, equol 4′–O–glucuronide, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, glycocholic acid, sphinganine 1–phosphate, LPE (0:0/20:3), LPE (0:0/16:0), LPC (15:0) decreased significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), alanine, erythrulose, 3–dehydrocarnitine, m–methylhippuric acid, 3–hydroxyoctanoic acid, p–cresol sulfate, estriol 3–sulfate 16–glucuronide, 10–hydroxy–9–(phosphonooxy)octadecenoate, docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). After Gout Party treatment, 14 biomarkers had a tendency to normal conditions. These above biomarkers were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways. These results suggested that Gout Party exerted therapeutic effects of treating AGA by improving energy metabolism disorder and amino acid metabolism dysfunction, and attenuating fatty acid metabolism abnormal and inflammation. The results of this experiment provided a reference for revealing the metabolic mechanism produced by Gout Party in the treatment of AGA, but the subsequent studies need to be further improved and supported by relevant cell experiments and clinical experiments.
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26
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Polydatin and Resveratrol Inhibit the Inflammatory Process Induced by Urate and Pyrophosphate Crystals in THP-1 Cells. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110560. [PMID: 31703439 PMCID: PMC6915461 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratol (RES) and its natural precursor polydatin (PD) are polyphenols that may display a broad variety of beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the role of RES and PD in the inflammatory process induced by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in vitro. A monocytic cell line (THP-1) was primed for 3 hours with phorbol myristate acetate (100 ng/mL) and stimulated with synthetic MSU (0.05 mg/mL) and CPP (0.025 mg/mL) crystals. RES and PD were added to cultures concurrently with the crystals, or as 2-hour pretreatment. The effect of the two polyphenols was evaluated on intracellular and extracellular IL-1β levels, NACHT-LRRPYD-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and the assessment of crystal phagocytosis. RES and PD strongly inhibited IL-1β induced by crystals after cell pretreatment. Cell pretreatment was effective also in reducing IL-1 mRNA expression while no effect was observed on NLRP3 gene expression. RES and PD had no effect on crystal phagocytosis when used as pretreatment. Both polyphenols were significantly effective in inhibiting ROS and NO production. Our results demonstrated that RES and PD are effective in inhibiting crystal-induced inflammation. Data obtained after cell pretreatment allow us to hypothesize that these polyphenols act on specific signaling pathways, preventing inflammation.
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27
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Pascart T, Lioté F. Gout: state of the art after a decade of developments. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:27-44. [PMID: 29547895 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes the relevant English literature on gout from 2010 through April 2017. It emphasizes that the current epidemiology of gout indicates a rising prevalence worldwide, not only in Western countries but also in Southeast Asia, in close relationship with the obesity and metabolic syndrome epidemics. New pathogenic mechanisms of chronic hyperuricaemia focus on the gut (microbiota, ABCG2 expression) after the kidney. Cardiovascular and renal comorbidities are the key points to consider in terms of management. New imaging tools are available, including US with key features and dual-energy CT rendering it able to reveal deposits of urate crystals. These deposits are now included in new diagnostic and classification criteria. Overall, half of the patients with gout are readily treated with allopurinol, the recommended xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), with prophylaxis for flares with low-dose daily colchicine. The main management issues are related to patient adherence, because gout patients have the lowest rate of medication possession ratio at 1 year, but they also include clinical inertia by physicians, meaning XOI dosage is not titrated according to regular serum uric acid level measurements for targeting serum uric acid levels for uncomplicated (6.0 mg/dl) and complicated gout, or the British Society for Rheumatology recommended target (5.0 mg/dl). Difficult-to-treat gout encompasses polyarticular flares, and mostly patients with comorbidities, renal or heart failure, leading to contraindications or side effects of standard-of-care drugs (colchicine, NSAIDs, oral steroids) for flares; and tophaceous and/or destructive arthropathies, leading to switching between XOIs (febuxostat) or to combining XOI and uricosurics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Pascart
- EA 4490, Lille University, Lille, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Saint-Philibert, Lomme, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- UFR de Médecine, University of Paris Diderot, USPC, France.,INSERM, UMR 1132 Bioscar (Centre Viggo Petersen), France.,Service de Rhumatologie (Centre Viggo Petersen), Pôle Appareil Locomoteur, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Paris, France
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28
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Abstract
Gout is a chronic disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition. Gout typically presents as an acute, self-limiting inflammatory monoarthritis that affects the joints of the lower limb. Elevated serum urate level (hyperuricaemia) is the major risk factor for MSU crystal deposition and development of gout. Although traditionally considered a disorder of purine metabolism, altered urate transport, both in the gut and the kidneys, has a key role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricaemia. Anti-inflammatory agents, such corticosteroids, NSAIDs and colchicine, are widely used for the treatment of gout flare; recognition of the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and bioactive IL-1β release in initiation of the gout flare has led to the development of anti-IL-1β biological therapy for gout flares. Sustained reduction in serum urate levels using urate-lowering therapy is vital in the long-term management of gout, which aims to dissolve MSU crystals, suppress gout flares and resolve tophi. Allopurinol is the first-line urate-lowering therapy and should be started at a low dose, with gradual dose escalation. Low-dose anti-inflammatory therapies can reduce gout flares during initiation of urate-lowering therapy. Models of care, such as nurse-led strategies that focus on patient engagement and education, substantially improve clinical outcomes and now represent best practice for gout management.
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29
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Ren H, Chen W, Wang H, Kang Y, Zhu X, Li J, Wu T, Du Y. Quantitative analysis of free fatty acids in gout by disposable paper-array plate based MALDI MS. Anal Biochem 2019; 579:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Shin JI, Lee KH, Joo YH, Lee JM, Jeon J, Jung HJ, Shin M, Cho S, Kim TH, Park S, Jeon BY, Jeong H, Lee K, Kang K, Oh M, Lee H, Lee S, Kwon Y, Oh GH, Kronbichler A. Inflammasomes and autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2019; 103:102299. [PMID: 31326231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a multi-protein platform forming a part of the innate immune system. Inflammasomes are at standby status and can be activated when needed. Inflammasome activation is an important mechanism for the production of active interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which have important roles to instruct adaptive immunity. Active forms of inflammasomes trigger a series of inflammatory cascades and lead to the differentiation and polarization of naïve T cells and secretion of various cytokines, which can induce various kinds of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, Sjögren's syndrome, Behçet's disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and IgA vasculitis (former Henoch-Schönlein purpura ). In this review, we summarize studies published on inflammasomes and review their roles in various autoimmune diseases. Understanding of the role of inflammasomes may facilitate the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and the development of tailored therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Joo
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwon M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaewook Jeon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jae Jung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyue Shin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seobum Cho
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghyuk Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Yeol Jeon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jeong
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kangto Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyutae Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myungsuk Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hansang Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungchul Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeji Kwon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geun Ho Oh
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies for NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Neurological, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122876. [PMID: 31200447 PMCID: PMC6627634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point out the relevance of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a pivotal player in the pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric diseases (i.e., Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and major depressive disorder), metabolic disorders (i.e., obesity and type 2 diabetes) and chronic inflammatory diseases (i.e., intestinal inflammation, arthritis, and gout). Intensive research efforts are being made to achieve an integrated view about the pathophysiological role of NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in such disorders. Evidence is also emerging that the pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by phytochemicals could represent a promising molecular target for the therapeutic management of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. The present review article has been intended to provide an integrated and critical overview of the available clinical and experimental evidence about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, including PD, AD, MS, depression, obesity, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and intestinal inflammation. Special attention has been paid to highlight and critically discuss current scientific evidence on the effects of phytochemicals on NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and their potential in counteracting central neuroinflammation, metabolic alterations, and immune/inflammatory responses in such diseases.
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32
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Alberts BM, Barber JS, Sacre SM, Davies KA, Ghezzi P, Mullen LM. Precipitation of Soluble Uric Acid Is Necessary for In Vitro Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Primary Human Monocytes. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1141-1150. [PMID: 30824640 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of soluble uric acid (UA) on expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human monocytes to elucidate the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of gout. METHODS Primary human monocytes and the THP-1 human monocyte cell line were used to determine the effects of short- and longterm exposure to UA on activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion by ELISA and cell-based assays. Expression of key NLRP3 components in monocytes from patients with a history of gout were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Precipitation of UA was required for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of IL-1β in human monocytes. Neither monosodium urate (MSU) crystals nor soluble UA had any effect on activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB. Prolonged exposure of monocytes to soluble UA did not alter these responses. However, both MSU crystals and soluble UA did result in a 2-fold increase in reactive oxygen species. Patients with gout (n = 15) had significantly elevated serum UA concentrations compared to healthy individuals (n = 16), yet secretion of IL-1β and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in monocytes isolated from these patients were not different from those of healthy controls. CONCLUSION Despite reports indicating that soluble UA can prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, precipitation of soluble UA into MSU crystals is essential for in vitro NLRP3 signaling in primary human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Alberts
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - James S Barber
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Sandra M Sacre
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Kevin A Davies
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Lisa M Mullen
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. .,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex.
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Vazirpanah N, Ottria A, van der Linden M, Wichers CGK, Schuiveling M, van Lochem E, Phipps-Green A, Merriman T, Zimmermann M, Jansen M, Radstake TRDJ, Broen JCA. mTOR inhibition by metformin impacts monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation and cell death in gout: a prelude to a new add-on therapy? Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:663-671. [PMID: 30814053 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide, and patients experience a heavy burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The inflammation is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in tissues, especially in the joints, triggering immune cells to mount an inflammatory reaction. Recently, it was shown that MSU crystals can induce mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling in monocytes encountering these crystals in vitro. The mTOR pathway is strongly implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic disease. We hypothesised that inhibiting this pathway in gout might be a novel avenue of treatment in these patients, targeting both inflammation and comorbidities. METHODS We used a translational approach starting from ex vivo to in vitro and back to in vivo. RESULTS We show that ex vivo immune cells from patients with gout exhibit higher expression of the mTOR pathway, which we can mimic in vitro by stimulating healthy immune cells (B lymphocytes, monocytes, T lymphocytes) with MSU crystals. Monocytes are the most prominent mTOR expressers. By using live imaging, we demonstrate that monocytes, on encountering MSU crystals, initiate cell death and release a wide array of proinflammatory cytokines. By inhibiting mTOR signalling with metformin or rapamycin, a reduction of cell death and release of inflammatory mediators was observed. Consistent with this, we show that patients with gout who are treated with the mTOR inhibitor metformin have a lower frequency of gout attacks. CONCLUSIONS We propose mTOR inhibition as a novel therapeutic target of interest in gout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vazirpanah
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ottria
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Linden
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G K Wichers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Schuiveling
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Lochem
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tony Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maili Zimmermann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Jansen
- Department of Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrech, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper C A Broen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrech, The Netherlands
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Ben-David H, Livneh A, Lidar M, Feld O, Haj Yahia S, Grossman C, Ben-Zvi I. Toll-like receptor 2 is overexpressed in Familial Mediterranean fever patients and is inhibited by colchicine treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 32:651-661. [PMID: 31203923 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) inflammatory process. METHODS TLR2 expression on monocytes of FMF attack-free patients (n = 20) and the effect of sera of FMF patients with an acute attack (n = 9) on TLR2 expression on monocytes of healthy donors were studied by flow cytometry (FACS). TLR2 expression was also studied in THP-1 cells, and TLR2 downstream signaling was studied by ELISA for the secretion of IL-1β and pro-inflammatory cytokines or by western blotting to measure nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS FMF attack-free patients had increased CD14 + TLR2+ cell count as compared to healthy donors. High-dose colchicine treatment (≥2 mg/d) inhibited this increased expression in FMF patients. Colchicine in vitro also inhibited TLR2 expression on THP-1 cells. Sera from FMF patients with an acute attack induced TLR2 expression by both monocytes of healthy donors and THP-1 cells as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by healthy monocytes, while colchicine inhibited this induction. Pam2CSK4 increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors, and this activation was inhibited by colchicine. THP-1 cells presented elevated NF-κB expression when cultured with Pam2CSK4, whereas colchicine inhibited this elevation. CONCLUSIONS TLR2 activation was upregulated in monocytes of FMF patients, and colchicine inhibited this upregulation both in -vitro and in -vivo. This indicates that elevated expression of TLR2 promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hava Ben-David
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avi Livneh
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Lidar
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Feld
- Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Souad Haj Yahia
- Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Chagai Grossman
- Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Ben-Zvi
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040432. [PMID: 29601492 PMCID: PMC5946217 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome differs from the classical inflammatory response in certain respects. This inflammatory process manifests itself systemically and it is characterized by a chronic low-intensity reaction. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is acknowledged as one of the main triggers of the obesity-induced inflammatory response. The aim of the present review is to describe the role that is played by the TLR4 signaling pathway in the inflammatory response and its modulation by saturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate that saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through the attenuation of the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway by either lipopolysaccharides or saturated fatty acids.
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Monosodium urate crystals induced ICAM-1 expression and cell-cell adhesion in renal mesangial cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of gouty nephropathy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 53:23-32. [PMID: 29657028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal disease is prevalent in gouty patients and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in the kidney can be detected in some gouty nephropathy patients. MSU crystals can induce inflammatory events, we investigated the MSU-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and the involved signal transduction mechanisms. METHODS The HRMCs cell line was purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories. MSU crystals were made by dissolving uric acid in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The involvement of MAPKs, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain (ASC), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) was investigated using pharmacological inhibitors, transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or monoclonal antibodies. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. The functional activity of ICAM-1 was evaluated with cell-cell adhesion assay and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS MSU stimulation increased expression of ICAM-1 and adhesion between HRMCs and human monocytic THP-1 cells. The interaction between HRMCs and THP-1 was suppressed by ICAM-1 neutralizing antibodies. MSU stimulation induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but only p38 was responsible for MSU-induced expression of ICAM-1 and cell-cell adhesion. ASC also play a role in MSU-induced effects. Pretreatment with monoclonal antibodies against toll-like receptor (TLR)2 or TLR4 reduced MSU-induced ICAM-1 expression, cell-cell adhesion, p38 phosphorylation but the reduction of ASC activation is insignificant. CONCLUSION The MSU induced ICAM-1 expression on HRMCs and cell-cell adhesion involved TLR2/4-p38-ICAM1 pathway and TLR2/4 independent ASC-p38-ICAM1 axis. These findings might partly explain the mechanisms underlying gouty nephropathy.
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Grinstein L, Endter K, Hedrich CM, Reinke S, Luksch H, Schulze F, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S. An optimized whole blood assay measuring expression and activity of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Clin Immunol 2017; 191:100-109. [PMID: 29183866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory protease caspase-1 plays pivotal roles in central pathways of innate immunity, thereby contributing to pathogen clearance. Beside its physiological role, dysregulated activity of caspase-1 is known to contribute to an increasing number of diseases. In this study, we optimized and validated a low-volume human whole blood assay facilitating the measurement of caspase-1 activation and inflammasome-related gene expression upon stimulation of the NLRP3, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Using the NLRP3 inflammasome specific inhibitor MCC950, we were able to measure the activity of canonical or alternative NLRP3 pathways, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in whole blood. Based on our data we assume a superposition of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activities in human whole blood following stimulation with S. typhimurium. The optimized whole blood assay may be suitable for diagnostic and research purposes for pediatric patients who can only donate small amounts of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Grinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Endter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sören Reinke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Wu R, He Y, Su Q, Shi G. MicroRNA-488 and -920 regulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:203. [PMID: 28915828 PMCID: PMC5602958 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gout is considered one of the most painful acute conditions caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within joints. Recent studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-1β is a key inflammatory mediator in acute gouty arthritis (GA), and its level is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the molecular mechanisms of the regulation remain unclear. Methods A miRNA microarray was used to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) of patients with GA. THP-1 cells were transfected with miRNA mimics, stimulated by MSU crystals, and then subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis. Levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in culture supernatants of THP-1 cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the interaction of miRNA and IL-1β 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs). Results Combining bioinformatics and miRNA expression profiles, we found five miRNAs (hsa-miR-30c-1-3p, hsa-miR-488-3p, hsa-miR-550a-3p, hsa-miR-663a, and hsa-miR-920) that possibly target IL-1β. Then, we demonstrated that miR-488 and miR-920 were significantly decreased in the WBCs of patients with GA and that MSU crystals could inhibit expression of miR-488 and miR-920. Upregulation of miR-488 and miR-920 could suppress MSU-induced IL-1β protein expression in THP-1 cells, but no significant difference in IL-1β messenger RNA levels was observed. Moreover, we found that miR-488 and miR-920 could directly target the 3′-UTR of IL-1β. Overexpression of miR-488 and miR-920 could significantly inhibit the gene and protein expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in MSU-induced THP-1 cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates the roles of miR-488 and miR-920 in regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of GA. These findings suggest that miR-488 and miR-920 could serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of GA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1418-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Rongfeng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Qun Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Guixiu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Lazaridis LD, Pistiki A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Georgitsi M, Damoraki G, Polymeros D, Dimitriadis GD, Triantafyllou K. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Differences Between Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2348-2356. [PMID: 28523573 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimolecular cytosol complex that, when activated, contributes to the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β to IL-1β. AIMS To investigate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and controls were stimulated with LPS in the absence or presence of MSU. After incubation, concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα were measured in cell supernatants and concentration of pro-IL-1β was measured in cell lysates. NLRP3 activation was defined as more than 30% increase in IL-1β production after MSU addition. In separate experiments, PBMCs were lysed for RNA isolation transcripts of IL-1β, TNFα, NLRP3, and CASP1 were measured by RT-PCR. DNA was isolated from CD patients for ATG16L1 gene genotyping. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in 60% of CD patients compared to 28.6% of controls (p = 0.042); no significant difference was detected between UC and controls. Among UC patients, NLRP3 activation was associated (p = 0.008) with long-standing disease (>1.5 years). IL-1β levels were significantly higher in CD patents in comparison with controls (p = 0.032). No difference was detected in the levels of IL-6, TNFα, pro-IL-1β and in the numbers IL-1β, TNFα, NLRP3, and CASP1 transcripts among groups. IL-1β production was similar between carriers of wild-type and of SNP alleles of the rs2241880. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in CD patients and in UC patients with long-standing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros-Dimitrios Lazaridis
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Georgitsi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Damoraki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Polymeros
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Dimitriadis
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, 1, Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
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Uric acid priming in human monocytes is driven by the AKT-PRAS40 autophagy pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5485-5490. [PMID: 28484006 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620910114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic triggers are important inducers of the inflammatory processes in gout. Whereas the high serum urate levels observed in patients with gout predispose them to the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, soluble urate also primes for inflammatory signals in cells responding to gout-related stimuli, but also in other common metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which uric acid selectively lowers human blood monocyte production of the natural inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and shifts production toward the highly inflammatory IL-1β. Monocytes from healthy volunteers were first primed with uric acid for 24 h and then subjected to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of MSU. Transcriptomic analysis revealed broad inflammatory pathways associated with uric acid priming, with NF-κB and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling strongly increased. Functional validation did not identify NF-κB or AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, but uric acid priming induced phosphorylation of AKT and proline-rich AKT substrate 40 kDa (PRAS 40), which in turn activated mTOR. Subsequently, Western blot for the autophagic structure LC3-I and LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) fractions, as well as fluorescence microscopy of LC3-GFP-overexpressing HeLa cells, revealed lower autophagic activity in cells exposed to uric acid compared with control conditions. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species production was diminished by uric acid priming. Thus, the Akt-PRAS40 pathway is activated by uric acid, which inhibits autophagy and recapitulates the uric acid-induced proinflammatory cytokine phenotype.
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Spaetgens B, de Vries F, Driessen JHM, Leufkens HG, Souverein PC, Boonen A, van der Meer JWM, Joosten LAB. Risk of infections in patients with gout: a population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1429. [PMID: 28469154 PMCID: PMC5431148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the risk of various types of infections (pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI)), and infection-related mortality in patients with gout compared with population-based controls. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). All patients with a first diagnosis of gout and aged >40 years between January 1987-July 2014, were included and matched with up to two controls. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of infections and mortality. 131,565 patients and 252,763 controls (mean age: 64 years, 74% males, mean follow-up of 6.7 years) were included in the full cohort. After full statistical adjustment, the risk of pneumonia was increased (adj. HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.36), while the risk of UTI (adj. HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.01) was similar in patients compared to controls. No differences between patients and controls were observed for infection-related mortality due to pneumonia (adj. HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14) or UTI (adj. HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.37). In conclusion, patients with gout did not have decreased risks of pneumonia, UTI or infection-related mortality compared to population-based controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Spaetgens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal medicine and Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F de Vries
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - J H M Driessen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H G Leufkens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P C Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Boonen
- Department of Internal medicine and Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Peng S, Li C, Wang X, Liu X, Han C, Jin T, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhang H, He X, Xie X, Yu X, Wang C, Shan L, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Increased Toll-Like Receptors Activity and TLR Ligands in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:578. [PMID: 28018345 PMCID: PMC5145898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an organ-specific disorder due to the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed abundantly on monocytes. There is a paucity of data on TLR expression in AITD. The aim of this study was to examine TLR expression, activation, ligands, and downstream signaling adaptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from untreated AITD patients and healthy controls. METHOD We isolated PBMC of 30 healthy controls, 36 patients with untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 30 patients with newly onset Graves' disease. TLR mRNA, protein expression, TLR ligands, and TLR adaptor molecules were measured using real-time PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC was simulated with TLR agonists. The effects of TLR agonists on the viability of human PBMC were evaluated using the MTT assay. The supernatants of cell cultures were measured for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 by ELISA. RESULTS TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 mRNA were significantly increased in AITD patients compared with controls. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and RAGE expression on monocytes was higher in patients than control at baseline and TLR agonists' stimulation. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly increased in PBMCs from AITD patients with TLR agonists, while IL-10 was significantly decreased. Downstream targets of TLR, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and myeloid toll/IL-1 receptor-domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β were significantly elevated in AITD patients. Levels of TLR2 ligands, HMGB1, and heat shock protein 60 were significantly elevated in AITD patients compared with those in controls and positively correlated with TgAb and TPOAb, while sRAGE concentration was significantly decreased in AITD patients. CONCLUSION This work is the first to show that TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 expression and activation are elevated in the PBMCs of patients with AITD and TLRs may participate in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Emergency, People’s Liberation Army No.202 Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kousathana F, Georgitsi M, Lambadiari V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Dimitriadis G, Mouktaroudi M. Defective production of interleukin-1 beta in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Restoration by proper glycemic control. Cytokine 2016; 90:177-184. [PMID: 27918955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The underlying immune defect of susceptibility in diabetes mellitus type 2 to infections remains unknown. The qualitative changes in cytokine biosynthesis by circulating mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its modulation by glycemic control were investigated. PBMCs were isolated from 39 patients and 25 controls. They were stimulated with purified ligands and heat-killed bacteria in the absence/presence of glucose and NLPR3 inflammasome ligands. Experiments were repeated after 3 and 6months. Cytokine production was measured in cell supernatants; pro-interleukin(IL)-1 β was measured in cell lysates. Gene expression of IL-1β and activity of caspase-1 were measured as well. Adequate release of interleukin (IL)-1β was found in 42.9% of patients compared to 90% of controls (p: 0.0001). This was related with down-regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome since gene expression of IL-1β remained unaltered whereas both the ratio of IL-1β to the intracellular pro-IL-1β and the activity of caspase-1 was lower in patients than controls. Addition of glucose did not modify defective IL-1β production. IL-6 production was increased after stimulation with Pam3Cys, phytohemagglutinin and C. albicans. After proper glycemic control, release of IL-1β was increased and of IL-6 decreased; cells of patients with improved glycemic control responded better to LPS stimulation under increased concentrations of glucose. It is concluded that diabetes type 2 is characterized by defective production of IL-1β from circulating monocytes due to impaired activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased production of the anti-inflammatory IL-6. Defects are restored with proper glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Kousathana
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Marianna Georgitsi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | | | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Maria Mouktaroudi
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Malgorzata-Miller G, Heinbockel L, Brandenburg K, van der Meer JWM, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structure and characteristics of a potent TLR4 antagonist for in-vitro and in-vivo applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34221. [PMID: 27670746 PMCID: PMC5037446 DOI: 10.1038/srep34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptor TLR4 is well known as a crucial receptor during infection and inflammation. Several TLR4 antagonists have been reported to inhibit the function of TLR4. Both natural occurring antagonists, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria as well as synthetic compounds based on the lipid A structure of LPS have been described as potent inhibitors of TLR4. Here, we have examined the characteristics of a natural TLR4 antagonist, isolated from Bartonella quintana bacterium by elucidating its chemical primary structure. We have found that this TLR4 antagonist is actually a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) instead of a LPS, and that it acts very effective, with a high inhibitory activity against triggering by the LPS-TLR4 system in the presence of a potent TLR4 agonist (E. coli LPS). Furthermore, we demonstrate that B. quintana LPS is not inactivated by polymyxin B, a classical cyclic cationic polypeptide antibiotic that bind the lipid A part of LPS, such as E. coli LPS. Using a murine LPS/D-galactosamine endotoxaemia model we showed that treatment with B. quintana LPS could improve the survival rate significantly. Since endogenous TLR4 ligands have been associated with several inflammatory- and immune-diseases, B. quintana LPS might be a novel therapeutic strategy for TLR4-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Malgorzata-Miller
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500HB, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Rosenbaum JT, Asquith MJ. The Microbiome: a Revolution in Treatment for Rheumatic Diseases? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18:62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lavric M, Miranda-García MA, Holzinger D, Foell D, Wittkowski H. Alarmins firing arthritis: Helpful diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic targets. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:401-410. [PMID: 27659403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous molecules with homeostatic roles that have reached the focus of research in inflammatory arthritis in the last two decades, mostly due to their ability to indicate tissue related damage after active or passive release from injured cells. From HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 proteins, over heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and purine metabolites (e.g. uric acid, ATP) to altered matrix proteins and interleukin-33 (IL-33), a number of alarmins have been determined until now as having a role in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as well as spondyloarthritis and gout. Although formerly being linked to initiation and chronification of inflammatory arthritis, driving auto- and paracrine inflammatory loops, more recent research has also unraveled the alarmins' role in the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity and in resolution of inflammation. Providing a state-of-the-art overview of known alarmins, this review lists the known modes of action and pathologic contribution of alarmins to inflammatory arthritis, as well as biomarker potential of alarmins in the clinical setting for tracking disease severity. Based upon research on animal experimental models (CIA, AIA) and clinical trials, a look is made into potentially viable strategies for modifying alarmin secretion and their target receptor (e.g. TLR, RAGE) interaction with the purpose of attenuating arthritic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Lavric
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Crișan TO, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Innate immune memory: Implications for host responses to damage-associated molecular patterns. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:817-28. [PMID: 26970440 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system build immunological memory via epigenetic reprogramming after stimulations with microbial ligands. This functional readjustment allows for enhanced nonspecific inflammatory responses upon secondary challenges, a process termed "trained immunity." The epigenomic blueprint of trained monocytes has been recently reported, which revealed several important immunologic and metabolic mechanisms that underlie these changes. Interestingly, similar long-term reprogramming of cytokine production has also been described to be induced by endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we present an overview of the novel data showing that endogenous alarm signals associated with tissue damage and sterile inflammation can induce trained immunity through epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programs. We describe new and old evidence of persistent effects of DAMPs in driving inflammation and enforce the concept that the influence of tissue-derived signals is critical in adjusting the magnitude and type of immune response built by the host. The better characterization of trained immunity for the persistence of inflammation induced by DAMPs would provide new possibilities for intervention in aging and autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania O Crișan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cavalcanti NG, Marques CDL, Lins E Lins TU, Pereira MC, Rêgo MJBDM, Duarte ALBP, Pitta IDR, Pitta MGDR. Cytokine Profile in Gout: Inflammation Driven by IL-6 and IL-18? Immunol Invest 2016; 45:383-95. [PMID: 27219123 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2016.1153651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gout is considered to be an autoinflammatory disease and the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals stimulates activation of NPRL3 inflammasome and subsequently caspase-1, generating production of active IL-1β and IL-18. However, the association between serum cytokines levels and clinical manifestations of the disease is not yet well understood. We evaluated the serum profile of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) and described their relationship with clinical and laboratory data. METHODOLOGY Thirty-nine male patients with gout (GG) were assessed for clinical and laboratory variables and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. For the purposes of comparison, 34 males with no previous history of arthritis were also included in the study (CG). RESULTS Seventeen participants (43%) exhibited active arthritis on evaluation. Levels of IL-18 were significantly higher in patients in relation to the CG (p = 0.0013). No statistically significant differences were found between the GG and CG for the other measured cytokines. There was a moderate correlation between IL-18 and ESR (R = 0.43, p = 0.0073), CRP (R = 0.47, p = 0.0025), and serum levels of IL-6 (R = 0.36, p = 0.023). An association was observed between serum levels of IL-6 and the presence of tophi (p = 0.005) and deformities (p = 0.0008), as well as a correlation between this cytokine and ESR (R = 0.41, p = 0.011) and CRP (R = 0.48, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS IL-18 is associated with inflammatory activity in gout, as well as with IL-6 levels, while IL-6 is associated with clinical and laboratory activity, the presence of tophi and articular deformities, and may be a prognostic marker of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Gualberto Cavalcanti
- a Rheumatology Department , Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) , Recife , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Diniz Lopes Marques
- a Rheumatology Department , Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) , Recife , Brazil
| | - Thiago Ubiratan Lins E Lins
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | | | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Suely Galdino (NUPIT-SG), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
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Huang Y, Ma H, Wei S, Luo G, Sun R, Fan Z, Wu L, Yang W, Fu L, Wang J, Han D, Lu J. Analysis of the complementarity determining regions β-chain genomic rearrangement using high-throughput sequencing in periphery cytotoxic T lymphocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:762-8. [PMID: 27221081 PMCID: PMC4918521 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important for the recognition of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), mediating immunoprotective mechanisms and determining the clinical outcome following HBV infection. CTLs recognize the invading virus via the T cell receptor (TCR). The aim of the current study was to investigate the variability of TCR in lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis B and whether TCR genomic recombination is regulated by the current treatment strategies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B and high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression diversity of β chain complementarity determining region. High-throughput sequencing produced ~380,000 reads. The sequences of V and J family mRNAs of the β chain V area were analyzed and databases were created for all 30 V family and J family genes. Using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, 15 genes were identified to be upregulated in the samples following treatment. Among them, the expression of T cell receptor β variable 28 (TRBV28)_T cell receptor β joining 1–5 (TRBJ1.5) and TRBV6_TRBJ2.10 were significantly different in the treated samples compared with samples taken prior to treatment. Genomic recombination patterns of TRBV and TRBJ of the β chain V area were observed to be different in the samples following treatment. The data of the current study demonstrated that the genomic rearrangement of the V and J segments of TCR β chain V area may be associated with the chronic progression of HBV and impact on treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Shutang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Dazheng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Toll-like receptors and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases: new developments. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:344-57. [PMID: 27170508 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, new developments have been reported on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases. The inhibitory function of TLR10 has been demonstrated. Receptors that enhance the function of TLRs, and several TLR inhibitors, have been identified. In addition, the role of the microbiome and TLRs in the onset of rheumatic diseases has been reported. We review novel insights on the role of TLRs in several inflammatory joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout and Lyme arthritis, with a focus on the signalling mechanisms mediated by the Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, the exogenous and endogenous ligands of TLRs, and the current and future therapeutic strategies to target TLR signalling in rheumatic diseases.
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