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Zheng Y, Zhao J, Zhou M, Wei K, Jiang P, Xu L, Chang C, Shan Y, Xu L, Shi Y, Schrodi SJ, Guo S, He D. Role of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family of receptors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: insights and application. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1306584. [PMID: 38027031 PMCID: PMC10657885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1306584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and joint damage. The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAMF) family of receptors are expressed on various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and can regulate both immune cell activation and cytokine production. Altered expression of certain SLAMF receptors contributes to aberrant immune responses in RA. In RA, SLAMF1 is upregulated on T cells and may promote inflammation by participating in immune cell-mediated responses. SLAMF2 and SLAMF4 are involved in regulating monocyte tumor necrosis factor production and promoting inflammation. SLAMF7 activates multiple inflammatory pathways in macrophages to drive inflammatory gene expression. SLAMF8 inhibition can reduce inflammation in RA by blocking ERK/MMPs signaling. Of note, there are differences in SLAMF receptor (SFR) expression between normal and arthritic joint tissues, suggesting a role as potential diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent advances on the roles of SLAMF receptors 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8 in RA pathogenesis. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of SLAMF regulation of immune cells in RA. Understanding interactions between SLAMF receptors and immune cells will help identify selective strategies for targeting SLAMF signaling without compromising normal immunity. Overall, the SLAMF gene family holds promise as a target for precision medicine in RA, but additional investigation of the underlying immunological mechanisms is needed. Targeting SLAMF receptors presents opportunities for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to dampen damaging immune-mediated inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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2
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Boyles JS, Sadowski D, Potter S, Vukojicic A, Parker J, Chang WY, Ma YL, Chambers MG, Nelson J, Barmettler B, Smith EM, Kersjes K, Himes ER, Lin C, Lucchesi J, Brahmbhatt J, Sina R, Martin JA, Maestri E, Wiethoff CM, Dyas GL, Linnik MD, Na S, Witcher DR, Budelsky A, Rubtsova K. A nondepleting anti-CD19 antibody impairs B cell function and inhibits autoimmune diseases. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166137. [PMID: 37427592 PMCID: PMC10371335 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells contribute to multiple aspects of autoimmune disorders, and B cell-targeting therapies, including B cell depletion, have been proven to be efficacious in treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the development of novel therapies targeting B cells with higher efficacy and a nondepleting mechanism of action is highly desirable. Here we describe a nondepleting, high-affinity anti-human CD19 antibody LY3541860 that exhibits potent B cell inhibitory activities. LY3541860 inhibits B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation of primary human B cells with high potency. LY3541860 also inhibits human B cell activities in vivo in humanized mice. Similarly, our potent anti-mCD19 antibody also demonstrates improved efficacy over CD20 B cell depletion therapy in multiple B cell-dependent autoimmune disease models. Our data indicate that anti-CD19 antibody is a highly potent B cell inhibitor that may have potential to demonstrate improved efficacy over currently available B cell-targeting therapies in treatment of autoimmune conditions without causing B cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Boyles
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dorota Sadowski
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott Potter
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vukojicic
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Parker
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - William Y. Chang
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yanfei L. Ma
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark G. Chambers
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James Nelson
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbra Barmettler
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric M. Smith
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kara Kersjes
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Evan R. Himes
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaohua Lin
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan Lucchesi
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaladhi Brahmbhatt
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ramtin Sina
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Martin
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Evan Maestri
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christopher M. Wiethoff
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gregory L. Dyas
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew D. Linnik
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Songqing Na
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Derrick R. Witcher
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alison Budelsky
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kira Rubtsova
- Immunology Discovery, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Li M, Lao J, Tang H, Ming S, Wu M, Gong S, Li L, Liu L, Huang X. SLAMF7 regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:150224. [PMID: 36749634 PMCID: PMC10014109 DOI: 10.1172/jci150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation occurred in sepsis results in multiple organ injuries and shock, which contributes to the death of patients with sepsis. However, the regulatory mechanisms that restrict excessive inflammation are still elusive. Here, we identified an Ig-like receptor called signaling lymphocyte activation molecular family 7 (SLAMF7) as a key suppressor of inflammation during sepsis. We found that the expression of SLAMF7 on monocytes/macrophages was significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and in septic mice. SLAMF7 attenuated TLR-dependent MAPK and NF-κB signaling activation in macrophages by cooperating with Src homology 2-containing inositol-5'‑phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). Furthermore, SLAMF7 interacted with SHIP1 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to inhibit K63 ubiquitination of TRAF6. In addition, we found that tyrosine phosphorylation sites within the intracellular domain of SLAMF7 and the phosphatase domain of SHIP1 were indispensable for the interaction between SLAMF7, SHIP1, and TRAF6 and SLAMF7-mediated modulation of cytokine production. Finally, we demonstrated that SLAMF7 protected against lethal sepsis and endotoxemia by downregulating macrophage proinflammatory cytokines and suppressing inflammation-induced organ damage. Taken together, our findings reveal a negative regulatory role of SLAMF7 in polymicrobial sepsis, thus providing sights into the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaohua Wang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miao Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juanfeng Lao
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huishu Tang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Ming
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linhai Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, China
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4
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Simmons DP, Nguyen HN, Gomez-Rivas E, Jeong Y, Jonsson AH, Chen AF, Lange JK, Dyer GS, Blazar P, Earp BE, Coblyn JS, Massarotti EM, Sparks JA, Todd DJ, Rao DA, Kim EY, Brenner MB. SLAMF7 engagement superactivates macrophages in acute and chronic inflammation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf2846. [PMID: 35148199 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages regulate protective immune responses to infectious microbes, but aberrant macrophage activation frequently drives pathological inflammation. To identify regulators of vigorous macrophage activation, we analyzed RNA-seq data from synovial macrophages and identified SLAMF7 as a receptor associated with a superactivated macrophage state in rheumatoid arthritis. We implicated IFN-γ as a key regulator of SLAMF7 expression and engaging SLAMF7 drove a strong wave of inflammatory cytokine expression. Induction of TNF-α after SLAMF7 engagement amplified inflammation through an autocrine signaling loop. We observed SLAMF7-induced gene programs not only in macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients but also in gut macrophages from patients with active Crohn's disease and in lung macrophages from patients with severe COVID-19. This suggests a central role for SLAMF7 in macrophage superactivation with broad implications in human disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimon P Simmons
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hung N Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Gomez-Rivas
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunju Jeong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Lange
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George S Dyer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Blazar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon E Earp
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Coblyn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena M Massarotti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derrick J Todd
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Deepak A Rao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Wang J, Yang J, Kopeček J. Nanomedicines in B cell-targeting therapies. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:1-19. [PMID: 34687954 PMCID: PMC8678319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells play multiple roles in immune responses related to autoimmune diseases as well as different types of cancers. As such, strategies focused on B cell targeting attracted wide interest and developed intensively. There are several common mechanisms various B cell targeting therapies have relied on, including direct B cell depletion, modulation of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, targeting B cell survival factors, targeting the B cell and T cell costimulation, and immune checkpoint blockade. Nanocarriers, used as drug delivery vehicles, possess numerous advantages to low molecular weight drugs, reducing drug toxicity, enhancing blood circulation time, as well as augmenting targeting efficacy and improving therapeutic effect. Herein, we review the commonly used targets involved in B cell targeting approaches and the utilization of various nanocarriers as B cell-targeted delivery vehicles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As B cells are engaged significantly in the development of many kinds of diseases, utilization of nanomedicines in B cell depletion therapies have been rapidly developed. Although numerous studies focused on B cell targeting have already been done, there are still various potential receptors awaiting further investigation. This review summarizes the most relevant studies that utilized nanotechnologies associated with different B cell depletion approaches, providing a useful tool for selection of receptors, agents and/or nanocarriers matching specific diseases. Along with uncovering new targets in the function map of B cells, there will be a growing number of candidates that can benefit from nanoscale drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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6
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Gartshteyn Y, Askanase AD, Mor A. SLAM Associated Protein Signaling in T Cells: Tilting the Balance Toward Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654839. [PMID: 33936082 PMCID: PMC8086963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is the result of the integration of signals across the T cell receptor and adjacent co-receptors. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) family are transmembrane co-receptors that modulate antigen driven T cell responses. Signal transduction downstream of the SLAM receptor is mediated by the adaptor protein SLAM Associated Protein (SAP), a small intracellular protein with a single SH2 binding domain that can recruit tyrosine kinases as well as shield phosphorylated sites from dephosphorylation. Balanced SLAM-SAP signaling within T cells is required for healthy immunity, with deficiency or overexpression prompting autoimmune diseases. Better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the intracellular signaling downstream of SLAM could provide treatment targets for these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anca D Askanase
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Christiansen C, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Domingo-Relloso A, Zhao W, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Tsai PC, Maddock J, Haack K, Cole SA, Kardia SLR, Molokhia M, Suderman M, Power C, Relton C, Wong A, Kuh D, Goodman A, Small KS, Smith JA, Tellez-Plaza M, Navas-Acien A, Ploubidis GB, Hardy R, Bell JT. Novel DNA methylation signatures of tobacco smoking with trans-ethnic effects. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:36. [PMID: 33593402 PMCID: PMC7888173 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of death. Smoking leaves a strong signature on the blood methylome as shown in multiple studies using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Here, we explore novel blood methylation smoking signals on the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip (EPIC) array, which also targets novel CpG-sites in enhancers. METHOD A smoking-methylation meta-analysis was carried out using EPIC DNA methylation profiles in 1407 blood samples from four UK population-based cohorts, including the MRC National Survey for Health and Development (NSHD) or 1946 British birth cohort, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) or 1958 birth cohort, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), and the TwinsUK cohort (TwinsUK). The overall discovery sample included 269 current, 497 former, and 643 never smokers. Replication was pursued in 3425 trans-ethnic samples, including 2325 American Indian individuals participating in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) in 1989-1991 and 1100 African-American participants in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study (GENOA). RESULTS Altogether 952 CpG-sites in 500 genes were differentially methylated between smokers and never smokers after Bonferroni correction. There were 526 novel smoking-associated CpG-sites only profiled by the EPIC array, of which 486 (92%) replicated in a meta-analysis of the American Indian and African-American samples. Novel CpG sites mapped both to genes containing previously identified smoking-methylation signals and to 80 novel genes not previously linked to smoking, with the strongest novel signal in SLAMF7. Comparison of former versus never smokers identified that 37 of these sites were persistently differentially methylated after cessation, where 16 represented novel signals only profiled by the EPIC array. We observed a depletion of smoking-associated signals in CpG islands and an enrichment in enhancer regions, consistent with previous results. CONCLUSION This study identified novel smoking-associated signals as possible biomarkers of exposure to smoking and may help improve our understanding of smoking-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - A Domingo-Relloso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J S El-Sayed Moustafa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P-C Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - J Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Haack
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S A Cole
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Molokhia
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - K S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Chang HD, Tokoyoda K, Hoyer B, Alexander T, Khodadadi L, Mei H, Dörner T, Hiepe F, Burmester GR, Radbruch A. Pathogenic memory plasma cells in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 61:86-91. [PMID: 31675681 PMCID: PMC6908965 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory plasma cells are long-lived but require specialized niches for their survival. Memory plasma cells are refractory to conventional immunosuppression. Pathogenic memory plasma cells represent ‘roadblocks’ to response to conventional therapy. Strategies for (selective) targeting of memory plasma cells are in preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Koji Tokoyoda
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bimba Hoyer
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laleh Khodadadi
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Pazina T, James AM, Colby KB, Yang Y, Gale A, Jhatakia A, Kearney AY, Graziano RF, Bezman NA, Robbins MD, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1633-1646. [PMID: 31431433 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. By engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16), Elo promotes potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) toward SLAMF7+ MM tumor cells. Relapsed/refractory MM patients treated with the combination of Elo, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone have improved progression-free survival. We previously showed that Elo enhances NK cell activity via a costimulation mechanism, independent of CD16 binding. Here, we further studied the effect of Elo on cytotoxicity of CD16-negative NK-92 cells. Elo, but not other SLAMF7 antibodies, uniquely enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by CD16-negative NK-92 cells toward SLAMF7+ target cells. Furthermore, this CD16-independent enhancement of cytotoxicity required expression of SLAMF7 containing the full cytoplasmic domain in the NK cells, implicating costimulatory signaling. The CD16-independent costimulation by Elo was associated with increased expression of NKG2D, ICAM-1, and activated LFA-1 on NK cells, and enhanced cytotoxicity was partially reduced by NKG2D blocking antibodies. In addition, an Fc mutant form of Elo that cannot bind CD16 promoted cytotoxicity of SLAMF7+ target cells by NK cells from most healthy donors, especially if previously cultured in IL2. We conclude that in addition to promoting NK cell-mediated ADCC (CD16-dependent) responses, Elo promoted SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions in a CD16-independent manner to enhance NK cytotoxicity toward MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine," St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashley M James
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly B Colby
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Gale
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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10
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Wong KY, Baron R, Seldon TA, Jones ML, Rice AM, Munster DJ. CD83 Antibody Inhibits Human B Cell Responses to Antigen as well as Dendritic Cell-Mediated CD4 T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3383-3396. [PMID: 29643191 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Anti-CD83 Ab capable of Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity can deplete activated CD83+ human dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting CD4 T cell-mediated acute graft-versus-host disease. As CD83 is also expressed on the surface of activated B lymphocytes, we hypothesized that anti-CD83 would also inhibit B cell responses to stimulation. We found that anti-CD83 inhibited total IgM and IgG production in vitro by allostimulated human PBMC. Also, Ag-specific Ab responses to immunization of SCID mice xenografted with human PBMC were inhibited by anti-CD83 treatment. This inhibition occurred without depletion of all human B cells because anti-CD83 lysed activated CD83+ B cells by Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and spared resting (CD83-) B cells. In cultured human PBMC, anti-CD83 inhibited tetanus toxoid-stimulated B cell proliferation and concomitant dendritic cell-mediated CD4 T cell proliferation and expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A, with minimal losses of B cells (<20%). In contrast, the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab depleted >80% of B cells but had no effect on CD4 T cell proliferation and cytokine expression. By virtue of the ability of anti-CD83 to selectively deplete activated, but not resting, B cells and dendritic cells, with the latter reducing CD4 T cell responses, anti-CD83 may be clinically useful in autoimmunity and transplantation. Advantages might include inhibited expansion of autoantigen- or alloantigen-specific B cells and CD4 T cells, thus preventing further production of pathogenic Abs and inflammatory cytokines while preserving protective memory and regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Y Wong
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; and
| | - Rebecca Baron
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; and
| | - Therese A Seldon
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; and
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alison M Rice
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; and
| | - David J Munster
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; and
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11
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Dragovich MA, Mor A. The SLAM family receptors: Potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:674-682. [PMID: 29729453 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family is comprised of nine distinct receptors (SLAMF1 through SLAMF9) that are expressed on hematopoietic cells. All of these receptors, with the exception of SLAMF4, are homotypic by nature as downstream signaling occurs when hematopoietic cells that express the same SLAM receptor interact. The SLAM family receptor function is largely controlled via SLAM associated protein (SAP) family adaptors. The SAP family adaptors consist of SAP, Ewing sarcoma associated transcript (EAT)-2, and EAT-2-related transducer (ERT). These adaptors associate with the cytoplasmic domain of the SLAM family receptors through phosphorylated tyrosines. Defects in SLAM family members and SAP adaptors have been implicated in causing immune deficiencies. This is exemplified in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, where SAP undergoes a loss of function mutation. Furthermore, evidence has been accumulating that SLAM family members are potential targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the structure and function of the SLAM family receptors and SAP family adaptors, their role in immune regulation, and potential approaches to target this family of receptors therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dragovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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12
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Elotuzumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, with Special Reference to its Modes of Action and SLAMF7 Signaling. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29531651 PMCID: PMC5841936 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Elotuzumab, targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7), has been approved in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (ELd) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) based on the findings of the phase III randomized trial ELOQUENT-2 (NCT01239797). Four-year follow-up analyses of ELOQUENT-2 have demonstrated that progression-free survival was 21% in ELd versus 14% in Ld. Elotuzumab binds a unique epitope on the membrane IgC2 domain of SLAMF7, exhibiting a dual mechanism of action: natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and enhancement of NK cell activity. The ADCC is mediated through engagement between Fc portion of elotuzumab and FcgRIIIa/CD16 on NK cells. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity results from phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that is induced via elotuzumab binding and recruits the SLAM-associated adaptor protein EAT-2. The coupling of EAT-2 to the phospholipase Cg enzymes SH2 domain leads to enhanced Ca2+ influx and MAPK/Erk pathway activation, resulting in granule polarization and enhanced exocytosis in NK cells. Elotuzumab does not stimulate the proliferation of MM cells due to a lack of EAT-2. The inhibitory effects of elotuzumab on MM cell growth are not induced by the lack of CD45, even though SHP-2, SHP-1, SHIP-1, and Csk may be recruited to phosphorylated ITSM of SLAMF7. ELd improves PFS in patients with high-risk cytogenetics, i.e. t(4;14), del(17p), and 1q21 gain/amplification. Since the immune state is paralytic in advanced MM, the efficacy of ELd with minimal toxicity may bring forward for consideration of its use in the early stages of the disease.
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13
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Vierboom MPM, Breedveld E, Kap YS, Mary C, Poirier N, 't Hart BA, Vanhove B. Clinical efficacy of a new CD28-targeting antagonist of T cell co-stimulation in a non-human primate model of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:405-18. [PMID: 26540618 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells have a central pathogenic role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are therefore a favoured target of immunotherapy aiming at physical or functional elimination. Here we report an efficacy test of FR104, a new co-stimulation inhibitor directly targeting CD28 on T cells, in a translationally relevant model, the rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). As a relevant comparator we used abatacept [cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen immunoglobulin (CTLA Ig)], an antagonist of CTLA-4 binding to CD80/86 clinically approved for treatment of RA. Treatment with either compound was started at the day of CIA induction. Although FR104 previously demonstrated a higher control of T cell responses in vitro than abatacept, both compounds were equally potent in the suppression of CIA symptoms and biomarkers, such as the production of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-collagen type II (CII) serum antibody (IgM/IgG). However, in contrast to abatacept, FR104 showed effective suppression of CII-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. The current study demonstrates a strong potential of the new selective CD28 antagonist FR104 for treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P M Vierboom
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - E Breedveld
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Y S Kap
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - C Mary
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
| | - N Poirier
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
| | - B A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Department Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Vanhove
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, Université De Nantes, Effimune SA, Nantes, France
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14
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Kim JR, Mathew SO, Mathew PA. Blimp-1/PRDM1 regulates the transcription of human CS1 (SLAMF7) gene in NK and B cells. Immunobiology 2015; 221:31-9. [PMID: 26310579 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CS1 (CRACC/CD319/SLAMF7) is a member of SLAM (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule) family receptors and is expressed on NK cells, a subset of CD8(+) T lymphocytes, activated monocytes, mature dendritic cells and activated B cells. In NK cells, CS1 signaling induces cytolytic function of NK cells against targets whereas in B cells CS1 induces proliferation and autocrine cytokine production. CS1 is upregulated in multiple myeloma cells and contributes to clonogenic growth and tumorigenicity. However, the mechanism of CS1 upregulation is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of human CS1 gene in NK and B cells. The promoter region of CS1 contains a Blimp-1/PRDM1 binding site and relative luciferase activities of successive deletion mutants of CS1 promoter were different between Blimp-1/PRDM1-positive and Blimp-1/PRDM1-negative cells. Proximal region of CS1 promoter contains a CAAT box and atypical TATA-box that might result in common transcription initiation at -29 nucleotides upstream of the ATG translation start codon. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed Blimp-1/PRDM1 binds to the CS1 promoter region. Mutating the Blimp-1/PRDM1 site at -750 to -746 decreased the transcriptional activity of CS1 promoter implicating a trans-activating function of Blimp-1/PRDM1 in human CS1 gene regulation. The finding that Blimp-1/PRDM1 enhances transcription of CS1 gene in multiple myeloma cells may help in developing novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong R Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Stephen O Mathew
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Porunelloor A Mathew
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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15
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Van Roy M, Ververken C, Beirnaert E, Hoefman S, Kolkman J, Vierboom M, Breedveld E, 't Hart B, Poelmans S, Bontinck L, Hemeryck A, Jacobs S, Baumeister J, Ulrichts H. The preclinical pharmacology of the high affinity anti-IL-6R Nanobody® ALX-0061 supports its clinical development in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:135. [PMID: 25994180 PMCID: PMC4476083 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ALX-0061 is a bispecific Nanobody® with a high affinity and potency for IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), combined with an extended half-life by targeting human serum albumin. We describe here the relevant aspects of its in vitro and in vivo pharmacology. Methods ALX-0061 is composed of an affinity-matured IL-6R-targeting domain fused to an albumin-binding domain representing a minimized two-domain structure. A panel of different in vitro assays was used to characterize the biological activities of ALX-0061. The pharmacological properties of ALX-0061 were examined in cynomolgus monkeys, using plasma levels of total soluble (s)IL-6R as pharmacodynamic marker. Therapeutic effect was evaluated in a human IL-6-induced acute phase response model in the same species, and in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rhesus monkeys, using tocilizumab as positive control. Results ALX-0061 was designed to confer the desired pharmacological properties. A 200-fold increase of target affinity was obtained through affinity maturation of the parental domain. The high affinity for sIL-6R (0.19 pM) translated to a concentration-dependent and complete neutralization of sIL-6R in vitro. In cynomolgus monkeys, ALX-0061 showed a dose-dependent and complete inhibition of hIL-6-induced inflammatory parameters, including plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and platelets. An apparent plasma half-life of 6.6 days was observed after a single intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg ALX-0061 in cynomolgus monkeys, similar to the estimated expected half-life of serum albumin. ALX-0061 and tocilizumab demonstrated a marked decrease in serum CRP levels in a non-human primate CIA model. Clinical effect was confirmed in animals with active drug exposure throughout the study duration. Conclusions ALX-0061 represents a minimized bispecific biotherapeutic of 26 kDa, nearly six times smaller than monoclonal antibodies. High in vitro affinity and potency was demonstrated. Albumin binding as a half-life extension technology resulted in describable and expected pharmacokinetics. Strong IL-6R engagement was shown to translate to in vivo effect in non-human primates, demonstrated via biomarker deregulation as well as clinical effect. Presented results on preclinical pharmacological properties of ALX-0061 are supportive of clinical development in RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0651-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Els Beirnaert
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. .,VIB, Rijvisschestraat 120, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Sven Hoefman
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Joost Kolkman
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. .,Crucell, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333, CA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel Vierboom
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Elia Breedveld
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofie Poelmans
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | | | - Alex Hemeryck
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Sandy Jacobs
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | | | - Hans Ulrichts
- Ablynx NV, Technologiepark 21, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
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16
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Commercial bovine proteoglycan is highly arthritogenic and can be used as an alternative antigen source for PGIA model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:148594. [PMID: 24971313 PMCID: PMC4058295 DOI: 10.1155/2014/148594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease. It affects mainly the joints, causing synovitis, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Many experimental models are used to study the mechanisms involved in immunopathogenesis and new therapies for this disease. Proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) is a widely used model based on the cross-reactivity of injected foreign (usually human) PG and mice self-PG. Considering the complexity of the extraction and purification of human PG, in this study we evaluated the arthritogenicity of bovine PG that is commercially available. Bovine PG was highly arthritogenic, triggering 100% incidence of arthritis in female BALB/c retired breeder mice. Animals immunized with bovine PG presented clinical symptoms and histopathological features similar to human RA and other experimental models. Moreover, bovine PG immunization determined higher levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in arthritic mice compared to healthy ones. As expected, only the arthritic group produced IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against PG. Thus, commercial bovine PG can be used as an alternative antigenic source to PGIA for the study of many RA aspects, including the immunopathogenesis of the disease and also the development of new therapies.
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