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Kim SH, Hahm ER, Singh SV. Forkhead Box Q1 is a novel regulator of autophagy in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1449-1459. [PMID: 37265428 PMCID: PMC10524720 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead Box Q1 (FoxQ1) transcription factor is overexpressed in luminal-type and basal-type human breast cancers when compared to normal mammary tissue. This transcription factor is best known for its role in promotion of breast cancer stem-like cells and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The present study documents a novel function of FoxQ1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of FoxQ1 in basal-like SUM159 cells and luminal-type MCF-7 cells resulted in increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta-I (LC3B-I) to LC3B-II, which is a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagy induction by FoxQ1 overexpression was confirmed by visualization of LC3B puncta as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Expression profiling for genes implicated in autophagy regulation revealed upregulation of many genes, including ATG4B, ATG16L1, CTSS, CXCR4 and so forth but downregulation of BCL2L1, DRAM1, TNF, ULK2 and so forth by FoxQ1 overexpression in SUM159 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed upregulation of ATG4B and CXCR4 proteins by FoxQ1 overexpression in both SUM159 and MCF-7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed recruitment of FoxQ1 at the promoter of ATG4B. Pharmacological inhibition of ATG4B using S130 significantly increased apoptosis induction by DOX in empty vector transfected as well as FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 and MCF-7 cells but this effect was statistically significantly lowered by FoxQ1 overexpression indicating the protective role of FoxQ1 on apoptosis. Treatment of SUM159 cells with S130 and DOX enhanced LC3B-II level in both empty vector transfected cells and FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 cells but not in FoxQ1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, FoxQ1 is a novel regulator of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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2
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Kumaki Y, Oda G, Ikeda S. Targeting MET Amplification: Opportunities and Obstacles in Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4552. [PMID: 37760522 PMCID: PMC10526812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The MET gene plays a vital role in cellular proliferation, earning it recognition as a principal oncogene. Therapies that target MET amplification have demonstrated promising results both in preclinical models and in specific clinical cases. A significant obstacle to these therapies is the ability to distinguish between focal amplification and polysomy, a task for which simple MET copy number measurement proves insufficient. To effectively differentiate between the two, it is crucial to utilize comparative measures, including in situ hybridization (ISH) with the centromere or next generation sequencing (NGS) with adjacent genes. Despite the promising potential of MET amplification treatment, the judicious selection of patients is paramount to maximize therapeutic efficacy. The effectiveness of MET inhibitors can fluctuate depending on the extent of MET amplification. Future research must seek to establish the ideal threshold value for MET amplification, identify the most efficacious combination therapies, and innovate new targeted treatments for patients exhibiting MET amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kumaki
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Goshi Oda
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Sadakatsu Ikeda
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Gunawardena K, Sirisena ND, Anandagoda G, Neththikumara N, Dissanayake VHW. Germline variants of uncertain significance, their frequency, and clinico-pathological features in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with hereditary breast cancer. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:95. [PMID: 37277882 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based testing in cancer patients has led to increased detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are genetic variants whose impact on protein function is unknown. VUS pose a challenge to clinicians and patients due to uncertainty regarding their cancer predisposition risk. Paucity of data exists on the pattern of VUS in under-represented populations. This study describes the frequency of germline VUS and clinico-pathological features in Sri Lankan hereditary breast cancer patients. METHODS Data of 72 hereditary breast cancer patients who underwent NGS-based testing between January 2015 and December 2021 were maintained prospectively in a database and analyzed retrospectively. Data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis and variants were classified according to international guidelines. RESULTS Germline variants were detected in 33/72(45.8%) patients, comprising 16(48.5%) pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 17(51.5%) VUS. Distribution of VUS in breast cancer predisposing genes were :APC:1(5.8%), ATM:2(11.7%), BRCA1:1(5.8%), BRCA2:5(29.4%), BRIP1:1(5.8%), CDKN2A:1(5.8%), CHEK2:2(11.7%), FANC1:1(5.8%), MET:1(5.8%), STK11:1(5.8%), NF2:1(5.8%). Mean age at cancer diagnosis in patients with VUS was 51.2 years. Most common tumour histopathology was ductal carcinoma 11(78.6%). 50% of tumours in patients having VUS in BRCA1/2 genes were hormone receptor negative. 73.3% patients had family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of patients had a germline VUS. Highest frequency was in BRCA2 gene. Majority had family history of breast cancer. This highlights the need to undertake functional genomic studies to determine the biological effects of VUS and identify potentially clinically actionable variants that would be useful for decision-making and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawmadi Gunawardena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Nirmala D Sirisena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
| | - Gayani Anandagoda
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilaksha Neththikumara
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
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Expression of c-MET in Estrogen Receptor Positive and HER2 Negative Resected Breast Cancer Correlated with a Poor Prognosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236987. [PMID: 36498560 PMCID: PMC9738605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) receptor is overexpressed in about 14−54% of invasive breast cancers, but its prognostic value in clinical practice is still unclear. Methods: In order to investigate the relationship between c-MET expression levels and prognosis, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and outcomes of 105 women with estrogen receptor positive HER2 negative (ER+/HER2-) resected breast cancer. We used the Kaplan Meier method to estimate Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Breast Cancer Specific Survival (BCSS) in the subgroups of patients with high (≥50%) and low (<50%) c-MET expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression models were performed to assess the prognostic impact of clinicopathological parameters for DFS an BCSS. Results: High c-MET values significantly correlated with tumor size, high Ki67 and low (<20%) progesterone receptor expression. At a median follow up of 60 months, patients with high c-MET tumor had significantly worse (p = 0.00026) and BCSS (p = 0.0013). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between large tumor size, elevated Ki67, c-MET values and increased risk of recurrence or death. The multivariate COX regression model showed that tumor size and high c-MET expression were independent predictors of DFS (p = 0.019 and p = 0.022). Moreover, large tumor size was associated with significantly higher risk of cancer related death at multivariate analysis (p = 0.017), while a trend towards a poorer survival was registered in the high c-MET levels cohort (p = 0.084). Conclusions: In our series, high c-MET expression correlated with poor survival outcomes. Further studies are warranted to validate the clinical relevance and applicability of c-MET as a prognostic factor in ER+/HER2- early BC.
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Alam MS, Sultana A, Sun H, Wu J, Guo F, Li Q, Ren H, Hao Z, Zhang Y, Wang G. Bioinformatics and network-based screening and discovery of potential molecular targets and small molecular drugs for breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942126. [PMID: 36204232 PMCID: PMC9531711 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of molecular targets of disease plays an important role in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in women worldwide. Thus, the objective of this study was to accurately identify a set of molecular targets and small molecular drugs that might be effective for BC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies, by using existing bioinformatics and network-based approaches. Nine gene expression profiles (GSE54002, GSE29431, GSE124646, GSE42568, GSE45827, GSE10810, GSE65216, GSE36295, and GSE109169) collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used for bioinformatics analysis in this study. Two packages, LIMMA and clusterProfiler, in R were used to identify overlapping differential expressed genes (oDEGs) and significant GO and KEGG enrichment terms. We constructed a PPI (protein–protein interaction) network through the STRING database and identified eight key genes (KGs) EGFR, FN1, EZH2, MET, CDK1, AURKA, TOP2A, and BIRC5 by using six topological measures, betweenness, closeness, eccentricity, degree, MCC, and MNC, in the Analyze Network tool in Cytoscape. Three online databases GSCALite, Network Analyst, and GEPIA were used to analyze drug enrichment, regulatory interaction networks, and gene expression levels of KGs. We checked the prognostic power of KGs through the prediction model using the popular machine learning algorithm support vector machine (SVM). We suggested four TFs (TP63, MYC, SOX2, and KDM5B) and four miRNAs (hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-34a-5p, hsa-mir-1-3p, and hsa-mir-23b-3p) as key transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators of KGs. Finally, we proposed 16 candidate repurposing drugs YM201636, masitinib, SB590885, GSK1070916, GSK2126458, ZSTK474, dasatinib, fedratinib, dabrafenib, methotrexate, trametinib, tubastatin A, BIX02189, CP466722, afatinib, and belinostat for BC through molecular docking analysis. Using BC cell lines, we validated that masitinib inhibits the mTOR signaling pathway and induces apoptotic cell death. Therefore, the proposed results might play an effective role in the treatment of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahin Alam
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adiba Sultana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zongbing Hao, ; Yi Zhang, ; Guanghui Wang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zongbing Hao, ; Yi Zhang, ; Guanghui Wang,
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zongbing Hao, ; Yi Zhang, ; Guanghui Wang,
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MET Oncogene Controls Invasive Growth by Coupling with NMDA Receptor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184408. [PMID: 36139568 PMCID: PMC9496780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The MET oncogene, encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor for a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), plays a key role in the onset and progression of aggressive forms of breast cancer. Recently, it was found that the glutamate receptor, which has a well-known role in the nervous system, is expressed in many types of tumors outside the nervous system and contributes to metastatic behavior in breast cancer cells. Here, we highlight that MET protein physically interacts with glutamate receptors in two highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines. HGF, which creates a supportive proinvasive microenvironment for the tumor cells, stabilizes this interaction. Pharmacological inhibition of glutamate receptors blunts the migration and invasion elicited by HGF, suggesting drug repurposing of glutamate receptor antagonists for anticancer therapy. Abstract The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a glutamate-gated ion channel involved in excitatory synaptic transmission. Outside the nervous system, the NMDAR is expressed in a variety of tissues and in cancers, notably in the highly invasive and metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma. MET encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor for HGF and is a master regulator gene for “invasive growth”. In silico analysis shows that high expression of the NMDAR2B subunit is a negative prognostic factor in human invasive breast carcinoma. Here, we show that in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines NMDAR2B and MET proteins are coexpressed. HGF stimulation of these cells is followed by autophosphorylation of the MET kinase and phosphorylation of the NMDAR2B subunit at tyrosines 1252 and 1474. MET and phosphorylated NMDAR2B are physically associated, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assays. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of NMDAR by MK801 and ifenprodil blunts the biological response to HGF. These results demonstrate the existence of a MET-NMDAR crosstalk driving the invasive program, paving the way for a new combinatorial therapy.
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Jones GS, Hoadley KA, Benefield H, Olsson LT, Hamilton AM, Bhattacharya A, Kirk EL, Tipaldos HJ, Fleming JM, Williams KP, Love MI, Nichols HB, Olshan AF, Troester MA. Racial differences in breast cancer outcomes by hepatocyte growth factor pathway expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:447-455. [PMID: 35034243 PMCID: PMC9380654 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black women have a 40% increased risk of breast cancer-related mortality. These outcome disparities may reflect differences in tumor pathways and a lack of targetable therapies for specific subtypes that are more common in Black women. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a targetable pathway that promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis, is associated with basal-like breast cancer, and is differentially expressed by race. This study assessed whether a 38-gene HGF expression signature is associated with recurrence and survival in Black and non-Black women. METHODS Study participants included 1957 invasive breast cancer cases from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. The HGF signature was evaluated in association with recurrence (n = 1251, 171 recurrences), overall, and breast cancer-specific mortality (n = 706, 190/328 breast cancer/overall deaths) using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Women with HGF-positive tumors had higher recurrence rates [HR 1.88, 95% CI (1.19, 2.98)], breast cancer-specific mortality [HR 1.90, 95% CI (1.26, 2.85)], and overall mortality [HR 1.69; 95% CI (1.17, 2.43)]. Among Black women, HGF positivity was significantly associated with higher 5-year rate of recurrence [HR 1.73; 95% CI (1.01, 2.99)], but this association was not significant in non-Black women [HR 1.68; 95% CI (0.72, 3.90)]. Among Black women, HGF-positive tumors had elevated breast cancer-specific mortality [HR 1.80, 95% CI (1.05, 3.09)], which was not significant in non-Black women [HR 1.52; 95% CI (0.78, 2.99)]. CONCLUSION This multi-gene HGF signature is a poor-prognosis feature for breast cancer and may identify patients who could benefit from HGF-targeted treatments, an unmet need for Black and triple-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gieira S Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Halei Benefield
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Linnea T Olsson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Alina M Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Heather J Tipaldos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
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Su Y, Santucci-Pereira J, Dang NM, Kanefsky J, Rahulkannan V, Hillegass M, Joshi S, Gurdogan H, Chen Z, Bessonneau V, Rudel R, Ser-Dolansky J, Schneider SS, Russo J. Effects of Pubertal Exposure to Butyl Benzyl Phthalate, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, and Zeranol on Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031398. [PMID: 35163327 PMCID: PMC8835802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)—including butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and zeranol (α-ZAL, referred to as ZAL hereafter)—can interfere with the endocrine system and produce adverse effects. It remains unclear whether pubertal exposure to low doses of BBP, PFOA, and ZAL has an impact on breast development and tumorigenesis. We exposed female Sprague Dawley rats to BBP, PFOA, or ZAL through gavage for 21 days, starting on day 21, and analyzed their endocrine organs, serum hormones, mammary glands, and transcriptomic profiles of the mammary glands at days 50 and 100. We also conducted a tumorigenesis study for rats treated with PFOA and ZAL using a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model. Our results demonstrated that pubertal exposure to BBP, PFOA, and ZAL affected endocrine organs and serum hormones, and induced phenotypic and transcriptomic changes. The exposure to PFOA + ZAL induced the most phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the mammary gland. PFOA + ZAL downregulated the expression of genes related to development at day 50, whereas it upregulated genes associated with tumorigenesis at day 100. PFOA + ZAL exposure also decreased rat mammary tumor latency, reduced the overall survival of rats after DMBA challenge, and affected the histopathology of mammary tumors. Therefore, our study suggests that exposure to low doses of EDCs during the pubertal period could induce changes in the endocrine system and mammary gland development in rats. The inhibition of mammary gland development by PFOA + ZAL might increase the risk of developing mammary tumors through activation of signaling pathways associated with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Su
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Santucci-Pereira
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Nhi M. Dang
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Joice Kanefsky
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Vishnuprabha Rahulkannan
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Meardey Hillegass
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Shalina Joshi
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Hafsa Gurdogan
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Zhen Chen
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Vincent Bessonneau
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA 02460, USA; (V.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ruthann Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA 02460, USA; (V.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Jennifer Ser-Dolansky
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, UMASS Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USA; (J.S.-D.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, UMASS Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USA; (J.S.-D.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Jose Russo
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; (J.S.-P.); (N.M.D.); (J.K.); (V.R.); (M.H.); (S.J.); (H.G.); (Z.C.); (J.R.)
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9
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Hu J, Lai Y, Huang H, Ramakrishnan S, Pan Y, Ma VWS, Cheuk W, So GYK, He Q, Geoffrey Lau C, Zhang L, Cho WCS, Chan KM, Wang X, Rebecca Chin Y. TCOF1 upregulation in triple-negative breast cancer promotes stemness and tumour growth and correlates with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:57-71. [PMID: 34718356 PMCID: PMC8727631 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. By performing multiomic profiling, we recently uncovered super-enhancer heterogeneity between breast cancer subtypes. Our data also revealed TCOF1 as a putative TNBC-specific super-enhancer-regulated gene. TCOF1 plays a critical role in craniofacial development but its function in cancer remains unclear. METHODS Overall survival and multivariant Cox regression analyses were conducted using the METABRIC data set. The effect of TCOF1 knockout on TNBC growth and stemness was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. RNA-seq and rescue experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS TCOF1 is frequently upregulated in TNBC and its elevated expression correlates with shorter overall survival. TCOF1 depletion significantly inhibits the growth and stemness of basal-like TNBC, but not of mesenchymal-like cells, highlighting the distinct molecular dependency in different TNBC subgroups. RNA-seq uncovers several stem cell molecules regulated by TCOF1. We further demonstrate that KIT is a downstream effector of TCOF1 in mediating TNBC stemness. TCOF1 expression in TNBC is regulated by the predicted super-enhancer. CONCLUSIONS TCOF1 depletion potently attenuates the growth and stemness of basal-like TNBC. Expression of TCOF1 may serve as a TNBC prognostic marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Hu
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuni Lai
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Huang
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yilin Pan
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Victor W S Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wah Cheuk
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Y K So
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qingling He
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C Geoffrey Lau
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Zhang
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Rebecca Chin
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Dass SA, Tan KL, Selva Rajan R, Mokhtar NF, Mohd Adzmi ER, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Tengku Din TADAA, Balakrishnan V. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Present and Future Diagnostic Modalities. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:62. [PMID: 33445543 PMCID: PMC7826673 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast type of cancer with no expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). It is a highly metastasized, heterogeneous disease that accounts for 10-15% of total breast cancer cases with a poor prognosis and high relapse rate within five years after treatment compared to non-TNBC cases. The diagnostic and subtyping of TNBC tumors are essential to determine the treatment alternatives and establish personalized, targeted medications for every TNBC individual. Currently, TNBC is diagnosed via a two-step procedure of imaging and immunohistochemistry (IHC), which are operator-dependent and potentially time-consuming. Therefore, there is a crucial need for the development of rapid and advanced technologies to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of TNBC. This review discusses the overview of breast cancer with emphasis on TNBC subtypes and the current diagnostic approaches of TNBC along with its challenges. Most importantly, we have presented several promising strategies that can be utilized as future TNBC diagnostic modalities and simultaneously enhance the efficacy of TNBC diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Kim Liu Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Rehasri Selva Rajan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokhtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (N.F.M.); (E.R.M.A.)
| | - Elis Rosliza Mohd Adzmi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (N.F.M.); (E.R.M.A.)
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani Tengku Din
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
- Chemical Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.A.D.); (K.L.T.); (R.S.R.)
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11
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Canonici A, Browne AL, Ibrahim MFK, Fanning KP, Roche S, Conlon NT, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Cremona M, Morgan C, Hennessy BT, Eustace AJ, Solca F, O’Donovan N, Crown J. Combined targeting EGFR and SRC as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919897546. [PMID: 32064003 PMCID: PMC6987485 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919897546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast
cancer with limited therapeutic options. Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) has been shown to be over-expressed in TNBC and represents a rational
treatment target. Methods: We examined single agent and combination effects for afatinib and dasatinib
in TNBC. We then determined IC50 and combination index values
using Calcusyn. Functional analysis of single and combination treatments was
performed using reverse phase protein array and cell cycle analysis.
Finally, we determined the anticancer effects of the combination in
vivo. Results: A total of 14 TNBC cell lines responded to afatinib with IC50
values ranging from 0.008 to 5.0 µM. Three cell lines, belonging to the
basal-like subtype of TNBC, were sensitive to afatinib. The addition of
afatinib enhanced response to the five other targeted therapies in HCC1937
and HDQP1 cells. The combination of afatinib with dasatinib caused the
greatest growth inhibition in both cell lines. The afatinib/dasatinib
combination was synergistic and/or additive in 13/14 TNBC cell lines.
Combined afatinib/dasatinib treatment induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Reverse
phase protein array results showed the afatinib/dasatinib combination
resulted in efficient inhibition of both pERK(T202/T204) and pAkt(S473)
signalling in BT20 cells, which was associated with the greatest
antiproliferative effects. High baseline levels of pSrc(Y416) and pMAPK(p38)
correlated with sensitivity to afatinib, whereas low levels of B-cell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) correlated with
synergistic growth inhibition by combined afatinib and dasatinib treatment.
In vivo, the combination treatment inhibited tumour
growth in a HCC1806 xenograft model. Conclusions: We demonstrate that afatinib combined with dasatinib has potential clinical
activity in TNBC but warrants further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canonici
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alacoque L. Browne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed F. K. Ibrahim
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Fanning
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Roche
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Clare Morgan
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | | | - Flavio Solca
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Norma O’Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent’s
University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Recent Advances in Nuclear Imaging of Receptor Expression to Guide Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101614. [PMID: 31652624 PMCID: PMC6826563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequent cancer in women with different patterns of disease progression and response to treatments. The identification of specific biomarkers for different breast cancer subtypes has allowed the development of novel targeting agents for imaging and therapy. To date, patient management depends on immunohistochemistry analysis of receptor status on bioptic samples. This approach is too invasive, and in some cases, not entirely representative of the disease. Nuclear imaging using receptor tracers may provide whole-body information and detect any changes of receptor expression during disease progression. Therefore, imaging is useful to guide clinicians to select the best treatments for each patient and to evaluate early response thus reducing unnecessary therapies. In this review, we focused on the development of novel tracers that are ongoing in preclinical and/or clinical studies as promising tools to lead treatment decisions for breast cancer management.
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13
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Kalapanida D, Zagouri F, Gazouli M, Tsiakou A, Zografos E, Dimitrakakis C, Marinopoulos S, Giannos A, Sergentanis TN, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Evaluation of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in triple-negative breast cancer: a case-control study. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4195-4202. [PMID: 31213837 PMCID: PMC6549390 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 as potential risk factor and/or prognostic markers in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: 114 samples of DNA from paraffin-embedded breast normal tissues of patients with TNBC and 124 samples of healthy controls were collected and analyzed for MET T1010I and MET rs40239 polymorphisms. Results: MET T1010I CT genotype was associated with increased risk of TNBC in both univariate and multivariate analysis. The status of rs40239 was not associated with a higher risk for TNBC at either the univariate or the multivariate analysis. None of the examined polymorphisms was associated with overall survival at the univariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis (adjusted HR=1.35, 95% CI: 0.31–5.97 for MET T1010I CT/TT vs CC; adjusted HR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.73–4.35 for rs40239 AG/GG vs AA). Conclusion: Our case–control study suggests that MET T1010I seems to be a risk factor for TNBC in the Caucasian Greek population, in contrast with MET rs40239, where no correlation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine and Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Tsiakou
- First Department of Dermatology, Syggros Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine and Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine Dimitrakakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Marinopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Giannos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Del Barco Barrantes I, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Slobodnyuk K, Igea A, Gregorio S, Gawrzak S, Gomis RR, Nebreda AR. Regulation of Mammary Luminal Cell Fate and Tumorigenesis by p38α. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:257-271. [PMID: 29290625 PMCID: PMC5768988 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary stem and progenitor cells are essential for mammary gland homeostasis and are also candidates for cells of origin of mammary tumors. Here, we have investigated the function of the protein kinase p38α in the mammary gland using mice that delete this protein in the luminal epithelial cells. We show that p38α regulates the fate of luminal progenitor cells through modulation of the transcription factor RUNX1, an important controller of the estrogen receptor-positive cell lineage. We also provide evidence that the regulation of RUNX1 by p38α probably involves the kinase MSK1, which phosphorylates histone H3 at the RUNX1 promoter. Moreover, using a mouse model for breast cancer initiated by luminal cells, we show that p38α downregulation in mammary epithelial cells reduces tumor burden, which correlates with decreased numbers of tumor-initiating cells. Collectively, our results define a key role for p38α in luminal progenitor cell fate that affects mammary tumor formation. Luminal progenitor cell fate in the mammary gland is regulated by p38α p38α controls the ER transcriptional program by modulating RUNX1 p38α regulates H3 phosphorylation at the RUNX1 promoter through the kinase MSK1 p38α promotes mammary tumorigenesis by maintaining luminal tumor-initiating cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Del Barco Barrantes
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin Slobodnyuk
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Igea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Gregorio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylwia Gawrzak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Zhao X, Qu J, Hui Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Yang Q, Wang F, Zhang S. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of c-Met overexpression in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56758-56767. [PMID: 28915628 PMCID: PMC5593599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Met has been shown to promote organ development and cancer progression in many cancers. However, clinicopathological and prognostic value of c-Met in breast cancer remains elusive. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies. Correlation of c-Met overexpression with survival data and clinicopathological features was analyzed by using hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and fixed-effect or random-effect model according to heterogeneity. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS 32 studies with 8281 patients were analyzed in total. The c-Met overexpression was related to poor OS (overall survival) (HR=1.65 (1.328, 2.051)) of 18 studies with 4751 patients and poor RFS/DFS (relapse/disease free survival) (HR=1.53 (1.20, 1.95)) of 12 studies with 3598 patients. Subgroup analysis according to data source/methods/ethnicity showed c-Met overexpression was related to worse OS and RFS/DFS in Given by author group, all methods group and non-Asian group respectively. Besides, c-Met overexpression was associated with large tumor size, high histologic grade and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that c-Met overexpression was connected with poor survival rates and malignant activities of cancer, including proliferation, migration and invasion, which highlighted the potential of c-Met as significant candidate biomarker to identify patients with breast cancer at high risk of tumor death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Hui
- The School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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16
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Pilotto S, Gkountakos A, Carbognin L, Scarpa A, Tortora G, Bria E. MET exon 14 juxtamembrane splicing mutations: clinical and therapeutical perspectives for cancer therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:2. [PMID: 28164087 PMCID: PMC5253296 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene plays crucial roles in cell growth and proliferation, survival and apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion, potentially conditioning the development and progression of the carcinogenesis process. The MET-associated aberrant signaling could be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, such as mutations, gene amplification, increased gene copy number and Met/HGF protein expression. Among the various MET alterations, MET exon 14 splicing abnormalities, causing the loss of the Met juxtamembrane (JM) domain, recently emerged as a new potential oncogenic driver and have been identified and validated across different cancer and histology subtypes. Moreover, this aberration was found to be mutually exclusive with other recognized drivers, thus strongly nominating its potential oncogenic role. Recently, the clinical activity of anti-Met-targeted therapy was demonstrated particularly in patients harboring MET exon 14 skipping lung cancer, resulting in a renewed enthusiasm to further test MET precision therapy in prospective trials. In this review, the key preclinical and clinical data regarding MET exon 14 skipping splicing variants as an actionable genomic aberration in cancer are described, and the perspectives deriving from the validation of such alteration as a potential target, which may further allow driving the therapeutic approach in this molecularly selected patients' subgroup, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pilotto
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Carbognin
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-NET Applied Research on Cancer Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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17
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Park K, Lee JH, Han HH, Mun SG, Kang S, Cha YJ, Koo JS, Kim MJ, Lee HS, Moon J, Cho NH. Nodal metastasis signatures in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 213:680-687. [PMID: 28476377 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular taxonomy of invasive breast cancer is based on heterogeneous histologic types, pathologic nodal (pN) stage remains one of the most important independent prognostic factors. Although node-positive number (NPN) has been widely as an accepted staging algorithm of pN stage, the node-positive ratio (NPR) in totally resected axillary nodes has been considered as another reasonable indicator. We aimed to identify signatures to play a predictive role in nodal metastasis for analytic validation between the primary breast cancers with positive node metastasis and those with negative node metastasis. We validated expression profiles of surrogate candidates extracted from the prior 2D MALDI-TOF data for invasive breast cancer using fluorescence/silver in situ hybridization (FISH/SISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 151 primary breast cancers accompanied with 102 metastatic nodal tissues. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses indicated that event factors (recurrence or metastasis) were significantly more frequent in cases with CCDN1, c-myc gene amplification, IgHA2 low expression. CCDN1 gene amplification (OR: 5.702, p=0.0006), IgHA2 low expression (OR: 0.16, p=0.0184) remained significant factors for events on multivariate analyses. WDR+/ERK++ was significantly detected in higher pN stage (averaging 6.5 regional nodes or 43% of NPR), while seldom found in pN0-1. In conclusion, both overexpression of WDR1 and p-ERK in the primary breast cancer could play a role in the nodal signature over pN2-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmee Park
- Dept of Pathology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyeong Mun
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jin Cha
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Seung Koo
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Dept of Pathology, Gacheon Medical University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Moon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Dept of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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18
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p53 deficiency induces cancer stem cell pool expansion in a mouse model of triple-negative breast tumors. Oncogene 2016; 36:2355-2365. [PMID: 27775073 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the expression of basal cell markers, no estrogen or progesterone receptor expression and a lack of HER2 overexpression. Triple-negative tumors often display activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and most have impaired p53 function. We studied the interplay between p53 loss and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in stem cell function and tumorigenesis, by deleting p53 from the mammary epithelium of K5ΔNβcat mice displaying a constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in basal cells. K5ΔNβcat transgenic mice present amplification of the basal stem cell pool and develop triple-negative mammary carcinomas. The loss of p53 in K5ΔNβcat mice led to an early expansion of mammary stem/progenitor cells and accelerated the formation of triple-negative tumors. In particular, p53-deficient tumors expressed high levels of integrins and extracellular matrix components and were enriched in cancer stem cells. They also overexpressed the tyrosine kinase receptor Met, a feature characteristic of human triple-negative breast tumors. The inhibition of Met kinase activity impaired tumorsphere formation, demonstrating the requirement of Met signaling for cancer stem cell growth in this model. Human basal-like breast cancers with predicted mutated p53 status had higher levels of MET expression than tumors with wild-type p53. These results connect p53 loss and β-catenin activation to stem cell regulation and tumorigenesis in triple-negative cancer and highlight the role of Met signaling in maintaining cancer stem cell properties, revealing new cues for targeted therapies.
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19
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Hu H, Luo ML, Desmedt C, Nabavi S, Yadegarynia S, Hong A, Konstantinopoulos PA, Gabrielson E, Hines-Boykin R, Pihan G, Yuan X, Sotiriou C, Dittmer DP, Fingeroth JD, Wulf GM. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Mammary Epithelial Cells Promotes Malignant Transformation. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:148-160. [PMID: 27333046 PMCID: PMC4972522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), promotes breast cancer remains controversial and a potential mechanism has remained elusive. Here we show that EBV can infect primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) that express the receptor CD21. EBV infection leads to the expansion of early MEC progenitor cells with a stem cell phenotype, activates MET signaling and enforces a differentiation block. When MECs were implanted as xenografts, EBV infection cooperated with activated Ras and accelerated the formation of breast cancer. Infection in EBV-related tumors was of a latency type II pattern, similar to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A human gene expression signature for MECs infected with EBV, termed EBVness, was associated with high grade, estrogen-receptor-negative status, p53 mutation and poor survival. In 11/33 EBVness-positive tumors, EBV-DNA was detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization for the viral LMP1 and BXLF2 genes. In an analysis of the TCGA breast cancer data EBVness correlated with the presence of the APOBEC mutational signature. We conclude that a contribution of EBV to breast cancer etiology is plausible, through a mechanism in which EBV infection predisposes mammary epithelial cells to malignant transformation, but is no longer required once malignant transformation has occurred.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cells, Cultured
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/transplantation
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/mortality
- Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Transcriptome
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Man-Li Luo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Boulevard de Waterloolaan, Bruxelles 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sheida Nabavi
- University of Connecticut, Computer Science and Engineering, 371 Fairfield Way, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Sina Yadegarynia
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Hong
- Massachusetts Institute for Technology, Department of Biology, USA
| | | | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rebecca Hines-Boykin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - German Pihan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Boulevard de Waterloolaan, Bruxelles 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joyce D Fingeroth
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Pfefferle AD, Agrawal YN, Koboldt DC, Kanchi KL, Herschkowitz JI, Mardis ER, Rosen JM, Perou CM. Genomic profiling of murine mammary tumors identifies potential personalized drug targets for p53-deficient mammary cancers. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:749-57. [PMID: 27149990 PMCID: PMC4958311 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against basal-like breast tumors, which are typically 'triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)', remain an important unmet clinical need. Somatic TP53 mutations are the most common genetic event in basal-like breast tumors and TNBC. To identify additional drivers and possible drug targets of this subtype, a comparative study between human and murine tumors was performed by utilizing a murine Trp53-null mammary transplant tumor model. We show that two subsets of murine Trp53-null mammary transplant tumors resemble aspects of the human basal-like subtype. DNA-microarray, whole-genome and exome-based sequencing approaches were used to interrogate the secondary genetic aberrations of these tumors, which were then compared to human basal-like tumors to identify conserved somatic genetic features. DNA copy-number variation produced the largest number of conserved candidate personalized drug targets. These candidates were filtered using a DNA-RNA Pearson correlation cut-off and a requirement that the gene was deemed essential in at least 5% of human breast cancer cell lines from an RNA-mediated interference screen database. Five potential personalized drug target genes, which were spontaneously amplified loci in both murine and human basal-like tumors, were identified: Cul4a, Lamp1, Met, Pnpla6 and Tubgcp3 As a proof of concept, inhibition of Met using crizotinib caused Met-amplified murine tumors to initially undergo complete regression. This study identifies Met as a promising drug target in a subset of murine Trp53-null tumors, thus identifying a potential shared driver with a subset of human basal-like breast cancers. Our results also highlight the importance of comparative genomic studies for discovering personalized drug targets and for providing a preclinical model for further investigations of key tumor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Pfefferle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yash N Agrawal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Krishna L Kanchi
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jason I Herschkowitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Arulappu A, Battle M, Eisenblaetter M, McRobbie G, Khan I, Monypenny J, Weitsman G, Galazi M, Hoppmann S, Gazinska P, Wulaningsih W, Dalsgaard GT, Macholl S, Ng T. c-Met PET Imaging Detects Early-Stage Locoregional Recurrence of Basal-Like Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:765-70. [PMID: 26635342 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Locoregional recurrence of breast cancer poses significant clinical problems because of frequent inoperability once the chest wall is involved. Early detection of recurrence by molecular imaging agents against therapeutically targetable receptors, such as c-Met, would be of potential benefit. The aim of this study was to assess (18)F-AH113804, a peptide-based molecular imaging agent with high affinity for human c-Met, for the detection of early-stage locoregional recurrence in a human basal-like breast cancer model, HCC1954. METHODS HCC1954 tumor-bearing xenograft models were established, and (18)F-AH113804 was administered. Distribution of radioactivity was determined via PET at 60 min after radiotracer injection. PET and CT images were acquired 10 d after tumor inoculation, to establish baseline distribution and uptake, and then on selected days after surgical tumor resection. CT images and caliper were used to determine the tumor volume. Radiotracer uptake was assessed by (18)F-AH113804 PET imaging. c-Met expression was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging of tumor samples and correlated with (18)F-AH113804 PET imaging results. RESULTS Baseline uptake of (18)F-AH113804, determined in tumor-bearing animals after 10 d, was approximately 2-fold higher in the tumor than in muscle tissue or the contralateral mammary fat pad. The tumor growth rate, determined from CT images, was comparable between the animals with recurrent tumors, with detection of tumors of low volume (<10 mm(3)) only possible by day 20 after tumor resection. (18)F-AH113804 PET detected local tumor recurrence as early as 6 d after surgery in the recurrent tumor-bearing animals and exhibited significantly higher (18)F-AH113804 uptake (in comparison to mammary fatty tissue), with a target-to-background (muscle) ratio of approximately 3:1 (P < 0.01). The c-Met expression of individual resected tumor samples, determined by immunofluorescence, correlated with the respective (18)F-AH113804 imaging signals (r = 0.82, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION (18)F-AH113804 PET provides a new diagnostic tool for the detection of c-Met-expressing primary tumor and has potential utility for the detection of locoregional recurrence from an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appitha Arulappu
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Battle
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Eisenblaetter
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Imtiaz Khan
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Weitsman
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myria Galazi
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrycja Gazinska
- Breast Cancer NOW Unit, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wulan Wulaningsih
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sven Macholl
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Amersham, United Kingdom Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom Breast Cancer NOW Unit, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Cozzo AJ, Sundaram S, Zattra O, Qin Y, Freemerman AJ, Essaid L, Darr DB, Montgomery SA, McNaughton KK, Ezzell JA, Galanko JA, Troester MA, Makowski L. cMET inhibitor crizotinib impairs angiogenesis and reduces tumor burden in the C3(1)-Tag model of basal-like breast cancer. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:348. [PMID: 27057482 PMCID: PMC4799044 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have associated obesity with increased risk of the aggressive basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through its receptor, cMET, is elevated in obesity and is a pro-tumorigenic pathway strongly associated with BBC. We previously reported that high fat diet (HFD) elevated HGF, cMET, and phospho-cMET in normal mammary gland, with accelerated tumor development, compared to low fat diet (LFD)-fed lean controls in a murine model of BBC. We also showed that weight loss resulted in a significant reversal of HFD-induced effects on latency and elevation of HGF/cMET signaling in normal mammary and cMET in normal mammary and tumors. Here, we sought to inhibit BBC tumor progression in LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice using a small molecule cMET inhibitor, and began crizotinib treatment (50 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage) upon identification of the first palpable tumor. We next investigated if administering crizotinib in a window prior to tumor development would inhibit or delay BBC tumorigenesis. Treatment: Crizotinib significantly reduced mean tumor burden by 27.96 and 37.29 %, and mean tumor vascularity by 35.04 and 33.52 %, in our LFD- and HFD-fed C3(1)-Tag BBC mice, respectively. Prevention: Crizotinib significantly accelerated primary tumor progression in both diet groups but had no effect on total tumor progression or total tumor burden. In sum, cMET inhibition by crizotinib limited tumor development and microvascular density in basal-like tumor-bearing mice but did not appear to be an effective preventive agent for BBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ottavia Zattra
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Alex J Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Luma Essaid
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Kirk K McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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23
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Yokdang N, Hatakeyama J, Wald JH, Simion C, Tellez JD, Chang DZ, Swamynathan MM, Chen M, Murphy WJ, Carraway Iii KL, Sweeney C. LRIG1 opposes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits invasion of basal-like breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2932-47. [PMID: 26387542 PMCID: PMC4805527 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LRIG1, a member of the LRIG family of transmembrane leucine rich repeat-containing proteins, is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and a tumor suppressor. LRIG1 expression is broadly decreased in human cancer and in breast cancer, low expression of LRIG1 has been linked to decreased relapse-free survival. Recently, low expression of LRIG1 was revealed to be an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis and death. These findings suggest that LRIG1 may oppose breast cancer cell motility and invasion, cellular processes which are fundamental to metastasis. However, very little is known of LRIG1 function in this regard. In this study, we demonstrate that LRIG1 is down-regulated during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that LRIG1 expression may represent a barrier to EMT. Indeed, depletion of endogenous LRIG1 in human mammary epithelial cells expands the stem cell population, augments mammosphere formation and accelerates EMT. Conversely, expression of LRIG1 in highly invasive Basal B breast cancer cells provokes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition accompanied by a dramatic suppression of tumorsphere formation and a striking loss of invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. LRIG1 expression perturbs multiple signaling pathways and represses markers and effectors of the mesenchymal state. Furthermore, LRIG1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells significantly slows their growth as tumors, providing the first in vivo evidence that LRIG1 functions as a growth suppressor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yokdang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J H Wald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Simion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J D Tellez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D Z Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M M Swamynathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K L Carraway Iii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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24
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Minuti G, Landi L. MET deregulation in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:181. [PMID: 26366398 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is an oncogene encoding for a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptor activated by the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). MET has a normal function in organ development during embryogenesis and in tissue homeostasis during adult life. Deregulation of HGF/MET signaling pathway is frequently observed in many cancer types, conferring invasive growth and tendency to progression. MET deregulation is due to gene amplification or increased copy number, gene mutation, receptor over-expression or ligand autocrine loops activation. These events lead to migration, invasion, proliferation, metastatic spread and neo-angiogenesis of cancer cells, suggesting that anti-HGF/MET agents may represent a potential antitumor strategy. In breast cancer (BC), preclinical and clinical data demonstrated the role of HGF/MET signalling pathway in carcinogenesis, disease progression and resistance features. METHODS For this review article, all published data on HGF/MET in BC were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Several evidences underline that, in early BC, MET over-expression has an independent negative prognostic significance, regardless of method used for evaluation and BC subtypes. Available data suggest that MET is a relevant target particularly in basal-like (BL) and in triple negative BC. Moreover, preclinical and retrospective data support the critical role of MET deregulation in the development of resistance to target-agents, such as anti-HER2 strategies. CONCLUSIONS MET is a promising new target in BC. Several anti-MET agents are under investigation and ongoing clinical trials will clarify its relevance in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Minuti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Livorno, Italy
| | - Lorenza Landi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Civil Hospital of Livorno, Livorno, Italy
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25
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Jagoda EM, Bhattacharyya S, Kalen J, Riffle L, Leeder A, Histed S, Williams M, Wong KJ, Xu B, Szajek LP, Elbuluk O, Cecchi F, Raffensperger K, Golla M, Bottaro DP, Choyke P. Imaging the Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Met) and Assessing Tumor Responses to a Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Human Xenograft Mouse Models with a [
99m
Tc] (AH-113018) or CY 5** (AH-112543) Labeled Peptide. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M. Jagoda
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Joseph Kalen
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Lisa Riffle
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Avrum Leeder
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Stephanie Histed
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Mark Williams
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Karen J. Wong
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Biying Xu
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Lawrence P. Szajek
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Osama Elbuluk
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Fabiola Cecchi
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Kristen Raffensperger
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Meghana Golla
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
| | - Peter Choyke
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD; ADRD, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Small Animal Imaging Program, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), Frederick, MD; Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD; PET Department, Clinical Center, NIH,
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Tervonen TA, Belitškin D, Pant SM, Englund JI, Marques E, Ala-Hongisto H, Nevalaita L, Sihto H, Heikkilä P, Leidenius M, Hewitson K, Ramachandra M, Moilanen A, Joensuu H, Kovanen PE, Poso A, Klefström J. Deregulated hepsin protease activity confers oncogenicity by concomitantly augmenting HGF/MET signalling and disrupting epithelial cohesion. Oncogene 2015; 35:1832-46. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Di-Cicco A, Petit V, Chiche A, Bresson L, Romagnoli M, Orian-Rousseau V, Vivanco MDM, Medina D, Faraldo MM, Glukhova MA, Deugnier MA. Paracrine Met signaling triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mammary luminal progenitors, affecting their fate. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26165517 PMCID: PMC4498445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HGF/Met signaling has recently been associated with basal-type breast cancers, which are thought to originate from progenitor cells residing in the luminal compartment of the mammary epithelium. We found that ICAM-1 efficiently marks mammary luminal progenitors comprising hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative cells, presumably ductal and alveolar progenitors. Both cell populations strongly express Met, while HGF is produced by stromal and basal myoepithelial cells. We show that persistent HGF treatment stimulates the clonogenic activity of ICAM1-positive luminal progenitors, controlling their survival and proliferation, and leads to the expression of basal cell characteristics, including stem cell potential. This is accompanied by the induction of Snai1 and Snai2, two major transcription factors triggering epithelial–mesenchymal transition, the repression of the luminal-regulatory genes Elf5 and Hey1, and claudin down-regulation. Our data strongly indicate that paracrine Met signaling can control the function of luminal progenitors and modulate their fate during mammary development and tumorigenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06104.001 Throughout the life of a female mammal, the mammary glands undergo different phases of development to prepare for, and adapt to, feeding offspring. Luminal cells line the inside of branch-like structures throughout the mammary gland and are responsible for producing milk. When the mammary gland grows, new luminal cells develop from a kind of cell called luminal progenitor cells. However, these progenitor cells are also thought to be the source of certain types of breast cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that luminal progenitor cells display a receptor protein called Met on their surface. When Met and ‘co-receptor’ proteins bind to a molecule called HGF, this triggers a cascade of signals that can cause certain cells to change their properties. This is known as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Although this transition is important for new tissues to develop, it can also result in cancerous tumors forming if it is not correctly controlled. Luminal cells do not produce HGF themselves, which suggests that Met signaling in these cells is triggered by the HGF released from neighboring cells. However, neither the mechanisms behind this signaling nor the effects of signaling on the luminal progenitor cells are well understood. Di-Cicco et al. set out to identify where Met, its co-receptors and HGF are located in the mouse mammary gland during different phases of development. This revealed that one of the co-receptors—called ICAM-1—can be used as a marker to identify certain types of luminal progenitor cell. Di-Cicco et al. found that these progenitor cells display Met on their surface, and other types of mammary cell—called stromal cells and myoepithelial cells—produce HGF. When exposed to HGF, luminal progenitor cells grown in culture in the laboratory proliferated and went through the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest that myoepithelial and stromal cells regulate luminal progenitor cells by producing HGF to activate Met signaling in these cells. Such interactions could be of great importance during mammary development and tumorigenesis. The next big challenge will be to determine the circumstances under which luminal progenitor cells stimulated by HGF can give rise to breast cancers. This work will allow us to better define the cell population that should be targeted by anti-cancer drugs. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06104.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Di-Cicco
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Chiche
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Bresson
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Romagnoli
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Deugnier
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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Li R, Knight JF, Park M, Pendergast AM. Abl Kinases Regulate HGF/Met Signaling Required for Epithelial Cell Scattering, Tubulogenesis and Motility. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124960. [PMID: 25946048 PMCID: PMC4422589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is crucial for normal development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of RTKs signaling is associated with diverse pathological conditions including cancer. The Met RTK is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and is dysregulated in numerous human tumors. Here we show that Abl family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, comprised of Abl (ABL1) and Arg (ABL2), are activated downstream of the Met receptor, and that inhibition of Abl kinases dramatically suppresses HGF-induced cell scattering and tubulogenesis. We uncover a critical role for Abl kinases in the regulation of HGF/Met-dependent RhoA activation and RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and actin cytoskeleton remodeling in epithelial cells. Moreover, treatment of breast cancer cells with Abl inhibitors markedly decreases Met-driven cell migration and invasion. Notably, expression of a transforming mutant of the Met receptor in the mouse mammary epithelium results in hyper-activation of both Abl and Arg kinases. Together these data demonstrate that Abl kinases link Met activation to Rho signaling and Abl kinases are required for Met-dependent cell scattering, tubulogenesis, migration, and invasion. Thus, inhibition of Abl kinases might be exploited for the treatment of cancers driven by hyperactivation of HGF/Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao H, Agazie YM. Inhibition of SHP2 in basal-like and triple-negative breast cells induces basal-to-luminal transition, hormone dependency, and sensitivity to anti-hormone treatment. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 25885600 PMCID: PMC4359540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a positive effector of cell growth and survival signaling as well transformation induced by multiple tyrosine kinase oncogenes. Since the basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer (BTBC) is characterized by dysregulation of multiple tyrosine kinase oncogenes, we wanted to determine the importance of SHP2 in BTBC cell lines. Methods Short hairpin RNA-based and dominant-negative expression-based SHP2 inhibition techniques were used to interrogate the functional importance of SHP2 in BTBC cell biology. In addition, cell viability and proliferation assays were used to determine hormone dependency for growth and sensitivity to anti-estrogen treatment. Results We show that inhibition of SHP2 in BTBC cells induces luminal-like epithelial morphology while suppressing the mesenchymal and invasive property. We have termed this process as basal-to-luminal transition (BLT). The occurrence of BLT was confirmed by the loss of the basal marker alpha smooth muscle actin and the acquisition of the luminal marker cytokeratin 18 (CK18) expression. Furthermore, the occurrence of BLT led to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression, hormone dependency, and sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. Conclusions Our data show that inhibition of SHP2 induces BLT, ERα expression, dependency on estrogen for growth, and sensitivity to anti-hormone therapy. Therefore, inhibition of SHP2 may provide a therapeutic benefit in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and The Marry Babb Randolph Cancer Center School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Yehenew M Agazie
- Department of Biochemistry and The Marry Babb Randolph Cancer Center School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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30
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Verma N, Keinan O, Selitrennik M, Karn T, Filipits M, Lev S. PYK2 sustains endosomal-derived receptor signalling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6064. [PMID: 25648557 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central developmental process implicated in cancer metastasis. Here we show that the tyrosine kinase PYK2 enhances cell migration and invasion and potentiates EMT in human breast carcinoma. EMT inducer, such as EGF, induces rapid phosphorylation of PYK2 and its translocation to early endosomes where it co-localizes with EGFR and sustains its downstream signals. Furthermore, PYK2 enhances EGF-induced STAT3-phosphorylation, while phospho-STAT3 directly binds to PYK2 promoter and regulates PYK2 transcription. STAT3 and PYK2 also enhance c-Met expression, while c-Met augments their phosphorylation, suggesting a positive feedback loop between PYK2-STAT3-c-Met. We propose that PYK2 sustains endosomal-derived receptor signalling and participates in a positive feedback that links cell surface receptor(s) to transcription factor(s) activation, thereby prolonging signalling duration and potentiating EMT. Given the role of EMT in breast cancer metastasis, we also found a significant correlation between PYK2 expression, tumour grade and lymph node metastasis, thus, demonstrating the clinicopathological implication of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Verma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Selitrennik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Filipits
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sima Lev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Noble M, Mayer-Pröschel M, Li Z, Dong T, Cui W, Pröschel C, Ambeskovic I, Dietrich J, Han R, Yang YM, Folts C, Stripay J, Chen HY, Stevens BM. Redox biology in normal cells and cancer: restoring function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway in cancer cells offers new approaches to cancer treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:300-23. [PMID: 25481740 PMCID: PMC10173888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses a unique discovery path starting with novel findings on redox regulation of precursor cell and signaling pathway function and identification of a new mechanism by which relatively small changes in redox status can control entire signaling networks that regulate self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. The pathway central to this work, the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl (RFC) pathway, converts small increases in oxidative status to pan-activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase, which controls multiple receptors and other proteins of central importance in precursor cell and cancer cell function. Integration of work on the RFC pathway with attempts to understand how treatment with systemic chemotherapy causes neurological problems led to the discovery that glioblastomas (GBMs) and basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) inhibit c-Cbl function through altered utilization of the cytoskeletal regulators Cool-1/βpix and Cdc42, respectively. Inhibition of these proteins to restore normal c-Cbl function suppresses cancer cell division, increases sensitivity to chemotherapy, disrupts tumor-initiating cell (TIC) activity in GBMs and BLBCs, controls multiple critical TIC regulators, and also allows targeting of non-TICs. Moreover, these manipulations do not increase chemosensitivity or suppress division of nontransformed cells. Restoration of normal c-Cbl function also allows more effective harnessing of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-independent activities of tamoxifen to activate the RFC pathway and target ERα-negative cancer cells. Our work thus provides a discovery strategy that reveals mechanisms and therapeutic targets that cannot be deduced by standard genetics analyses, which fail to reveal the metabolic information, isoform shifts, protein activation, protein complexes, and protein degradation critical to our discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Margot Mayer-Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410W 10th Avenue, E403 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA.
| | - Tiefei Dong
- University of Michigan Tech Transfer, 1600 Huron Pkwy, 2nd Floor, Building 520, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2590, USA.
| | - Wanchang Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,10 South Pine Street, MSTF Room 600, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Christoph Pröschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Ibro Ambeskovic
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Joerg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ruolan Han
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Yin Miranda Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Christopher Folts
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Jennifer Stripay
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and University of Rochester Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology 240 Longwood Avenue Building C1, Room 513B Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brett M Stevens
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Campus Box F754-AMCA, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Jagoda EM, Bhattacharyya S, Kalen J, Riffle L, Leeder A, Histed S, Williams M, Wong KJ, Xu B, Szajek LP, Elbuluk O, Cecchi F, Raffensperger K, Golla M, Bottaro DP, Choyke P. Imaging the Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Met) and Assessing Tumor Responses to a Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Human Xenograft Mouse Models with a [99mTc] (AH-113018) or Cy 5** (AH-112543) Labeled Peptide. Mol Imaging 2015; 14:499-515. [PMID: 26461980 PMCID: PMC7709139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an imaging agent targeting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor protein (Met) status of cancerous lesions would aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of Met-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A peptide targeting Met labeled with [(99m)Tc] had high affinity in vitro (Kd = 3.3 nM) and detected relative changes in Met in human cancer cell lines. In vivo [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide (AH-113018) was retained in Met-expressing tumors, and high-expressing Met tumors (MKN-45) were easily visualized and quantitated using single-photon emission computed tomography or optical imaging. In further studies, MKN-45 mouse xenografts treated with PHA 665752 (Met TKI) or vehicle were monitored weekly for tumor responses by [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide imaging and measurement of tumor volumes. Tumor uptake of [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide was significantly decreased as early as 1 week after PHA 665752 treatment, corresponding to decreases in tumor volumes. These results were comparable to Cy5**-Met peptide (AH-112543) fluorescence imaging using the same treatment model. [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide tumor uptake was further validated by histologic (necrosis, apoptosis) and immunoassay (total Met, p Met, and plasma shed Met) assessments in imaged and nonimaged cohorts. These data suggest that [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide imaging may have clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring applications.
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Sundaram S, Freemerman AJ, Galanko JA, McNaughton KK, Bendt KM, Darr DB, Troester MA, Makowski L. Obesity-mediated regulation of HGF/c-Met is associated with reduced basal-like breast cancer latency in parous mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111394. [PMID: 25354395 PMCID: PMC4213021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that pregnancy reduces breast cancer risk, but this lacks consideration of breast cancer subtypes. While a full term pregnancy reduces risk for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and luminal breast cancers, parity is associated with increased risk of basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Basal-like subtypes represent less than 10% of breast cancers and are highly aggressive, affecting primarily young, African American women. Our previous work demonstrated that high fat diet-induced obesity in nulliparous mice significantly blunted latency in C3(1)-TAg mice, a model of BBC, potentially through the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met oncogenic pathway. Experimental studies have examined parity and obesity individually, but to date, the joint effects of parity and obesity have not been studied. We investigated the role of obesity in parous mice on BBC. Parity alone dramatically blunted tumor latency compared to nulliparous controls with no effects on tumor number or growth, while obesity had only a minor role in further reducing latency. Obesity-associated metabolic mediators and hormones such as insulin, estrogen, and progesterone were not significantly regulated by obesity. Plasma IL-6 was also significantly elevated by obesity in parous mice. We have previously reported a potential role for stromal-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) via its cognate receptor c-Met in the etiology of obesity-induced BBC tumor onset and in both human and murine primary coculture models of BBC-aggressiveness. Obesity-associated c-Met concentrations were 2.5-fold greater in normal mammary glands of parous mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that, parity in C3(1)-TAg mice dramatically reduced BBC latency compared to nulliparous mice. In parous mice, c-Met is regulated by obesity in unaffected mammary gland and is associated with tumor onset. C3(1)-TAg mice recapitulate epidemiologic findings such that parity drives increased BBC risk and potential microenvironmental alterations in c-Met signaling may play a role in etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Galanko
- UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kirk K. McNaughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katharine M. Bendt
- Mouse Phase I Unit, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David B. Darr
- Mouse Phase I Unit, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liza Makowski
- UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Sohn J, Liu S, Parinyanitikul N, Lee J, Hortobagyi GN, Mills GB, Ueno NT, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. cMET Activation and EGFR-Directed Therapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2014; 5:745-53. [PMID: 25368674 PMCID: PMC4216798 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: EGFR expression and pathway activation are common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, anti-EGFR therapies have not been effective in these patients. We aimed to study the efficacy of targeting MET in overcoming resistance to EGFR therapy in TNBC cell lines. Methods: TNBC lines (MDA-MB-468, HCC-1395, and MDA-MB-231), and a hormone receptor-positive breast cancer line (T47D) were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Lines were then treated with different concentrations of EGFR inhibitors (gefitinib or cetuximab), with or without a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EMD 1214063). Proliferation was measured by MTS assay, in soft agar and with a matrigel assay. Synergy was measured with Calcusyn. Protein expression and signaling were examined with immunoblotting. Results: There was activation of ligand-receptor-downstream signaling pathways in MDA-MB-468 and HCC-1395 upon stimulation with EGF and HGF. In these cell lines, we observed synergism when combining EGFR and MET inhibitors. These results were observed across assays. In western blotting, combination therapy resulted in abrogation of pAKT and pMAPK while monotherapy did not. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that dual EGFR/MET inhibition is synergistic in TNBC. Targeting both EGFR and MET receptors may provide an effective therapeutic strategy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyuk Sohn
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; 2. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Breast Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shuying Liu
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jangsoon Lee
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- 3. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- 1. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; 3. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Papa A, Caruso D, Tomao S, Rossi L, Zaccarelli E, Tomao F. Triple-negative breast cancer: investigating potential molecular therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:55-75. [PMID: 25307277 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.970176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up about 10 - 20% of all breast cancers and the lack of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/Neu expression is responsible for poor prognosis, no targeted therapies and trouble in the clinical management. Tumor heterogeneity, also within the same tumor, is a major cause for this difficulty. Based on the introduction of new biological drugs against different kinds of tumor, many efforts have been made for classification of genetic alterations present in TNBC, leading to the identification of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. AREAS COVERED In this review we investigated the molecular alteration present in TNBC which could lead to the creation of new targeted therapies in the future, with the aim to counteract this disease in the most effective way. EXPERT OPINION In this context some hormone receptors like G-protein-coupled receptor 30 and androgen receptors may be a fascinating area to investigate; also, angiogenesis, represented not only by the classical VEGF/VEGFR relationship, but also by other molecules, like semaphorins, fibroblast growth factor and heparin-binding-EGF-like, is a mechanism in which new developments are expected. In this perspective, one technique that may show promise is the gene therapy; in particular the gene transfer could correct abnormal genetic function in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Papa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Oncology Unit - ICOT, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, Department of medico-surgical sciences and biotechnologies , Latina , Italy +3907736513342 ;
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Sylvester PW. Targeting met mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the treatment of breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:30. [PMID: 26932375 PMCID: PMC4883993 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (Met) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell malignant progression. Met is activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF-dependent Met activation plays an important role in stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The HGF/Met axis has thus attracted great interest as a potential target in the development of novel cancer therapies. In an effort to suppress tumor cell malignant progression, efforts have been made to develop agents capable of inhibiting inhibit Met-induced EMT, including specific Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HGF antagonists that interfere with HGF binding to Met, and antibodies that prevent Met activation and/or dimerization. Tocotrienols, a subgroup within the vitamin E family of compounds, display potent anticancer activity that results, at least in part, from inhibition of HGF-dependent Met activation and signaling. The present review will provide a brief summary of the increasing importance of the HGF/Met axis as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy and the role of tocotrienols in suppressing Met activation, signaling and HGF-induced EMT in breast cancer cells. Evidence provided suggests that γ-tocotrienol therapy may afford significant benefit in the treatment of breast cancers characterized by Met dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Sylvester
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, 71209-0470, LA, USA.
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Gaule PB, Crown J, O'Donovan N, Duffy MJ. cMET in triple-negative breast cancer: is it a therapeutic target for this subset of breast cancer patients? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:999-1009. [PMID: 25084805 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.938050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification and validation of a targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently one of the most urgent needs in breast cancer therapeutics. The cMET oncogene encodes a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase implicated in the formation and/or progression of several cancer types, including TNBC. Currently, inhibitors targeting cMET are undergoing clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including TNBC. These include anti-cMET and anti-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the structure and mode of action of cMET, the role of cMET in cancer formation/development, with particular emphasis on its role in basal/TNBC and its potential as a therapeutic target for this subtype of breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Due to cancer heterogeneity, it is unlikely that all TNBC patients will be responsive to anti-cMET drugs. Therefore, if cMET is to be used as a target for treatment, it will be important to identify predictive biomarkers to select, upfront, those patients likely to benefit. Potential predictive biomarkers for anti-cMET treatments in basal/TNBC include cMET, phospho-cMET, downstream signaling proteins or HGF. These putative predictive biomarkers should be evaluated in a large panel of basal/TNBC cell lines before incorporation into clinical trials involving anti-cMET drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B Gaule
- Dublin City University, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin 9 , Ireland +00353 1 7007497 ; +00353 1 7005484 ;
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Analysis of MET genetic aberrations in patients with breast cancer at MD Anderson Phase I unit. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:468-74. [PMID: 25065564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose phosphorylation activates important proliferation pathways. MET amplification and mutation have been described in various malignancies, including breast cancer (BC), and c-MET overexpression is associated with worse survival outcomes in patients with BC. We describe MET mutation and amplification rates in a BC cohort of patients referred to a Phase I Unit. METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients with advanced BC tested for MET amplification, mutation, or both who were referred to the Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics at MD Anderson. RESULTS A total of 107 patients with advanced BC were analyzed for MET mutation/variant (88 patients) or amplification (63 patients). Of these, 49 were tested for both genetic abnormalities. Three of 63 patients (4.7%) demonstrated MET gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (2 in primary tissue; 1 in metastatic site). MET mutation/variant was detected in 8 of 88 patients (9%). High-grade tumors were characteristic of all patients harboring MET amplification and were present in 7 of 8 (87.5%) of those with MET mutation. Metastatic sites were greater in MET-amplified compared with wild-type patients (median of 7 vs. 3 sites). Five of 8 patients (62.5%) with MET mutations had triple negative BC compared with 46% in controls. In addition, patients with positive test results for MET aberrations (n = 11) had inferior overall survival (OS) from Phase I consult compared with wild-type patients (n = 37), although this was not statistically significant (median OS = 9 vs. 15 months, P = .43). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with BC who were referred to our Phase I Department, MET aberrations were associated with higher metastatic burden and high-grade histology. We could not demonstrate differences in survival outcomes because of a small sample size.
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Kluth M, Reynolds K, Rink M, Chun F, Dahlem R, Fisch M, Höppner W, Wagner W, Doh O, Terracciano L, Simon R, Sauter G, Minner S. Reduced membranous MET expression is linked to bladder cancer progression. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:147-52. [PMID: 24853099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The MET protein is involved in the malignant progression of different tumors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of MET expression with tumor phenotype and clinical outcome in bladder cancer and the role of gene amplification for MET overexpression. A bladder cancer tissue microarray containing 686 bladder cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. MET immunostaining was seen in normal urothelium and was recorded in 459 of 560 analyzable urothelial carcinomas (82.0%). Low MET staining was associated with a more unfavorable tumor phenotype. MET staining was seen in 89.8% of 266 pTa, 81.1% of 132 pT1, and 69.4% of 160 pT2-4 cancers (P < 0.0001). MET staining was detectable in 92.4% of 66 grade 1, 85.6% of 257 grade 2, and 75.1% of 237 grade 3 cancers (P = 0.001). MET expression status was not associated with overall or tumor-specific survival in muscle-invasive cancers (pT2-4), tumor progression in pT1 cancers, or recurrences in pTa tumors. Only four of the analyzed tumors (0.8%) showed amplification of the MET gene. We conclude that MET is not overexpressed in urothelial cancer but rather downregulated in a fraction of cancers. Accordingly, rare amplification of the genomic area including the MET gene was not associated with MET protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Reynolds
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Chun
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Dahlem
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Höppner
- Department of Urology, Clinical Center Itzehoe, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Walter Wagner
- Department of Urology, German Armed Forces Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ousman Doh
- Department of Urology, Regio Clinic Wedel, Wedel, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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40
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Tilch E, Seidens T, Cocciardi S, Reid LE, Byrne D, Simpson PT, Vargas AC, Cummings MC, Fox SB, Lakhani SR, Chenevix Trench G. Mutations in EGFR, BRAF and RAS are rare in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers from Caucasian women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 143:385-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Holland JD, Györffy B, Vogel R, Eckert K, Valenti G, Fang L, Lohneis P, Elezkurtaj S, Ziebold U, Birchmeier W. Combined Wnt/β-catenin, Met, and CXCL12/CXCR4 signals characterize basal breast cancer and predict disease outcome. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1214-27. [PMID: 24290754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis for patients with estrogen-receptor (ER)-negative basal breast cancer is poor, and chemotherapy is currently the best therapeutic option. We have generated a compound-mutant mouse model combining the activation of β-catenin and HGF (Wnt-Met signaling), which produced rapidly growing basal mammary gland tumors. We identified the chemokine system CXCL12/CXCR4 as a crucial driver of Wnt-Met tumors, given that compound-mutant mice also deficient in the CXCR4 gene were tumor resistant. Wnt-Met activation rapidly expanded a population of cancer-propagating cells, in which the two signaling systems control different functions, self-renewal and differentiation. Molecular therapy targeting Wnt, Met, and CXCR4 in mice significantly delayed tumor development. The expression of a Wnt-Met 322 gene signature was found to be predictive of poor survival of human patients with ER-negative breast cancers. Thus, targeting CXCR4 and its upstream activators, Wnt and Met, might provide an efficient strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane D Holland
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Balázs Györffy
- Research Laboratory of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Bókay u. 53-54, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Pathology, Charité Medical University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Vogel
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Eckert
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology (EPO), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13122 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohneis
- Institute for Pathology, Charité Medical University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institute for Pathology, Charité Medical University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ziebold
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Department of Cancer Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Kim YJ, Choi JS, Seo J, Song JY, Eun Lee S, Kwon MJ, Kwon MJ, Kundu J, Jung K, Oh E, Shin YK, Choi YL. MET is a potential target for use in combination therapy with EGFR inhibition in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2424-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Choi
- Department of Pathology; Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University; Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Jinwon Seo
- Department of Pathology; Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology; Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Juthika Kundu
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Jung
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea
- Department of Pathology; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Won JR, Gao D, Chow C, Cheng J, Lau SYH, Ellis MJ, Perou CM, Bernard PS, Nielsen TO. A survey of immunohistochemical biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer against a gene expression profile gold standard. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:1438-50. [PMID: 23702728 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling of breast cancer delineates a particularly aggressive subtype referred to as 'basal-like', which comprises ∼15% of all breast cancers, afflicts younger women and is refractory to endocrine and anti-HER2 therapies. Immunohistochemical surrogate definitions for basal-like breast cancer, such as the clinical ER/PR/HER2 triple-negative phenotype and models incorporating positive expression for CK5 (CK5/6) and/or EGFR are heavily cited. However, many additional biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer have been described in the literature. A parallel comparison of 46 proposed immunohistochemical biomarkers of basal-like breast cancer was performed against a gene expression profile gold standard on a tissue microarray containing 42 basal-like and 80 non-basal-like breast cancer cases. Ki67 and PPH3 were the most sensitive biomarkers (both 92%) positively expressed in the basal-like subtype, whereas CK14, IMP3 and NGFR were the most specific (100%). Among biomarkers surveyed, loss of INPP4B (a negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol signaling) was 61% sensitive and 99% specific with the highest odds ratio (OR) at 108, indicating the strongest association with basal-like breast cancer. Expression of nestin, a common marker of neural progenitor cells that is also associated with the triple-negative/basal-like phenotype and poor breast cancer prognosis, possessed the second highest OR at 29 among the 46 biomarkers surveyed, as well as 54% sensitivity and 96% specificity. As a positively expressed biomarker, nestin possesses technical advantages over INPP4B that make it a more ideal biomarker for identification of basal-like breast cancer. The comprehensive immunohistochemical biomarker survey presented in this study is a necessary step for determining an optimized surrogate immunopanel that best defines basal-like breast cancer in a practical and clinically accessible way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Won
- 1] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada [2] Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ho-Yen CM, Green AR, Rakha EA, Brentnall AR, Ellis IO, Kermorgant S, Jones JL. C-Met in invasive breast cancer. Cancer 2013; 120:163-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colan M. Ho-Yen
- Centre for Tumour Biology; Barts Cancer Institute; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Green
- The Breast Unit; Department of Histopathology; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- The Breast Unit; Department of Histopathology; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Adam R. Brentnall
- Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine; Epidemiology and Statistics; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- The Breast Unit; Department of Histopathology; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Kermorgant
- Centre for Tumour Biology; Barts Cancer Institute; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London United Kingdom
| | - J. L. Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology; Barts Cancer Institute; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London United Kingdom
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45
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Ayoub NM, Akl MR, Sylvester PW. Combined γ-tocotrienol and Met inhibitor treatment suppresses mammary cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:538-53. [PMID: 24033536 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulation of Met signalling is associated with malignant transformation. Combined treatment has been shown to reduce Met activation and mammary tumour cell proliferation. Experiments here, were conducted to determine mechanisms involved in mediating anti-cancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol and SU11274 (Met inhibitor) treatment in various mammary cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment effects on mouse (+SA) and human (MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231) mammary cancer cell lines, and normal mouse (CL-S1) and human (MCF10A) mammary epithelial cell lines were compared. Cell proliferation and survival were determined by MTT assay and Ki-67 staining; protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was also used to characterize expression and localization of multiple epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Cell migration was determined using a wound-healing assay. RESULTS Combined treatment with γ-tocotrienol and SU11274 resulted in synergistic inhibition of +SA, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, but not CL-S1 or MCF10A cell growth that was associated with reduction in Akt STAT1/5 and NFκB activation and corresponding blockade in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as indicated by increased expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and cytokeratins 8/18 (epithelial markers) and corresponding reduction in vimentin (mesenchymal marker) and reduction in cancer cell motility. CONCLUSIONS Suggest that combined γ-tocotrienol and Met inhibitor treatment may provide benefit in treatment of breast cancers characterized by aberrant Met activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ayoub
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71291, LA, USA
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46
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Martín-Pérez J, Elson A, Pulido R. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as novel targets in breast cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:211-26. [PMID: 23756181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is linked to hyperactivation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), and recent studies have unveiled that selective tyrosine dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) of specific substrates, including PTKs, may activate or inactivate oncogenic pathways in human breast cancer cell growth-related processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of PTPs in breast cancer, as major regulators of breast cancer therapy-targeted PTKs, such as HER1/EGFR, HER2/Neu, and Src. The functional interplay between PTKs and PTK-activating or -inactivating PTPs, and its implications in novel breast cancer therapies based on targeting of specific PTPs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital de Cruces, Plaza Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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47
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Chen HY, Yang YM, Stevens BM, Noble M. Inhibition of redox/Fyn/c-Cbl pathway function by Cdc42 controls tumour initiation capacity and tamoxifen sensitivity in basal-like breast cancer cells. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:723-36. [PMID: 23606532 PMCID: PMC3662315 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells use Cdc42 to inhibit function of the redox/Fyn/c-Cbl (RFC) pathway, which normally functions to convert small increases in oxidative status into enhanced degradation of c-Cbl target proteins. Restoration of RFC pathway function by genetic or pharmacological Cdc42 inhibition enabled harnessing of pro-oxidant effects of low µM tamoxifen (TMX) concentrations - concentrations utilized in trials on multiple tumour types - to suppress division and induce death of BLBC cells in vitro and to confer TMX sensitivity in vivo through oestrogen receptor-α-independent mechanisms. Cdc42 knockdown also inhibited generation of mammospheres in vitro and tumours in vivo, demonstrating the additional importance of this pathway in tumour initiating cell (TIC) function. These findings provide a new regulatory pathway that is subverted in cancer cells, a novel means of attacking TIC and non-TIC aspects of BLBCs, a lead molecule (ML141) that confers sensitivity to low µM TMX in vitro and in vivo and also appear to be novel in enhancing sensitivity to a non-canonical mode of action of an established therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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48
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Yi YW, Hong W, Kang HJ, Kim HJ, Zhao W, Wang A, Seong YS, Bae I. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway potentiates cytotoxicity of EGFR kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:648-56. [PMID: 23601074 PMCID: PMC3822817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are known to be intrinsically resistant to inhibitors for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Until now, clinical trials for TNBCs using EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis) as single agents have yielded disappointing results. Here, we report that combinatorial treatment using EGFRis, such as gefitinib or erlotinib, with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors (PI3K/AKTis) demonstrated a synergistic, anti-proliferative effect in cell lines of the basal-like (BL) subtype, a subtype of TNBC. Western blot analysis revealed that the gefitinib/PI-103 combination significantly reduced the level of both phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK in two susceptible BL subtype cell lines, SUM149PT and MDA-MB-468, whereas it had little or no effect on the level of phospho-ERK in two non-susceptible cell lines (HS578T and MDA-MB-231) of mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) TNBC subtype. The gefitinib/PI-103 combination also significantly induced caspase-3/7-mediated PARP cleavage and reduced two anti-apoptotic proteins, XIAP and Bcl-2 in the susceptible cell lines. In addition, the level of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein was markedly decreased by gefitinib/PI-103 combination in the BL TNBC cells, but showed no significant change by this combination in MSL subtype cells. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR used in combination of PI3K/AKTis is a potential therapeutic approach to treat a subtype of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Bensen JT, Tse CK, Nyante SJ, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Cole SR, Millikan RC. Association of germline microRNA SNPs in pre-miRNA flanking region and breast cancer risk and survival: the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1099-109. [PMID: 23526039 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Common germline variation in the 5' region proximal to precursor (pre-) miRNA gene sequences is evaluated for association with breast cancer risk and survival among African Americans and Caucasians. METHODS We genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within six miRNA gene regions previously associated with breast cancer, in 1,972 cases and 1,776 controls. In a race-stratified analysis using unconditional logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate SNP association with breast cancer risk. Additionally, hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer-specific mortality were estimated. RESULTS Two miR-185 SNPs provided suggestive evidence of an inverse association with breast cancer risk (rs2008591, OR = 0.72 (95 % CI = 0.53-0.98, p value = 0.04) and rs887205, OR = 0.71 (95 % CI = 0.52-0.96, p value = 0.03), respectively) among African Americans. Two SNPs, miR-34b/34c (rs4938723, HR = 0.57 (95 % CI = 0.37-0.89, p value = 0.01)) and miR-206 (rs6920648, HR = 0.77 (95 % CI = 0.61-0.97, p value = 0.02)), provided evidence of association with breast cancer survival. Further adjustment for stage resulted in more modest associations with survival (HR = 0.65 [95 % CI = 0.42-1.02, p value = 0.06] and HR = 0.79 [95 % CI = 0.62-1.00, p value = 0.05, respectively]). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that germline variation in the 5' region proximal to pre-miRNA gene sequences may be associated with breast cancer risk among African Americans and breast cancer-specific survival generally; however, further validation is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Otto B, Streichert T, Wegwitz F, Gevensleben H, Klätschke K, Wagener C, Deppert W, Tolstonog GV. Transcription factors link mouse WAP-T mammary tumors with human breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1311-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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