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Liu H, Zhu Y, Niu H, Jie J, Hua S, Bai X, Wang S, Song L. Activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by G protein-coupled receptor 37 promotes resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19777-19793. [PMID: 37732632 PMCID: PMC10587962 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is a major public health concern and represents the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Among eukaryotes, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family stands as the largest group of membrane proteins. Alterations in GPCR gene expression and dysregulation of signal transduction have been recognized as the markers of malignancy. As a member of the GPCR family, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) exhibits unknown functions in tumors, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) METHODS: We explored the expression and prognosis of GPR37 in NSCLC through TCGA, GTEx, GEO, and GEPIA2. We detected the expression of GPR37 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The study explored the influence of GPR37 on tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we examined the effects of GPR37 on tumor cell apoptosis and invasion. Most importantly, we investigated whether GPR37 affects cisplatin-induced drug resistance in NSCLC. Furthermore, by conducting animal experiments, we assessed the impact of GPR37 on NSCLC and delved into underlying mechanisms. RESULTS (1) In NSCLC, the expression of GPR37 is markedly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues. We found that elevated GPR37 expression predicts an unfavorable prognosis. (2) It was demonstrated that GPR37 positively regulates NSCLC cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, suppresses cell apoptosis, heightens resistance to cisplatin, and promotes tumor formation and growth. Conversely, we observed that GPR37 knockdown suppresses NSCLC cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, promotes cell apoptosis, increases sensitivity to cisplatin, and affects tumor formation and growth. (3) GPR37 activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathways to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby promoting the progression of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that GPR37 acts a crucial role in promoting the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Knockdown of GPR37 significantly inhibits the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that GPR37 may represent a viable therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouFujianChina
| | - Huikun Niu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xiaoxue Bai
- Department of General PracticeThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Yadav RK, Bock CR, Folahan JT, Siwe-Noundou X, Walker AL, King JA, Buerger C, Huang S, Chamcheu JC. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Cells 2023; 12:1671. [PMID: 37371141 PMCID: PMC10297376 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Improved comprehension of the consequences of the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with inflammatory dermatoses has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and to create more effective preventive and treatment methods for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have revealed that certain natural products and synthetic compounds can obstruct the expression/activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, underscoring their potential in managing common and persistent skin inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and associated components in immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses and discusses the potential of bioactive natural products, synthetic scaffolds, and biologic agents in their prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and develop more effective therapies for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Mohammad B. Uddin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Chelsea R. Bock
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Joy T. Folahan
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Anthony L. Walker
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Judy A. King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
- College of Medicine, Belmont University, 900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Claudia Buerger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinic of the Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
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Badoiu SC, Greabu M, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Ilinca R, Balan DG, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Mihai DA, Vacaroiu IA, Stefani C, Jinga V. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Dysregulation and Reprogramming Metabolic Pathways in Renal Cancer: Crosstalk with the VHL/HIF Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8391. [PMID: 37176098 PMCID: PMC10179314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 85-95% of kidney cancers and is the most frequent type of renal cancer in adult patients. It accounts for 3% of all cancer cases and is in 7th place among the most frequent histological types of cancer. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounts for 75% of RCCs and has the most kidney cancer-related deaths. One-third of the patients with ccRCC develop metastases. Renal cancer presents cellular alterations in sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acid metabolism. RCC is characterized by several metabolic dysregulations including oxygen sensing (VHL/HIF pathway), glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 4) energy sensing, and energy nutrient sensing cascade. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important characteristic of the cancer cells to survive in nutrient and oxygen-deprived environments, to proliferate and metastasize in different body sites. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is usually dysregulated in various cancer types including renal cancer. This molecular pathway is frequently correlated with tumor growth and survival. The main aim of this review is to present renal cancer types, dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members, crosstalk with VHL/HIF axis, and carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acid alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 134 Calea Plevnei, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Hospital, 050653 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Clinical Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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Alves LB, Moura AC, Amorim Dos Santos J, Borges GA, Guerra ENS. Pharmacological PI3K inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105558. [PMID: 36681288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering the role of PI3K and its downstream effectors in cell proliferation, invasion, and survival, it is reasonable to expect that treatment with PI3K inhibitors could control HNSCC onset and progression. Thus, the research question for our review was whether pharmacological inhibition of PI3K affects HNSCC progression. METHODS In vitro and in vivo studies were selected from six databases. We collected data regarding cell viability, apoptosis, and the regulation of protein expression levels from in vitro studies. For the in vivo studies, we analyzed the reduction in tumor size or gene and protein expression. RESULTS The included studies showed reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis after treatment with PI3K inhibitors. PI3K inhibitors in combination with other drugs had an enhanced anticancer effects compared to those of single-drug treatments. CONCLUSIONS The results support the potential of PI3K inhibitors as candidates for clinical trials in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Alves
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - A C Moura
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - J Amorim Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - G A Borges
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - E N S Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Choi JS, Cho YY. Novel wiring of the AKT-RSK2 signaling pathway plays an essential role in cancer cell proliferation via a G 1/S cell cycle transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:66-74. [PMID: 36566564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
p90 Ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase regulating cell proliferation and transformation induced by tumor promoters, such as epidermal growth factor, plays a vital role as a signaling hub to modulate cell proliferation, transformation, cell cycle transition, and chromatin remodeling by tumor promoter stimulation such as epidermal growth factor. On the other hand, the RSK2-mediated signaling networks that regulate cancer cell proliferation are unclear. In this study, SKOV3, an ovarian cancer cell that exhibits chemoresistant properties, and TOV-112D cells showed different sensitivities to colony growth in soft agar. Based on the protein profile shown in a previous report, RSK2 knockdown preferentially and significantly suppressed cell proliferation and colony growth. Moreover, RSK2 interacted with AKTs (AKT 1-3) via the N-terminal kinase domain (NTKD) of RSK2, resulting in the phosphorylation of RSK2. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation consensus sequence, RxRxxS/T, on RSK2 NTKD (Thr115) was well conserved in different species. In particular, an in vitro kinase assay showed that NTKD deleted and Thr115Ala mutants of RSK2 abolished AKT1-mediated phosphorylation. In the physiological assay of RSK2 phosphorylation at Thr115 on cell proliferation, AKT1-mediated RSK2 phosphorylation at Thr115 played an essential role in cell proliferation. The re-introduction of RSK2-T115A to RSK2-/- MEF attenuated the EGF-induced G1/S cell cycle transition compared to RSK2-wt introducing RSK2-/- MEFs. This attenuation was observed by EGF stimulations and insulin-like growth factor-1. Overall, these results show that novel wiring of the AKT/RSKs signaling axis plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation by modulating the G1/S cell cycle transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Choi
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmu-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmu-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YJ, Jung SP, Bae JW, Yang SM, You JY, Bae SY. Prognosis according to the timing of recurrence in breast cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 104:1-9. [PMID: 36685773 PMCID: PMC9830048 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.104.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinically, breast cancer can be divided into 4 subtypes based on the presence of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67. Because the pattern and time of recurrence vary according to the subtype, we evaluated whether there was a difference in overall survival (OS) among the subtypes according to the time and type of recurrence. Methods A total of 2,730 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery were analyzed. Early and late recurrence were defined as recurrence within and after 5 years of diagnosis, respectively. Recurrence type was categorized as locoregional recurrence or systemic recurrence. Results Hormone receptor-positive tumors were significantly more frequent in the late recurrence group than in the early recurrence group (estrogen receptor positive, 47.8% [early] vs. 78.7% [late]). However, there was no difference in the rate of HER2 overexpression (HER2+, 38.1% [early] vs.39.0% [late]). In subgroup analysis, early recurrence was a significant prognostic factor for OS in all subtypes. However, late recurrence was a significant prognostic factor for OS only in the luminal B subtype (hazard ratio of 4.30). In addition, the luminal B type had the highest proportion in late recurrence patients (63.2%). Conclusion The luminal B subtype had a high rate of late recurrence, and late recurrence was a poor prognostic factor for OS only in this subgroup. Therefore, further targeted treatments for luminal B breast cancer are needed and patients with this subtype require close long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Pil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeoung Won Bae
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Moon Yang
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young You
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Park J, An G, Lim W, Song G. Aclonifen induces bovine mammary gland epithelial cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis and inducing ROS production. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105011. [PMID: 35082034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides play key roles in agriculture. Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops. Since it has a long half-life, it is considered persistent and can easily accumulate in the environment. Therefore, livestock and humans are at risk of exposure to aclonifen. Importantly, aclonifen is toxic to several mammals such as rats, mice, and dogs. However, the toxicity of aclonifen in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate its toxicity in cattle using bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T). We found that aclonifen induces sub-G1 phase arrest and represses MAC-T proliferation. In addition, aclonifen caused mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by excessive ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostases were disrupted after aclonifen treatment. Moreover, aclonifen treatment caused alterations in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, which are involved in the regulation of cell survival and death. In conclusion, aclonifen causes MAC-T cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and the collapse of calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Binuclear silver(I) complexes with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic activity and evaluation of cellular mechanism of action. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mercurio L, Albanesi C, Madonna S. Recent Updates on the Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665647. [PMID: 33996865 PMCID: PMC8119789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) represents a family of different classes of kinases which control multiple biological processes in mammalian cells, such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Class IA PI3Ks, the main regulators of proliferative signals, consists of a catalytic subunit (α, β, δ) that binds p85 regulatory subunit and mediates activation of AKT and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and regulation of downstream effectors. Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skin contributes to several pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, including skin cancers, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) display PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling hyperactivation, implicated in hyperproliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as in resistance to apoptosis. Upregulation of mTOR signaling proteins has also been reported in psoriasis, in association with enhanced proliferation, defective keratinocyte differentiation, senescence-like growth arrest, and resistance to apoptosis, accounting for major parts of the overall disease phenotypes. On the contrary, PI3K/AKT/mTOR role in AD is less characterized, even though recent evidence demonstrates the relevant function for mTOR pathway in the regulation of epidermal barrier formation and stratification. In this review, we provide the most recent updates on the role and function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular axis in the pathogenesis of different hyperproliferative skin disorders, and highlights on the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on PI3K-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Novel Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid Against Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:729-746. [PMID: 33914261 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of six novel complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid with Co(II) and Ni(II). In vitro cytotoxicity screening in MCF-7, HepG2 and HT-29 cancer cell lines showed that the complex 3 [Co(nif)2(met)(4-pic)] and complex 6 [Ni(nif)2(met)(4-pic)] among all the complexes exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 11.14 µM and, 41.47 µM, respectively. Besides, all the complexes exhibited significantly higher selectivity towards mouse fibroblast 3T3L1 cells. Further mechanistic studies with both complexes on MCF-7 cells revealed their cytotoxic action through the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway causing an increase oxidative/nitrosative stress, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), inducing the multicaspase activation and arresting the cell cycle at S phase. q-PCR analysis resulted in an increase in the expression of the apoptotic marker proteins bax, p53 and caspase-3 and -8 in MCF-7 cells, but a decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene. Moreover, both complexes induced the apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of PI3K and increasing dephosphorylation form of Akt protein. These results provide a significant contribution to the explanation of the anticancer mechanisms of these complexes in MCF-7 cells.
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Yang J, Huang H, Xiao D, Duan Y, Zheng Y, Chen Z. Knockdown of TMED3 inhibits cell viability and migration and increases apoptosis in human chordoma cells. Int J Oncol 2021; 58:15. [PMID: 33760171 PMCID: PMC7949631 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare low‑grade tumor of the axial skeleton. Over previous decades, a range of targeted drugs have been used for treating chordoma, with more specific and effective therapies under investigation. Transmembrane Emp24 protein transport domain containing 3 (TMED3) is a novel gene reported to be a regulator of oncogenesis, cancer development and metastasis; however, its role in chordoma remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of TMED3 was investigated in chordoma cells, and the effect of TMED3 knockdown on chordoma development was examined in vitro and in vivo, followed by exploration of differentially expressed proteins in TMED3‑silenced chordoma cells via an apoptosis antibody array. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot assays were performed to determine the expression levels. It was revealed that TMED3 was highly expressed in chordoma, and that knockdown of TMED3 inhibited cell viability and migration, and enhanced the apoptosis of chordoma cells. Additionally, knockdown of TMED3 inhibited the expression of Bcl‑2, heat shock protein 27, insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑I, IGF‑II, IGF binding protein‑2, Livin, Akt, CDK6 and cyclin D1 proteins, whereas MAPK9 was upregulated. Furthermore, a xenograft nude mice model demonstrated that TMED3 expression promoted tumor growth. Collectively, the present findings suggested that knockdown of TMED3 inhibited cell viability and migration, and enhanced apoptosis in chordoma cells, and that TMED3 may be a novel target for chordoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Hanwen Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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12
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Kanumuri R, Saravanan R, Pavithra V, Sundaram S, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Current trends and opportunities in targeting p21 activated kinase-1(PAK1) for therapeutic management of breast cancers. Gene 2020; 760:144991. [PMID: 32717309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Identifying reliable biomarkers and druggable molecular targets pose to be a significant quest in breast cancer research. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that direct cell motility, cytoskeletal remodelling, and has been shown to function as a downstream regulator for various cancer signalling cascades that promote cell proliferation, apoptosis deregulation and hasten mitotic abnormalities, resulting in tumor formation and progression. The heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance are important factors that challenge the treatment of breast cancer. p21-activated kinase 1 signalling is crucial for activation of the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signalling cascades which regulate cell survival, cell cycle progression, differentiation, and proliferation. A study involving proteogenomics analysis on breast cancer tissues showed the PAK1 as outlier kinase. In addition to this, few outlier molecules were identified specific to subtypes of breast cancer. A few substrates of PAK1 in breast cancer are already known. In this paper, we have discussed a similar approach called Kinase Interacting Substrate Screening (KISS) for the identification of novel oncogenic substrates of p21-activated kinase specific to subtypes of breast cancer. Such high throughput approaches are expected to accelerate the process of identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Pavithra
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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13
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Du J, Xu Y, Sasada S, Oo AKK, Hassan G, Mahmud H, Khayrani AC, Alam MJ, Kumon K, Uesaki R, Afify SM, Mansour HM, Nair N, Zahra MH, Seno A, Okada N, Chen L, Yan T, Seno M. Signaling Inhibitors Accelerate the Conversion of mouse iPS Cells into Cancer Stem Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9955. [PMID: 32572057 PMCID: PMC7308356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a class of cancer cells characterized by self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenic potential. We previously established a model of CSCs by culturing mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) for four weeks in the presence of a conditioned medium (CM) of cancer cell lines, which functioned as the tumor microenvironment. Based on this methodology of developing CSCs from miPSCs, we assessed the risk of 110 non-mutagenic chemical compounds, most of which are known as inhibitors of cytoplasmic signaling pathways, as potential carcinogens. We treated miPSCs with each compound for one week in the presence of a CM of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. However, one-week period was too short for the CM to convert miPSCs into CSCs. Consequently, PDO325901 (MEK inhibitor), CHIR99021 (GSK-3β inhibitor) and Dasatinib (Abl, Src and c-Kit inhibitor) were found to confer miPSCs with the CSC phenotype in one week. The tumor cells that survived exhibited stemness markers, spheroid formation and tumorigenesis in Balb/c nude mice. Hence, we concluded that the three signal inhibitors accelerated the conversion of miPSCs into CSCs. Similarly to our previous study, we found that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was upregulated in the CSCs. Herein, we focused on the expression of relative genes after the treatment with these three inhibitors. Our results demonstrated an increased expression of pik3ca, pik3cb, pik3r5 and pik3r1 genes indicating class IA PI3K as the responsible signaling pathway. Hence, AKT phosphorylation was found to be up-regulated in the obtained CSCs. Inhibition of Erk1/2, tyrosine kinase, and/or GSK-3β was implied to be involved in the enhancement of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the undifferentiated cells, resulting in the sustained stemness, and subsequent conversion of miPSCs into CSCs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yanning Xu
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300100, People's Republic of China
| | - Saki Sasada
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aung Ko Ko Oo
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Hafizah Mahmud
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Apriliana Cahya Khayrani
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Division of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kumon
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Uesaki
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom-Menoufia, 32511, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Hager M Mansour
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Neha Nair
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Okayama University Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering in Detroit, IBio, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Okada
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, 300100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. .,Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. .,Okayama University Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering in Detroit, IBio, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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14
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Kovacs D, Maresca V, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Picardo M, Cardinali G. Bovine colostrum induces the differentiation of human primary keratinocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:6302-6321. [PMID: 32157742 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900103rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum, the first milk secreted by the mammary glands of cows shortly after they have given birth, provides a natural source of bioactive substances helpful to promote tissue development and repair, and to maintain a healthy immune system. Owing to its properties, the use of colostrum in the treatment of human diseases is under investigation. We evaluated the biological activity of colostrum on human primary keratinocytes, focusing on its effects with regard to a proliferation/differentiation balance. Using cellular and molecular approaches, we showed that colostrum favors a cell cycle withdrawal by increasing the expression of p21/WAF1 and p27/KIP1. It also promotes the transition of keratinocytes from a proliferating to a differentiating state, as assessed by a decrease in keratin 5 and an increase in keratin 16. We demonstrated the ability of colostrum to induce the expression of early and late differentiation markers (keratin 1, involucrin, and filaggrin) and the synthesis of caspase 14 and bleomycin hydrolase, the two main enzymes involved in filaggrin maturation. Moreover, we showed that bovine colostrum is able to promote keratinocyte stratification and terminal differentiation not only in two-dimensional (2D), but also in a more physiological system of three-dimensional (3D) skin equivalents. Finally, we demonstrated that colostrum stimulates cell differentiation through the PI3K/PLC-γ1/PKCα pathways mainly associated to tyrosine kinase receptors. These results suggest the possibility to benefit from colostrum properties for the treatment of skin diseases characterized by altered differentiation and perturbed barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Zhang X, Yao C, Bian W, Chen X, Xue J, Zhu Z, Ying Y, Xu YL, Wang C. Effects of Astragaloside IV on treatment of breast cancer cells execute possibly through regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3403-3413. [PMID: 31762993 PMCID: PMC6848822 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has from ancient times been applied in China for the treatment of breast cancer with its own unique theoretical system. Sanhuang decoction composed of astragalus membranaceus, prepared rhubarb, and rhizoma curcumae longae has traditionally been used for antioxidant stress, inflammatory reaction, and angiogenesis. However, the role and mechanism of Sanhuang decoction in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study demonstrated the antitumor activity of Sanhuang decoction against breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. Notably, Sanhuang decoction promoted severe necrosis and induced cell death. In addition, Sanhuang decoction obviously regulated the inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite these, Sanhuang decoction could increase the expression of Nrf2. Moreover, si-Nrf2 exhibited the opposite effects compared with the Sanhuang decoction treatment group and reversed the antibreast cancer role of Sanhuang decoction. Further, Sanhuang decoction remarkably suppressed the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, Sanhuang decoction was firstly evaluated to possess potent antibreast cancer effect in vivo through regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress accomplished by up-regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and Sanhuang decoction might be a powerful candidate formula for antibreast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qing Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Chang Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Wei‐He Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Xu Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jing‐Xian Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Zhi‐Yuan Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yu Ying
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yan Lei Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Cong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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16
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Curigliano G, Shah RR. Safety and Tolerability of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors in Oncology. Drug Saf 2019; 42:247-262. [PMID: 30649751 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and downstream signalling by AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulates cellular processes such as increased cell growth, cell proliferation and increased cell migration as well as deregulated apoptosis and oncogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (particularly Class I PI3K isoforms) is frequently activated in a variety of solid tumours and haematological malignancies, making PI3K an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. Inhibitors of PI3K also have the potential to restore sensitivity to other modalities of treatments when administered as part of combination regimens. Although many PI3K inhibitors have reached different stages of clinical development, only two (idelalisib and copanlisib) have been currently approved for use in the treatment of B cell lymphoma and leukaemias. While these two agents are effective clinically, their use is associated with a number of serious class-related as well as drug-specific adverse effects. Some of these are immune-mediated and include cutaneous reactions, severe diarrhoea with or without colitis, hepatotoxicity and pneumonitis. They also induce various metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. Not surprisingly, therefore, many new PI3K inhibitors with a varying degree of target selectivity have been synthesised in expectations of improved safety and efficacy, and are currently under clinical investigations for use in a variety of solid tumours as well as haematological malignancies. However, evidence from early clinical trials, reviewed herein, suggests that these newer agents are also associated not only with class-related but also other serious and unexpected adverse effects. Their risk/benefit evaluations have resulted in a number of them being discontinued from further development. Cumulative experience with the use of PI3K inhibitors under development suggests that, compared with their use as monotherapy, combining them with other anticancer therapies may be a more effective strategy in improving current standard-of-care and clinical outcomes in cancers beyond haematological cancers. For example, combination of alpelisib with fulvestrant has recently demonstrated unexpectedly superior efficacy compared to fulvestrant alone. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory activity of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ inhibitors also provides unexpected opportunities for their use in cancer immunotherapy, as is currently being tested in several clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rashmi R Shah
- Pharmaceutical Consultant, 8 Birchdale, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 7JA, UK.
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17
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Minami H, Fujiwara Y, Muro K, Sato M, Moriya A. Phase I study of BGT226, a pan-PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:337-343. [PMID: 31190275 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a promising therapeutic target for various cancers. BGT226 is a pan-PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. The tolerability and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of BGT226 were investigated in a phase I study in Japanese patients with advanced solid cancers. BGT226 was orally administered on days 1, 3, and 5 of each week. The initial dose of 10 mg was subsequently escalated to 20, 40, 80, and 100 mg in a cohort of three patients. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were investigated using plasma, normal skin, and tumor samples. A total of 18 patients were enrolled and evaluated. The most frequently reported toxicities were diarrhea, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, and fatigue. They were all grade 1 or 2, and no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. However, all six patients treated at 100 mg experienced diarrhea and nausea, while two experienced a dose reduction and/or interruptions during the study. Two of five patients who exhibited stable disease continued the study treatment for ≥ 16 weeks. The absorption of BGT226 was rapid, and systemic exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with BGT226 did not change any of the biomarkers in neither normal skin nor tumor tissues. BGT226 was tolerated up to 100 mg three times a week in Japanese patients with solid cancers, without difference in toxicity profiles and pharmacokinetics compared to Western patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Minami
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. .,Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.,Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Outpatient Treatment Center, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Yoo SM, Lee CJ, Kang HC, Lee HS, Lee JY, Kim KD, Kim DJ, An HJ, Cho YY. Epimagnolin targeting on an active pocket of mammalian target of rapamycin suppressed cell transformation and colony growth of lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1221-1233. [PMID: 30887599 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and cancer cell proliferation in diverse human cancers. In this study, we observed that epimagnolin, a natural compound abundantly found in Shin-Yi, suppressed cell proliferation by inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced G1/S cell-cycle phase transition in JB6 Cl41 cells. Interestingly, epimagnolin suppressed EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation strongly at Ser473 and weakly at Thr308 without alteration of phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK kinases (MEKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), and RSK1, resulting in abrogation of the phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and p70S6K at Thr389. Moreover, we found that epimagnolin suppressed c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63/73, resulting in the inhibition of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transactivation activity. Computational docking indicated that epimagnolin targeted an active pocket of the mTOR kinase domain by forming three hydrogen bonds and three hydrophobic interactions. The prediction was confirmed by using in vitro kinase and adenosine triphosphate-bead competition assays. The inhibition of mTOR kinase activity resulted in the suppression of anchorage-independent cell transformation. Importantly, epimagnolin efficiently suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony growth of H1650 rather than H460 lung cancer cells with dependency of total and phosphorylated protein levels of mTOR and Akt. Inhibitory signaling of epimagnolin on cell proliferation of lung cancer cells was observed mainly in mTOR-Akt-p70S6K and mTOR-Akt-GSK3β-AP-1, which was similar to that shown in JB6 Cl41 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that epimagnolin potentiates as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents by direct active pocket targeting of mTOR kinase, resulting in sensitizing cancer cells harboring enhanced phosphorylation of the mTORC2-Akt-p70S6k signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Yoo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Hyun-Jung An
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Basic Research Laboratory & BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jiang Y, Liu G, Zhang L, Cheng S, Luo C, Liao Y, Guo S. Therapeutic efficacy of hydrogen‑rich saline alone and in combination with PI3K inhibitor in non‑small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2182-2190. [PMID: 29901139 PMCID: PMC6072234 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of combination therapy of LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), with hydrogen-rich saline on the proliferation and apoptosis of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line and the mechanisms underpinning this. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce DNA mutations, DNA damage, genomic instability and cell proliferation, and ROS are involved in several types of cancer, particularly lung cancer. In a previous study, hydrogen was recognized as an antioxidant in preventive and therapeutic applications. The PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is an important signaling pathway that may activate downstream of a series of extracellular signals and impact on cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival. To date, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been indicated as a feasible target for novel antineoplastic drugs. Different strategies combining the two treatment modalities have been used in cancer therapy in order to achieve an improved therapeutic response and longer control of tumor modalities control. The present study investigated the effect of hydrogen-rich saline alone and in combination with the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, on the proliferation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of NSCLC A549 cells. This combination therapy may be more effective than separate drug treatment; it decreased the malondialdehyde level and increased the superoxide dismutase activity. The combination therapy also enhanced the efficacy of anti-proliferation and apoptosis. Similarly, the results of the present study demonstrated that administration of the two agents in combination may inhibit phospho-Akt activity, and reduce expression of heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-κB p65. The results further suggested that the combination therapy may reduce cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by downregulating Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting the PI3K pathway in NSCLC cell lines. Therefore, the present study provided evidence that combined therapy may be a novel therapeutic option for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University‑Town Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Biosynthetic pathway for furanosteroid demethoxyviridin and identification of an unusual pregnane side-chain cleavage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1838. [PMID: 29743477 PMCID: PMC5943271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Furanosteroids, represented by wortmannin, viridin, and demethoxyviridin, are a special group of fungal-derived, highly oxygenated steroids featured by an extra furan ring. They are well-known nanomolar-potency inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and widely used in biological studies. Despite their importance, the biosyntheses of these molecules are poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for demethoxyviridin, consisting of 19 genes, and among them 15 biosynthetic genes, including six cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes, are deleted. As a result, 14 biosynthetic intermediates are isolated, and the biosynthetic pathway for demethoxyviridin is elucidated. Notably, the pregnane side-chain cleavage requires three enzymes: flavin-dependent Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, esterase, and dehydrogenase, in sharp contrast to the single cytochrome P450-mediated process in mammalian cells. Structure–activity analyses of these obtained biosynthetic intermediates reveal that the 3-keto group, the C1β–OH, and the aromatic ring C are important for the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Demethoxyviridin is a fungal steroid that inhibits a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, an enzyme contributing to tumor progression. Here, the authors elucidate the biosynthetic route that leads to the formation of demethoxyviridin in fungi.
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Docrat TF, Nagiah S, Krishnan A, Naidoo DB, Chuturgoon AA. Atorvastatin induces MicroRNA-145 expression in HEPG2 cells via regulation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:32-40. [PMID: 29630879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of statins as a potential cancer drug has been investigated; however the molecular mechanisms involved in their anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects remain elusive. In our study, we investigated the involvement of downstream mevalonate products that mediate the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative effects of Atorvastatin (Ato), and its effect on microRNA-145 expression in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. An amorphous soluble form of Ato was prepared and found to be cytotoxic in vitro [IC50 (1.2 mM); 48 h]. Atorvastatin induced a dose-dependent increase in cell mortality with a concomitant depletion of intracellular ATP levels (p = 0.005); significantly increased extracellular nitrite levels (p = 0.001) and decreased lipid peroxidation (p = 0.0097) despite a decrease in GSH. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway was activated via increased caspase -9 (p < 0.0001) and -3/7 (p = 0.0003) activities. Increased protein expression of pGSK3-(α/β) (p = 0.0338), p53 (p = 0.0032), Mdm2 (p < 0.0001), with significantly diminished levels of PI3K (p = 0.0013), pAKT (p = 0.0035), and Akt (p = 0.0077), indicated that Ato-mediated cell death occurred via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Additionally, the expression of PI3K (p = 0.0001) and c-myc (p = 0.0127) were also downregulated, whilst and miRNA-145 (p = 0.0156) was upregulated. In conclusion our data strongly indicates a plausible mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effects of Ato and is the first study to show that Ato modulates miR-145 expression in hepatocytes. ≤ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Fathima Docrat
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Dhaneshree B Naidoo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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22
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Bach DH, Kim D, Bae SY, Kim WK, Hong JY, Lee HJ, Rajasekaran N, Kwon S, Fan Y, Luu TTT, Shin YK, Lee J, Lee SK. Targeting Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase and miR-449a in EGFR-TKI-Resistant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:455-467. [PMID: 29858080 PMCID: PMC5992482 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are used clinically as target therapies for lung cancer patients, but the occurrence of acquired drug resistance limits their efficacy. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a cancer-associated metabolic enzyme, is commonly overexpressed in various human tumors. Emerging evidence also suggests a crucial loss of function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating tumor progression in response to standard therapies. However, their precise roles in regulating the development of drug-resistant tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. Herein, we established EGFR-TKI-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models and observed a negative correlation between the expression levels of NNMT and miR-449a in tumor cells. Additionally, knockdown of NNMT suppressed p-Akt and tumorigenesis, while re-expression of miR-449a induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, yuanhuadine, an antitumor agent, significantly upregulated miR-449a levels while critically suppressing NNMT expression. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance to NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yi Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nirmal Rajasekaran
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonbum Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yanhua Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thi-Thu-Trang Luu
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Alotaibi MR, Hassan ZK, Al-Rejaie SS, Alshammari MA, Almutairi MM, Alhoshani AR, Alanazi WA, Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA. Characterization of Apoptosis in a Breast Cancer Cell Line after IL-10 Silencing. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:777-783. [PMID: 29582634 PMCID: PMC5980855 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is affected by the immune system in that different cytokines play roles in its initiation
and progression. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is an immunosuppressive factor involved in
tumorigenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the gene silencing effect of a small interference RNA
(siRNA) targeting IL-10 on the apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cell line. Methods: The siRNA targeting IL-10 and
a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) clone were introduced into MDA-MB-231 cells. Real-time
PCR assays were used to determine IL-10 and GAPDH gene expression levels, in addition to those for protein kinase
B (AKT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes related to
apoptosis. Results: Inhibition of IL-10 by the siRNA accelerated apoptosis and was accompanied by significant
increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 and a significant decrease in PI3K, AKT and Bcl2 expression levels compared to
the non-transfected case. Conclusions: In conclusion, the production of IL-10 may represent a new escape mechanism
by breast cancer cells to evade destruction by the immune system. IL-10 gene silencing causes down regulation of both
PI3K/AKT and Bcl2 gene expression and also increases the Bbc3, BAX caspase3, and caspase 3 cleavage expression
levels. IL–10 might represent a promising new target for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moureq R Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Schulten HJ, Bangash M, Karim S, Dallol A, Hussein D, Merdad A, Al-Thoubaity FK, Al-Maghrabi J, Jamal A, Al-Ghamdi F, Choudhry H, Baeesa SS, Chaudhary AG, Al-Qahtani MH. Comprehensive molecular biomarker identification in breast cancer brain metastases. J Transl Med 2017; 15:269. [PMID: 29287594 PMCID: PMC5747948 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) develop in about 20–30% of breast cancer (BC) patients. BCBM are associated with dismal prognosis not at least due to lack of valuable molecular therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was to identify new molecular biomarkers and targets in BCBM by using complementary state-of-the-art techniques. Methods We compared array expression profiles of three BCBM with 16 non-brain metastatic BC and 16 primary brain tumors (prBT) using a false discovery rate (FDR) p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2. Biofunctional analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed probe sets. High-density arrays were employed to detect copy number variations (CNVs) and whole exome sequencing (WES) with paired-end reads of 150 bp was utilized to detect gene mutations in the three BCBM. Results The top 370 probe sets that were differentially expressed between BCBM and both BC and prBT were in the majority comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included, e.g. the coding genes BCL3, BNIP3, BNIP3P1, BRIP1, CASP14, CDC25A, DMBT1, IDH2, E2F1, MYCN, RAD51, RAD54L, and VDR. A number of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included SNORA1, SNORA2A, SNORA9, SNORA10, SNORA22, SNORA24, SNORA30, SNORA37, SNORA38, SNORA52, SNORA71A, SNORA71B, SNORA71C, SNORD13P2, SNORD15A, SNORD34, SNORD35A, SNORD41, SNORD53, and SCARNA22. The top canonical pathway was entitled, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response. Network analysis revealed key nodes as Akt, ERK1/2, NFkB, and Ras in a predicted activation stage. Downregulated genes in a data set that was shared between BCBM and prBT comprised, e.g. BC cell line invasion markers JUN, MMP3, TFF1, and HAS2. Important cancer genes affected by CNVs included TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, ERBB2, IDH1, and IDH2. WES detected numerous mutations, some of which affecting BC associated genes as CDH1, HEPACAM, and LOXHD1. Conclusions Using complementary molecular genetic techniques, this study identified shared and unshared molecular events in three highly aberrant BCBM emphasizing the challenge to detect new molecular biomarkers and targets with translational implications. Among new findings with the capacity to gain clinical relevance is the detection of overexpressed snoRNAs known to regulate some critical cellular functions as ribosome biogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Merdad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma K Al-Thoubaity
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Targeting PDK1 for Chemosensitization of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100140. [PMID: 29064423 PMCID: PMC5664079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development in the field of oncology, cancer remains the second cause of mortality worldwide, with the number of new cases expected to more than double in the coming years. Chemotherapy is widely used to decelerate or stop tumour development in combination with surgery or radiation therapy when appropriate, and in many cases this improves the symptomatology of the disease. Unfortunately though, chemotherapy is not applicable to all patients and even when it is, there are many cases where a successful initial treatment period is followed by chemotherapeutic drug resistance. This is caused by a number of reasons, ranging from the genetic background of the patient (innate resistance) to the formation of tumour-initiating cells (acquired resistance). In this review, we discuss the potential role of PDK1 in the development of chemoresistance in different types of malignancy, and the design and application of potent inhibitors which can promote chemosensitization.
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Li Y, Shan Z, Liu C, Yang D, Wu J, Men C, Xu Y. MicroRNA-294 Promotes Cellular Proliferation and Motility through the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT Pathways by Upregulation of NRAS in Bladder Cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:474-482. [PMID: 28371605 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In our study we examined the role of microRNA-294 (miR-294) in bladder cancer and related mechanisms. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression level of miR-294. Western blot was used to determine the expression of NRAS, mainly factors in the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways. Cell counting kit-8 assay, clonogenic assay, wound-healing assay, transwell and flow cytometry were used to explore, respectively, cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell line T24. The expressions of miR-294 in bladder cancer cells including J82, HT1376, T24, and SW780 were significantly increased compared to those in human bladder epithelium cells (both HCV29 and SV-HUC-1). The proliferation rate, surviving fraction, migration, and invasion of T24 cells in miR-294 mimetic transfected group were significantly increased, while they were significantly decreased by miR-294 inhibitor transfection. Moreover, miR-294 suppression could increase the apoptotic rate of T24 cells. In addition, drug resistance of T24 cells to cisplatin was increased in miR-294 mimetic-treated group, while it was decreased by miR-294 inhibitor compared to empty control. Overexpression of miR-294 could upregulate NRAS expression in T24 cells and activate PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways. We found that miR-294 expression was positively related with proliferation and motility of T24 cells. Moreover, miR-294 suppression could promote the sensitivity of T24 cells to cisplatin. We also found miR-294 could upregulate NRAS and activate the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways in T24 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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27
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Jansen VM, Bhola NE, Bauer JA, Formisano L, Lee KM, Hutchinson KE, Witkiewicz AK, Moore PD, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Ericsson PG, Sanders ME, Pohlmann PR, Pishvaian MJ, Riddle DA, Dugger TC, Wei W, Knudsen ES, Arteaga CL. Kinome-Wide RNA Interference Screen Reveals a Role for PDK1 in Acquired Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibition in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2488-2499. [PMID: 28249908 PMCID: PMC5421398 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) small-molecule inhibitors in breast cancer arises through mechanisms that are yet uncharacterized. In this study, we used a kinome-wide siRNA screen to identify kinases that, when downregulated, yield sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib. In this manner, we identified 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) as a key modifier of ribociclib sensitivity in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of PDK1 with GSK2334470 in combination with ribociclib or palbociclib, another CDK4/6 inhibitor, synergistically inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis in a panel of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines. Ribociclib-resistant breast cancer cells selected by chronic drug exposure displayed a relative increase in the levels of PDK1 and activation of the AKT pathway. Analysis of these cells revealed that CDK4/6 inhibition failed to induce cell-cycle arrest or senescence. Mechanistic investigations showed that resistant cells coordinately upregulated expression of cyclins A, E, and D1, activated phospho-CDK2, and phospho-S477/T479 AKT. Treatment with GSK2334470 or the CDK2 inhibitor dinaciclib was sufficient to reverse these events and to restore the sensitivity of ribociclib-resistant cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Ribociclib, in combination with GSK2334470 or the PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib, decreased xenograft tumor growth more potently than each drug alone. Taken together, our results highlight a role for the PI3K-PDK1 signaling pathway in mediating acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2488-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua A Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katherine E Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Preston D Moore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mónica Valéria Estrada
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Violeta Sánchez
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula G Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula R Pohlmann
- Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - David A Riddle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Teresa C Dugger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Zhang H, Sheng L, Tao J, Chen R, Li Y, Sun Z, Qian W. Depletion of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 inhibits progression of renal cell carcinoma via regulating related protein expression and PTEN-PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2498-2506. [PMID: 27779645 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) is suggested to be involved in the development of certain human malignancies. However, the functions of TREM-2 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still less known. To reveal the effects of TREM-2 on the RCC progression, we examined the TREM-2 expression in RCC tumor tissues. Then, we analyzed the cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and expression of the relative factors in two selected RCC cell lines post RNA interference. We also analyzed the functions of TREM-2 in an in vivo nude mouse model. We found that, the expression of TREM-2 was abnormally elevated in RCC tumor tissues. Silencing TREM-2 inhibited cell growth, induced G1 phase arrest of cell cycle and cell apoptosis in RCC cells. In vivo, the results showed that depletion of TREM-2 significantly inhibited the ACHN tumor growth in the nude mouse model. The analysis of relative protein factors suggested that silencing TREM-2 downregulated the expression levels of Bcl2 and PCNA, and upregulated the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 in RCC cell lines. Depletion of TREM-2 inactivated PI3K/Akt pathway through increasing the expression of PTEN. Taken together, TREM-2 acts as an oncogene in the development of RCC and can be considered as a novel therapeutic factor in the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Qian
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 β Pathway. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:9450137. [PMID: 27738547 PMCID: PMC5050371 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9450137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The degenerative loss through apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta plays a primary role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our in vitro experiments suggested that salidroside (Sal) could protect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine-induced cell apoptosis in part by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. The current study aims to increase our understanding of the protective mechanisms of Sal in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropypridine- (MPTP-) induced PD mouse model. We found that pretreatment with Sal could protect against MPTP-induced increase of the time of turning downwards and climbing down to the floor. Sal also prevented MPTP-induced decrease of locomotion frequency and the increase of the immobile time. Sal provided a protection of in MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in SNpc and the level of DA, DOPAC, and HVA in the striatum. Furthermore, Sal could increase the phosphorylation level of Akt and GSK3β, upregulate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and inhibit the activation of caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-9. These results show that Sal prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway signaling pathway may have mediated the protection of Sal against MPTP, suggesting that Sal may be a potential candidate in neuroprotective treatment for PD.
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Inaguma Y, Matsumoto A, Noda M, Tabata H, Maeda A, Goto M, Usui D, Jimbo EF, Kikkawa K, Ohtsuki M, Momoi MY, Osaka H, Yamagata T, Nagata KI. Role of Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the brain development: possible involvement in specific learning disorders. J Neurochem 2016; 139:245-255. [PMID: 27607605 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3C3 or mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, Vps34) regulates vesicular trafficking, autophagy, and nutrient sensing. Recently, we reported that PIK3C3 is expressed in mouse cerebral cortex throughout the developmental process, especially at early embryonic stage. We thus examined the role of PIK3C3 in the development of the mouse cerebral cortex. Acute silencing of PIK3C3 with in utero electroporation method caused positional defects of excitatory neurons during corticogenesis. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the abnormal positioning was at least partially because of the reduced migration velocity. When PIK3C3 was silenced in cortical neurons in one hemisphere, axon extension to the contralateral hemisphere was also delayed. These aberrant phenotypes were rescued by RNAi-resistant PIK3C3. Notably, knockdown of PIK3C3 did not affect the cell cycle of neuronal progenitors and stem cells at the ventricular zone. Taken together, PIK3C3 was thought to play a crucial role in corticogenesis through the regulation of excitatory neuron migration and axon extension. Meanwhile, when we performed comparative genomic hybridization on a patient with specific learning disorders, a 107 Kb-deletion was identified on 18q12.3 (nt. 39554147-39661206) that encompasses exons 5-23 of PIK3C3. Notably, the above aberrant migration and axon growth phenotypes were not rescued by the disease-related truncation mutant (172 amino acids) lacking the C-terminal kinase domain. Thus, functional defects of PIK3C3 might impair corticogenesis and relate to the pathophysiology of specific learning disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Acute knockdown of Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3C3) evokes migration defects of excitatory neurons during corticogenesis. PIK3C3-knockdown also disrupts axon outgrowth, but not progenitor proliferation in vivo. Involvement of PIK3C3 in neurodevelopmental disorders might be an interesting future subject since a deletion mutation in PIK3C3 was detected in a patient with specific learning disorders (SLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Inaguma
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi medical university, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mariko Noda
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tabata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi medical university, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Eriko F Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi medical university, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikkawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Health Science Center, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mariko Y Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi medical university, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi medical university, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan. .,Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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PI3K signaling in Leishmania infections. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:19-22. [PMID: 27622385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PI3K signaling plays a role in the host response to Leishmania infections. At the cellular level PI3K signaling is engaged by the parasite to control several cellular processes, which ensures parasite persistence. At the systemic level, there is evidence that recruitment of regulatory cells into lesions is impaired in the absence of robust PI3K signaling. In this mini-review the more recent studies that investigated the roles of PI3K signaling in Leishmania infections are discussed.
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Phuong NTT, Kim SK, Im JH, Yang JW, Choi MC, Lim SC, Lee KY, Kim YM, Yoon JH, Kang KW. Induction of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13902-16. [PMID: 26418898 PMCID: PMC4924687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that S-adenosylmethionine-mediated hypermethylation of the PTEN promoter was important for the growth of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) cancer cells. Here, we found that the basal expression level of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, was up-regulated in TAMR-MCF-7 cells compared with control MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the basal expression level of MAT2A in T47D cells, a TAM-resistant estrogen receptor-positive cell line was higher compared to MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that MAT2A expression in TAM-resistant human breast cancer tissues was higher than that in TAM-responsive cases. The promoter region of human MAT2A contains binding sites for nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the activities of these three transcription factors were enhanced in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Both the protein expression and transcriptional activity of MAT2A in TAMR-MCF-7 cells were potently suppressed by NF-κB inhibition but not by c-Jun/AP-1 or Nrf2 knock-down. Interestingly, the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-146a and -146b were diminished in TAMR-MCF-7 cells, and miR-146b transduction decreased NF-κB-mediated MAT2A expression. miR-146b restored PTEN expression via the suppression of PTEN promoter methylation in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Additionally, miR-146b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and reversed chemoresistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen in TAMR-MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Phuong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Phuong NTT, Kim SK, Im JH, Yang JW, Choi MC, Lim SC, Lee KY, Kim YM, Yoon JH, Kang KW. Induction of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26418898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5298.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that S-adenosylmethionine-mediated hypermethylation of the PTEN promoter was important for the growth of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) cancer cells. Here, we found that the basal expression level of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, was up-regulated in TAMR-MCF-7 cells compared with control MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the basal expression level of MAT2A in T47D cells, a TAM-resistant estrogen receptor-positive cell line was higher compared to MCF-7 cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that MAT2A expression in TAM-resistant human breast cancer tissues was higher than that in TAM-responsive cases. The promoter region of human MAT2A contains binding sites for nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the activities of these three transcription factors were enhanced in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Both the protein expression and transcriptional activity of MAT2A in TAMR-MCF-7 cells were potently suppressed by NF-κB inhibition but not by c-Jun/AP-1 or Nrf2 knock-down. Interestingly, the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-146a and -146b were diminished in TAMR-MCF-7 cells, and miR-146b transduction decreased NF-κB-mediated MAT2A expression. miR-146b restored PTEN expression via the suppression of PTEN promoter methylation in TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Additionally, miR-146b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and reversed chemoresistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen in TAMR-MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Phuong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Min Chang Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Revisiting the estrogen receptor pathway and its role in endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:231-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Profiling of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) proteins in insulin signaling pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3431-46. [PMID: 25637510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme plays a vital role in the insulin signaling pathway as well as in other pathways that are involved in the growth, migration, and survival of cells. In the insulin signaling pathway, PI3K proteins that include p50α, p85α, p85β, p55γ, p110α, p110β, and p110γ are associated with the critical node-2. This study has used bioinformatic tools to understand phylogenetics, conservation patterns, conserved domains, orientation of residues, and interactions among PI3K proteins. The phylogenetic analysis showed p110α and p110γ with a common origin while p50α and p85α sharing an evolutionary history. The sequence alignment showed the highest score (97) between p85α and p50α. Several highly conserved amino acid residues were found high in p110 beta (n = 102). Subsequently, the number of highly conserved amino acid restudies was low in p50alpha and p55γ (n = 15). The PI3K proteins are evidentially linked to other proteins and pathways as well.
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Exploring the role of two interacting phosphoinositide 3-kinases of Haemonchus contortus. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:498. [PMID: 25388625 PMCID: PMC4233088 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are relatively conserved and important intracellular lipid kinases involved in signalling and other biological pathways. In the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the heterodimeric form of PI3K consists of catalytic (AGE-1) and regulatory (AAP-1) subunits. These subunits are key components of the insulin-like signalling pathway and play roles in the regulation of the entry into and exit from dauer. Although, in parasitic nematodes, similar components are proposed to regulate the transition from free-living or arrested stages to parasitic larvae, nothing is known about PI3Ks in relation to the transition of third-stage larvae (L3s) to parasitism in Haemonchus contortus. Methods An integrated molecular approach was used to investigate age-1 and aap-1 of H. contortus (Hc-age-1 and Hc-aap-1) in C. elegans. Results The two genes Hc-age-1 and Hc-aap-1 were transcribed in all life stages, with the highest levels in the egg, infective L3 and adult female of H. contortus. The expression of these genes was localized to the intestine, contrasting the pattern of their orthologues in C. elegans (where they are expressed in both head neurons and the intestine). The yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that the adaptor-binding domain of Hc-AGE-1 interacted strongly with the Hc-AAP-1; however, this complex did not rescue the function of its orthologue in age-1-deficient C. elegans. Conclusions This is the first time that the PI3K-encoding genes have been characterized from a strongylid parasitic nematode. The findings provide insights into the role of the PI3K heterodimer represented by Hc-age-1 and Hc-aap-1 in the developmental biology of H. contortus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0498-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Burke B. Human activated macrophages and hypoxia: a comprehensive review of the literature. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:820-30. [PMID: 25691922 PMCID: PMC4328089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularised and hypoxic sites including solid tumours, wounds and sites of infection and inflammation where they can be exposed to low levels of oxygen for long periods. Up to date, different studies have shown that a number of transcription factors are activated by hypoxia which in turn activate a broad array of mitogenic, pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and pro-metastatic genes. On the other hand, macrophages respond to hypoxia by up-regulating several genes which are chief factors in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Therefore, in this review article we focus mainly on the role of macrophages during inflammation and discuss their response to hypoxia by regulating a diverse array of transcription factors. We also review the existing literatures on hypoxia and its cellular and molecular mechanism which mediates macrophages activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Resalat highway, Tehran, Iran. Royan Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Centre. Tel: +98-21-22306485; Fax: +98-21-22310406;
| | - Bernard Burke
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
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Xi X, Tatei K, Kihara Y, Izumi T. Expression pattern of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase and distribution of its product, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, during Drosophila embryogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 15:88-95. [PMID: 24928809 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) can be activated by a large variety of extracellular stimuli and is responsible for generating phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P(3)) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate at the plasma membrane. The expression pattern of the class I PI3K and distribution of PI(3,4,5)P(3), visualized by its specific binding protein, GRP1-PH, were examined during Drosophila embryogenesis. We found that the RNA of Pi3K21B, encoding the Drosophila p60 regulatory subunit of the class I PI3Ks, was expressed maternally and expressed primarily in pole cells after cellularization until completion of germ band elongation. The RNA of Pi3K92E, encoding the Drosophila p110 catalytic subunit of the class I PI3Ks, was also expressed maternally. During gastrulation, its transcript level became lower and was slightly enriched in invaginating cells. Both Pi3K21B and Pi3K92E were expressed ubiquitously after germ band elongation and persisted during germ band shortening. PI(3,4,5)P(3) was distributed at the apical region of the invaginating cells during gastrulation. These findings suggest a possible involvement of class I PI3K and PI(3,4,5)P(3) in the regulation of invagination during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tatei
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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EGFR mediates docetaxel resistance in human castration-resistant prostate cancer through the Akt-dependent expression of ABCB1 (MDR1). Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:591-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bhattacharya S, Das T, Biswas A, Gomes A, Gomes A, Dungdung SR. A cytotoxic protein (BF-CT1) purified from Bungarus fasciatus venom acts through apoptosis, modulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPKinase pathway and cell cycle regulation. Toxicon 2013; 74:138-50. [PMID: 23981271 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BF-CT1, a 13 kDa protein isolated from Bungarus fasciatus snake venom through CM cellulose ion exchange chromatography at 0.02 M NaCl salt gradient showed cytotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In in vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced BALB/c mice model, BF-CT1 treatment reduced EAC cell count significantly through apoptotic cell death pathway as evidenced by FACS analysis, increased caspase 3, 9 activity and altered pro, antiapoptotic protein expression. BF-CT1 treatment caused cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and induced apoptosis through increased caspase 3, caspase 9 activity, PARP cleavage and down regulation of heat shock proteins in U937 leukemic cell line. Cytosolic cytochrome C production was increased after BF-CT1 treatment upon U937 cell line. BF-CT1 treated U937 cell showed cell cycle arrest at sub G1 phase through cyclin D and CDK down regulation with up regulation of p15 and p16. It also down regulated PI3K/AKT pathway and MAPkinase pathway and promoted apoptosis and regulated cell proliferation in U937 cells. BF-CT1 prevented angiogenesis in in vitro U937 cell line through decreased VEGF and TGF-β1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Bhattacharya
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Yun SM, Lee JH, Jung KH, Lee H, Lee S, Hong S, Hong SS. Induction of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by HS-159, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:201-9. [PMID: 23604199 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival in human cancer and is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we synthesized a novel PI3Kα inhibitor, HS-159 [N-(5-(3-(3-cyanophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide] and evaluated its anticancer effects on Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. HS-159 effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of downstream PI3K effectors such as Akt, mTOR and P70S6 kinases in a dose-dependent manner. This compound also induced apoptosis and increased the fraction of apoptotic cells in the sub-G1 phase as well as the levels of cleaved PARP, caspase-3 and -9. Furthermore, HS-159 decreased the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor which play important roles in angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic effect of HS-159 was confirmed by the suppression of tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HS-159 exhibited anticancer activities including the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway in Huh-7 cells. Therefore, we suggest that this drug may be potentially used for targeted HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mi Yun
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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IPD-196, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor with potent anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 329:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Garg R, Kapoor V, Mittal M, Singh MK, Shukla NK, Das SN. Abnormal expression of PI3K isoforms in patients with tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 416:100-6. [PMID: 23228846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling regulates several cellular functions such as motility, proliferation, angiogenesis and survival. METHODS Since there is no information on expression of PI3K isoforms in oral cancer, we studied the expression of different isoforms of PI3K (p110α, p110γ, PI3K-C2, Vps34p and p85α) in tumor samples and PBMC by RT and q-RTPCR and serum levels of PI3K p110α by SPR and ELISA techniques in 108 patients with tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 46 normal subjects. RESULTS We observed significantly higher PI3K p110α (p<0.0001) and lower (p<0.0001) vesicular sorting protein 34p (Vps34p) mRNA both in PBMC and tissue samples of oral cancer patients as compared to the normal controls. Other PI3K isoforms did not show such change. Circulating PI3K p110α levels were higher in patients (p<0.0001) as compared to healthy subjects, the SPR data showed direct correlation with advancing stage of the disease. PI3K p110α was overexpressed in tumor samples but not in the normal buccal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of circulating PI3K p110α isoform and its direct correlation with increasing tumor load in OSCC patients indicates that it may be a significant prognostic indicator and a suitable target for therapeutic/chemo-preventive strategies for tobacco-related OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
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Vera-Ramirez L, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Sanchez-Rovira P, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Granados-Principal S, Lorente JA, Quiles JL. Impact of Diet on Breast Cancer Risk: A Review of Experimental and Observational Studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:49-75. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.521600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Chang PH, Hwang-Verslues WW, Chang YC, Chen CC, Hsiao M, Jeng YM, Chang KJ, Lee EYHP, Shew JY, Lee WH. Activation of Robo1 signaling of breast cancer cells by Slit2 from stromal fibroblast restrains tumorigenesis via blocking PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4652-61. [PMID: 22826604 PMCID: PMC3445732 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor progression by secreting factors that mediate cancer cell growth. Stromal fibroblasts can promote tumor growth through paracrine factors; however, restraint of malignant carcinoma progression by the microenvironment also has been observed. The mechanisms that underlie this paradox remain unknown. Here, we report that the tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells is determined by an interaction between the Robo1 receptor and its ligand Slit2, which is secreted by stromal fibroblasts. The presence of an active Slit2/Robo1 signal blocks the translocation of β-catenin into nucleus, leading to downregulation of c-myc and cyclin D1 via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Clinically, high Robo1 expression in the breast cancer cells correlates with increased survival in patients with breast cancer, and low Slit2 expression in the stromal fibroblasts is associated with lymph node metastasis. Together, our findings explain how a specific tumor microenvironment can restrain a given type of cancer cell from progression and show that both stromal fibroblasts and tumor cell heterogeneity affect breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Ansari NA, Bao R, Voichiţa C, Drăghici S. Detecting phenotype-specific interactions between biological processes from microarray data and annotations. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 9:1399-1409. [PMID: 22547431 PMCID: PMC3748606 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2012.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High throughput technologies enable researchers to measure expression levels on a genomic scale. However, the correct and efficient biological interpretation of such voluminous data remains a challenging problem. Many tools have been developed for the analysis of GO terms that are over- or under-represented in a list of differentially expressed genes. However, a previously unexplored aspect is the identification of changes in the way various biological processes interact in a given condition with respect to a reference. Here, we present a novel approach that aims at identifying such interactions between biological processes that are significantly different in a given phenotype with respect to normal. The proposed technique uses vector-space representation, SVD-based dimensionality reduction, differential weighting, and bootstrapping to asses the significance of the interactions under the multiple and complex dependencies expected between the biological processes. We illustrate our approach on two real data sets involving breast and lung cancer. More than 88 percent of the interactions found by our approach were deemed to be correct by an extensive manual review of literature. An interesting subset of such interactions is discussed in detail and shown to have the potential to open new avenues for research in lung and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riyue Bao
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202.
| | - Călin Voichiţa
- The Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202.
| | - Sorin Drăghici
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, 3750 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, the Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, and the Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202.
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Abstract
Calcium is the major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. A calcium gradient within the epidermis promotes the sequential differentiation of keratinocytes as they traverse the different layers of the epidermis to form the permeability barrier of the stratum corneum. Calcium promotes differentiation by both outside-in and inside-out signaling. A number of signaling pathways involved with differentiation are regulated by calcium, including the formation of desmosomes, adherens junctions and tight junctions, which maintain cell-cell adhesion and play an important intracellular signaling role through their activation of various kinases and phospholipases that produce second messengers that regulate intracellular free calcium and PKC activity, critical for the differentiation process. The calcium receptor plays a central role by initiating the intracellular signaling events that drive differentiation in response to extracellular calcium. This review will discuss these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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48
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Li R, Chen WC, Pang XQ, Tian WY, Wang WP, Zhang XG. Combined effect of sCD40L and PI3K siRNA on transplanted tumours growth and microenvironment in nude mice with gastric cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8755-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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49
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Su JS, Woods SM, Ronen SM. Metabolic consequences of treatment with AKT inhibitor perifosine in breast cancer cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:379-88. [PMID: 22253088 PMCID: PMC3920667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is associated with the development of numerous human cancers. As a result, many emerging therapies target this pathway. Previous studies have shown that targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway at the level of PI3K is associated with a drop in phosphocholine (PCho) and a reduction in hyperpolarized lactate production. However, the consequences of targeting downstream of PI3K at the level of Akt have not been investigated. Perifosine is an anticancer alkylphospholipid used in clinical trials. It acts by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt and has been shown to inhibit CTP-phosphocholine cytidyltransferase (CT). The goal of this study was to identify the MRS-detectable metabolic consequences of treatment with perifosine in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that perifosine treatment led to a 51 ± 5% drop in PCho from 30 ± 5 to 15 ± 1 fmol/cell and a comparable drop in de novo synthesized PCho. This was associated with a drop in choline kinase (ChoK) activity and ChoKα expression. CT inhibition could not be ruled out but likely did not contribute to the change in PCho. We also found that intracellular lactate levels decreased from 2.7 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.3 fmol/cell and extracellular lactate levels dropped by a similar extent. These findings were consistent with a drop in lactate dehydrogenase expression and associated with a drop in activity of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The drops in PCho and lactate production following perifosine treatment are therefore mediated downstream of Akt by the drop in HIF-1α, which serves as the transcription factor for both ChoK and lactate dehydrogenase. The metabolic changes were confirmed in a second breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Taken together, these findings indicate that PCho and lactate can serve as noninvasive metabolic biomarkers for monitoring the effects of inhibitors that target the PI3K/Akt pathway, independent of the step that leads to inhibition of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Su
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Abstract
Gene expression profiling has led to a new molecular classification of breast cancer characterized by four intrinsic subtypes: basal-like, HER2-positive, luminal A, and luminal B. Despite expressing estrogen receptor, the luminal-B subtype confers increased risk of early relapse with endocrine therapy compared with the luminal-A subtype. Although luminal-B definitions vary, the hallmark appears to be increased expression of proliferation-related genes. Several biological pathways are identified as possible contributors to the poor outcomes, and novel agents targeting these pathways are being developed with aims to improve survival. We review the definition of luminal-B breast cancer, its pathological and clinical features, and potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Tran
- Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
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