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Liquid biopsy for monitoring of tumor dormancy and early detection of disease recurrence in solid tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:161-182. [PMID: 36607507 PMCID: PMC10014694 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the three leading causes of death worldwide. Even after successful therapy and achieving remission, the risk of relapse often remains. In this context, dormant residual cancer cells in secondary organs such as the bone marrow constitute the cellular reservoir from which late tumor recurrences arise. This dilemma leads the term of minimal residual disease, which reflects the presence of tumor cells disseminated from the primary lesion to distant organs in patients who lack any clinical or radiological signs of metastasis or residual tumor cells left behind after therapy that eventually lead to local recurrence. Disseminated tumor cells have the ability to survive in a dormant state following treatment and linger unrecognized for more than a decade before emerging as recurrent disease. They are able to breakup their dormant state and to readopt their proliferation under certain circumstances, which can finally lead to distant relapse and cancer-associated death. In recent years, extensive molecular and genetic characterization of disseminated tumor cells and blood-based biomarker has contributed significantly to our understanding of the frequency and prevalence of tumor dormancy. In this article, we describe the clinical relevance of disseminated tumor cells and highlight how latest advances in different liquid biopsy approaches can be used to detect, characterize, and monitor minimal residual disease in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma patients.
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2
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Mäurer M, Pachmann K, Wendt T, Schott D, Wittig A. Prospective Monitoring of Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC) Reveals Changes in Gene Expression during Adjuvant Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:3507-3524. [PMID: 34590615 PMCID: PMC8482075 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC) are considered to be responsible for the formation of metastases. Therefore, their importance as prognostic and/or predictive markers in breast cancer is being intensively investigated. Here, the reliability of single cell expression analyses in isolated and collected CETC from whole blood samples of patients with early-stage breast cancer before and after radiotherapy (RT) using the maintrac® method was investigated. Single-cell expression analyses were performed with qRT-PCR on a panel of selected genes: GAPDH, EpCAM, NANOG, Bcl-2, TLR 4, COX-2, PIK3CA, Her-2/neu, Vimentin, c-Met, Ki-67. In all patients, viable CETC were detected prior to and at the end of radiotherapy. In 7 of the 9 (77.8%) subjects examined, the CETC number at the end of the radiotherapy series was higher than before. The majority of genes analyzed showed increased expression after completion of radiotherapy compared to baseline. Procedures and methods used in this pilot study proved to be feasible. The method is suitable for further investigation of the underlying molecular biological mechanisms occurring in cells surviving radiotherapy and possibly the development of radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mäurer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katharina Pachmann
- Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Kurpromenade 2, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany; (K.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Thomas Wendt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Dorothea Schott
- Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Kurpromenade 2, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany; (K.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrea Wittig
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (A.W.)
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3
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Shliakhtunou YA. CTCs-oriented adjuvant personalized cytostatic therapy non-metastatic breast cancer patients: continuous non-randomized prospective study and prospective randomized controlled study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:439-451. [PMID: 33389399 PMCID: PMC7990849 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM To conduct a prospective randomized controlled study of the optimization of adjuvant therapy in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, taking into account the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with an assessment of tumor-specific OS and DFS. MATERIALS Stage 1 Continuous non-randomized prospective study (n = 102) to study the clinical and prognostic value of CTCs and evaluate the effectiveness of adjuvant systemic therapy in relation to CTC eradication; Stage 2 Prospective randomized controlled study (n = 128) of optimization of adjuvant therapy taking into account CTCs with an assessment of the effectiveness of the standard therapy and an optimized therapy regimen. RESULTS Monitoring of CTCs during adjuvant drug treatment has established that a significant decrease in the frequency of CTC identification can be achieved only by sequential administration of anthracyclines and taxanes (paclitaxel) AC-T, which allows reducing CTCs compared to other regimens from 52.6 to 15.8% (p = 0.006). CTC-oriented personalized adjuvant therapy in the experimental group, based on the timely transition from an ineffective adjuvant chemotherapy regimen to taxanes, as well as additional monochemotherapy with gemcitabine can achieve 100% eradication CTCs. In the adjuvant therapy experimental group taking into account CTCs (n = 68), the OS 5-year tumor-specific rate was 90.3 ± 3.8%, (control group 78.7 ± 3.9%, p = 0.036). DFS tumor-specific in the experimental group was 88.0 ± 4.4%, (control group 80.6 ± 3.3%, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS The use of the method of treatment of CTC-oriented personalized adjuvant therapy for non-metastatic breast cancer makes it possible to reliably increase DFS 5-year by 7.4% and OS 5-year by 11.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya A Shliakhtunou
- Department of Oncology, Educational Establishment "Vitebsk State Medical University", Frunze Av., 27, 210009, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus.
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4
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Guan G, Wang Y, Sun Q, Wang L, Xie F, Yan J, Huang H, Liu H. Utility of urinary ctDNA to monitoring minimal residual disease in early breast cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:111-119. [PMID: 32176625 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer recurrence for patients with early breast cancer is significant. Patients will benefit from more non-invasive modes of monitoring and we aim to study the feasibility of urinary circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to monitor for residual disease (MRD). METHODS In this longitudinal study, 300 early breast cancer patients were recruited prospectively. Measurements were taken prior to treatment and at different time points thereafter for a total of 8 measurements. Comparisons were made with healthy volunteers and patients without detectable mutations in urine specimens. Disease free relapse were correlated to both urinary DNA quantity and ctDNA concentration. RESULTS Baseline index measurements showed 38% of patients with detectable mutations. The concordance with biopsy tissues was 97.3%. Overall, breast cancer patients had higher urinary DNA compared with healthy volunteers. Over time, fluctuations in urinary DNA was negligible in healthy volunteers, indicating the stability of the marker. Among the patients with detectable mutations, we observed that higher urinary DNA quantity measurements at 6-month and patients with positive mutations were associated with greater risk of relapse. Hazard ratios for patients in this category was 1.65 (95% CI 1.26-2.16) and 1.98 (95% CI 1.48-2.63) respectively. CONCLUSION Urinary DNA offers non-invasive probing and real-time monitoring of breast cancer relapse. Our results demonstrated clear clinical relevance in breast cancer and significant risk profiling of early breast cancer patients. This potentially aids to complement current cancer relapse monitoring and may help in early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Guan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Pantano F, Croset M, Driouch K, Bednarz-Knoll N, Iuliani M, Ribelli G, Bonnelye E, Wikman H, Geraci S, Bonin F, Simonetti S, Vincenzi B, Hong SS, Sousa S, Pantel K, Tonini G, Santini D, Clézardin P. Integrin alpha5 in human breast cancer is a mediator of bone metastasis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteolytic lesions. Oncogene 2021; 40:1284-1299. [PMID: 33420367 PMCID: PMC7892344 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in breast cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better select high-risk patients in order to adapt patient's treatment and prevent bone recurrence. Here, we found that integrin alpha5 (ITGA5) was highly expressed in bone metastases, compared to lung, liver, or brain metastases. High ITGA5 expression in primary tumors correlated with the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates from early stage breast cancer patients (n = 268; p = 0.039). ITGA5 was also predictive of poor bone metastasis-free survival in two separate clinical data sets (n = 855, HR = 1.36, p = 0.018 and n = 427, HR = 1.62, p = 0.024). This prognostic value remained significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.028). Experimentally, ITGA5 silencing impaired tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin, migration, and survival. ITGA5 silencing also reduced tumor cell colonization of the bone marrow and formation of osteolytic lesions in vivo. Conversely, ITGA5 overexpression promoted bone metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of ITGA5 with humanized monoclonal antibody M200 (volociximab) recapitulated inhibitory effects of ITGA5 silencing on tumor cell functions in vitro and tumor cell colonization of the bone marrow in vivo. M200 also markedly reduced tumor outgrowth in experimental models of bone metastasis or tumorigenesis, and blunted cancer-associated bone destruction. ITGA5 was not only expressed by tumor cells but also osteoclasts. In this respect, M200 decreased human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. Overall, this study identifies ITGA5 as a mediator of breast-to-bone metastasis and raises the possibility that volociximab/M200 could be repurposed for the treatment of ITGA5-positive breast cancer patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pantano
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martine Croset
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Keltouma Driouch
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michele Iuliani
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Harriet Wikman
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Geraci
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florian Bonin
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saw See Hong
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.507621.7INRA, UMR-754, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Sousa
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Klaus Pantel
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- grid.503384.90000 0004 0450 3721INSERM, UMR_S1033, LYOS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Oncology and Metabolism Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Čermák V, Dostál V, Jelínek M, Libusová L, Kovář J, Rösel D, Brábek J. Microtubule-targeting agents and their impact on cancer treatment. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151075. [PMID: 32414588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that bind to microtubules and affect their properties and function. Disruption of microtubules induces various cellular responses often leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death, the most common effect of MTAs. MTAs have found a plethora of practical applications in weed control, as fungicides and antiparasitics, and particularly in cancer treatment. Here we summarize the current knowledge of MTAs, the mechanisms of action and their role in cancer treatment. We further outline the potential use of MTAs in anti-metastatic therapy based on inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The two main problems associated with cancer therapy by MTAs are high systemic toxicity and development of resistance. Toxic side effects of MTAs can be, at least partly, eliminated by conjugation of the drugs with various carriers. Moreover, some of the novel MTAs overcome the resistance mediated by both multidrug resistance transporters as well as overexpression of specific β-tubulin types. In anti-metastatic therapy, MTAs should be combined with other drugs to target all modes of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dostál
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Jelínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic.
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7
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Siddappa CM, Pillai SG, Snider J, Alldredge P, Trinkaus K, Watson MA, Aft R. Gene expression analysis to detect disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of triple-negative breast cancer patients predicts metastatic relapse. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:317-325. [PMID: 31432366 PMCID: PMC6797655 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the BM of breast cancer patients predict early disease relapse, but the molecular heterogeneity of these cells is less well characterized. Expression of a 46-gene panel was used to detect DTCs and classify patient BM samples to determine whether a composite set of biomarkers could better predict metastatic relapse. Methods Using a high-throughput qRT-PCR assay platform, BM specimens collected from 70 breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed for the expression of 46 gene transcripts. Gene expression was scored positive (detectable) relative to a reference pool of 16 healthy female control BM specimens. To validate findings from a subset of 28 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in the initial 70 patient cohort, an independent set of pre-therapeutic BM specimens from 16 TNBC patients was analyzed. Results Expression of each of the 46 gene transcripts was highly variable between patients. Individual gene expression was detected in 0–84% of BM specimens analyzed and all but two patient BM specimens expressed at least one transcript. Among a subset of 28 patients with TNBC, positivity of one or more of eight transcripts correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03). In an independent set of 16 triple-negative patient BM samples, detection of five of these same eight gene transcripts also correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03) with a positive predictive value of 89%. Conclusions We identified a set of gene transcripts whose detection in the BM of TNBC patients, prior to any treatment intervention, predicts time to first distant relapse, thus identifying a TNBC patient population which requires additional treatment intervention. Because these genes are presumably expressed in populations of DTCs and many encode proteins that are known therapeutic targets (e.g., ERBB2), these results also suggest a potential approach for targeted DTC therapy to mitigate distant metastases in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05405-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda M Siddappa
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sreeraj G Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jackie Snider
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patsy Alldredge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathyrn Trinkaus
- Division of Public Health Science, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Aft
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8109, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,John Cochran Veterans Administration Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Lin S, Zhang C, Liu F, Ma J, Jia F, Han Z, Xie W, Li X. Actinomycin V Inhibits Migration and Invasion via Suppressing Snail/Slug-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Progression in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E305. [PMID: 31137656 PMCID: PMC6562598 DOI: 10.3390/md17050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycin V, an analog of actinomycin D produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., possessing a 4-ketoproline instead of a 4-proline in actinomycin D. In this study, the involvement of snail/slug-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the anti-migration and -invasion actions of actinomycin V was investigated in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. Cell proliferation effect was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Wound-healing and Transwell assay were performed to investigate the anti-migration and -invasion effects of actinomycin V. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, slug, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and twist proteins and the mRNA levels were detected by rt-PCR. Actinomycin V showed stronger cytotoxic activity than that of actinomycin D. Actinomycin V up-regulated both of the protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin and down-regulated that of N-cadherin and vimentin in the same cells. In this connection, actinomycin V decreased the snail and slug protein expression, and consequently inhibited cells EMT procession. Our results suggest that actinomycin V inhibits EMT-mediated migration and invasion via decreasing snail and slug expression, which exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast cancer and further toxicity investigation in vivo is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lin
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Jiahui Ma
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Fujuan Jia
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Weidong Xie
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xia Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China.
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9
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Chen X, Du Y, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang G, Yang C, Gao F. Hyaluronan arrests human breast cancer cell growth by prolonging the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1181-1189. [PMID: 30371731 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical breast cancer patients, quiescent disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can persist for a long time in the bone marrow (BM) under the influence of microenvironmental cues. As a high molecular weight polysaccharide, hyaluronan (HA) not only has been shown to regulate cancer processes including cell invasion, metastasis, migration, and proliferation, but also is a major component of the BM extracellular matrix. Here, we tested whether HA promotes breast cancer cell quiescence through detecting cell proliferation, cell cycle phase distribution, and the expression of cell cycle-related regulator proteins. In our results, HA slowed the growth and prolonged the G0/G1 phase of the highly metastatic, bone-seeking human breast cancer MDA-MB-231BO cell line, which is consistent with results that HA activated p38α/β, inhibited phospho-ERK1/2 levels and reduced the ERK/p38 signaling ratio. Additionally, we examined the crucial cell cycle factors p21cip1 and Cyclin D1, both of which influence the transition from G1 to S phase. The results revealed that p21cip1 expression was up-regulated by HA, which was consequently accompanied by a decrease in Cyclin D1 level. Further research with a 3D culture model indicated that HA maintained low Ki-67 and high p21cip1 expression levels in MDA-MB-231BO cells. In summary, our work revealed that HA might contribute to DTC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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10
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Geers J, Wildiers H, Van Calster K, Laenen A, Floris G, Vandevoort M, Fabre G, Nevelsteen I, Smeets A. Oncological safety of autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy for invasive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:994. [PMID: 30340548 PMCID: PMC6194715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients requesting autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) after mastectomy for breast cancer has increased over the past decades. However, concern has been expressed about the oncological safety of ABR. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of ABR on distant relapse. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data was analysed from patients who underwent mastectomy for invasive breast cancer in University Hospitals Leuven between 2000 and 2011. In total, 2326 consecutive patients were included, 485 who underwent mastectomy with ABR and 1841 who underwent mastectomy alone. The risk of relapse in both groups was calculated using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for established prognostic factors. ABR was considered as a time-dependent variable. Additionally, the evolution of the risk over follow-up time was calculated. Results With a median follow-up of 68 months, 8% of patients in the reconstruction group developed distant metastases compared to 15% in the mastectomy alone group (univariate HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97, p = 0.0323). However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors in a Cox multivariable analysis, the risk of distant relapse was no longer significantly different between groups (multivariate HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.55–1.22, p = 0.3301). Moreover, the risk of metastasis after reconstruction was not time-dependent. Conclusions These findings suggest that there is no effect of ABR on distant relapse rate and thus that ABR is an oncological safe procedure. The rate of local recurrence was too low to make any significant conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Geers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Van Calster
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, University Hospitals Sint-Raphaël, Kapucijnenvoer 35, blok D, bus 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Vandevoort
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerd Fabre
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Li R, Cui H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhou F, Liu W, Dong W, Zhao X, Guo S. The Overall Release of Circulating Tumor Cells by Using Temperature Control and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Enzyme on Gelatin Film. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:910-916. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Heng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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12
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You MK, Kim HJ, Kook JH, Kim HA. St. John's Wort Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting AMPK/mTOR and Activating the Mitochondrial Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040966. [PMID: 29570671 PMCID: PMC5979501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
St. John’s Wort (SJW) has been used as an estrogen agonist in the systems affected by menopause. Also, hypericin, a bioactive compound of SJW, has been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In the present study, we investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of SJW to demonstrate the chemo-preventive effect in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured with DMSO or various concentrations of SJW ethanol extract (SJWE). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, the expression of proteins involved in cell growth and apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activity were examined. SJWE dose-dependently suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, SJWE enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased the expression of p-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Also, SJWE inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and showed increases in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad with decreases in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), and p-Bcl-2-associated death promoter (p-Bad). SJWE at 50 μg/mL showed markedly enhanced caspase-7 activation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SJWE shows anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects via inhibition of AMPK/mTOR and activation of a mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, SJWE can be used as a chemo-preventive agent without photo-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung You
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Hisol Inc., 247-9, Baraebong-gil, Unbong-eup, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55717, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Kook
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
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13
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New Developments in Breast Cancer Prognosis: Molecular Predictors of Treatment Response and Survival. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 28:131-40. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the molecular subtypes of breast cancer for patients attending a dedicated breast care center and examine the association with clinicopathological features, treatment and survival outcomes. Methods Demographic, clinicopathological and treatment details were collected from women with primary breast cancer. Immunohistochemical subtypes were also collected. The association between breast cancer subtypes and clinicopathological features was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Survival outcomes were compared among subtypes with the log-rank test. Results Immunohistochemical subtypes were not associated with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion or lymph node involvement but differed by histological grade (p=0.014) and nuclear grade of tumors (p=0.001). The 5-year overall survival estimates for luminal A, luminal B, HER-2-positive and triple-negative tumors were 100%, 96.2%, 71.4% and 92.3% respectively. Compared to luminal A tumors (93.4%), luminal B (80.8%), HER-2-positive (71.4%) and triple-negative (76.9%) tumors exhibited a reduced disease-free survival (DFS). Patients with ER-positive tumors had a higher DFS than their ER-negative counterparts (p=0.036). Patients with tumors expressing a low Ki-67 level had a more favorable prognosis (p=0.02). Conclusions The most prevalent luminal A subtype is associated with relatively better prognosis, whereas HER-2-positive and triple-negative tumors are prone to early relapse with diminished survival.
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14
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Kruspe S, Dickey DD, Urak KT, Blanco GN, Miller MJ, Clark KC, Burghardt E, Gutierrez WR, Phadke SD, Kamboj S, Ginader T, Smith BJ, Grimm SK, Schappet J, Ozer H, Thomas A, McNamara JO, Chan CH, Giangrande PH. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Breast Cancer Cells in Patient Blood with Nuclease-Activated Probe Technology. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:542-557. [PMID: 28918054 PMCID: PMC5577414 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based diagnostics is the development of simple and inexpensive methods that reliably detect the diverse cells that make up CTCs. CTC-derived nucleases are one category of proteins that could be exploited to meet this challenge. Advantages of nucleases as CTC biomarkers include: (1) their elevated expression in many cancer cells, including cells implicated in metastasis that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (2) their enzymatic activity, which can be exploited for signal amplification in detection methods. Here, we describe a diagnostic assay based on quenched fluorescent nucleic acid probes that detect breast cancer CTCs via their nuclease activity. This assay exhibited robust performance in distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy controls, and it is rapid, inexpensive, and easy to implement in most clinical labs. Given its broad applicability, this technology has the potential to have a substantive impact on the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kruspe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David D Dickey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin T Urak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Giselle N Blanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elliot Burghardt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wade R Gutierrez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sneha D Phadke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sukriti Kamboj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy Ginader
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah K Grimm
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James Schappet
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Ozer
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - James O McNamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlos H Chan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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15
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Zhang X, Hofmann S, Rack B, Harbeck N, Jeschke U, Sixou S. Fluorescence Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Status of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCS) in Breast Cancer: From Cell Models to Metastatic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632174 PMCID: PMC5486139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressed in normal breast tissue and breast tumors has been suggested as a new prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (BC). Besides, increasing evidence supports the view that the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicts outcome in early and metastatic BC. Consequently, an evaluation of VDR expression in the CTCs of BC patients may allow optimization of their treatment. As an attempt to profile and subtype the CTCs of metastatic patients, we established an innovative fluorescence technique using nine BC cell lines to visualize, define, and compare their individual VDR status. Afterwards, we tested the CTC presence and VDR expression in blood samples (cytospins) collected from 23 metastatic BC patients. The results demonstrated major differences in the VDR levels among the nine cell lines, and VDR positive CTCs were detected in 46% of CTC-positive patients, with a total of 42 CTCs individually analyzed. Due to the limited number of patients in this study, no correlation between VDR expression and BC subtype classification (according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2) could be determined, but our data support the view that VDR evaluation is a potential new prognostic biomarker to help in the optimization of therapy management for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Sophie Sixou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse cedex 09 31062, France.
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16
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Gao W, Yuan H, Jing F, Wu S, Zhou H, Mao H, Jin Q, Zhao J, Cong H, Jia C. Analysis of circulating tumor cells from lung cancer patients with multiple biomarkers using high-performance size-based microfluidic chip. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12917-12928. [PMID: 28039472 PMCID: PMC5355066 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have attracted pretty much attention from scientists because of their important relationship with the process of metastasis. Here, we developed a size-based microfluidic chip containing triangular pillar array and filter channel array for detecting single CTCs and CTC clusters independent of tumor-specific markers. The cell populations in chip were characterized by immune-fluorescent staining combining an epithelial marker and a mesenchymal marker. We largely decreased the whole time of detection process to nearly 1.5h with this microfluidic device. The CTCs were subsequently measured in 77 patients with lung cancer and 39 healthy persons. The microfluidic device allowed for the detection of CTCs with apparent high sensitivity and specificity (82.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Furthermore, the total CTC counts were found to be elevated in advanced patients with metastases when compared with those without (20.89±14.57 vs 8.428±5.858 cells/mL blood; P<0.01). Combined epithelial marker and mesenchymal marker analysis of CTCs could provide more information about metastasis in patients than only usage of epithelial marker. In conclusion, the development of the size-based microfluidic device for efficient capture of CTCs will enable detailed characterization of their biological properties and values in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haojun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengxiang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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17
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Park HS, Han HJ, Lee S, Kim GM, Park S, Choi YA, Lee JD, Kim GM, Sohn J, Kim SI. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Using Cytokeratin-19 Real-Time RT-PCR. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:19-26. [PMID: 27873491 PMCID: PMC5122637 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The roles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as predictive and prognostic factors, as well as key mediators in the metastatic cascade, have been investigated. This study aimed to validate a method to quantify CTCs in peripheral blood using a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for cytokeratin (CK)-19 and to evaluate the utility of this assay in detecting CTCs in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time monitoring PCR of fluorescently labeled specific hybridization probes for CK-19 mRNA was established. Peripheral blood samples from 30 healthy donors, 69 patients with early breast cancer, 47 patients with locally advanced breast cancer, and 126 patients with metastatic breast cancer were prospectively obtained and analyzed for CTC detection. RESULTS CK-19 mRNA was not detectable in healthy subjects using the real-time RT-PCR method. The detection rates of CK-19 mRNA in breast cancer patients were 47.8% for early breast cancer (33/69), 46.8% for locally advanced breast cancer (22/47), and 61.1% for metastatic breast cancer (77/129). The detection rate of CK-19-positive CTCs in metastatic disease was slightly higher than early or locally advanced breast cancer; however, the detection rate according to disease burden was not statistically different (p=0.097). The detection rate was higher in patients with pleural metastasis (p=0.045). CTC detection was associated with poor survival (p=0.014). CONCLUSION A highly specific and sensitive CK-19 mRNA-based method to detect CTCs in peripheral blood in breast cancer patients can be used in further prospective studies to evaluate the predictive and prognostic importance of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Seok Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Han
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyeon Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Min Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon A Choi
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Lee
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Moon Kim
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Huang L, Bian S, Cheng Y, Shi G, Liu P, Ye X, Wang W. Microfluidics cell sample preparation for analysis: Advances in efficient cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:011501. [PMID: 28217240 PMCID: PMC5303167 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis has received increasing attention recently in both academia and clinics, and there is an urgent need for effective upstream cell sample preparation. Two extremely challenging tasks in cell sample preparation-high-efficiency cell enrichment and precise single cell capture-have now entered into an era full of exciting technological advances, which are mostly enabled by microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies that provide new solutions and creative insights into the two tasks of cell manipulation, with a focus on the latest development in the recent five years by highlighting the representative works. By doing so, we aim both to outline the framework and to showcase example applications of each task. In most cases for cell enrichment, we take circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as the target cells because of their research and clinical importance in cancer. For single cell capture, we review related technologies for many kinds of target cells because the technologies are supposed to be more universal to all cells rather than CTCs. Most of the mentioned technologies can be used for both cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. Each technology has its own advantages and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in their own area. Overall, these technologies have shown great promise and now evolve into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shengtai Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Guanya Shi
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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19
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Werden SJ, Sphyris N, Sarkar TR, Paranjape AN, LaBaff AM, Taube JH, Hollier BG, Ramirez-Peña EQ, Soundararajan R, den Hollander P, Powell E, Echeverria GV, Miura N, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H, Rosen JM, Mani SA. Phosphorylation of serine 367 of FOXC2 by p38 regulates ZEB1 and breast cancer metastasis, without impacting primary tumor growth. Oncogene 2016; 35:5977-5988. [PMID: 27292262 PMCID: PMC5114155 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic competence is contingent upon the aberrant activation of a latent embryonic program, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows stem cell properties as well as migratory and invasive capabilities upon differentiated tumor cells. We recently identified the transcription factor FOXC2 as a downstream effector of multiple EMT programs, independent of the EMT-inducing stimulus, and as a key player linking EMT, stem cell traits and metastatic competence in breast cancer. As such, FOXC2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate metastasis. However, as FOXC2 is a transcription factor, it is difficult to target by conventional means such as small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we identify the serine/threonine-specific kinase p38 as a druggable upstream regulator of FOXC2 stability and function that elicits phosphorylation of FOXC2 at serine 367 (S367). Using an orthotopic syngeneic mouse tumor model, we make the striking observation that inhibition of p38-FOXC2 signaling selectively attenuates metastasis without impacting primary tumor growth. In this model, circulating tumor cell numbers are significantly reduced in mice treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580, relative to vehicle-treated counterparts. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of p38 decreases FOXC2 protein levels, reverts the EMT phenotype and compromises stem cell attributes in vitro. We also identify the EMT-regulator ZEB1-known to directly repress E-cadherin/CDH1-as a downstream target of FOXC2, critically dependent on its activation by p38. Consistent with the notion that activation of the p38-FOXC2 signaling axis represents a critical juncture in the acquisition of metastatic competence, the phosphomimetic FOXC2(S367E) mutant is refractory to p38 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the non-phosphorylatable FOXC2(S367A) mutant fails to elicit EMT and upregulate ZEB1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FOXC2 regulates EMT, stem cell traits, ZEB1 expression and metastasis in a p38-dependent manner, and attest to the potential utility of p38 inhibitors as antimetastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T R Sarkar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A N Paranjape
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A M LaBaff
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H Taube
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B G Hollier
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Q Ramirez-Peña
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G V Echeverria
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Rosen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Tachtsidis A, McInnes LM, Jacobsen N, Thompson EW, Saunders CM. Minimal residual disease in breast cancer: an overview of circulating and disseminated tumour cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:521-50. [PMID: 27189371 PMCID: PMC4947105 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of cancer research, focus on the study of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the context of carcinoma has grown exponentially over the past several years. MRD encompasses circulating tumour cells (CTCs)—cancer cells on the move via the circulatory or lymphatic system, disseminated tumour cells (DTCs)—cancer cells which have escaped into a distant site (most studies have focused on bone marrow), and resistant cancer cells surviving therapy—be they local or distant, all of which may ultimately give rise to local relapse or overt metastasis. Initial studies simply recorded the presence and number of CTCs and DTCs; however recent advances are allowing assessment of the relationship between their persistence, patient prognosis and the biological properties of MRD, leading to a better understanding of the metastatic process. Technological developments for the isolation and analysis of circulating and disseminated tumour cells continue to emerge, creating new opportunities to monitor disease progression and perhaps alter disease outcome. This review outlines our knowledge to date on both measurement and categorisation of MRD in the form of CTCs and DTCs with respect to how this relates to cancer outcomes, and the hurdles and future of research into both CTCs and DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tachtsidis
- St. Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L M McInnes
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N Jacobsen
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E W Thompson
- University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - C M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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ANDERGASSEN ULRICH, KÖLBL ALEXANDRAC, MAHNER SVEN, JESCHKE UDO. Real-time RT-PCR systems for CTC detection from blood samples of breast cancer and gynaecological tumour patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1905-15. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Friberg S, Nyström A. Cancer Metastases: Early Dissemination and Late Recurrences. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:43-9. [PMID: 26640389 PMCID: PMC4664198 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s31244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cells from a primary tumor can occur before the primary cancer is detected. Metastatic cells can also remain in the patient for many years after removal of the primary tumor without proliferating. These dormant malignant cells can awaken and cause recurrent disease decades after the primary treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical evidence for early dissemination and late recurrences in human malignant tumors. We used the following definitions: dormancy of cells may be defined as a nonproliferating state or an arrest in the cell cycle that results in a prolonged G0 phase. If one accepts the term "late metastases" to indicate a period exceeding 10 years from the removal of the primary tumor, then the two malignancies in which this occurs most frequently are cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords "metastases," "early dissemination," "late recurrences," "inadvertently transmitted cancer," "tumor growth rate," "dormancy," "circulating tumor cells," and "transplantation of cancer." RESULTS Several case reports of early dissemination and late recurrences of various types of malignancies were found. Analyses of the growth rates of several malignant tumors in the original host indicated that the majority of cancers had metastasized years before they were detected. CMM, RCC, and malignant glioblastoma were the three most common malignancies resulting from an organ transplantation. CMM and RCC were also the two most common malignancies that showed dormancy. In several cases of transplanted CMM and RCC, the donor did not have any known malignancy or had had the malignancy removed so long ago that the donor was regarded as cured. CONCLUSION (1) Metastases can frequently exist prior to the detection of the primary tumor. (2) Metastatic cells may reside in organs in the original host that are not usually the site of detectable secondary tumors, for example, the kidneys and heart. (3) Metastatic cells remain dormant for decades after the primary tumor has been removed. (4) Dormancy might be reversible and lead to late recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Friberg
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Peiris PM, Deb P, Doolittle E, Doron G, Goldberg A, Govender P, Shah S, Rao S, Carbone S, Cotey T, Sylvestre M, Singh S, Schiemann WP, Lee Z, Karathanasis E. Vascular Targeting of a Gold Nanoparticle to Breast Cancer Metastasis. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2600-10. [PMID: 26036431 PMCID: PMC4504827 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of breast cancer deaths are due to metastatic disease. Although deep tissue targeting of nanoparticles is suitable for some primary tumors, vascular targeting may be a more attractive strategy for micrometastasis. This study combined a vascular targeting strategy with the enhanced targeting capabilities of a nanoparticle to evaluate the ability of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) to specifically target the early spread of metastatic disease. As a ligand for the vascular targeting strategy, we utilized a peptide targeting alpha(v) beta(3) integrin, which is functionally linked to the development of micrometastases at a distal site. By employing a straightforward radiolabeling method to incorporate Technetium-99m into the AuNPs, we used the high sensitivity of radionuclide imaging to monitor the longitudinal accumulation of the nanoparticles in metastatic sites. Animal and histological studies showed that vascular targeting of the nanoparticle facilitated highly accurate targeting of micrometastasis in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer metastasis using radionuclide imaging and a low dose of the nanoparticle. Because of the efficient targeting scheme, 14% of the injected AuNP deposited at metastatic sites in the lungs within 60 min after injection, indicating that the vascular bed of metastasis is a viable target site for nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubudu M. Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Partha Deb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth Doolittle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gilad Doron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amy Goldberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Priya Govender
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Swetha Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Carbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas Cotey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meilyn Sylvestre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sohaj Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhenghong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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24
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Banys-Paluchowski M, Schneck H, Blassl C, Schultz S, Meier-Stiegen F, Niederacher D, Krawczyk N, Ruckhaeberle E, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Prognostic Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2015; 75:232-237. [PMID: 25914415 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be detected in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with early and metastatic disease. Recent data suggest that immune pathologic characteristics between the primary tumor, metastatic colonies and CTCs are discordant and that CTCs possess an independent phenotype that is associated with prognosis and treatment efficacy. Large scale gene expression analysis has provided the possibility to stratify breast cancer according to the gene expression fingerprint of primary tumor tissue into five intrinsic molecular subtypes which can be associated with different clinical outcome. As a consequence of the different prognostic power of primary tumors' characteristics and CTCs several groups have started to investigate if CTCs might be disseminated differentially within these breast cancer subtypes. They determined the CTC number in immunohistochemical subtypes to validate if CTCs may provide differential and more specific prognostic information within each subtype. This review provides an overview of the outcome of some recently published data gathered from early and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf ; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - H Schneck
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - C Blassl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - S Schultz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - F Meier-Stiegen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - D Niederacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - N Krawczyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - E Ruckhaeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - T Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - H Neubauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
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25
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Mukai R, Tomimaru Y, Nagano H, Eguchi H, Mimori K, Tomokuni A, Asaoka T, Wada H, Kawamoto K, Marubashi S, Doki Y, Mori M. miR-615-3p expression level in bone marrow is associated with tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:487-494. [PMID: 26137255 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) on tumor recurrence has not been investigated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of te present study was to clarify the molecular characteristics of DTCs that affect postoperative recurrence based on microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in clinical HCC patients undergoing curative resection. DTCs were prospectively collected from the BM of preoperative HCC patients using immunomagnetic beads and subjected to miRNA microarray analysis. Microarray analysis of nine HCC patients (n=5 patients with postoperative HCC recurrence, n=4 patients without HCC recurrence) demonstrated that miR-615-3p is significantly upregulated in the DTCs of patients with recurrence compared to the DTCs from patients without recurrence. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the miR-615-3p expression level is significantly correlated with malignant characteristics in HCC cells. These data suggest that miR-615-3p in DTCs may play an important role in postoperative HCC recurrence, which suggests that miR-615-3p is a potential target molecule for regulating postoperative HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Mukai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita 874-0838, Japan
| | - Akira Tomokuni
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Walter CB, Taran FA, Wallwiener M, Rothmund R, Kraemer B, Krawczyk N, Blassl C, Melcher C, Wallwiener D, Fehm T, Hartkopf AD. Prevalence and prognostic value of disseminated tumor cells in primary endometrial, cervical and vulvar cancer patients. Future Oncol 2014; 10:41-8. [PMID: 24328408 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Disseminated tumor cell (DTC) detection in bone marrow (BM) of primary breast cancer patients predicts poor prognosis. This study investigates the prevalence of DTCs and their prognostic significance in primary gynecologic malignancies. PATIENTS & METHODS DTCs from BM aspirates of 603 patients with endometrial (311), cervical (228) and vulvar cancer (64) were identified by the pancytokeratin antibody A45B/B3. RESULTS DTCs were detected in 18% of BM aspirates (21, 16 and 16% in endometrial, cervical and vulvar cancer, respectively). In cervical cancer, DTCs were associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, nodal status and lymphangiosis. There was no association between BM status and prognosis. CONCLUSION Tumor cell dissemination is common in gynecological cancer. In contrast to breast cancer, DTCs that derive from cervical, endometrial or vulvar cancer have less potential to initiate metastatic regrow. The molecular mechanisms underlying this observation warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Barbara Walter
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Strasse 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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27
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Schneble EJ, Graham LJ, Shupe MP, Flynt FL, Banks KP, Kirkpatrick AD, Nissan A, Henry L, Stojadinovic A, Shumway NM, Avital I, Peoples GE, Setlik RF. Future directions for the early detection of recurrent breast cancer. J Cancer 2014; 5:291-300. [PMID: 24790657 PMCID: PMC3982042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of follow-up care after breast cancer treatment is the early detection of disease recurrence. In this review, we emphasize the multidisciplinary approach to this continuity of care from surgery, medical oncology, and radiology. Challenges within each setting are briefly addressed as a means of discussion for the future directions of an effective and efficient surveillance plan of post-treatment breast cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Schneble
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Lindsey J Graham
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Matthew P Shupe
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Frederick L Flynt
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Kevin P Banks
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Aaron D Kirkpatrick
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Aviram Nissan
- 2. Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Leonard Henry
- 3. IU Health Goshen, 200 High Park Ave., Goshen, IN 46526, USA
| | | | - Nathan M Shumway
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Itzhak Avital
- 4. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, 5855 Bremo Road, Richmond, VA 23226, USA
| | - George E Peoples
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Robert F Setlik
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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28
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Kim HA, Kim MS, Kim SH, Kim YK. Pepper seed extract suppresses invasion and migration of human breast cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:159-65. [PMID: 24341783 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.853814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the antimetastatic activities of chili pepper seed on human breast cancer cells. The water extract of chili pepper seeds was prepared and it contained a substantial amount of phenols (131.12 mg%) and no capsaicinoids. Pepper seed extract (PSE) suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 10, 25, and 50 μg/ml (MDA-MB-231: IC50 = 20.1 μg/ml, MCF-7: IC50 = 14.7 μg/ml). PSE increased the expression level of E-cadherin up to 1.2-fold of the control in MCF-7 cells. PSE also decreased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 25 and 50 μg/ml. PSE treatment significantly suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The motility of cancer cells was apparently retarded in the wound healing assay by the PSE treatment. Although our data collectively demonstrate that PSE inhibits invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, further study is needed to identify specific mechanisms and bioactive components contributing to antimetastatic effects of chili pepper seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-A Kim
- a Department of Food & Nutrition , Mokpo National University , Jeonnam , Korea
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29
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Broersen LHA, van Pelt GW, Tollenaar RAEM, Mesker WE. Clinical application of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 37:9-15. [PMID: 24249155 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a major role in the metastatic spread of breast cancer. CTC detection has proven to be an important parameter for predicting progression free and overall survival. Collection of CTCs is minimally invasive and can be performed more often than disseminated tumor cell (DTC) collection from bone marrow, thus providing a real-time "liquid biopsy". In this review, the most important techniques for enrichment and detection of CTCs are discussed for clinical application in low and higher staged breast cancer, as well as the genetic and molecular characterization of CTCs. For CTCs, the use of immunology-based enrichment techniques with multiple antibodies is recommended in a clinical setting, as well as the use of cytometric detection techniques, combined with RT-PCR for confirmation. Special attention is given to the value of cancer stem cell (CSC) activity, which may be the main cause of ineffectiveness of the control over metastatic lesions due to intratumor heterogeneity. Accumulating information on CSCs offers new paradigms to generate effective targets for the treatment of metastatic disease. Genetic and molecular characterization of CTCs has potential to stratify patients for optimal personalized treatment regimens. CTCs can be used for monitoring patients during treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H A Broersen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Marlow R, Honeth G, Lombardi S, Cariati M, Hessey S, Pipili A, Mariotti V, Buchupalli B, Foster K, Bonnet D, Grigoriadis A, Rameshwar P, Purushotham A, Tutt A, Dontu G. A Novel Model of Dormancy for Bone Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6886-99. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nadal R, Lorente JA, Rosell R, Serrano MJ. Relevance of molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer in the era of targeted therapies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13:295-307. [PMID: 23570407 DOI: 10.1586/erm.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) technologies represents a valuable tool for the better understanding of tumor biology. The clinical relevance of CTCs as a prognostic factor is well established both in metastatic and early-stage breast cancer patients. The eradication or decrease of CTCs following treatment is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Because of the availability of novel cancer treatments that specifically target tumor cells underlying signaling pathways, molecular characterization of CTCs has strong potential to translate into personalized treatments. A handful of studies have explored relevant markers such as the estrogen and progesterone receptor, HER2 and EGF receptor. However, there is not a single validation of a molecular marker in CTCs that provides prognostic information or predicts response to cancer therapies. This review describes the latest results on the characterization of breast cancer CTCs with a focus on CTC biology and implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Nadal
- Hospital de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Babayan A, Hannemann J, Spötter J, Müller V, Pantel K, Joosse SA. Heterogeneity of estrogen receptor expression in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75038. [PMID: 24058649 PMCID: PMC3776726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endocrine treatment is the most preferable systemic treatment in metastatic breast cancer patients that have had an estrogen receptor (ER) positive primary tumor or metastatic lesions, however, approximately 20% of these patients do not benefit from the therapy and demonstrate further metastatic progress. One reason for failure of endocrine therapy might be the heterogeneity of ER expression in tumor cells spreading from the primary tumor to distant sites which is reflected in detectable circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Methods A sensitive and specific staining protocol for ER, keratin 8/18/19, CD45 was established. Peripheral blood from 35 metastatic breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors was tested for the presence of CTCs. Keratin 8/18/19 and DAPI positive but CD45 negative cells were classified as CTCs and evaluated for ER staining. Subsequently, eight individual CTCs from four index patients (2 CTCs per patient) were isolated and underwent whole genome amplification and ESR1 gene mutation analysis. Results CTCs were detected in blood of 16 from 35 analyzed patients (46%), with a median of 3 CTCs/7.5 ml. In total, ER-negative CTCs were detected in 11/16 (69%) of the CTC positive cases, including blood samples with only ER-negative CTCs (19%) and samples with both ER-positive and ER-negative CTCs (50%). No correlation was found between the intensity and/or percentage of ER staining in the primary tumor with the number and ER status of CTCs of the same patient. ESR1 gene mutations were not found. Conclusion CTCs frequently lack ER expression in metastatic breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors and show a considerable intra-patient heterogeneity, which may reflect a mechanism to escape endocrine therapy. Provided single cell analysis did not support a role of ESR1 mutations in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Babayan
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Spötter
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SAJ); (KP)
| | - Simon A. Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SAJ); (KP)
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Zhou Y, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW. Mapping biological behaviors by application of longer-lived positron emitting radionuclides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1098-111. [PMID: 23123291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the technological development of positron emission tomography (PET) and the advent of novel antibody-directed drug delivery systems, longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides are moving to the forefront to take important roles in tracking the distribution of biotherapeutics such as antibodies, and for monitoring biological processes and responses. Longer half-life radionuclides possess advantages of convenient on-site preparation procedures for both clinical and non-clinical applications. The suitability of the long half-life radionuclides for imaging intact monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their respective fragments, which have inherently long biological half-lives, has attracted increased interest in recent years. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent literature as it applies to the development of nine-selected longer-lived positron emitters with half-lives of 9-140h (e.g., (124)I, (64)Cu, (86)Y and (89)Zr), and describe the biological behaviors of radionuclide-labeled mAbs with respect to distribution and targeting characteristics, potential toxicities, biological applications, and clinical translation potentials.
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Key Words
- (124)I
- (64)Cu
- (86)Y
- (89)Zr
- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N″′-tetraacetic acid
- 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-1,4,7-triacetic acid
- 1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane-1,8-diamine
- 1-oxa-4,7,1-tetraazacyclododecane-5-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-4,7,10-triacetic acid
- 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]-pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-4-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-3,6,9-triacetic acid
- CHX-A″-DTPA
- DOTA
- DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide
- DOTATOC
- DTPA
- HPMA
- Immuno-PET
- Monoclonal antibodies
- N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide
- N-[R-2-amino-3-(p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid
- NOTA
- Oncology
- PIB
- PIP
- Radioimmunoimaging
- SATA
- SarAr
- bispecific monoclonal antibody
- bsMAb
- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- p-SCN-Bn-PCTA
- p-SCN-Bn-oxo-DO3A
- p-iodobenzoate
- para-iodophenyl
- succinimidyl acetylthioacetate
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Lianidou ES, Markou A, Strati A. Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: challenges and promises for individualized cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:663-71. [PMID: 22692478 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood testing using Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) has emerged as one of the hottest fields in cancer diagnosis. Research on CTCs present nowadays a challenge, as these cells are well defined targets for understanding tumour biology and improving cancer treatment. The presence of tumor cells in patient's bone marrow or peripheral blood is an early indicator of metastasis and may signal tumor spread sooner than clinical symptoms appear and imaging results confirm a poor prognosis. CTC enumeration can serve as a "liquid biopsy" and an early marker to assess response to systemic therapy. Definition of biomarkers based on comprehensive characterization of CTCs has a strong potential to be translated to individualized targeted treatments and spare breast cancer patients unnecessary and ineffective therapies but also to reduce the costs for the health system and to downsize the extent and length of clinical studies. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on the molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer and discuss challenges and promises of CTCs for individualized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Bednarz-Knoll N, Alix-Panabières C, Pantel K. Plasticity of disseminating cancer cells in patients with epithelial malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:673-87. [PMID: 22733306 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current models suggest that at a certain but yet undefined time point of tumour development malignant cells with an aggressive phenotype start to disseminate via the blood stream into distant organs. This invasive phenotype appears to be associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables detachment of tumour cells from a primary site and migration. The reverse process of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) might play a crucial role in the further steps of metastasis when circulating tumour cells (CTCs) settle down in distant organs and establish (micro-)metastasis. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms and interplay of EMT and MET are only partially understood and their relevance in cancer patients is unclear. Research groups have just started to apply EMT-related markers in their studies on CTCs in cancer patients. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the current state of investigations on CTCs in the context of research on EMT/MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bednarz-Knoll
- Department of Tumour Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Smerage JB, Budd GT, Doyle GV, Brown M, Paoletti C, Muniz M, Miller MC, Repollet MI, Chianese DA, Connelly MC, Terstappen LW, Hayes DF. Monitoring apoptosis and Bcl-2 on circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:680-92. [PMID: 23538216 PMCID: PMC5528485 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) from whole blood permits monitoring of patients with breast carcinoma. Analysis of apoptosis & Bcl-2 expression in CTC might add additional prognostic and predictive information. We estimated the degree of these markers in CTC from patients being treated for metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Eighty-three evaluable patients initiating a new therapy for metastatic breast cancer were enrolled. Whole blood was collected at baseline, at one of three short term time windows (24, 48, or 72 h) after initiating treatment, and at first follow-up (3-5 weeks). CTC were isolated, enumerated, and expression of M30 and Bcl2 was determined using the CellSearch(®) System. RESULTS At baseline, window, and 3-5 weeks post-treatment, 41/80 (51%), 40/80 (50%) and 21/75 (28%) patients had ≥5 CTC, respectively. At baseline, the proportion of CTC-apoptosis (M30) was inversely correlated with CTC number, and modestly inversely correlated with CTC-Bcl-2. As expected, higher CTC levels at baseline or first follow-up were associated with worse prognosis. Surprisingly, in patients with elevated CTC, higher levels of CTC-apoptosis were associated with worse prognosis, while higher CTC-Bcl-2 levels correlated with better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS CTC apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 can be analytically determined in patients with metastatic breast cancer and may have biological and clinical implications. Characterization of CTC for these and other markers could further increase the utility of CTC monitoring patients in clinical investigations of new anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Smerage
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - G. Thomas Budd
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | | | - Marty Brown
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Costanza Paoletti
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Maria Muniz
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel F. Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 6312 CCGC, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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The HER2 status of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of early breast cancer patients is independent from primary tumor and predicts higher risk of relapse. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:509-17. [PMID: 23494674 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2-receptor in early breast cancer (EBC) patients is associated with aggressive tumor behavior. However, women suffering from HER2-positive EBC benefit from trastuzumab treatment. As the HER2 status of the primary tumor may differ from that of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow (BM), the aim of this study was (1) to compare the HER2 status of the primary tumor (prim-HER2-status) with that of DTC (DTC-HER2-status) and (2) to analyze the influence of the DTC-HER2-status on patient survival. For this purpose, BM aspirates from 569 EBC patients were analyzed for the presence of DTC. The DTC-HER2-status was identified by a double-staining procedure against cytokeratin and the HER2-receptor. DTC were detected in 151 (27 %) patients. The concordance between the HER2 status of DTC and the primary tumor was 51 %. In patients with detectable DTC, mean disease-free survival was 77.44 (95 % CI 74.72-80.17) months for DTC-HER2-negative and 55.15 (95 % CI 48.57-61.79) months for DTC-HER2-positive patients (p = 0.044). The multivariate analysis showed that the DTC-HER2-status was an independent predictor of disease-free survival. In conclusion, the presence of HER2-positive DTC in EBC patients is associated with an increased risk of relapse. Due to the low concordance between the HER2 status of the primary tumor and DTC, only a minority (13 %) of the DTC-HER2-positive patients was treated with trastuzumab. These patients might, however, benefit from HER2-directed therapy.
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Disseminated tumour cells in the bone marrow in early breast cancer: morphological categories of immunocytochemically positive cells have different impact on clinical outcome. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:485-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hartkopf AD, Taran FA, Wallwiener M, Hagenbeck C, Melcher C, Krawczyk N, Hahn M, Wallwiener D, Fehm T. The presence and prognostic impact of apoptotic and nonapoptotic disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of primary breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R94. [PMID: 24099325 PMCID: PMC3978634 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant systemic therapy of primary breast cancer (PBC) patients offers the possibility to monitor treatment response. However, patients might have metastatic relapse despite achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR). This indicates that local response to therapy must not be representative for systemic treatment efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare local response with systemic tumor cell dissemination by determining the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), including apoptotic tumor cells, in the bone marrow (BM) of PBC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS DTCs were detected by immunocytochemistry (pancytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3) and cytomorphology (DTC status). The presence of apoptotic tumor cells was determined by using the M30 antibody (M30 status). This antibody detects a neo-epitope that is expressed only during early apoptosis. RESULTS BM aspirates from 400 PBC patients that had completed NACT were eligible for this study. Of these, 167 (42%) patients were DTC positive (DTC status). The M30 status was investigated in 308 patients. Apoptotic (M30-positive) tumor cells were detected in 89 (29%) of these. Whereas the DTC status was not correlated (P = 0.557) to local treatment response (that is, pCR or a clinical complete/partial response), the presence of M30-positive tumor cells was significantly higher in patients that responded to therapy (P = 0.026). Additionally, DTC-positive patients were at an increased risk for disease relapse (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.15; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION The presence of DTC is independent of therapy response of the primary tumor. As patients that are DTC positive after NACT have an unfavorable outcome, they might benefit from additional systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daniel Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Strasse 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Strasse 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagenbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carola Melcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalia Krawczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Strasse 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Strasse 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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The prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells in subtypes of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 137:503-10. [PMID: 23271327 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients is an independent marker of prognosis. This large prospective multicenter study aimed to assess the impact of CTCs on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with predefined molecular subgroups of MBC. To this end, 468 MBC patients were divided into three subgroups based on immunohistochemical staining of the primary tumor: (1) hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HorR+/HER2-), (2) HER2-positive (HER2+), and (3) HorR-negative/HER2-negative (HorR-/HER2-) patients. CTC status (<5 CTCs/7.5 ml blood (CTC-negative) vs. ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml blood (CTC-positive)) was determined using the CellCearch(®) system before patients started a new line of therapy. At baseline, 205 (42 %) patients were CTC-positive. On multivariate analysis, CTC-positivity was an independent prognostic factor for shorter PFS and OS. In HorR+/HER2- patients, median PFS [95 % CI] of CTC-negative versus CTC-positive patients was 8.60 [5.93-11.27] versus 4.33 [3.29-5.38] months (p < 0.001), in HER2+ patients 7.60 [5.40-9.79] versus 6.60 [4.20-9.00] months (p = 0.477) and in HorR-/HER2- patients 5.83 [5.09-6.78] versus 3.05 [1.81-4.29] months (p < 0.001), respectively. Median OS [95 % CI] of CTC-negative versus CTC-positive patients was as follows: not reached by either in the HorR+/HER2- subgroup (p < 0.001), not reached versus 18.07 [11.10-25.05] months (p = 0.001) in the HER2+ subgroup, and not reached versus 8.57 [4.07-13.07] months in the HorR-/HER2- subgroup (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results strongly confirm the independent prognostic value of CTC enumeration in MBC patients. In contrast to recent reports, there was no association between primary tumor-based molecular subgroups and the impact of CTC status on OS. Hence, CTC status may help to identify patients who require aggressive therapy, especially among those with triple-negative MBC.
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Androulakis N, Agelaki S, Perraki M, Apostolaki S, Bozionelou V, Pallis A, Kalbakis K, Xyrafas A, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V. Clinical relevance of circulating CK-19mRNA-positive tumour cells before front-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1917-25. [PMID: 22669159 PMCID: PMC3388568 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the clinical relevance of CK-19mRNA-positive circulating tumour cells (CTCs) detected before the initiation of front-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS The presence of CTCs was detected in 298 patients with MBC using a real-time PCR (RT-PCR assay. In 44 patients, the detection of CTCs was evaluated by both the CellSearch and the RT-PCR assay. Interaction with known prognostic factors and association of CTCs with clinical outcome were investigated. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between the detection of CTCs by both assays. CK-19mRNA-positive CTCs were detected in 201 (67%) patients and their detection was independent of various patients' clinico-pathological characteristics. The median progression-free survival (PFS; 9.2 vs 11.9 months (mo), P=0.003) and the overall survival (OS; 29.7 vs 38.9 mo, P=0.016) were significantly shorter in patients with detectable CK-19mRNA-positive CTCs compared with patients without detectable CTCs. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that oestrogen receptor status, performance status and detection of CTCs were emerged as independent prognostic factors associated with decreased PFS and OS. CONCLUSION The detection of CK-19mRNA-positive CTCs in patients with MBC before front-line therapy could define a subgroup of patients with dismal clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Androulakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Eckhardt BL, Francis PA, Parker BS, Anderson RL. Strategies for the discovery and development of therapies for metastatic breast cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:479-97. [PMID: 22653217 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all deaths caused by solid cancers occur as a result of metastasis--the formation of secondary tumours in distant organs such as the lungs, liver, brain and bone. A major obstruction to the development of drugs with anti-metastatic efficacy is our fragmented understanding of how tumours 'evolve' and metastasize, at both the biological and genetic levels. Furthermore, although there is significant overlap in the metastatic process among different types of cancer, there are also marked differences in the propensity to metastasize, the extent of metastasis, the sites to which the tumour metastasizes, the kinetics of the process and the mechanisms involved. Here, we consider the case of breast cancer, which has some marked distinguishing features compared with other types of cancer. Considerable progress has been made in the development of preclinical models and in the identification of relevant signalling pathways and genetic regulators of metastatic breast cancer, and we discuss how these might facilitate the development of novel targeted anti-metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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de Albuquerque A, Kaul S, Breier G, Krabisch P, Fersis N. Multimarker Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A Step Forward in Personalized Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:7-12. [PMID: 22553466 DOI: 10.1159/000336548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM: To develop an immunomagnetic assay for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) followed by the analysis of a multimarker panel, which will enable the characterization of these malignant cells with high accuracy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood (PB) was collected from 32 metastatic breast cancer patients and 42 negative controls. The antibodies BM7 and VU1D9 were used for immunomagnetic tumor cell enrichment. A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach for the markers KRT19, SCGB2A2, MUC1, EPCAM, BIRC5 and ERBB2 was used for CTC detection and characterization. RESULTS: THE POSITIVITY RATES FOR EACH MARKER WERE AS FOLLOWS: 46.9% for KRT19, 25.0% for SCGB2A2, 28.1% for MUC1, 28.1% for EPCAM, 21.9% for BIRC5, and 15.6% for ERBB2. After the creation of individualized cutoffs, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined marker gene panel increased to 56.3% and 100%, respectively. Interestingly, 27.0% of the HER2-negative tumor patients showed ERBB2 mRNA-positive CTCs. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique can be used to measure CTCs with great accuracy. The use of a multimarker panel for the characterization of CTCs may provide real-time information and be of great value in therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia de Albuquerque
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University of Dresden, Klinikum Chemnitz, Germany
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Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood as well as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients is associated with a worsened prognosis in the primary as well as in the metastatic situation. Next to their detection, evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) expression is a valuable feature of CTCs/DTCs. As the HER2 status may change during disease progression CTCs/DTCs might (1) characterize the phenotype of minimal residual disease in the adjuvant setting and (2) serve as a "real time biopsy" of metastatic breast cancer. Phenotyping of CTCs/DTCs will thus help to understand mechanism of resistance to HER2-directed therapy. Moreover, patients that are likely to benefit from HER2-directed therapy despite a HER2-negative primary tumor might be identified.
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Paterlini-Bréchot P. Organ-specific markers in circulating tumor cell screening: an early indicator of metastasis-capable malignancy. Future Oncol 2011; 7:849-71. [PMID: 21732757 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent an important biological link in the spread of primary solid tumors to the metastatic disease responsible for most cancer mortality. Their detection in the peripheral blood of patients with many different carcinomas has shown that tumor-cell dissemination can proceed at an early stage of tumor development and their presence is associated with poor clinical outcomes, particularly in metastatic disease. In this article we describe how the increasingly sensitive isolation and detailed molecular characterization of CTCs has greatly improved our understanding of metastatic proliferation. We focus on how CTC detection and knowledge of the molecular architecture of these cells can serve as biomarkers to signal metastasis-capable disseminating cells and predict therapy-specific response. This has marked clinical utility for improved selection of systemic therapies to the individual needs of a cancer patient, real-time monitoring of metastatic disease treatments and the development of new targeted therapies.
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Edry Botzer L, Maman S, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Nevo I, Bäuerle T, Yron I, Witz IP. Lung-residing metastatic and dormant neuroblastoma cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:524-36. [PMID: 21703429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which dormant tumor cells can begin growing after long periods of inactivity and accelerate disease recurrence is poorly understood. The present study characterizes dormant neuroblastoma (NB) cells, as well as metastatic cells, which reside in the same organ microenvironment. A xenograft model of human NB consisting of variants that generate nonmetastatic local tumors in the orthotopic inoculation site and variants that generate lung metastatic NB (MetNB) cells was developed in our laboratory. The present study shows that lungs of mice inoculated with nonmetastatic NB variants contain disseminated neuroblastoma (DisNB) human cells. Both DisNB and MetNB variants expressed a similar tumorigenicty phenotype in vivo, whereas the MetNB variants produced a heavy metastatic load and the DisNB variants produced no or little metastasis. A comparative in vitro characterization of MetNB and DisNB cells revealed similarities and differences. DisNB, but not MetNB cells, expressed the minimal residual disease markers PHOX2B and TH. MetNB cells demonstrated higher migratory capacity, an elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, and a higher constitutive phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) than DisNB cells. We suggest that characteristics common to both MetNB and DisNB cells were acquired relatively early in the metastatic process and the characteristics that differ between these variants were acquired later. We hypothesize that the DisNB cells are metastasis precursors, which may progress toward metastasis under certain microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Edry Botzer
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Voss MJ, Möller MF, Powe DG, Niggemann B, Zänker KS, Entschladen F. Luminal and basal-like breast cancer cells show increased migration induced by hypoxia, mediated by an autocrine mechanism. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:158. [PMID: 21535870 PMCID: PMC3114792 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some breast cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic treatment show increased metastases, possibly as a result of induced hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on tumor cell migration was assessed in selected luminal, post-EMT and basal-like breast carcinoma cell lines. Methods Migration was assessed in luminal (MCF-7), post-EMT (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S), and basal-like (MDA-MB-468) human breast carcinoma cell lines under normal and oxygen-deprived conditions, using a collagen-based assay. Cell proliferation was determined, secreted cytokine and chemokine levels were measured using flow-cytometry and a bead-based immunoassay, and the hypoxic genes HIF-1α and CA IX were assessed using PCR. The functional effect of tumor-cell conditioned medium on the migration of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) was tested. Results Hypoxia caused increased migratory activity but not proliferation in all tumor cell lines, involving the release and autocrine action of soluble mediators. Conditioned medium (CM) from hypoxic cells induced migration in normoxic cells. Hypoxia changed the profile of released inflammatory mediators according to cell type. Interleukin-8 was produced only by post-EMT and basal-like cell lines, regardless of hypoxia. MCP-1 was produced by MDA-MB-435 and -468 cells, whereas IL-6 was present only in MDA-MB-231. IL-2, TNF-α, and NGF production was stimulated by hypoxia in MCF-7 cells. CM from normoxic and hypoxic MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435S cells and hypoxic MCF-7 cells, but not MDA-MB-468, induced NG migration. Conclusions Hypoxia increases migration by the autocrine action of released signal substances in selected luminal and basal-like breast carcinoma cell lines which might explain why anti-angiogenic treatment can worsen clinical outcome in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Voss
- Institute of Immunology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str, 10, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Voss MJ, Möller MF, Powe DG, Niggemann B, Zänker KS, Entschladen F. Luminal and basal-like breast cancer cells show increased migration induced by hypoxia, mediated by an autocrine mechanism. BMC Cancer 2011. [PMID: 21535870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-1581471-2407-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some breast cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic treatment show increased metastases, possibly as a result of induced hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on tumor cell migration was assessed in selected luminal, post-EMT and basal-like breast carcinoma cell lines. METHODS Migration was assessed in luminal (MCF-7), post-EMT (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435S), and basal-like (MDA-MB-468) human breast carcinoma cell lines under normal and oxygen-deprived conditions, using a collagen-based assay. Cell proliferation was determined, secreted cytokine and chemokine levels were measured using flow-cytometry and a bead-based immunoassay, and the hypoxic genes HIF-1α and CA IX were assessed using PCR. The functional effect of tumor-cell conditioned medium on the migration of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) was tested. RESULTS Hypoxia caused increased migratory activity but not proliferation in all tumor cell lines, involving the release and autocrine action of soluble mediators. Conditioned medium (CM) from hypoxic cells induced migration in normoxic cells. Hypoxia changed the profile of released inflammatory mediators according to cell type. Interleukin-8 was produced only by post-EMT and basal-like cell lines, regardless of hypoxia. MCP-1 was produced by MDA-MB-435 and -468 cells, whereas IL-6 was present only in MDA-MB-231. IL-2, TNF-α, and NGF production was stimulated by hypoxia in MCF-7 cells. CM from normoxic and hypoxic MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435S cells and hypoxic MCF-7 cells, but not MDA-MB-468, induced NG migration. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia increases migration by the autocrine action of released signal substances in selected luminal and basal-like breast carcinoma cell lines which might explain why anti-angiogenic treatment can worsen clinical outcome in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Voss
- Institute of Immunology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str, 10, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Genetic factors in metastatic progression of cutaneous melanoma: the future role of circulating melanoma cells in prognosis and management. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:327-36. [PMID: 21311956 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The greatest potential for improvement of outcome for patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma lies in the prevention of systemic metastasis. Despite extensive investigation, current prognostic indicators either alone or in combination, although related to melanoma progression, are not sufficient to accurately predict the pattern of progression and outcome for any individual patient. Metastasis related death has been recorded in patients initially diagnosed with early stage tumour as well as in patients many years after initial tumour removal. The trouble finding a predictable pattern in the puzzle of melanoma progression may be linked to the fact that most of the material studied for prognosis is either, cutaneous primaries or metastatic deposits, rather than the melanoma cells in the circulatory system which are responsible for disease progression. In this review article we discuss the potential use of circulating tumour cell (CTC) detection and quantification for identifying patients at risk of metastatic deposits. We also discuss current therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and analyse how CTCs may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of current therapies and to pinpoint patients who require further treatment.
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Lianidou ES, Markou A. Circulating tumor cells as emerging tumor biomarkers in breast cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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