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Terry AR, Hay N. Emerging targets in lipid metabolism for cancer therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:537-551. [PMID: 38762377 PMCID: PMC11162322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells perturb lipid metabolic pathways for a variety of pro-tumorigenic functions, and deregulated cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. Although alterations in lipid metabolism in cancer cells have been appreciated for over 20 years, there are no FDA-approved cancer treatments that target lipid-related pathways. Recent advances pertaining to cancer cell fatty acid synthesis (FAS), desaturation, and uptake, microenvironmental and dietary lipids, and lipid metabolism of tumor-infiltrating immune cells have illuminated promising clinical applications for targeting lipid metabolism. This review highlights emerging pathways and targets for tumor lipid metabolism that may soon impact clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Terry
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Research and Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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2
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Premaratne A, Basu S, Bagchi A, Zhou T, Feng Q, Lin CY. Liver X Receptor Ligand GAC0001E5 Downregulates Antioxidant Capacity and ERBB2/HER2 Expression in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1651. [PMID: 38730603 PMCID: PMC11083021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The HER2-positive subtype accounts for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancers. Insensitivity and development of acquired resistance to targeted therapies in some patients contribute to their poor prognosis. HER2 overexpression is associated with metabolic reprogramming, facilitating cancer cell growth and survival. Novel liver X receptor (LXR) ligand GAC0001E5 (1E5) has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by disrupting glutaminolysis and inducing oxidative stress. In this study, HER2-positive breast cancer cells were treated with 1E5 to determine their potential inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action in HER2-positive breast cancers. Similar to previous observations in other cancer types, 1E5 treatments inhibited LXR activity, expression, and cancer cell proliferation. Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), was downregulated following 1E5 treatment, and results from co-treatment experiments with an FASN inhibitor suggest that the same pathway is targeted by 1E5. Treatments with 1E5 disrupted glutaminolysis and resulted in increased oxidative stress. Strikingly, HER2 transcript and protein levels were both significantly downregulated by 1E5. Taken together, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of targeting HER2 overexpression and associated metabolic reprogramming via the modulation of LXR in HER2-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chin-Yo Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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3
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Menendez JA, Cuyàs E, Encinar JA, Vander Steen T, Verdura S, Llop‐Hernández À, López J, Serrano‐Hervás E, Osuna S, Martin‐Castillo B, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) signalome: A molecular guide for precision oncology. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:479-516. [PMID: 38158755 PMCID: PMC10920094 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The initial excitement generated more than two decades ago by the discovery of drugs targeting fatty acid synthase (FASN)-catalyzed de novo lipogenesis for cancer therapy was short-lived. However, the advent of the first clinical-grade FASN inhibitor (TVB-2640; denifanstat), which is currently being studied in various phase II trials, and the exciting advances in understanding the FASN signalome are fueling a renewed interest in FASN-targeted strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer. Here, we provide a detailed overview of how FASN can drive phenotypic plasticity and cell fate decisions, mitochondrial regulation of cell death, immune escape and organ-specific metastatic potential. We then present a variety of FASN-targeted therapeutic approaches that address the major challenges facing FASN therapy. These include limitations of current FASN inhibitors and the lack of precision tools to maximize the therapeutic potential of FASN inhibitors in the clinic. Rethinking the role of FASN as a signal transducer in cancer pathogenesis may provide molecularly driven strategies to optimize FASN as a long-awaited target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Jose Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC)Miguel Hernández University (UMH)ElcheSpain
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LaboratoryMayo Clinic LaboratoryRochesterMNUSA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Àngela Llop‐Hernández
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Júlia López
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
| | - Eila Serrano‐Hervás
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
- CompBioLab Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- CompBioLab Group, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
| | - Begoña Martin‐Castillo
- Metabolism & Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE)Catalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
- Girona Biomedical Research InstituteGironaSpain
- Unit of Clinical ResearchCatalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer CenterRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LaboratoryMayo Clinic LaboratoryRochesterMNUSA
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4
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Pascual G, Majem B, Benitah SA. Targeting lipid metabolism in cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189051. [PMID: 38101461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This review delves into the most recent research on the metabolic adaptability of cancer cells and examines how their metabolic functions can impact their progression into metastatic forms. We emphasize the growing significance of lipid metabolism and dietary lipids within the tumor microenvironment, underscoring their influence on tumor progression. Additionally, we present an outline of the interplay between metabolic processes and the epigenome of cancer cells, underscoring the importance regarding the metastatic process. Lastly, we examine the potential of targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach in combating cancer progression, shedding light on innovative drugs/targets currently undergoing preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pascual
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Blanca Majem
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Nunes DLM, Carvalho-Araujo MF, Silva-Cabral S, Rios T, Chagas-Lima AC, de Sousa G, Ramos I, Gomes SAO, Atella GC. Lipid metabolism dynamic in Triatomine Rhodnius prolixus during acute Trypanosoma rangeli infection. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107032. [PMID: 37838024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
During its life cycle, Trypanosoma rangeli invades the hemolymph of its invertebrate host and colonizes hemocytes and salivary glands. The parasite cannot synthesize some lipid classes, and during its cycle, it depends on the uptake of these molecules from its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to meet growth and differentiation requirements. However, until now, knowledge on how the parasite affects the lipid physiology of individual insect organs has been largely unknown. Herein, the biochemical and molecular dynamics of triatomine R. prolixus lipid metabolism in response to acute T. rangeli infection were investigated. Biochemical and microscopic assays revealed the lipid droplet profile and the levels of the different identified lipid classes. In addition, a qRT‒PCR approach was used to determine the expression profile of 6 protein-coding genes involved in the R. prolixus lipid physiology. We observed that triacylglycerol (TAG), monoacylglycerol (MAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in the fat body decreased in infected insects. On the other hand, high levels of free fatty acids were observed in the hemolymph during infection. Analysis by confocal microscopy revealed a decrease in lipid droplets size from infected fat bodies, and investigations by scanning electron microscopy revealed a significant number of parasites adhered to the surface of the organ. T. rangeli infection upregulated the transcript levels of the protein-coding gene for the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the first enzyme in the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway, responsible for the production of malonyl-CoA. On the other hand, downregulation of lipophorin receptor was observed. In conclusion, this study reveals a new set of molecular events that occur within the vector in response to the challenge imposed by the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiene Lopes Moreira Nunes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Carvalho-Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Cabral
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Rios
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Catarina Chagas-Lima
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Sousa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suzete A O Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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6
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Pendleton KE, Wang K, Echeverria GV. Rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism in therapy-resistant cancers: permanent and plastic adaptations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254313. [PMID: 37779896 PMCID: PMC10534013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is widely recognized as a "hallmark of cancer." Many of the selective pressures encountered by tumor cells, such as exposure to anticancer therapies, navigation of the metastatic cascade, and communication with the tumor microenvironment, can elicit further rewiring of tumor cell metabolism. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity has been recently appreciated as an emerging "hallmark of cancer." Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and central hubs of metabolism whose roles in cancers have been a major focus of numerous studies. Importantly, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are being developed. Interestingly, both plastic (i.e., reversible) and permanent (i.e., stable) metabolic adaptations have been observed following exposure to anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the plastic or permanent nature of these mechanisms is of crucial importance for devising the initiation, duration, and sequential nature of metabolism-targeting therapies. In this review, we compare permanent and plastic mitochondrial mechanisms driving therapy resistance. We also discuss experimental models of therapy-induced metabolic adaptation, therapeutic implications for targeting permanent and plastic metabolic states, and clinical implications of metabolic adaptations. While the plasticity of metabolic adaptations can make effective therapeutic treatment challenging, understanding the mechanisms behind these plastic phenotypes may lead to promising clinical interventions that will ultimately lead to better overall care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pendleton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karen Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Wu X, Huang S, He W, Song M. Emerging insights into mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110602. [PMID: 37437432 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
HER2 is an established therapeutic target in breast, gastric, and gastroesophageal junction carcinomas with HER2 overexpression or genomic alterations. The humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab targeting HER2 has substantially improved the clinical outcomes of HER2-positive patients, yet the inevitable intrinsic or acquired resistance to trastuzumab limits its clinical benefit, necessitating the elucidation of resistance mechanisms to develop alternate therapeutic strategies. This review presents an overview of trastuzumab resistance mechanisms involving signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, cell plasticity, and tumor microenvironment, particularly discussing the prospects of developing rational combinations to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China.
| | - Mei Song
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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8
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Cheng YJ, Fan F, Zhang Z, Zhang HJ. Lipid metabolism in malignant tumor brain metastasis: reprogramming and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:861-878. [PMID: 37668244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2255377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis is a highly traumatic event in the progression of malignant tumors, often symbolizing higher mortality. Metabolic alterations are hallmarks of cancer, and the mask of lipid metabolic program rearrangement in cancer progression is gradually being unraveled. AREAS COVERED In this work, we reviewed clinical and fundamental studies related to lipid expression and activity changes in brain metastases originating from lung, breast, and cutaneous melanomas, respectively. Novel roles of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development of brain metastasis from malignant tumors were identified and its potential as a therapeutic target was evaluated. Published literature and clinical studies in databases consisting of PubMed, Embase, Scopus and www.ClinicalTrials.gov from 1990 to 2022 were searched. EXPERT OPINION Lipid metabolic reprogramming in brain metastasis is involved in de novo lipid synthesis within low lipid availability environments, regulation of lipid uptake and storage, metabolic interactions between brain tumors and the brain microenvironment, and membrane lipid remodeling, in addition to being a second messenger for signal transduction. Although some lipid metabolism modulators work efficiently in preclinical models, there is still a long way to go from laboratory to clinic. This area of research holds assurance for the organ-targeted treatment of brain metastases through drug-regulated metabolic targets and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Hasan SMN, Lou JW, Keszei AFA, Dai DL, Mazhab-Jafari MT. Atomic model for core modifying region of human fatty acid synthase in complex with Denifanstat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3460. [PMID: 37308485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) catalyzes the de novo synthesis of palmitate, a 16-carbon chain fatty acid that is the primary precursor of lipid metabolism and an important intracellular signaling molecule. FASN is an attractive drug target in diabetes, cancer, fatty liver diseases, and viral infections. Here, we develop an engineered full-length human FASN (hFASN) that enables isolation of the condensing and modifying regions of the protein post-translation. The engineered protein enables electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) structure determination of the core modifying region of hFASN to 2.7 Å resolution. Examination of the dehydratase dimer within this region reveals that unlike its close homolog, porcine FASN, the catalytic cavity is close-ended and is accessible only through one opening in the vicinity of the active site. The core modifying region exhibits two major global conformational variabilities that describe long-range bending and twisting motions of the complex in solution. Finally, we solved the structure of this region bound to an anti-cancer drug, Denifanstat (i.e., TVB-2640), demonstrating the utility of our approach as a platform for structure guided design of future hFASN small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Naimul Hasan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer W Lou
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander F A Keszei
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Dai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad T Mazhab-Jafari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Sawant Dessai A, Kalhotra P, Novickis AT, Dasgupta S. Regulation of tumor metabolism by post translational modifications on metabolic enzymes. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:548-558. [PMID: 35999357 PMCID: PMC9947196 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Several metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism, and glutamine catabolism are frequently altered to support cancer growth. Importantly, the activity of the rate-limiting metabolic enzymes in these pathways are specifically modulated in cancer cells. This is achieved by transcriptional, translational, and post translational regulations that enhance the expression, activity, stability, and substrate sensitivity of the rate-limiting enzymes. These mechanisms allow the enzymes to retain increased activity supporting the metabolic needs of rapidly growing tumors, sustain their survival in the hostile tumor microenvironments and in the metastatic lesions. In this review, we primarily focused on the post translational modifications of the rate-limiting enzymes in the glucose and glutamine metabolism, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism promoting tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisha Sawant Dessai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Poonam Kalhotra
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Aaron T Novickis
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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11
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Vanauberg D, Schulz C, Lefebvre T. Involvement of the pro-oncogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase in the hallmarks of cancer: a promising target in anti-cancer therapies. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 36934087 PMCID: PMC10024702 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An accelerated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) flux is a common characteristic of cancer cells required to sustain a high proliferation rate. The DNL enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in many cancers and is pivotal for the increased production of fatty acids. There is increasing evidences of the involvement of FASN in several hallmarks of cancer linked to its ability to promote cell proliferation via membranes biosynthesis. In this review we discuss about the implication of FASN in the resistance to cell death and in the deregulation of cellular energetics by increasing nucleic acids, protein and lipid synthesis. FASN also promotes cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis by enabling the building of lipid rafts and consequently to the localization of oncogenic receptors such as HER2 and c-Met in membrane microdomains. Finally, FASN is involved in immune escape by repressing the activation of pro-inflammatory cells and promoting the recruitment of M2 macrophages and T regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of the pro-oncogenic enzyme in the hallmarks of cancer making FASN a promising target in anti-cancer therapy to circumvent resistance to chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Vanauberg
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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12
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Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010157. [PMID: 36675817 PMCID: PMC9861470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes-associated breast cancer has become a significant clinical challenge. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for breast cancer but also worsens its prognosis. Patients with diabetes usually show hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are accompanied by different glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism disorders. Metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetes can induce the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The changes in substrate availability and hormone environment not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis but also induce metabolic reprogramming events required for breast cancer cell transformation. Metabolic reprogramming is the basis for the development, swift proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Metabolism must also be reprogrammed to support the energy requirements of the biosynthetic processes in cancer cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is essential to enable cancer cells to overcome apoptosis signals and promote invasion and metastasis. This review aims to describe the major metabolic changes in diabetes and outline how cancer cells can use cellular metabolic changes to drive abnormal growth and proliferation. We will specifically examine the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming by which diabetes may promote the development of breast cancer, focusing on the role of glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in this process and potential therapeutic targets. Although diabetes-associated breast cancer has always been a common health problem, research focused on finding treatments suitable for the specific needs of patients with concurrent conditions is still limited. Most studies are still currently in the pre-clinical stage and mainly focus on reprogramming the glucose metabolism. More research targeting the amino acid and lipid metabolism is needed.
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Liu B, Peng Q, Wang YW, Qiu J, Zhu J, Ma R. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of fatty acid synthase in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153076. [PMID: 37124526 PMCID: PMC10135304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) was demonstrated in various tumors including breast cancer. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of FASN in breast cancer development and its potential prognostic significance. Methods The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between FASN expression and overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer patients. To analyze the clinicopathological and prognostic values of FASN expression in breast cancer, pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were clustered based on random-effects models. To confirm whether the findings were stable and impartial, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and publication bias was estimated. Data were analyzed using Engauge Digitizer version 5.4 and Stata version 15.0. Results Five studies involving 855 participants were included. Patients with higher FASN expression did not have a shorter survival period compared to those with lower FASN expression (summary HR: OS, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.41-1.32; P=0.300]; DFS/RFS, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.61-4.43; P=0.323]). However, increased FASN expression was correlated with large tumor size (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.00; P=0.038), higher human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23; P=0.028). No significant associations were observed between FASN expression and histological grade (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.41-2.04; P=0.832), Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.49-2.53; P=0.795), nodal metastasis (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.84-2.38; P=0.183), Ki-67 labelling index (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.15-2.63; P=0.533), estrogen receptor (ER) status (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.61-1.32; P=0.586), or progesterone receptor (PR) status (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.29-1.56; P=0.354). Conclusion FASN is associated with HER2 expression and may contribute to tumor growth, but it has no significant impact on the overall prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhao Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Ma,
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Acetyl-CoA-mediated autoacetylation of fatty acid synthase as a metabolic switch of de novo lipogenesis in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212220119. [PMID: 36459649 PMCID: PMC9894184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis is a highly regulated metabolic process, which is known to be activated through transcriptional regulation of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN). Unexpectedly, we find that the expression of FASN protein remains unchanged during Drosophila larval development from the second to the third instar larval stages (L2 to L3) when lipogenesis is hyperactive. Instead, acetylation of FASN is significantly upregulated in fast-growing larvae. We further show that lysine K813 residue is highly acetylated in developing larvae, and its acetylation is required for elevated FASN activity, body fat accumulation, and normal development. Intriguingly, K813 is autoacetylated by acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) in a dosage-dependent manner independent of acetyltransferases. Mechanistically, the autoacetylation of K813 is mediated by a novel P-loop-like motif (N-xx-G-x-A). Lastly, we find that K813 is deacetylated by Sirt1, which brings FASN activity to baseline level. In summary, this work uncovers a previously unappreciated role of FASN acetylation in developmental lipogenesis and a novel mechanism for protein autoacetylation, through which Drosophila larvae control metabolic homeostasis by linking AcCoA, lysine acetylation, and de novo lipogenesis.
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15
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An IGF-1R-mTORC1-SRPK2 signaling Axis contributes to FASN regulation in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:976. [PMID: 36096767 PMCID: PMC9469522 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression is associated with a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype and is regulated downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways. Recently, post transcriptional regulation of lipogenic transcripts have been demonstrated as being mediated downstream of serine-arginine rich protein kinase 2 (SRPK2), which acts to phosphorylate serine-arginine rich splicing factors (SRSFs), resulting in RNA binding and various RNA regulatory processes. Though post-transcriptional regulation of FASN has been studied previously, the upstream mediators of these pathways have not been elucidated. Methods Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized to demonstrate alterations in FASN and mRNA expression upon modulation of the IGF-1-mTORC1-SRPK2 pathway by small molecule inhibitors or RNAi mediated silencing. RNA stability was accessed by using the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D followed by RT-qPCR. Further, we employed RNA-immunoprecipitation to demonstrate the direct binding of SRSF-1 to FASN transcripts. Results In the current study, we demonstrated an IGF-1 induced increase in FASN mRNA and protein expression that was attenuated by mTORC1 inhibition. This mTORC1 inhibition also resulted in decreases in total and nuclear p-SRPK2 in response to IGF-1 exposure. Upon SRPK2 knockdown and inhibition, we observed a decrease in FASN protein and mRNA stability, respectively, in response to IGF-1 exposure that was specific to triple negative and HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. As we explored further, IGF-1 exposure resulted in an altered localization of eGFP expressed SRSF-1, pEGFP-SRSF-1 that was rescued upon both SRPK2 knockdown and mTORC1 inhibition. Further, we observed an increase binding of SRSF-1 to FASN RNA upon IGF-1 exposure, which was abrogated by SRPK2 knockdown. Conclusion These current findings establish a potential IGF-1-mTORC1-SRPK2-FASN axis in breast cancer, which could be a potential therapeutic target for cancers that overexpress FASN and components of the IGF-1R pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10062-z.
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16
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Abstract
In mammals, fatty acids are supplied by diet or synthesized de novo by fatty acid synthase (FASN). Beyond its key role in energy storage, FASN is involved in many biological processes. It actively participates in the synthesis of membrane components necessary for cell division, protein modification, cell signaling and cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss the various physiological functions of FASN as well as its involvement in cancer, the expression of the lipogenic enzyme being particularly high in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de glycobiologie structurale et fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de glycobiologie structurale et fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
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17
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase: A druggable driver of breast cancer brain metastasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:427-444. [PMID: 35545806 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2077189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis (BrM) is a key contributor to morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients, especially among high-risk epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative/basal-like molecular subtypes. Optimal management of BrM is focused on characterizing a "BrM dependency map" to prioritize targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities. AREAS COVERED We review recent studies addressing the targeting of BrM in the lipid-deprived brain environment, which selects for brain-tropic breast cancer cells capable of cell-autonomously generating fatty acids by upregulating de novo lipogenesis via fatty acid synthase (FASN). Disruption of FASN activity impairs breast cancer growth in the brain, but not extracranially, and mapping of the molecular causes of organ-specific patterns of metastasis has uncovered an enrichment of lipid metabolism signatures in brain metastasizing cells. Targeting SREBP1-the master regulator of lipogenic gene transcription-curtails the ability of breast cancer cells to survive in the brain microenvironment. EXPERT OPINION Targeting FASN represents a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with breast cancer and BrM. Delivery of brain-permeable FASN inhibitors and identifying strategies to target metabolic plasticity that might compensate for impaired brain FASN activity are two potential roadblocks that may hinder FASN-centered strategies against BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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18
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Gregorio JD, Petricca S, Iorio R, Toniato E, Flati V. MITOCHONDRIAL AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN CANCER CELLS. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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19
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Khan A, Aljarbou AN, Khan S, Khan MA. Her-2 directed systemic delivery of fatty acid synthase (FASN) siRNA with novel liposomal carrier systems in the breast cancer mouse model. J Drug Target 2022; 30:634-645. [PMID: 35112640 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2038613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the current advancements in the gene silencing therapy in vitro, the systemic delivery of siRNA still remains a challenging task for its transition into clinics. We have previously developed the Her2-targeted fatty acid synthase (FASN) siRNA-encapsulating immunoliposomes (ILs) with a great stability in the presence of serum. We report here the therapeutic potential of the lipid-based novel formulations in the breast cancer mouse model. The growth inhibitory and gene silencing effects of various formulations were determined by measuring the size of the tumor, cell proliferation, apoptotic index and immunoassays against Her2-over expressed tumor xenografts in nude mice. The pegylated DSPC/Chol and DOPE/CHEMS immunoliposomes containing FASN-siRNA significantly decreased the tumor growth relative to non-targeted liposomes. They induced the 1.5-fold increase in cellular apoptosis and several fold decrease in proliferation as compared to non-targeted liposomal formulations of FASN-siRNA. Moreover, FASN-siRNA-ILs produced several fold increase in the ratios of p53/p21 and Bax/Bcl-2. The gene silencing effects of targeted FASN-liposomes were found significantly superior, resulting in 30%-40% downregulation in FASN as compared to non-targeted similar formulations. Both types of FASN immunoliposomes provided a highly efficient approach for targeted delivery in Her-2-expressed breast cancer and thus offered a promising anticancer strategy in the clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed N Aljarbou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Buraydah, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamshir Khan
- Dentistry and Pharmacy College, Buraydah Private Colleges, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Batchuluun B, Pinkosky SL, Steinberg GR. Lipogenesis inhibitors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:283-305. [PMID: 35031766 PMCID: PMC8758994 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential for survival, acting as bioenergetic substrates, structural components and signalling molecules. Given their vital role, cells have evolved mechanisms to generate fatty acids from alternative carbon sources, through a process known as de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Despite the importance of DNL, aberrant upregulation is associated with a wide variety of pathologies. Inhibiting core enzymes of DNL, including citrate/isocitrate carrier (CIC), ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. Despite challenges related to efficacy, selectivity and safety, several new classes of synthetic DNL inhibitors have entered clinical-stage development and may become the foundation for a new class of therapeutics. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is vital for the maintenance of whole-body and cellular homeostasis, but aberrant upregulation of the pathway is associated with a broad range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and cancers. Here, Steinberg and colleagues provide an overview of the physiological and pathological roles of the core DNL enzymes and assess strategies and agents currently in development to therapeutically target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Corchado-Cobos R, García-Sancha N, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Gómez-Vecino A, Jiménez-Navas A, Pérez-Baena MJ, Holgado-Madruga M, Mao JH, Cañueto J, Castillo-Lluva S, Pérez-Losada J. Pathophysiological Integration of Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020322. [PMID: 35053485 PMCID: PMC8773662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors exhibit metabolic changes that differentiate them from the normal tissues from which they derive. These metabolic changes favor tumor growth, are primarily induced by cancer cells, and produce metabolic and functional changes in the surrounding stromal cells. There is a close functional connection between the metabolic changes in tumor cells and those that appear in the surrounding stroma. A better understanding of intratumoral metabolic interactions may help identify new vulnerabilities that will facilitate new, more individualized treatment strategies against cancer. We review the metabolic changes described in tumor and stromal cells and their functional changes and then consider, in depth, the metabolic interactions between the cells of the two compartments. Although these changes are generic, we illustrate them mainly with reference to examples in breast cancer. Abstract Metabolic changes that facilitate tumor growth are one of the hallmarks of cancer. The triggers of these metabolic changes are located in the tumor parenchymal cells, where oncogenic mutations induce an imperative need to proliferate and cause tumor initiation and progression. Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic reorganization during disease progression that is tailored to their energy demands and fluctuating environmental conditions. Oxidative stress plays an essential role as a trigger under such conditions. These metabolic changes are the consequence of the interaction between tumor cells and stromal myofibroblasts. The metabolic changes in tumor cells include protein anabolism and the synthesis of cell membranes and nucleic acids, which all facilitate cell proliferation. They are linked to catabolism and autophagy in stromal myofibroblasts, causing the release of nutrients for the cells of the tumor parenchyma. Metabolic changes lead to an interstitium deficient in nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, and acidification by lactic acid. Together with hypoxia, they produce functional changes in other cells of the tumor stroma, such as many immune subpopulations and endothelial cells, which lead to tumor growth. Thus, immune cells favor tissue growth through changes in immunosuppression. This review considers some of the metabolic changes described in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Natalia García-Sancha
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Aurora Gómez-Vecino
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (R.C.-C.); (N.G.-S.); (M.M.-E.); (A.G.-V.); (A.J.-N.); (M.J.P.-B.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.C.-L.); (J.P-L.)
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22
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Hoy AJ, Nagarajan SR, Butler LM. Tumour fatty acid metabolism in the context of therapy resistance and obesity. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:753-766. [PMID: 34417571 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is known to support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage and catabolism. More recently, the role of membrane fatty acid composition, for example, ratios of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in promoting cell survival while limiting lipotoxicity and ferroptosis has been increasingly appreciated. Alongside these insights, it has become clear that tumour cells exhibit plasticity with respect to fatty acid metabolism, responding to extratumoural and systemic metabolic signals, such as obesity and cancer therapeutics, to promote the development of aggressive, treatment-resistant disease. Here, we describe cellular fatty acid metabolic changes that are connected to therapy resistance and contextualize obesity-associated changes in host fatty acid metabolism that likely influence the local tumour microenvironment to further modify cancer cell behaviour while simultaneously creating potential new vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Coronel-Hernández J, Pérez-Yépez EA, Delgado-Waldo I, Contreras-Romero C, Jacobo-Herrera N, Cantú-De León D, Pérez-Plasencia C. Aberrant Metabolism as Inductor of Epigenetic Changes in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676562. [PMID: 34692471 PMCID: PMC8531643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is arising interest in the scientific community not only because of the role it plays in the development and establishment of the tumor mass but also the possibility of drug poisoning of key enzymes overexpressed in tumor cells. Moreover, tumor metabolism provides key molecules to maintain the epigenetic changes that are also an undisputed characteristic of each tumor type. This metabolic change includes the Warburg effect and alterations in key pathways involved in glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Modifications in all these pathways have consequences that impact genetics and epigenetics processes such as DNA methylation patterns, histone post-translational modifications, triggering oncogenes activation, and loss in tumor suppressor gene expression to lead the tumor establishment. In this review, we describe the metabolic rearrangement and its association with epigenetic regulation in breast cancer, as well as its implication in biological processes involved in cancer progression. A better understanding of these processes could help to find new targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this human health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloy Andrés Pérez-Yépez
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedra-CONACYT, Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú-De León
- Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wolf J, Dong C, O'Day EM. Metabolite Biomarkers of Response (BoRs): Towards a fingerprint for the evolution of metastatic breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 165:8-18. [PMID: 34419530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and despite improved treatment strategies, it persists as the second leading cause of death of women globally. Overall prognosis drops drastically once the cancer has metastasized, which is also associated with resistance to therapy. The evolution from a localized breast cancer to metastatic disease is complex and multifactorial. Metabolic reprogramming is a pre-requisite for this transition. In this graphical review, we provide an overview of altered metabolic pathways observed in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and detail how metabolite biomarkers could serve as a novel class of precision medicine tools to improve the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of mBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Dong
- Olaris, Inc, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
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25
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Fukano M, Park M, Deblois G. Metabolic Flexibility Is a Determinant of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4699. [PMID: 34572926 PMCID: PMC8467722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression is characterized by changes in cellular metabolism that contribute to enhanced tumour growth and adaptation to microenvironmental stresses. Metabolic changes within breast tumours are still poorly understood and are not as yet exploited for therapeutic intervention, in part due to a high level of metabolic heterogeneity within tumours. The metabolic profiles of breast cancer cells are flexible, providing dynamic switches in metabolic states to accommodate nutrient and energy demands and further aggravating the challenges of targeting metabolic dependencies in cancer. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours. Next, we examine how metabolic flexibility, which contributes to the metabolic heterogeneity of breast tumours, can alter epigenetic landscapes and increase a variety of pro-tumorigenic functions. Finally, we highlight the difficulties in pharmacologically targeting the metabolic adaptations of breast tumours and provide an overview of possible strategies to sensitize heterogeneous breast tumours to the targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fukano
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Geneviève Deblois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute (GCI), McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Akhmetova K, Balasov M, Chesnokov I. Drosophila STING protein has a role in lipid metabolism. eLife 2021; 10:67358. [PMID: 34467853 PMCID: PMC8443252 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role in innate immunity by controlling type I interferon response against invaded pathogens. In this work, we describe a previously unknown role of STING in lipid metabolism in Drosophila. Flies with STING deletion are sensitive to starvation and oxidative stress, have reduced lipid storage, and downregulated expression of lipid metabolism genes. We found that Drosophila STING interacts with lipid synthesizing enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). ACC and FASN also interact with each other, indicating that all three proteins may be components of a large multi-enzyme complex. The deletion of Drosophila STING leads to disturbed ACC localization and decreased FASN enzyme activity. Together, our results demonstrate a previously undescribed role of STING in lipid metabolism in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Akhmetova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Maxim Balasov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Igor Chesnokov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
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Sardesai SD, Thomas A, Gallagher C, Lynce F, Ottaviano YL, Ballinger TJ, Schneider BP, Storniolo AM, Bauchle A, Althouse SK, Perkins SM, Masters AR, Stratford RE, Dong Z, Liu JY, Zhang JT, Miller KD. Inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthase with Omeprazole to Improve Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in patients with Operable TNBC. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5810-5817. [PMID: 34400413 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in 70% of operable triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Proton pump inhibitors selectively inhibit FASN activity and induce apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with operable TNBC were enrolled in this single arm Phase II study. Patients began omeprazole (OMP) 80 mg PO BID for 4-7 days prior to neoadjuvant anthracycline- taxane based chemotherapy (AC-T) and continued until surgery. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with baseline FASN overexpression (FASN+). Secondary endpoints included pCR in all surgery patients, change in FASN expression, enzyme activity, and downstream protein expression after OMP monotherapy; safety, and limited OMP pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Forty-two patients were recruited with a median age of 51y (28-72). Most patients had {greater than or equal to}cT2 (33, 79%) and {greater than or equal to}N1 (22, 52%) disease. FASN overexpression prior to AC-T was identified in 29/34 (85%) evaluable samples. The pCR rate was 72.4% (95% CI 52.8, 87.3) in FASN+ patients and 74.4% (95% CI 57.9, 87.0) in all surgery patients. Peak OMP concentration was significantly higher than the IC50 for FASN inhibition observed in preclinical testing; FASN expression decreased with OMP monotherapy (mean change 0.12 (SD 0.25) ; p = 0.02). OMP was well tolerated with no {greater than or equal to} grade 3 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS FASN is commonly expressed in early TNBC. OMP can be safely administered in doses that inhibit FASN. The addition of OMP to neoadjuvant AC-T yields a promising pCR rate that needs further confirmation in randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Amber Bauchle
- Clinical Trials Office- School of Medicine, Indiana University Health
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Andrea R Masters
- Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center
| | | | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Raab S, Gadault A, Very N, Decourcelle A, Baldini S, Schulz C, Mortuaire M, Lemaire Q, Hardivillé S, Dehennaut V, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Panasyuk G, Lefebvre T. Dual regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and mTOR pathway in proliferating liver cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5397-5413. [PMID: 34046694 PMCID: PMC11072354 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) participates in many fundamental biological processes, including energy storage and signal transduction, and is overexpressed in many cancer cells. We previously showed in a context of lipogenesis that FASN is protected from degradation by its interaction with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in a nutrient-dependent manner. We and others also reported that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation up-regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that senses mitogenic signals and nutrient availability to drive cell cycle. Using biochemical and microscopy approaches, we show here that FASN co-localizes with OGT in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the membrane fraction. This interaction occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner, following the pattern of FASN expression. Moreover, we show that FASN expression depends on OGT upon serum stimulation. The level of FASN also correlates with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatic cell lines, and in livers of obese mice and in a chronically activated insulin and mTOR signaling mouse model (PTEN-null mice). These results indicate that FASN is under a dual control of O-GlcNAcylation and mTOR pathways. In turn, blocking FASN with the small-molecule inhibitor C75 reduces both OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels, and mTOR activation, highlighting a novel reciprocal regulation between these actors. In addition to the role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis, our findings shed new light on how aberrant activity of FASN and mTOR signaling may promote the emergence of hepatic tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Gadault
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Decourcelle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Steffi Baldini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
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Khan W, Augustine D, Rao RS, Patil S, Awan KH, Sowmya SV, Haragannavar VC, Prasad K. Lipid metabolism in cancer: A systematic review. J Carcinog 2021; 20:4. [PMID: 34321955 PMCID: PMC8312377 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies and clinical trials have emphasized the decisive role of lipid metabolism in tumor proliferation and metastasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the existing literature to evaluate the role and significance of the genes and pathways most commonly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer. The literature search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Approximately 2396 research articles were initially selected, of which 215 were identified as potentially relevant for abstract review. Upon further scrutiny, 62 of the 215 studies were reviews, seminars, or presentations, and 44 were original study articles and were thus included in the systematic review. The predominant gene involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), followed by fatty acid synthase (FASN). The pathway most commonly involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, followed by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. SCD1 and FASN play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer and represent attractive targets for potentially effective anti-cancer treatment strategies. The regulation of cancer metabolism by the Akt kinases will be an interesting topic of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, United States
| | - Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishri C Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Prasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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30
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Simeone P, Tacconi S, Longo S, Lanuti P, Bravaccini S, Pirini F, Ravaioli S, Dini L, Giudetti AM. Expanding Roles of De Novo Lipogenesis in Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3575. [PMID: 33808259 PMCID: PMC8036647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lipid metabolism has gained greater attention in several diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is a key component in breast cancer malignant transformation. In particular, de novo lipogenesis provides the substrate required by the proliferating tumor cells to maintain their membrane composition and energetic functions during enhanced growth. However, it appears that not all breast cancer subtypes depend on de novo lipogenesis for fatty acid replenishment. Indeed, while breast cancer luminal subtypes rely on de novo lipogenesis, the basal-like receptor-negative subtype overexpresses genes involved in the utilization of exogenous-derived fatty acids, in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic differences are specifically associated with genomic and proteomic changes that can perturb lipogenic enzymes and related pathways. This behavior is further supported by the observation that breast cancer patients can be stratified according to their molecular profiles. Moreover, the discovery that extracellular vesicles act as a vehicle of metabolic enzymes and oncometabolites may provide the opportunity to noninvasively define tumor metabolic signature. Here, we focus on de novo lipogenesis and the specific differences exhibited by breast cancer subtypes and examine the functional contribution of lipogenic enzymes and associated transcription factors in the regulation of tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
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31
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Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Feng WW, Wilkins O, Bang S, Ung M, Li J, An J, Del Genio C, Canfield K, DiRenzo J, Wells W, Gaur A, Robey RB, Guo JY, Powles RL, Sotiriou C, Pusztai L, Febbraio M, Cheng C, Kinlaw WB, Kurokawa M. CD36-Mediated Metabolic Rewiring of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapies. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3405-3420.e5. [PMID: 31825825 PMCID: PMC6938262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is established that fatty acid (FA) synthesis supports anabolic growth in cancer, the role of exogenous FA uptake remains elusive. Here we show that, during acquisition of resistance to HER2 inhibition, metabolic rewiring of breast cancer cells favors reliance on exogenous FA uptake over de novo FA synthesis. Through cDNA microarray analysis, we identify the FA transporter CD36 as a critical gene upregulated in cells with acquired resistance to the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. Accordingly, resistant cells exhibit increased exogenous FA uptake and metabolic plasticity. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CD36 suppresses the growth of lapatinib-resistant but not lapatinib-sensitive cells in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Cd36 in mammary tissues of MMTV-neu mice significantly attenuates tumorigenesis. In breast cancer patients, CD36 expression increases following anti-HER2 therapy, which correlates with a poor prognosis. Our results define CD36-mediated metabolic rewiring as an essential survival mechanism in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Owen Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Scott Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jennifer An
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Carmen Del Genio
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kaleigh Canfield
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James DiRenzo
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Wendy Wells
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Arti Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - R Brooks Robey
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA
| | | | - Ryan L Powles
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 05620, USA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 05620, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Fatty Acid Synthase: An Emerging Target in Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173935. [PMID: 32872164 PMCID: PMC7504791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lipid metabolism has garnered significant attention as it provides the necessary building blocks required to sustain tumor growth and serves as an alternative fuel source for ATP generation. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) functions as a central regulator of lipid metabolism and plays a critical role in the growth and survival of tumors with lipogenic phenotypes. Accumulating evidence has shown that it is capable of rewiring tumor cells for greater energy flexibility to attain their high energy requirements. This multi-enzyme protein is capable of modulating the function of subcellular organelles for optimal function under different conditions. Apart from lipid metabolism, FASN has functional roles in other cellular processes such as glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. These pivotal roles of FASN in lipid metabolism make it an attractive target in the clinic with several new inhibitors currently being tested in early clinical trials. This article aims to present the current evidence on the emergence of FASN as a target in human malignancies.
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34
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Khan A, Aljarbou AN, Aldebasi YH, Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Khan S, Alruwetei AM, Khan MA. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) siRNA-Encapsulated-Her-2 Targeted Fab'-Immunoliposomes for Gene Silencing in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5575-5589. [PMID: 32801705 PMCID: PMC7415462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overexpression of Her-2 in 25–30% breast cancer cases and the crosstalk between Her-2 and fatty acid synthase (FASN) establishes Her-2 as a promising target for site-directed delivery. The present study aimed to develop the novel lipid base formulations to target and inhibit the cellular proliferation of Her-2-expressing breast cancer cells through the silencing of FASN. In order to achieve this goal, we prepared DSPC/Chol and DOPE/CHEMS immunoliposomes, conjugated with the anti-Her-2 fab’ and encapsulated FASN siRNA against breast cancer cells. Methods We evaluated the size, stability, cellular uptake and internalization of various formulations of liposomes. The antiproliferative gene silencing potential was investigated by the cell cytotoxicity, crystal violet, wound healing and Western blot analyses in Her-2+ and Her-2¯ breast cancer cells. Results The data revealed that both nanosized FASN-siRNA-encapsulated liposomes showed significantly higher cellular uptake and internalization with enhanced stability. The cell viability of Her-2+ SK-BR3 cells treated with the targeted formulation of DSPC/Chol- and DOPE/CHEMS-encapsulating FASN-siRNA reduced to 30% and 20%, respectively, whereas it was found to be 45% and 36% in MCF-7 cells. The wounds were not only failed to close but they became broader in Her-2+ cells treated with targeted liposomes of siRNA. Consequently, the amount of FASN decreased by 80% in SK-BR3 cells treated with non-targeted liposomes and it was 30% and 60% in the MCF-7 cells treated with DSPC/Chol and DOPE/CHEMS liposomes, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we developed the formulation that targeted Her-2 for the suppression of FASN and, therefore, inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed N Aljarbou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamshir Khan
- Dentistry and Pharmacy College, Buraydah Private Colleges, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen M Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Feng WW, Kurokawa M. Lipid metabolic reprogramming as an emerging mechanism of resistance to kinase inhibitors in breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3. [PMID: 32226926 PMCID: PMC7100881 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in the United States. In general, patients with breast cancer undergo surgical resection of the tumor and/or receive drug treatment to kill or suppress the growth of cancer cells. In this regard, small molecule kinase inhibitors serve as an important class of drugs used in clinical and research settings. However, the development of resistance to these compounds, in particular HER2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, often limits durable clinical responses to therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway hyperactivation is one of the most prominent mechanisms of resistance to many small molecule inhibitors as it bypasses upstream growth factor receptor inhibition. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway also plays a pertinent role in regulating various aspects of cancer metabolism. Recent studies from our lab and others have demonstrated that altered lipid metabolism mediates the development of acquired drug resistance to HER2-targeted therapies in breast cancer, raising an interesting link between reprogrammed kinase signaling and lipid metabolism. It appears that, upon development of resistance to HER2 inhibitors, breast cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to somehow circumvent the inhibition of kinase signaling. Here, we review various mechanisms of resistance observed for kinase inhibitors and discuss lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target to overcome acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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36
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Feng WW, Bang S, Kurokawa M. CD36: a key mediator of resistance to HER2 inhibitors in breast cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1715766. [PMID: 32158927 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1715766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy is a significant clinical challenge in breast cancer. We recently discovered that during acquisition of resistance to HER2 inhibition, upregulation of the fatty acid transporter CD36 takes place, playing a key role in metabolic rewiring and resistance to anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Scott Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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37
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Dias AS, Almeida CR, Helguero LA, Duarte IF. Metabolic crosstalk in the breast cancer microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2019; 121:154-171. [PMID: 31581056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, breast tumour cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, which generally includes enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis. However, the extension and functional importance of these metabolic alterations may diverge not only according to breast cancer subtypes, but also depending on the interaction of cancer cells with the complex surrounding microenvironment. This microenvironment comprises a variety of non-cancerous cells, such as immune cells (e.g. macrophages, lymphocytes, natural killer cells), fibroblasts, adipocytes and endothelial cells, together with extracellular matrix components and soluble factors, which influence cancer progression and are predictive of clinical outcome. The continuous interaction between cancer and stromal cells results in metabolic competition and symbiosis, with oncogenic-driven metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells shaping the metabolism of neighbouring cells and vice versa. This review addresses current knowledge on this metabolic crosstalk within the breast tumour microenvironment (TME). Improved understanding of how metabolism in the TME modulates cancer development and evasion of tumour-suppressive mechanisms may provide clues for novel anticancer therapeutics directed to metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Dias
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Almeida
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zoeller RA, Geoghegan-Barek K. A cell-based high-throughput screen identifies tyrphostin AG 879 as an inhibitor of animal cell phospholipid and fatty acid biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100621. [PMID: 30899803 PMCID: PMC6406593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of animal cell phospholipid biosynthesis has been proposed for anticancer and antiviral therapies. Using CHO—K1 derived cell lines, we have developed and used a cell-based high-throughput procedure to screen a 1280 compound, small molecule library for inhibitors of phospholipid biosynthesis. We identified tyrphostin AG 879 (AG879), which inhibited phospholipid biosynthesis by 85–90% at a concentration of 10 μM, displaying an IC50 of 1–3 μM. The synthesis of all phospholipid head group classes was heavily affected. Fatty acid biosynthesis was also dramatically inhibited (90%). AG879 inhibited phospholipid biosynthesis in all additional cell lines tested, including MDCK, HUH7, Vero, and HeLa cell lines. In CHO cells, AG879 was cytostatic; cells survived for at least four days during exposure and were able to divide following its removal. AG879 is an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and inhibitors of signaling pathways known to be activated by RTK's also inhibited phospholipid biosynthesis. We speculate that inhibition of RTK by AG879 results in an inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis with a resulting decrease in phospholipid biosynthesis and that AG879's effect on fatty acid synthesis and/or phospholipid biosynthesis may contribute to its known capacity as an effective antiviral/anticancer agent.
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Key Words
- 32Pi, [32P]orthophosphate
- AFU, Arbitrary fluorescence units
- AG879, Tyrphostin AG 879
- Anticancer
- Antiviral
- CE, Cholesterol ester
- CL, Cardiolipin
- Drug screening
- EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor
- Fatty acid biosynthesis
- HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HTS, High-throughput screen
- P12, 12-(1′-pyrene) dodecanoic acid
- PA, Phosphatidic acid
- PC, Phosphatidylcholine
- PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI, Phosphatidylinositol
- PL, Phospholipid
- Phospholipid biosynthesis
- RTK, Receptor tyrosine kinase
- TG, Triacylglycerol
- Tyrphostin AG 879
- trkA, Tropomyosin analogue receptor kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A Zoeller
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Room W302, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kathleen Geoghegan-Barek
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, Room W302, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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39
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Abdelrahman AE, Rashed HE, Elkady E, Elsebai EA, El-Azony A, Matar I. Fatty acid synthase, Her2/neu, and E2F1 as prognostic markers of progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 39:42-52. [PMID: 30684846 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease which has an unpredictable risk of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The selection of patients who may benefit from early radical intervention is a challenge. To define the useful prognostic markers for progression, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), Her2/neu, and E2F1 in 60 cases of NMIBC who underwent TURBT and adjuvant intravesical bacillus-Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Their predicting role for tumor recurrence, progression, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed. High FASN expression was observed in 56.7% (34/60) of NMIBC cases, and FASN expression was significantly associated with the tumor size, grade, and tumor stage (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001 respectively). Positive Her2/neu was noted in 18.3% (11/60) of the cases, and its expression was significantly associated with the tumor size, histologic grade, and tumor stage (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.011 respectively). High E2F1 expression was detected in 40% of the cases, and it was associated with tumor size, histologic grade, and tumor stage (p < 0.001 for each). Analysis of follow-up period revealed that NMIBC with high FASN, positive Her2/neu, and high E2F1 expression exhibited a potent relation with tumor progression, shorter RFS, and poor PFS. Conclusions: High FASN, Her2/neu, and E2F1 are considered as adverse prognostic factors of tumor recurrence and progression in NMIBC and these patients should be followed carefully. Therefore, we suggest that FASN, Her2/neu, and E2F1 should be considered and evaluated during the selection of the appropriate management strategy for NMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayam E Rashed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ehab Elkady
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elsebai
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Azony
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ihab Matar
- Surgical Oncology Department, Al-Ahrar Zagazig Teaching Hospital, Egypt
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40
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Kahweol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by suppressing fatty acid synthase in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Challenges and perspectives in the treatment of diabetes associated breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 70:98-111. [PMID: 30130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disease worldwide and affects all cross-sections of the society including children, women, youth and adults. Scientific evidence has linked diabetes to higher incidence, accelerated progression and increased aggressiveness of different cancers. Among the different forms of cancer, research has reinforced a link between diabetes and the risk of breast cancer. Some studies have specifically linked diabetes to the highly aggressive, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) which do not respond to conventional hormonal/HER2 targeted interventions, have chances of early recurrence, metastasize, tend to be more invasive in nature and develop drug resistance. Commonly used anti-diabetic drugs, such as metformin, have recently gained importance in the treatment of breast cancer due to their proposed anti-cancer properties. Here we discuss the link between diabetes and breast cancer, the metabolic disturbances in diabetes that support the development of breast cancer, the challenges involved and future perspective and directions. We link the three main metabolic disturbances (dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia) that occur in diabetes to potential aberrant molecular pathways that may lead to the development of an oncogenic phenotype of the breast tissue, thereby leading to acceleration of cell growth, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis and inhibition of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, managing diabetes and treating cancer using a combination of anti-diabetic and classical anti-cancer drugs should prove to be more efficient in the treatment diabetes associated cancers.
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42
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Monaco ME. Fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29487-29500. [PMID: 28412757 PMCID: PMC5438746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is recognized as a component of malignant transformation in many different cancers, including breast; yet the potential for targeting this pathway for prevention and/or treatment of cancer remains unrealized. Evidence indicates that proteins involved in both synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids play a pivotal role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The following essay summarizes data implicating specific fatty acid metabolic enzymes in the genesis and progression of breast cancer, and further categorizes the relevance of specific metabolic pathways to individual intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Based on mRNA expression data, the less aggressive luminal subtypes appear to rely on a balance between de novo fatty acid synthesis and oxidation as sources for both biomass and energy requirements, while basal-like, receptor negative subtypes overexpress genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. With these differences in mind, treatments may need to be tailored to individual subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Visram M, Radulovic M, Steiner S, Malanovic N, Eichmann TO, Wolinski H, Rechberger GN, Tehlivets O. Homocysteine regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolism in yeast. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5544-5555. [PMID: 29414770 PMCID: PMC5900771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase; Sah1 in yeast/AHCY in mammals) degrades AdoHcy, a by-product and strong product inhibitor of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation reactions, to adenosine and homocysteine (Hcy). This reaction is reversible, so any elevation of Hcy levels, such as in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), drives the formation of AdoHcy, with detrimental consequences for cellular methylation reactions. HHcy, a pathological condition linked to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, as well as fatty liver among others, is associated with a deregulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we developed a yeast model of HHcy to identify mechanisms that dysregulate lipid metabolism. Hcy supplementation to wildtype cells up-regulated cellular fatty acid and triacylglycerol content and induced a shift in fatty acid composition, similar to changes observed in mutants lacking Sah1. Expression of the irreversible bacterial pathway for AdoHcy degradation in yeast allowed us to dissect the impact of AdoHcy accumulation on lipid metabolism from the impact of elevated Hcy. Expression of this pathway fully suppressed the growth deficit of sah1 mutants as well as the deregulation of lipid metabolism in both the sah1 mutant and Hcy-exposed wildtype, showing that AdoHcy accumulation mediates the deregulation of lipid metabolism in response to elevated Hcy in yeast. Furthermore, Hcy supplementation in yeast led to increased resistance to cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, as well as to a concomitant decline of condensing enzymes involved in very long-chain fatty acid synthesis, in line with the observed shift in fatty acid content and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Visram
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Maja Radulovic
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Sabine Steiner
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Nermina Malanovic
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Thomas O. Eichmann
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Gerald N. Rechberger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and ,the Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oksana Tehlivets
- From the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria and
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44
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Carroll RG, Zasłona Z, Galván-Peña S, Koppe EL, Sévin DC, Angiari S, Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Modis LK, O'Neill LA. An unexpected link between fatty acid synthase and cholesterol synthesis in proinflammatory macrophage activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5509-5521. [PMID: 29463677 PMCID: PMC5900750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different immune activation states require distinct metabolic features and activities in immune cells. For instance, inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, prevents the proinflammatory response in macrophages; however, the precise role of this enzyme in this response remains poorly defined. Consistent with previous studies, we found here that FASN is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated macrophage activation. Interestingly, only agents that block FASN upstream of acetoacetyl-CoA synthesis, including the well-characterized FASN inhibitor C75, inhibited TLR4 signaling, while those acting downstream had no effect. We found that acetoacetyl-CoA could overcome C75's inhibitory effect, whereas other FASN metabolites, including palmitate, did not prevent C75-mediated inhibition. This suggested an unexpected role for acetoacetyl-CoA in inflammation that is independent of its role in palmitate synthesis. Our evidence further suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA arising from FASN activity promotes cholesterol production, indicating a surprising link between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. We further demonstrate that this process is required for TLR4 to enter lipid rafts and facilitate TLR4 signaling. In conclusion, we have uncovered an unexpected link between FASN and cholesterol synthesis that appears to be required for TLR signal transduction and proinflammatory macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carroll
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Zbigniew Zasłona
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Galván-Peña
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Koppe
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Sévin
- Cellzome, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Stefano Angiari
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.,the Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, United Kingdom, and
| | - Louise K Modis
- the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- From the School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland, .,the Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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45
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Grunt TW. Interacting Cancer Machineries: Cell Signaling, Lipid Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:86-98. [PMID: 29203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific perturbations of signaling, metabolism, and epigenetics can be a cause and/or consequence of malignant transformation. Evidence indicates that these regulatory systems interact with each other to form highly flexible and robust cybernetic networks that promote malignant growth and confer treatment resistance. Deciphering these plexuses using holistic approaches known from systems biology can be instructive for the future design of novel anticancer strategies. In this review, I discuss novel findings elucidating the multiple molecular interdependence among cancer-specific signaling, cell metabolism, and epigenetics to provide an insightful understanding of how major cancer machineries interact with each other during cancer development and progression, and how this knowledge may be used for future co-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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46
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Ogrodzinski MP, Bernard JJ, Lunt SY. Deciphering metabolic rewiring in breast cancer subtypes. Transl Res 2017; 189:105-122. [PMID: 28774752 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, is observed in breast cancer. Breast cancer cells rewire their cellular metabolism to meet the demands of survival, proliferation, and invasion. However, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and metabolic rewiring is not uniform. Each subtype of breast cancer displays distinct metabolic alterations. Here, we focus on unique metabolic reprogramming associated with subtypes of breast cancer, as well as common features. Therapeutic opportunities based on subtype-specific metabolic alterations are also discussed. Through this discussion, we aim to provide insight into subtype-specific metabolic rewiring and vulnerabilities that have the potential to better guide therapy and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Ogrodzinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich
| | - Jamie J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
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47
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Buckley D, Duke G, Heuer TS, O'Farrell M, Wagman AS, McCulloch W, Kemble G. Fatty acid synthase – Modern tumor cell biology insights into a classical oncology target. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Zhang L, Xiao J, Xu J, Fu T, Cao Z, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Shen X, Jiang H, Zhang L. Crystal structure of FabZ-ACP complex reveals a dynamic seesaw-like catalytic mechanism of dehydratase in fatty acid biosynthesis. Cell Res 2016; 26:1330-1344. [PMID: 27874013 PMCID: PMC5143422 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a vital process in cells. Fatty acids are essential for cell assembly and cellular metabolism. Abnormal FAS directly correlates with cell growth delay and human diseases, such as metabolic syndromes and various cancers. The FAS system utilizes an acyl carrier protein (ACP) as a transporter to stabilize and shuttle the growing fatty acid chain throughout enzymatic modules for stepwise catalysis. Studying the interactions between enzymatic modules and ACP is, therefore, critical for understanding the biological function of the FAS system. However, the information remains unclear due to the high flexibility of ACP and its weak interaction with enzymatic modules. We present here a 2.55 Å crystal structure of type II FAS dehydratase FabZ in complex with holo-ACP, which exhibits a highly symmetrical FabZ hexamer-ACP3 stoichiometry with each ACP binding to a FabZ dimer subunit. Further structural analysis, together with biophysical and computational results, reveals a novel dynamic seesaw-like ACP binding and catalysis mechanism for the dehydratase module in the FAS system, which is regulated by a critical gatekeeper residue (Tyr100 in FabZ) that manipulates the movements of the β-sheet layer. These findings improve the general understanding of the dehydration process in the FAS system and will potentially facilitate drug and therapeutic design for diseases associated with abnormalities in FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianran Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Anderson AM, Ragan MA. Palmitoylation: a protein S-acylation with implications for breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2016; 2:16028. [PMID: 28721385 PMCID: PMC5515344 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that involves linkage of a fatty acid chain predominantly to a cysteine amino acid via a thioester bond. The fatty acid molecule is primarily palmitate, thus the term 'palmitoylation' is more commonly used. Palmitoylation has been found to modulate all stages of protein function including maturational processing, trafficking, membrane anchoring, signaling range and efficacy, and degradation. In breast cancer, palmitoylation has been shown to control the function of commonly dysregulated genes including estrogen receptors, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of receptors, and cancer stem cell markers. Importantly, palmitoylation is a critical factor controlling the formation of complexes at the plasma membrane involving tetraspanins, integrins, and gene products that are key to cell-cell communication. During metastasis, cancer cells enhance their metastatic capacity by interacting with stroma and immune cells. Although aberrant palmitoylation could contribute to tumor initiation and growth, its potential role in these cell-cell interactions is of particular interest, as it may provide mechanistic insight into metastasis, including cancer cell-driven immune modulation. Compelling evidence for a role for aberrant palmitoylation in breast cancer remains to be established. To this end, in this review we summarize emerging evidence and highlight pertinent knowledge gaps, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Anderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Baldini SF, Wavelet C, Hainault I, Guinez C, Lefebvre T. The Nutrient-Dependent O -GlcNAc Modification Controls the Expression of Liver Fatty Acid Synthase. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3295-3304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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